WO2005057262A1 - 光モジュールおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
光モジュールおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005057262A1 WO2005057262A1 PCT/JP2004/017864 JP2004017864W WO2005057262A1 WO 2005057262 A1 WO2005057262 A1 WO 2005057262A1 JP 2004017864 W JP2004017864 W JP 2004017864W WO 2005057262 A1 WO2005057262 A1 WO 2005057262A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- optical
- optical fiber
- optical element
- active region
- wiring
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/4236—Fixing or mounting methods of the aligned elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4202—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/422—Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements
- G02B6/4227—Active alignment methods, e.g. procedures and algorithms
Definitions
- the present invention has an optical coupling structure for optically connecting an optical waveguide such as a coaxial waveguide or a planar waveguide such as an optical fiber, and an optical element such as a surface emitting laser or a planar light receiving element.
- the present invention relates to an optical module and a method for manufacturing the same.
- An optical fiber coupling optical system of a front-end optical module used for optical communication includes an optical fiber, a member for fixing the optical fiber, a condensing optical system, and an optical element such as a semiconductor laser and a light receiving element. ing.
- an optical module having a receptacle structure to which an optical fiber cable can be attached and detached has been increasing.
- a ferrule in which a core and an optical fiber core wire having a cladding force are embedded is mounted, and an optical fiber cable having such a ferrule at an end portion is detachable.
- An optical transmission module having a surface emitting laser is expected as an inexpensive optical transmission module.
- the reason is that the cost of surface emitting lasers is expected to be low, and because the output light of the surface emitting laser is directly input to the optical fiber without using a focusing optical system, inexpensive optical fiber coupling optics is used. System can be realized.
- Optical transmission modules using surface-emitting lasers are being commercialized for short-range optical communication in the short wavelength band (0.85 m band), and multimode optical fiber cores with large core diameters (about 50 m) Optical fibers are mainly used.
- the optical fiber coupling optical system as described above is mainly used.
- optical transmission modules using lasers are mainly used for optical communication applications with medium distance power and long distance, and single-mode optical fibers are mainly used as optical fibers.
- the core diameter of the single mode optical fiber is as small as about 10 m, the relative positional accuracy of the components of the optical fiber coupling optical system is very small, about 1 ⁇ m or less in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. Strict.
- the surface emitting laser since the surface emitting laser has a small maximum light output, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of the light coupling to the single mode optical fiber in order to obtain the required light output.
- a lens-coupling optical system that satisfies these requirements must have high component fabrication precision and mounting precision, resulting in extremely high manufacturing costs. Therefore, in an optical transmitter module using a long-wavelength surface-emitting laser, the output light of the surface-emitting laser is directly input to a single-mode optical fiber, and a lens-free, low-cost, high-efficiency optical coupling optical system is used. A system is desired.
- bit rate of optical communication has been increased from 2.5 Gbps to 10 Gbps, and an optical transmission module having a surface emitting laser capable of supporting such a bit rate is desired. I have. To this end, it is indispensable to improve the high-frequency characteristics of the module on which the surface emitting laser is mounted, as well as the high speed driving of the surface emitting laser.
- a planar waveguide type wavelength multiplexing optical transmitting / receiving module has been put into practical use as an optical waveguide in wavelength multiplexing optical communication.
- the challenge is to optically couple the optical elements such as the semiconductor laser and the light receiving element to the single-mode planar waveguide formed on the planar waveguide substrate with low loss.
- a coupling system between a waveguide and an optical element is desired.
- an optical receiving module using a planar light receiving element has a relatively large light receiving aperture of about 20 m or more, so that a module using a single mode optical fiber or a single mode planar waveguide is used. Even in this case, the mounting accuracy may be lower than that of the optical transmission module using the surface emitting laser. However, the requirements for high frequency characteristics are the same as for the optical transmission module.
- the optical receiving module using the planar light receiving element should have the same configuration as the optical transmitting module using the above-mentioned surface emitting laser. If the transmitting and receiving modules have the same configuration, it is desirable. , Optical transmission module and optical reception module And the cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 12 shows the structure of a first conventional example of an optical transmission module using a surface emitting laser (see, for example, International Publication WO00Z08729 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-564272) (Patent Document 1)).
- a surface emitting laser 100 is mounted on a positioning plate 102 erected on a wiring board 103 via an insulating film 104, and a light emitting area 101 of the surface emitting laser 100 is perpendicular to an optical axis of an optical fiber 105.
