WO2005076402A1 - 蓄電池、該蓄電池の極板用塗料、蓄電池用極板、および蓄電池の製造方法 - Google Patents
蓄電池、該蓄電池の極板用塗料、蓄電池用極板、および蓄電池の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005076402A1 WO2005076402A1 PCT/JP2004/006778 JP2004006778W WO2005076402A1 WO 2005076402 A1 WO2005076402 A1 WO 2005076402A1 JP 2004006778 W JP2004006778 W JP 2004006778W WO 2005076402 A1 WO2005076402 A1 WO 2005076402A1
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- active material
- storage battery
- lead
- electrode plate
- electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0005—Acid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0011—Sulfuric acid-based
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Storage battery paint for electrode plate of storage battery, electrode plate for storage battery, and method of manufacturing storage battery
- the present invention relates to a storage battery, and more particularly, to a storage battery that can be manufactured at low cost and has a high energy density.
- the present invention also relates to an electrode plate paint for the storage battery, an electrode plate for a storage battery, and a method for manufacturing a storage battery.
- lead-acid batteries are relatively inexpensive and have stable performance, so they are used in all fields, including automotive and industrial applications.
- a lead storage battery uses lead as a negative electrode active material, uses lead dioxide as a positive electrode active material, and uses a sulfuric acid aqueous solution as an electrolyte.
- the active material is supported on a current collector that is a terminal of an electrode.
- nickel, iron, stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, and the like are generally used for a positive electrode, and zinc and a force dome are used for a negative electrode.
- lead In the discharge reaction in a lead-acid battery, lead is oxidized at the negative electrode to convert from cations to lead sulfate, and at the positive electrode, lead dioxide is reduced to lead sulfate. Very low solubility lead sulphate precipitates immediately. As the discharge proceeds, the sulfuric acid, which is an electrolyte, is consumed, and the electromotive force decreases. The discharge is possible as long as the electromotive force is reduced and the active material is present. As described above, since the active material is ionized and discharged by discharging the ion, a discharge is generated. Therefore, in order to increase the discharge current, the active material is used in the form of fine particles.
- lead-acid batteries have the above-mentioned structure and charge / discharge mechanism, and are low-cost and long-life batteries.However, since lead is used as an active material, the actual use of lead-acid batteries Is often described as heavy or big.
- One of the factors is that the density of lead, which is the main raw material, is high!
- This design factor is that, for example, when trying to extend the life of the float divided by the life of the charge / discharge ital, it is necessary to design the current collector thicker in order to ensure that the corrosion of the positive electrode current collector, which is a lead alloy, proceeds reliably. Yes, as the electrode plate thickness increases, the utilization rate of the active material decreases, and the storage battery becomes even heavier.
- Conventional lead-acid batteries are often used for float charging. This is an attempt to supply power from the storage battery to the load in the event of a power outage, and is generally discharged at a rate of about 10 minutes.
- the conventional lead-acid battery discharges a large amount of current in such a short-time discharge, so the utilization rate of the inferior active material is further reduced, and the storage battery must be provided with a storage battery with a large rated capacity. Big and heavy.
- the utilization rates of the active materials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode in the lead storage battery are each about 40%, which is a very low utilization rate. Low utilization means that the active material remains even at the end of discharge, and that the active material also contributes to the discharge as an electrical conductor during discharge.
- lithium-ion batteries have become popular, focusing on their high energy density.Even if they use extremely high raw materials, they can secure a certain market, especially for general consumers. I have.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to obtain a storage battery with a high utilization rate by using inexpensive raw materials equivalent to a lead storage battery.
- An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the above problems and the like, and as a result, a major cause of the low energy density of the lead storage battery is that the active material is insolubilized in the discharging process and loses conductivity. It was clearly recognized that the high cost of lithium-ion batteries was attributable to the materials, and that consideration should be given to that. In other words, the conventional problems can be solved if both the improvement of the utilization factor and the maintenance of conductivity can be achieved as an active material, and if a cheap material can be specified. Therefore, as a result of various studies on the pole active material, a specific substance was included as the pole active material of the storage battery. Thus, the inventors have found that the series of problems can be solved, and have completed the present invention.
- the storage battery of the present invention is a battery that enables high energy density and high output energy density by using such a polar substance.
- the material constituting the polar substance of the present invention is mainly composed of extremely inexpensive carbon, and also uses a metal such as lead, so that the battery is inexpensive.
