WO2005057759A1 - Moteur c.c. a balai de charbon externe - Google Patents

Moteur c.c. a balai de charbon externe Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005057759A1
WO2005057759A1 PCT/CN2004/000267 CN2004000267W WO2005057759A1 WO 2005057759 A1 WO2005057759 A1 WO 2005057759A1 CN 2004000267 W CN2004000267 W CN 2004000267W WO 2005057759 A1 WO2005057759 A1 WO 2005057759A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brush
carbon brush
motor
commutator
carbon
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2004/000267
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xiaohua Xu
Original Assignee
Xiaohua Xu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xiaohua Xu filed Critical Xiaohua Xu
Priority to EP04723951A priority Critical patent/EP1696538A4/en
Priority to CA002514444A priority patent/CA2514444A1/en
Publication of WO2005057759A1 publication Critical patent/WO2005057759A1/zh
Priority to US11/248,206 priority patent/US7180219B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/14Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders
    • H02K5/143Means for supporting or protecting brushes or brush holders for cooperation with commutators
    • H02K5/148Slidably supported brushes

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to a DC motor, in particular to a carbon brush external DC motor. Background technique
  • brushed motors which are composed of a front cover, a casing, a magnetic steel, a rotor, a commutator, and a rear cover with a carbon brush structure. Because the carbon brush structure of this motor is built-in, once the motor is assembled, the brush is sealed by the rear end cover. In the future operation of the motor, it is difficult to know how the brush is worn. Problems arise and brushes cannot be replaced. Because the wear of the brushes during the operation of the motor can not be predicted, we cannot know when the brushes are completely worn out. We can only know when the motor is unable to run. Once this happens, the carbon brushes are worn out.
  • the DC motors currently used are usually disposable. Even if only the carbon brushes have problems, the other components can be reused intact, and the whole machine must be discarded, causing a lot of waste, which not only makes the motor's service life shorter, It also causes a lot of waste.
  • Cikon patent ZL01226334.6 discloses a brush-type DC micromotor, which is composed of a casing, a magnet block, a rotor, a commutator and a rear cover, and is detachably connected to the outer wall of the rear end of the casing.
  • the two semicircular annular carbon brush mounting brackets are respectively provided with a carbon brush sliding tube which is open at both ends in the radial direction.
  • the above technical solution well solves the problem of replacing the carbon brush.
  • its connecting wire is directly welded to the tail of the carbon brush and led out from the center hole of the sealing cover. In this way, the connecting wire must pass through the spring.
  • the spring and the carbon brush described above are always in a relative motion state, so this connection method is not reliable, and it is easy to cause the wear and tear of the wire.
  • the mounting bracket is designed as a pair of semi-circular ring-shaped detachable structures wrapped on the shell, which requires a large amount of space. Space, making the whole machine larger.
  • the contact surface of the device is relatively small, and the noise is relatively low, but this carbon brush also has some disadvantages, that is, its contact surface with the commutator is small, and the force of the carbon brush is not uniform, which is easy to produce sparks and The motor is stuck.
  • the carbon brush with the arc-shaped contact surface has a larger contact surface with the commutator, so it is better to cooperate with the commutator.
  • the force of the carbon brush is more uniform, but due to the contact surface of the carbon brush and the commutator It is relatively large, the noise of the motor is relatively large, and the running-in time is relatively long. Summary of the invention
  • the utility model aims to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings existing in the prior art, and provides a carbon brush external DC motor with simple structure, easy implementation and reliable operation.
  • the utility model also provides a carbon brush external DC motor with a novel carbon brush structure.
  • a carbon brush external DC motor including a front cover, a casing, a magnetic steel, a rotor, a commutator and a rear cover, which is characterized by two brush holders on the outer wall of the rear cover
  • a mounting hole, the brush holder mounting hole is provided with two circular brush holders of the same structure
  • a radial carbon brush sliding tube for installing a carbon brush is arranged in the brush holder, and the carbon brush slides
  • the carbon brush in the tube is in contact with the commutator on the rotor through the spring cap.
  • the outward end is connected with a copper sheet through the brush braid.
  • the copper sheet is set on the rear end of the sliding tube by the brush cap.
  • the lead-out wire is led out from the copper sheet lead-out end of the outer wall of the sliding tube.
  • the carbon brush external DC motor of the present utility model has a small volume and does not occupy space because the brush holder is directly embedded in a circular hole provided on the outer wall of the rear cover.
  • the electrical connection of the carbon brush is made from the brush braid and the copper sheet. Draw out from the moving tube, because the braid has good flexibility and stretchability, and its range of movement is limited between the end of the carbon brush and the brush cap, making the electrical connection very reliable.
  • the carbon brush external DC motor of the present utility model has a simple structure, convenient installation, light weight, and reliable operation. The carbon brush can be replaced with maintenance to greatly extend the service life of the motor.
  • the contact surface between the carbon brush and the commutator is a toothed arc surface.
  • the tooth shape of the toothed arc-shaped contact surface may be any tooth shape such as a zigzag shape, a wave shape, a rectangular tooth, or a combination thereof, and is preferably a zigzag shape.
  • This toothed arc-shaped contact surface carbon brush combines the advantages of a single carbon brush with a slope and an arc-shaped surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rear cover.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a carbon brush structure with a slope contact surface.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a carbon brush with an arc-shaped contact surface.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a toothed arc-shaped contact surface carbon brush. detailed description
  • a carbon brush external DC motor includes a front cover 1, a casing 2, a magnetic steel 3, a rotor 4, a commutator 8, and a rear cover 6.
  • the rear wall of the rear cover 6 is provided with two Two brush holder mounting holes, the brush holder mounting holes are provided with two circular brush holders 5 having the same structure, the brush holders 5 are made of bakelite insulation material, and are provided with carbon brushes Radial carbon brush slide tube 7.
  • the carbon brush sliding tube 7 is made of a copper material with better electrical conductivity, on the one hand, it guides the movement of the carbon brush, and on the other hand, it can also play a role of connecting a power source.
  • the carbon brush 12 is installed in the carbon brush sliding tube 7, and the brush cap 11 is in overhead contact with the commutator 8 on the rotor through the spring 10. 3, 4, and 5, a copper brush braid 15 is connected to an outward end of the carbon brush 12, and a copper sheet 13 is connected to the other end of the copper brush braid 15, and the copper sheet 13 is covered by a brush cap 11. It is placed on the rear end of the sliding tube 7.
  • the power lead-out wire 9 is led out from the copper sheet lead-out end 14 on the outer wall of the sliding tube 7, and then the motor is led out from the fixed parts such as the rear end cover 6 or the casing 2.
  • the contact surface 16 between the carbon brush and the commutator may be sloped, as shown in FIG. 3, or may be a circular arc, as shown in FIG. 4, preferably a sawtooth curved surface, as shown in FIG. .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)