- the optical fiber 105 and the surface emitting laser 100 are fixed by a transparent resin 106.
- the surface emitting laser 100 is electrically connected to the laser driver IC 107 and the wiring substrate 103 by bonding wires 108 and 109.
- the laser driver IC 107 and the wiring board 103 are fixed by a resin 110.
- Such an optical transmission module is an optical fiber coupling optical system having no lens and configured to directly input the output light of the surface emitting laser 100 to the optical fiber 105.
- FIG. 13 shows the structure of a second conventional example of an optical transmission module using a surface emitting laser (see, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-281504 (Patent Document 2)).
- the surface emitting laser 124 is mounted on the electrode 126 formed on the surface of the holder 120 having a surface facing the light emitting region 125 of the surface emitting laser 124 by using a bump 127. Further, a through hole 121 is formed in the holder 120, and an optical fiber 122 is inserted into the through hole 121. The insertion depth of the optical fiber 122 is determined by the length of the optical fiber 122 from which the coating 123 is removed.
- Such an optical transmission module is an optical fiber coupling optical system having no lens and configured to directly input the output light of the surface emitting laser 124 to the optical fiber 122.
- the relative positional accuracy between the laser light and the optical fiber 122 is determined by the mounting accuracy between the surface emitting laser 124 and the holder 120 and the positional accuracy of the through hole 121.
- FIG. 14 shows a structure of a third conventional example of an optical transmission module using a surface emitting laser (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-15459 (Patent Document 3), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-237016 (Patent) See Reference 4)).
- a surface emitting laser for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-15459 (Patent Document 3), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-237016 (Patent) See Reference 4
- a guide hole 134 for inserting the optical fiber 130 is formed on the back surface of the surface emitting laser 132.
- the optical fiber 130 is inserted into the guide hole 134 and fixed by the transparent resin 135.
- the part where the coating 131 of the optical fiber 130 is not stripped is supported. Carried by body 136.
- the electrode 137 of the surface emitting laser 132 is bonded to the electric wiring 138 on the surface of the wiring board 139.
- Such an optical transmission module is an optical fiber coupling optical system that does not have a lens and directly outputs the output light of the surface emitting laser 132 to the optical fiber 130.
- the relative positional accuracy between the laser light and the optical fiber is determined by the positional accuracy of the guide hole 134 with respect to the light emitting region 133 of the surface emitting laser and the positional accuracy of the optical fiber 130.
- surface emitting laser is replaced by “planar light receiving element”
- light emitting area is replaced by “light receiving area”
- laser driver IC is replaced by “amplifier IC”. The same applies to the optical receiving module.
- FIG. 15 shows a structure of a fourth conventional example of an optical module in which an optical element and a planar waveguide are coupled (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-326662 (Patent Document 5) and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-305365). Gazette (see Patent Document 6).
- the planar waveguide substrate 140 on which the planar waveguide 141 is formed is joined to the ceramic substrate 146 by solder 147.
- the optical element 142 is joined to the optical element carrier 144 by solder 147 and is electrically connected to the optical element carrier 144 by bonding wires 145.
- the optical element carrier 144 is joined to the ceramic substrate 146 by solder 147.
- Such an optical module is provided by the positional accuracy of the active region 143 of the optical element 142 with respect to the outer shape of the optical element carrier 144 and the positional accuracy of the planar waveguide substrate 140 bonded to the ceramic substrate 146 and the optical element carrier 144.
- the relative positional accuracy between the optical axis of the optical element 142 and the optical axis of the planar waveguide 141 is determined.
- FIG. 16 shows a structure of a fifth conventional example of an optical module in which an optical element and a planar waveguide are coupled (see Patent Document 5).
- a mirror 155 for converting the optical path by 90 degrees is formed on the planar waveguide substrate 150 on which the planar waveguide 151 is formed.
- the optical element 152 is connected to the planar waveguide substrate 150 by a bump 154 such that the active region 153 is on the planar waveguide substrate 150 side.
- Such an optical module has a shape accuracy of the mirror 155 with respect to the planar waveguide 151 and a positional accuracy of the active region 153 of the optical element 152 with respect to the mirror 155, so that the optical axis of the optical element 152 and the optical axis of the planar waveguide 151 are different.