- lithium ion batteries, which are expensive but have a high energy density, and conventional lead batteries, which are inexpensive but have a low energy density, have been the mainstream of conventional batteries.
- the battery according to the invention has a high energy density and is inexpensive, and its industrial value is extremely large.
- the storage battery according to the present invention uses lead in some cases like a conventional storage battery, it is not an essential element, and the amount of lead used can be reduced to zero or extremely small depending on the design. Is a new storage battery that is different from the lead storage battery. It is also a battery with low environmental impact.
- the storage battery of the present invention is a storage battery comprising at least a polar active material and a sulfuric acid aqueous solution electrolyte, wherein the polar active material contains a carbon material as a main component. I do.
- the electrode plate paint of the present invention is a electrode plate paint for a storage battery comprising at least a pole active material and a sulfuric acid aqueous solution electrolyte, wherein carbon particles and / or graphite used as the pole active material are used. Characterized in that it contains a material, an epoxy resin and / or a phenol resin, and a solvent.
- the storage battery electrode plate of the present invention is a storage battery electrode plate containing a carbon material as a pole active material, and using a sulfuric acid aqueous solution as an electrolyte, and a current collector constituting the pole plate.
- the present invention is characterized in that the current collector is at least composed of an active material-containing coating film obtained by applying and drying the electrode plate paint.
- the method for manufacturing a storage battery electrode plate of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a storage battery using a sulfuric acid aqueous solution as an electrolyte, which contains a carbon material as a pole active material, wherein the current collector constituting the plate is An electrode plate having a coating film containing the active material is obtained by applying and drying an electrode plate paint.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing charging and discharging of a positive electrode according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing charging and discharging of a negative electrode of a conventional battery
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing charge / discharge of a negative electrode according to the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing 10 hour rate discharge characteristics
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing 3 minute rate discharge characteristics
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing characteristics when graphite is subjected to potential scanning in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the results of a charge / discharge cycle life test.
- the storage battery of the present invention is a storage battery comprising at least a pole active material and an aqueous sulfuric acid solution as an electrolyte, wherein the pole active material contains a carbon material as a main component.
- the carbon material used as the pole active material may be any carbon material as long as it is a carbon material. Specific examples include carbon particles, graphite and the like, and preferred are carbon particles and graphite. This is because these are optimal when the discharge efficiency and conductivity as an active material are considered. As the carbon particles, carbon black is preferable. This is because the particle size is small and easily available. If the particle size is small, an improvement in discharge efficiency is expected. These may be used alone or in combination However, it is more preferable to combine them. An oxidized carbon material may be used, or may be oxidized at the first initial charge of the storage battery.
- the particle size of the carbon particles is not particularly limited, but the smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area of the carbon particles as a whole, which is preferable because the discharge efficiency can be improved.
- the positive electrode active material may be used as a positive electrode active material or may be used as a negative electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material may include a metal oxide. Examples of the metal oxide include lead dioxide and manganese dioxide, and preferably lead dioxide. This is because dioxide is discharged at the same potential as graphite, and is therefore compatible with lead-acid batteries.
- the lead dioxide / graphite mass ratio is preferably 4 or less. This is because if the mass ratio of lead dioxide Z black $ 0 exceeds 4, no effect commensurate with the compounding ratio is observed.
- the negative electrode active material contains a metal.
- the metal included as the negative electrode active material include lead, and the mass ratio of Suzu Z carbon is preferably 20 or less. If the lead / carbon mass ratio exceeds 20, no effect commensurate with the composition can be obtained.
- the coating for an electrode plate of the present invention comprises the above-mentioned electrode active material, an epoxy resin and / or a phenol resin, and a solvent.
- epoxy resins include glycidyl ether / bifunctional phenolic epoxy resins, such as bisphenol-type epoxy resins, stilbene-type epoxy resins, biphenyl-type epoxy resins, monocyclic aromatic epoxy resins, and polycondensates.
- Glycidyl ether type / Tankan phenolic epoxy resins such as cyclic aromatic epoxy resins, are polyphenolic epoxy resins, phenol novolak epoxy resins, methylene group-substituted phenol novolak epoxy resins, and alkylene-modified phenol resins.
- Aliphatic epoxy resins such as Polak-type epoxy resin, aralkyl-modified phenol novolak-type epoxy resin, etc.