Description

碳刷外置式直流电机 技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种直流电机, 具体地说是一种碳刷外置式直流电机。 背景技术
目前市场上最常见的直流电机,均是有刷电机,它是由前端盖、机壳、磁钢、 转子、换向器及具有碳刷结构的后端盖等组成。 由于这种电机的碳刷结构是内置 式的,所以一旦电机装配完成,电刷就被后端盖封死,在以后电机的运行过程中, 我们很难知道电刷被磨损的情况, 即使有问题出现, 电刷也是无法进行更换的。 由于电机在运行过程中电刷的磨损情况无法预知,我们也就无从知道电刷何时被 完全磨损, 只有等到电机出现无法运转的情况才能得知, 一旦发生这样的情况, 由于碳刷磨完后, 其弹簧铜片已被换向器磨断, 而换向器又被铜片磨损致坏, 因 此根本无法进行修复。所以目前使用的直流电机, 通常都是一次性使用的, 即使 只有碳刷出现问题,其它部件完好无损可以再用,也得整机丢弃,造成很大浪费, 不但使电机的使用寿命较短, 而且也造成成本的很大浪费。
为解决上述问题,中国专利 ZL01226334.6公开了一种换刷式直流微型电机, 它由机壳、 磁铁块、 转子、 换向器和后盖组成, 在机壳尾部外壁相向可拆式包裹 连接有结构相同的两个半圆环形碳刷安装架,两个半圆环形的碳刷安装架的中央 分别设置有径向且两端开口的碳刷滑动管,碳刷滑动管的内端伸进机壳内并指向 转子上的换向器, 碳刷滑动管的外端与封口盖连接, 安装在碳刷滑动管内的碳刷 由封口盖通过弹簧顶置与换向器接触,碳刷上的连接导线从封口盖上的中心孔引 出。
上述技术方案很好地解决了更换碳刷的问题, 但是, 它的连接导线直接焊接 在碳刷尾部并从封口盖的中心孔引出, 这样, 所述的连接导线必须穿越弹簧, 由 于在电机工作时所述的弹簧与碳刷一直处在相对运动状态,因而这种连接方式并 不可靠, 容易造成导线的磨损和脱落。 更为重要的是, 由于采用这种引线方式, 使得更换碳刷只能连同安装架一起取出, 因此, 其安装架设计成一对半圆环形且 包裹在外壳上的可拆式结构, 需占用较大的空间, 使得整机体积增大。 此外,现有的碳刷与换向器接触面有带斜坡及圆弧形表面两种类型。众所周 知, 电机正常运行时, 换向器表面将形成一层适当厚度的薄膜, 它是由氧化亚铜 以及吸附的石墨屑和水分等所组成。这层薄膜能增大换向器回路的接触电阻, 薄 膜中的石墨屑与水分还能对滑动接触起润滑作用。薄膜在电机运行中不断的被碳 刷的摩擦作用所破坏,同时当电流通过滑动接触层时,由于滑动接触的温度较高, 接触层中含有氧气和水分, 正碳刷又不断分离出石墨屑和碳的结晶体, 所以新的 薄膜又不断形成, 当这种破坏和重新形成处于平衡时, 薄膜便达到稳定正常运行 状态。 如滑动接触面温度过低或周围存在缺氧、干燥等情况, 则薄膜破坏后不易 重新形成, 将使换向器变坏, 产生火花, 碳刷震动和噪音等现象。 碳刷和换向器 刚幵始有一个磨合的阶段, 在这一磨合阶段电机的噪音相对来说大一点, 因而带 斜坡接触面的碳刷可使磨合时间短, 而且因为碳刷和换向器接触面比较小, 噪音 也就相对低很多,但这种碳刷也存在着一些弊端,就是它与换向器的接触面很小, 而且碳刷的受力也不均匀, 容易产生火花和电机卡死的现象。而带圆弧形接触面 的碳刷, 与换向器接触面比较大, 因而与换向器的配合比较好,'碳刷的受力比较 均匀, 但是由于碳刷和换向器的接触面比较大, 电机运转时的噪音比较大, 磨合 的时间相对来说就要长的多。 发明内容
本实用新型要解决的是现有技术存在的上述不足, 提供一种结构简单、容易 实现且运行可靠的碳刷外置式直流电机。
本实用新型还要提供一种具有新型碳刷结构的碳刷外置式直流电机。
解决上述问题采用的技术方案是:碳刷外置式直流电机,包括前端盖、机壳、 磁钢、 转子、 换向器和后端盖, 其特征在于后端盖外壁上设有两个刷架安装孔, 所述的刷架安装孔上安装有两个结构相同的圆环形刷架,所述的刷架内设置有用 于安装碳刷的径向碳刷滑动管,所述的碳刷滑动管内的碳刷由刷帽通过弹簧顶置 与转子上的换向器接触, 向外的一端通过刷辫连有一铜片,所述铜片由刷帽顶置 在滑动管的后端部, 电源引出线从滑动管外壁的铜片引出端引出。
本实用新型的碳刷外置式直流电机,由于刷架直接嵌装在后端盖外壁上所设 的圆孔内, 因而体积很小, 不占用空间。而碳刷的电连接是通过刷辫和铜片从滑 动管引出的, 由于刷辫具有良好的柔韧性和伸展性,并且其活动范围被限定在碳 刷末端与刷帽之间,使得该电连接非常可靠。当需要观察电刷磨损情况及更换碳 刷时,拧开刷架后端的刷帽,取出碳刷即可随时了解碳刷的磨损情况并及时更换。 因而本实用新型的碳刷外置式直流电机, 具有结构简单, 安装方便, 体积轻巧, 运行可靠, 便与检修更换碳刷, 能大大的延长电机的使用寿命。