- the relative position accuracy is determined. Disclosure of the invention
- the optical coupling efficiency greatly depends on a relative displacement between the optical fiber and the optical element, particularly in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.
- this displacement may be about 5 to 10 m, but in the case of a single-mode optical fiber, the displacement is only about 1 ⁇ m.
- the distance is preferably within 50 ⁇ m, more preferably within 20 ⁇ m.
- a relative displacement between the optical fiber and the optical element in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis will be considered particularly for an optical transceiver module using a single mode optical fiber.
- the above-described conventional optical transmission module using a surface emitting laser has the following problems.
- the type of optical fiber such as multimode or single mode is not specified, and the relative positional accuracy between the optical fiber and the surface emitting laser in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis is not considered.
- the relative positional accuracy is basically determined by the manufacturing accuracy of a structure for fixing an optical fiber such as a holder and a surface emitting laser and the mounting accuracy of the surface emitting laser.
- the accuracy of the dimensions and the position of the through hole 121 formed in the holder 120 and the accuracy when the surface emitting laser 124 is mounted on the holder 120 depend on the laser optical axis and the optical fiber 122.
- the relative positional accuracy between them is determined. If the diameter of the through hole 121 is to be made precisely with an error of 1 ⁇ m so as to satisfy the mounting accuracy required when mounting the single mode optical fiber, the manufacturing cost of the holder 120 becomes extremely expensive. Further, it is difficult to make the relative positional accuracy between the center position of the through hole 121 and the center of the light emitting region 125 of the surface emitting laser 124 about 1 ⁇ m.
- the force in which the guide hole 134 for the optical fiber 130 is formed on the back surface of the surface emitting laser 132 In such a configuration, when the optical fiber 130 is mounted, the surface emitting laser 132 , And the reliability of the surface emitting laser 132 deteriorates. Furthermore, the formation of such guide holes 134 causes a decrease in the yield of the surface emitting laser 132 itself. Also, in the thirteenth conventional example, it is clear that a module configuration corresponding to the optical fiber receptacle is disclosed.
- the thirteenth conventional example does not disclose a module structure having excellent high-frequency characteristics.
- a laser driver IC 107 is arranged close to a surface emitting laser 100, and the laser driver IC 107 and the surface emitting laser 100 are connected by bonding wires 108, 109.
- an optical module in which the above-described conventional optical element and a planar waveguide are coupled has the following problems.
- the optical axis of the optical element 142 and the optical axis of the planar waveguide 141 are aligned.
- the relative positional accuracy is determined by the positional accuracy of the active region 143 of the optical element 142 with respect to the outer shape of the optical element carrier 144, and the positional accuracy of the planar waveguide substrate 140 bonded to the ceramic substrate 146 and the optical element carrier 144. Is done. For this reason, the assembly must be performed so that the optical axis deviation is about 5 to 10 m.
- the optical element carrier 144 and the ceramic substrate 146 need to be made of a material such as ceramic which has high mechanical strength and little thermal deformation, and has a dimensional accuracy of 1 ⁇ m.
- the cost of manufacturing is very high because it needs to be about m.
- Waveguide board 1
- the quantity of 50 is reduced, and it becomes more expensive. Also, to change the optical path with mirror 155
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and has been made in consideration of an optical coupling structure for connecting an optical waveguide such as an optical fiber to a planar waveguide, and a surface emitting laser or a planar light emitting device.
- an optical module having an optical element such as a planar light receiving element even in a single mode, an optical module which can increase the optical coupling efficiency at a lower cost than a conventional one without the need for a lens and a method of manufacturing the same The purpose is to provide.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical module having a simple structure and easy mounting, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide an optical module having excellent high-frequency characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same.
- an optical module includes a wiring substrate having an electric wiring formed on at least one surface thereof and a signal light passage portion, and a surface on which the electric wiring is formed.
- the optical element is composed of a surface emitting laser or a planar light receiving element.
- the active region of the optical element is a light emitting region of a surface emitting laser or It means the light receiving area of the planar light receiving element.
- the present invention provides a wiring board having an electric wiring formed on at least one surface, and a planar board mounted on the wiring board such that the active region faces the surface on which the electric wiring is formed.
- An optical module having an optical element and a ferrule holding an optical fiber!
- a hole is formed in the wiring board at a position facing the active region of the optical element, and the hole includes a circle having the same diameter as the outer diameter of the optical fiber centered on the central axis of the active region.