- alicyclic epoxy resin obtained from Tochi-cho can be directly used as alicyclic epoxy resin obtained from Tochi-cho, alicyclic epoxy resin obtained by glycidyl etherification of functional groups, Mouth pentagen type Epoxy resins, chain on the aliphatic epoxy resins, the modified epoxy resins, silicone-modified epoxy resin, urethane-modified Epoki Other resins include phosphorus-containing epoxy resins, sulfur-containing epoxy resins, nitrogen-containing epoxy resins, and the like.
- the hydrogenated epoxy resin include a hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, a hydrogenated bisphenol F type epoxy resin, and the like, preferably a bisphenol type, and more preferably a bisphenol A type.
- phenol resin examples include phenol-formaldehyde resin, phenol-furfural resin, resorcin-formaldehyde resin, and the like, and preferably phenol-formaldehyde resin. This is because the adhesiveness is good.
- the weight ratio of epoxy resin / graphite is preferably 0.1 to 3. If the weight ratio of epoxy resin / graphite is less than 0.1, no effect can be obtained, and if it exceeds 3, no effect commensurate with the mixing ratio can be obtained.
- the solvent examples include acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and ethyl alcohol, and are preferably ketone solvents such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and more preferably methyl ethyl ketone.
- the amount of the solvent can be appropriately adjusted so as to be suitably used as a paint.
- the coating for an electrode plate of the present invention may further contain a dispersant.
- the dispersant include a bur resin, a polycarboxylic acid amidoamine resin, and polypyrrolidone.
- a resin having a higher molecular weight is preferable. This is because the high molecular weight resin has better dispersibility and the durability of the resin is better.
- the amount of the dispersant is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the total mass of the carbon to be incorporated.
- the coating for an electrode plate of the present invention may further contain barium sulfate, lignin, and more preferably lignosulfonic acid. By including these, aggregation of metal is suppressed!].
- the compounding amount of barium sulfate, lignin and lignosulfonic acid is preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the metal to be compounded. If the amount is less than 0.1% by mass, no effect is obtained, and if it exceeds 5%, the effect corresponding to the amount cannot be obtained.
- a method for manufacturing an electrode plate according to the present invention is characterized in that a paint having the above-described composition is applied to a current collector and dried.
- the drying temperature is preferably at least 20 ° C lower than the boiling point of the solvent, more preferably at least 20 ° C lower than the boiling point of the solvent, and less than 200 ° C. ,. If the drying is performed at a temperature lower than 20 ° C, evaporation of the solvent is slowed down, the density of the hardened epoxy is high, that is, a film having few pores is formed, and the aqueous sulfuric acid solution is formed in the film. This is because they cannot be diffused into the air, and as a result, the discharge decreases.
- drying temperature exceeds 200 ° C., there is a problem that the pore balance varies, which is not preferable. Specifically, it is usually carried out at 60 to 150 ° C. After drying in the above temperature range, it is preferable to perform a second heat treatment in order to further remove the solvent completely.
- the thickness of the coating is preferably from 0.01 to 1 mm, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 mm. If the thickness of the coating film is less than 0.01 mm, a sufficient amount of the active material cannot be held on the current collector, and if the thickness is more than 1 mm, the discharge of the active material particles located at a deep portion becomes insufficient. It is because it becomes.
- An aqueous solution of sulfuric acid is used as the electrolyte for the storage battery.
- the specific gravity of the aqueous sulfuric acid solution is preferably from 1.2 to 1.4. This is to maintain the capacity and balance the life.
- the positive electrode active material is mainly composed of carbon materials, particularly graphite and graphite or carbon particles.
- Charging this battery as aqueous sulfuric acid solution is sulfuric acid ions, specifically HSO 4 - Captures between or as S_ ⁇ 4 graphite crystal layers and / or carbon particles I will.
- sulfuric acid ions specifically HSO 4 - Captures between or as S_ ⁇ 4 graphite crystal layers and / or carbon particles I will.
- sulfate ions are separated and returned to the electrolyte, which enables power supply.
- the charge and discharge do not cause the carbon particles to aggregate or the graphite crystals to fall off. Therefore, the conductivity in each cell is also maintained.
- the current density can be reduced by coating the polar active material thinly on the current collector.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows charge / discharge according to the present invention.
- a coating film is formed on the surface of the current collector, and in this coating film, a carbon material having a layered structure, for example, an epoxy resin 2 containing carbon particles 3 is filled between crystal layers of graphite 1.