作为本实用新型的进一步改进, 所述的碳刷与换向器的接触面呈带齿弧形 面。所述的带齿弧形接触面的齿形可以是锯齿形、波浪形、矩形齿等任意一种齿 形或者其结合,优选锯齿形。这种带齿弧形接触面碳刷结合了单独带斜坡和圆弧 形表面两种碳刷的优点,在圆弧形碳刷的圆弧表面加工了几个小齿,这样当电机 运转的时候碳刷不仅受力均匀,消除了由于碳刷单边受力而引起的一些不良事故 的发生, 而且这种圆弧形带齿电刷的磨合过程也很快, 大大减少了电机的噪音。
刷帽与刷架的结合可以釆用螺纹方式联接。 附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本实用新型作进一步说明。
图 1是本实用新型的结构示意图。
图 2是后盖的结构示意图。
图 3是带斜坡接触面的碳刷结构示意图。
图 4是带弧形接触面的碳刷结构示意图。
图 5是带齿弧形接触面碳刷的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
参照图 1、 2, 碳刷外置式直流电机, 包括前端盖 1、 机壳 2、 磁钢 3、 转子 4、 换向器 8和后端盖 6, 所述后端盖 6外壁上设有两个刷架安装孔, 所述的刷 架安装孔上安装有两个结构相同的圆环形刷架 5, 所述的刷架 5由胶木绝缘材料 制成, 其内设置有用于安装碳刷的径向碳刷滑动管 7。所述的碳刷滑动管 7釆用 导电性能较好的铜质材料,一方面给碳刷运动导向, 另一方面还能起到连接电源 的作用。 碳刷 12安装在碳刷滑动管 7内, 由刷帽 11通过弹簧 10顶置与转子上 的换向器 8接触。 参照图 3、 4、 5, 所述的碳刷 12向外的一端连接有一个铜刷辫 15 , 所述铜 刷辫 15的另一端连有一铜片 13, 所述铜片 13由刷帽 11顶置在滑动管 7的后端 部, 电源引出线 9从滑动管 7外壁的铜片引出端 14引出, 而后再从后端盖 6或 者机壳 2等固定部件上引出电机。
由于直流电机问题大都出现在电刷和换向器不能正常接触,因而选用接触压 降较大, 特别是伏安特性较陡的电刷, 可有效地改善换向。所述的碳刷与换向器 的接触面 16可以是斜坡形的如图 3所示, 也可以是带圆弧形的如图 4所示, 优 选带锯齿弧形面, 如图 5所示。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 、 碳刷外置式直流电机, 包括前端盖 (1)、 机壳 (2)、 磁钢 (3)、 转子 (4)、 换向器 (8) 和后端盖 (6), 其特征在于后端盖 (6)外壁上设有两个刷架安 装孔, 所述的刷架安装孔上安装有两个结构相同的圆环形刷架 (5), 所述的 刷架(5) 内设置有用于安装碳刷的径向碳刷滑动管(7); 所述的碳刷滑动管 (7)内的碳刷(12)由刷帽(11)通过弹簧(10)顶置与转子上的换向器(8) 接触, 向外的一端通过刷辫(15)连有一铜片 (13), 所述铜片(13) 由刷帽 (11)顶置在滑动管(7) 的后端部, 电源引出线(9)从滑动管(7)外壁的 铜片引出端 (14) 引出。
、 如权利要求 1所述的碳刷外置式直流电机, 其特征在于所述的碳刷与换向器 的接触面 (16)呈带齿弧形面。
、 如权利要求 2所述的碳刷外置式直流电机, 其特征在于所述的带齿弧形面的 齿形可以是锯齿形、 波浪形、 矩形齿等任意一种齿形或者其结合。
PCT/CN2004/000267 2003-12-15 2004-03-29 Moteur c.c. a balai de charbon externe WO2005057759A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04723951A EP1696538A4 (en) 2003-12-15 2004-03-29 ENGINE, C.C., EXTERNAL CHARCOAL BROOM
CA002514444A CA2514444A1 (en) 2003-12-15 2004-03-29 A dc motor with externally mounted carbon brush
US11/248,206 US7180219B2 (en) 2003-12-15 2005-10-13 DC motor with externally mounted carbon brush