- a carbon material having a layered structure for example, an epoxy resin 2 containing carbon particles 3 is filled between crystal layers of graphite 1.
- Yes above.
- sulfuric acid 4 in the ion state is taken in between the crystal layers of graphite 1 (middle figure).
- sulfuric acid 4 taken in the ionic state is returned into the electrolyte from the crystal layer of graphite 1 (see below).
- a large capacity discharge is realized. Even when using either carbon particles or graphite, a large capacity can be obtained similarly.
- the polarity of the negative electrode is the same as the polarity of the sulfate ion, it is necessary to charge and discharge sulfate ions between graphite crystal layers and between Z or carbon particles. Can not. Therefore, when a negative electrode active material, for example, lead is used as a compound metal, the fact that lead is discharged and converted to lead sulfate, and conversely, from lead to sulfate when charged is used.
- lead When lead is used as the negative electrode active material, in the conventional method of filling a grid-like current collector with a paste of oxidized lead and dilute sulfuric acid, lead sulfate, which is a discharge product, is an electrically insulating material. Therefore, lead, which is an active material, was used as a current collector function as an electrical conductor of the negative electrode. As a result, when the amount of lead sulfate becomes 70% or more in the discharge, the electrical network of lead, which is the active material, breaks down, the potential of the electrode plate rapidly rises, and the utilization rate of the negative electrode active material becomes 70%. It has been considered impossible to exceed the percentage. This is shown schematically in FIG.
- the active material When discharged, the active material, lead dioxide 5, changes to lead sulfate 6, which has no conductivity. In practice, the utilization of lead dioxide is around 40%.
- a carbon material and lead are used as the negative electrode active material. By converting these into a paint with a solvent such as epoxy resin or methyl ethyl ketone, the lead utilization rate can be greatly improved.
- the paste obtained by simply mixing a carbon material and lead oxide was filled in a grid-like current collector, but it is not possible to greatly improve the utilization rate of the negative electrode active material by itself. Therefore, those technologies were only used as technologies for suppressing the sulphation (sulfate crystallization) of the negative electrode.
- the current density of the negative electrode can be reduced by applying the paint paste to, for example, a sheet-shaped current collector.
- fine pores are formed in the paint film to facilitate the diffusion of sulfate ions into the active material, and the carbon particles or graphite dispersed in the paint become lead particles. Is electrically connected to maintain the conductivity of each cell, so that the utilization rate of the active material can be greatly improved.
- a method for forming fine pores in the above-mentioned coating film for example, as described above, a method of applying the coating material of the present invention to a current collector and drying the coating material at a temperature 20 ° C. lower than the boiling point of the solvent or the like is used. Is mentioned.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the charging and discharging of the negative electrode according to the present invention.
- Lead 7 as a negative electrode active material is bound by an epoxy resin 9 containing carbon particles 8.
- Carbon by coating The electrical network in each cell is maintained by a chain of carbon particles, despite the presence of a conductive network of particles, which places them in a discharge state and causes the sulfation of particulate lead 7 to occur.
- the electrical energy generated from each granular lead sulfate 10 is discharged at a high rate.
- the current collector is basically made of a lead alloy, and is a thin sheet or sheet of about 0.2 mm.
- graphite and carbon particles were mainly used as an active material, a small amount of lead oxide was added, an epoxy resin was used as a binder, and methyl ethyl ketone was used as a solvent to prepare a paint. A paint is applied to obtain a positive electrode plate.
- the current collector is basically a lead alloy, and a paint is prepared using the carbon material as an active material as a main component, and the paint is applied to the current collector to form a negative electrode. Board.
- the paint composition include the carbon material and lead oxide, an epoxy resin as a binder, barium sulfate and lignin as a metal coagulation inhibitor, more preferably ligninsulfonic acid, and a methylethyl ketone as a solvent.
- the basic structure of the storage battery of the present invention is a structure in which both electrodes holding positive and negative active materials are housed in a battery case containing an electrolytic solution via a separator (separator).
- the current collector is basically made of a lead alloy and a thin sheet with a force of about 0.2 mm.
- a positive electrode plate material graphite or carbon particles as a main component, a small amount of lead acid, an epoxy resin as a binder, and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent are used as a paint, which is used as a current collector. Apply to. By drying the current collector, a positive electrode plate is manufactured.
- the current collector is basically made of a lead alloy, and the negative electrode material such as graphite particles or graphite and lead oxide, and furthermore, barium sulfate and lignin, more preferably ligninsulfonic acid are used.
- the negative electrode material such as graphite particles or graphite and lead oxide, and furthermore, barium sulfate and lignin, more preferably ligninsulfonic acid are used.
- epoxy resin and methyl ethyl ketone as a solvent are added to form a paint, and the paint is applied to a current collector.
- An aqueous solution of sulfuric acid is used as the electrolyte for the storage battery.
- any material can be used as long as it is stable in the electrolyte, can bring both electrodes as close as possible, and can increase the amount of active material per unit area.
- the storage battery according to the present invention exhibits almost the same electromotive force as the conventional lead storage battery, and thus can be applied to all the applications of lead storage batteries up to now.
- it was considered to be the field of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium-ion batteries because of its ability to charge and discharge with large current, no decrease in conductivity in cells due to charge and discharge with large current, and extremely high energy density. For applications, it can be used practically, taking advantage of significantly lower costs.
- the battery according to the present invention has a utilization rate of the active material that is about twice as high as that of a conventional lead-acid battery, and the rate of decrease in capacity is small even when discharged by a large current.
- an inverter that backs up a power outage occupies approximately 3Z4 equivalent volume of the storage battery.Therefore, reducing the storage battery volume to about 1/3 of that of the conventional inverter reduces the total volume of the inverter to about It can be 1/2. Users have the advantage of not having to choose installation conditions due to the reduced installation space for emergency storage battery power and the reduced floor load.
- storage batteries are also used for mobile phone base stations, but base stations are often installed on the rooftops of general buildings for wireless use. In this case as well, the use of the battery according to the present invention reduces such problems.
- a 0.3 mm thick sheet made of a lead alloy is used as the current collector, and carbon black (made by Ketjen Black International, part number: Ketjen Black EC) or graphite (made by Nippon Lead Co., part number: SP— M9), epoxy resin (manufactured by Nagase Chemtech Co., Ltd., product number: XNR3114), methylethyl ketone as a solvent, and a vinyl dispersant as a dispersant were blended into a paint.
- the curing agent for epoxy resin manufactured by Nagase Chemtech Co., Ltd., product number: XNH3114
- Table 1 shows the details of adjustment of the active material paint.
- a paint was prepared by mixing 250 g of lead oxide, which is a raw material of an active material of a lead storage battery, with 70 ml of water.
- the paint was applied to both sides of the lead sheet as a current collector such that the thickness of one side in the paint state was about 0.2 mm.
- the thickness of the coating film that is, the active material layer, was about 0.2 mm.
- a polyethylene separator having a thickness of 0.1 mm manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd.
- a nonwoven fabric made of paper made of glass fiber having an average diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m and a thickness of 0.2 mm were overlapped to form a separator.
- An electrode group was formed by sandwiching the above-mentioned separator between an electrode plate made of a grid-shaped current collector and an electrode plate made of a grid-shaped current collector.
- the polyethylene separator as the separator was arranged so as to be in contact with the negative electrode plate using the grid-like current collector.
- the electrode group was placed in a battery case, and a specific gravity of 1.245 sulfuric acid aqueous solution was injected.
- the electrode using a sheet-like current collector was used as a positive electrode, and the electrode using a grid-like current collector was used as a negative electrode. In order to do this, I performed a drama. No. Carfon® Flack Vinyl Eho. Xyresin Methyl Ethyl Ketone
- Example 1 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 0
- Example 2 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 1.4
- Example 3 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 7.0
- Example 4 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 14.0
- Example 5 0 1.1 0.56 2.2 45 0
- Example 6 0 1.1 0.56 2.2 45 0.5
- Example 8 0 1.1 0.56 2.2 45 4.7 Comparative Example 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 250
- the storage battery was discharged, and the capacity was examined using a charge / discharge test device (manufactured by Ikenaga Electronics).
- the temperature was 25.
- Discharge was performed at two different rates: a 10-hour rate and a 3-minute rate. If the capacity of the 10 hour rate is 0.1 C amps, the 3 minute rate is equivalent to about 5 C amps. C indicates the rated capacity value.
- Fig. 4 shows the 10-hour rate discharge characteristics
- Fig. 5 shows the 3-minute rate discharge characteristics.
- the horizontal axis shows the capacity per gram by adding the weight of lead oxide and graphite or carbon black applied to the current collector. Both graphite and carbon black are carbon, so they are also referred to as carbon.