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNU200320122564XU CN2746641Y (zh) 2003-12-15 2003-12-15 碳刷外置式直流电机
CN200320122564.X 2003-12-15

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/248,206 Continuation US7180219B2 (en) 2003-12-15 2005-10-13 DC motor with externally mounted carbon brush

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2005057759A1 true WO2005057759A1 (fr) 2005-06-23

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US (1) US7180219B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP1696538A4 (zh)
CN (1) CN2746641Y (zh)
CA (1) CA2514444A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2005057759A1 (zh)

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DE202015103448U1 (de) 2015-07-01 2015-07-23 Ralf Gfrörer Wartungsfreundlicher Elektromotor
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US10840781B2 (en) * 2018-09-25 2020-11-17 Dennis J. Mancl Commutator brush and rolled-up spring assembly
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CN113708542A (zh) * 2021-08-12 2021-11-26 南京希泰茗科技有限公司 电机端盖组件及其检测方法
WO2023188590A1 (ja) * 2022-03-30 2023-10-05 パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 電動機及び電動機の製造方法
CN117254627B (zh) * 2023-11-13 2024-02-06 苏州科义创智能科技有限公司 一种交流有刷电机

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EP1696538A4 (en) 2008-01-23
EP1696538A1 (en) 2006-08-30
US20060028091A1 (en) 2006-02-09
US7180219B2 (en) 2007-02-20
CA2514444A1 (en) 2005-06-23
CN2746641Y (zh) 2005-12-14

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