- the discharge characteristics of Examples 2 to 4 and 6 to 8 exhibited smooth discharge curves with no steps even when lead dioxide was present.
- the storage battery of the present invention contains a carbon material as a pole active material, but may additionally contain lead dioxide!
- Tables 1 and 2 confirm the effect of the additional amount of lead dioxide added.
- Lead dioxide is for supplementary effects and may be used in small quantities. As shown in Table 2, it is not so preferable to mix lead dioxide in an amount larger than that in Example 4, since it becomes substantially similar to a conventional lead-acid battery.
- Example 4 The amount of lead dioxide used in Example 4 (14.0 g) was equal in capacity and utilization compared to the conventional lead-acid battery using 25 Og of lead dioxide (Comparative Example 1). Therefore, it can be said that it is environmentally friendly because the effect can be improved with a smaller amount of lead added.
- the utilization rate of lead dioxide is usually 30 to 40 nm. It has been considered that a utilization rate of more than 70% cannot be achieved, because theoretically, when the concentration exceeds 1%, lead sulphate generated by discharging becomes a resistance.
- the present invention has overturned that logic.It is said that such a good result was obtained by using a carbon material such as graphite and carbon particles as an active material, forming a paint and applying it to a current collector. Conceivable.
- FIG. 6 shows the characteristics when graphite is subjected to potential scanning in an aqueous sulfuric acid solution.
- FIG. 6 it can be seen that the peak of the oxidation current gradually shifts to the right. This indicates that the oxygen overvoltage is increasing. For this reason, even if graphite and carbon particles coexist with lead oxide, lead acid is oxidized to lead dioxide.
- the active material prepared in Table 1 was charged for the first time, almost 100% of lead oxide was changed to lead dioxide.
- the potential on the horizontal axis is measured based on a lead / lead sulfate electrode.
- Example 9 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 0 60 100
- Example 10 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 0 100 100
- Example 1 1 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 1.4 60
- Example 12 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 1.4 100
- Example 13 0 1.1 0.02 2.2 45 0 60
- Example 14 0 1.1 0.02 2.2 45 0 100
- Comparative example 2 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 0 40
- Comparative example 3 3.3 0 0.02 2.2 23 1.4 40
- Comparative example 4 0 1.1 0.02 2.2 45 0 40 100
- the capacity was high at the first temperature of 60 ° C. and 100 ° C., which were equal to or higher than the temperature 20 ° C. lower than the boiling point. It is considered that when the temperature is lower than the boiling point by 20 ° C or more, the solvent evaporates slowly, and the density of the cured epoxy is high, that is, the coating film has few pores.
- the first drying temperature was set to 40 ° C, which is at least 20 ° C lower than the boiling point of methylethyl ketone (79.6 ° C). And dried. For the drying time, drying was performed at the first temperature for 1 hour, and then heat treatment was performed at the second temperature (100 ° C) for 1 hour.
- the amount of paint applied and the battery manufacturing method are basically the same as in Table 1.
- Table 4 shows the results of discharging the battery at 0.1 C amperes. The capacity was low when the first temperature was 40 ° C, which was at least 20 ° C lower than the boiling point of methyl ethyl ketone.
- a 0.3 mm thick sheet made of a lead alloy is used as the current collector, and carbon particles are used as carbon particles (Ketjen Black International, part number: Ketjen Black EC), lead oxide, lignosulfonate,
- a paint was prepared by mixing parium sulfate and XNR3114 (manufactured by Nagase Chemtech) as an epoxy resin, and adding methylethyl ketone as a solvent. In the preparation of the paint, each material was mixed and rotated with a pole mill so that the materials were evenly dispersed. The paint was applied to the lead alloy current collector and dried at 100 ° C. As a result, the thickness of the active material layer was about 0.02 mm.
- Batteries were fabricated by using an electrode plate filled with a paste obtained by pulverizing lead oxide and dilute sulfuric acid on a grid-like current collector, and using the same separator as in the case of the positive electrode plate.
- Table 5 shows the prototype negative electrode active material paints.
- Table 6 shows the capacity and active material utilization. Further, as Comparative Example 1, a composition having the same composition as that of Example 18 but not uniformly mixed by a pole mill was examined.
- the utilization was measured using a charge / discharge tester (Ikenaga Electronics).
- the utilization rate (%) was obtained by the formula: discharge capacity / (mass of lead oxide Z 4.43) ⁇ 100.
- Example 15 1.3 0.4 2.3 45 0.7 0.2 86 Yes
- Example 16 8.5 0.8 5.8 45 0.7 0.2 86 Yes
- Example 17 2.9 0.6 3.5 45 0.7 0.2 86 Yes
- Example 18 1.3 0.4 2.3 45 0.7 0.2 86 Yes
- Control example 1 1.3 0.4 2.3 45 0.7 0.2 86 No Comparative example 5----0.7 0.2 86 Yes
- Example 19 A combination of the positive electrode used in Example 1 and the negative electrode used in Example 16 (Example 19), and a combination of the positive electrode used in Example 2 and the negative electrode used in Example 16 (Example 20) and a combination of the positive electrode used in Example 6 and the negative electrode used in Example 16 (actual Example 2 1) was used.
- the battery has a rated capacity of 5 amp-hours. Discharge was up to 1.7 volts Z cell at 0.6 C amps and charge was 110 percent of discharge capacity.
- the test was performed at a temperature of 25 ° C using a charge / discharge test device (made by Ikenaga Electronics).
- Fig. 7 shows the test results.
- a conventional lead-acid battery has a life of about 200 cycles with a thin active material layer of about 0.02 millimeter.
- the battery according to the present invention exhibited a life of 500 cycles.
- the storage battery according to the present invention is an inexpensive storage battery with a very high utilization rate, it is possible to reduce the size of conventional lead-acid storage batteries, including the hybrid use of engines and storage batteries in automotive applications and the like. It is also effective in light weight. In addition, it can be used as a power source for portable devices that use lithium ion batteries, taking advantage of its cost advantages.
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JP2004030129A JP2005222825A (ja) | 2004-02-06 | 2004-02-06 | 蓄電池、該蓄電池の極板用塗料、蓄電池用極板、および蓄電池の製造方法 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103647055A (zh) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-03-19 | 成都兴能新材料有限公司 | 环氧树脂改性石墨的负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN108631003A (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 天能集团(河南)能源科技有限公司 | 一种铅酸蓄电池电解液用双组份添加剂及其使用方法 |
CN110462899A (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-11-15 | 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 | 铅蓄电池 |
Citations (8)
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JPS4833459B1 (ja) * | 1968-05-23 | 1973-10-15 | ||
JPS55501196A (ja) * | 1978-07-12 | 1980-12-25 | ||
JPS5987777A (ja) * | 1982-11-11 | 1984-05-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 層間化合物電極 |
JPS6454721A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1989-03-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of polarizable electrode |
JPH01213960A (ja) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-08-28 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | ポリマー電池 |
JPH0357171A (ja) * | 1989-07-26 | 1991-03-12 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | ポリマー電池 |
JPH0422062A (ja) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-27 | Kuraray Chem Corp | 分極性電極板 |
JP2004134658A (ja) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-30 | Fdk Corp | 充放電可能な電気化学素子 |
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2004
- 2004-02-06 JP JP2004030129A patent/JP2005222825A/ja active Pending
- 2004-05-13 WO PCT/JP2004/006778 patent/WO2005076402A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS4833459B1 (ja) * | 1968-05-23 | 1973-10-15 | ||
JPS55501196A (ja) * | 1978-07-12 | 1980-12-25 | ||
JPS5987777A (ja) * | 1982-11-11 | 1984-05-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 層間化合物電極 |
JPS6454721A (en) * | 1987-08-26 | 1989-03-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of polarizable electrode |
JPH01213960A (ja) * | 1988-02-22 | 1989-08-28 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | ポリマー電池 |
JPH0357171A (ja) * | 1989-07-26 | 1991-03-12 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | ポリマー電池 |
JPH0422062A (ja) * | 1990-05-15 | 1992-01-27 | Kuraray Chem Corp | 分極性電極板 |
JP2004134658A (ja) * | 2002-10-11 | 2004-04-30 | Fdk Corp | 充放電可能な電気化学素子 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103647055A (zh) * | 2013-11-15 | 2014-03-19 | 成都兴能新材料有限公司 | 环氧树脂改性石墨的负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN110462899A (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-11-15 | 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 | 铅蓄电池 |
CN110462899B (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2022-06-03 | 株式会社杰士汤浅国际 | 铅蓄电池 |
CN108631003A (zh) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-09 | 天能集团(河南)能源科技有限公司 | 一种铅酸蓄电池电解液用双组份添加剂及其使用方法 |
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