- the optical fiber is formed over a wider range than the circle, and is characterized in that it is inserted into a hole, protruding from the end face of the ferrule of the optical fiber, and optically coupled near the active region.
- the optical element is mounted on one surface of the wiring board, and a hole is formed at a position facing the active region of the optical element on the wiring board.
- the size of this hole is larger than the cross-sectional size of the optical fiber.
- An optical fiber protruding from the ferrule by a certain length is inserted into this hole.
- the protruding length of the optical fiber is determined in consideration of the thickness of the wiring board, the mounting height of the surface of the active area of the optical element from the wiring board, and the mounting distance between the end face of the ferrule where the optical fiber protrudes and the wiring board. Is determined. After the fiber, the optical element, and the wiring board are fixed to each other, the tip of the protruding optical fiber and the active region are optically coupled.
- the distance between the tip of the optical fiber and the active region is preferably within 100 m.
- a through-hole can be easily formed, but it is not necessary to penetrate as long as the above-mentioned interval can be satisfied, so long as the wiring of the wiring board does not hinder optical coupling.
- the above-mentioned interval is particularly preferably within 50 m, more preferably within 20 m, in order to obtain a high optical coupling efficiency, particularly when a single mode optical fiber is used.
- the interval may be 100 m or more when a multimode optical fiber having a large core diameter is used.
- the relative position accuracy between the active region of the optical element and the core of the optical fiber in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical fiber It is determined by the mounting accuracy of the mounted wiring board and the ferrule.
- the present invention provides a wiring board in which electric wiring is formed on at least one surface, and a planar board mounted on the wiring substrate such that the active region faces the surface on which the electric wiring is formed.
- An optical module having an optical element and a ferrule holding an optical fiber!
- the base material of the wiring board has a light-transmitting property with respect to light having a wavelength emitted or received by the optical element, and an opening is formed in the electric wiring at a position facing the active region of the optical element.
- the opening is formed over a range including the circle having the same diameter as the outer diameter of the core of the optical fiber centered on the central axis of the active region, and extending over a larger area than the parenthesis.
- the active region of the optical element is optically coupled.
- the optical element is mounted on one surface of the wiring board, and the electric wiring is provided on the cross section of the core of the optical fiber at the portion of the wiring board facing the active region of the optical element. An opening larger than the size is formed.
- the base material except for the electrical wiring of the wiring board has a substantially light-transmitting property with respect to the light of the wavelength emitted or received by the optical element, and the optical fiber inside the ferrule and the optical element are optically coupled. ing.
- an electric wiring on the back surface of the wiring board an opening facing the core of the optical fiber is formed in this electric wiring in the same manner as described above. In this configuration, the ferrules do not need to have an optical fiber.
- the distance between the tip of the optical fiber and the active region of the optical element is adjusted to be preferably within 100 / zm. It is mounted so that the distance between the optical element and the tip of the optical fiber is within 100 m, and the relative positioning between the active region of the optical element and the core of the optical fiber in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical fiber. If high precision is achieved, high optical coupling efficiency is realized.
- the above-mentioned interval is preferably within 50 m, more preferably within 20 m, in order to obtain high optical coupling efficiency especially when a single mode optical fiber is used.
- the interval may be 100 m or more when a multi-mode optical fiber having a large core diameter is used.
- the thickness of the wiring board is limited to a small thickness in order to realize the above-described interval.
- the present invention provides a wiring board in which electric wiring is formed on at least one surface, and a planar board mounted on the wiring board such that the active region faces the surface on which the electric wiring is formed.
- a hole is formed in the wiring substrate at a position facing the active region of the optical element, and the hole is formed in the active region. It is formed over a wider area than the core of the planar waveguide centered on the central axis, and the planar waveguide end of the planar waveguide substrate and the active region of the optical element are optically coupled. It is characterized.
- the wiring board may be formed using a flexible dielectric such as a polymer as a base material.
- the wiring board is bent at a portion other than the portion where the optical element is mounted, and it is preferable that a part of the surface of the wiring board is substantially parallel to the optical axis of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide.
- the surface of the terminal portion of the wiring board is substantially parallel to the optical axis of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide.
- a flexible dielectric is used as the substrate of the wiring board, and the wiring board on which the optical element is mounted is bent in the middle so that the optical axis of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide is parallel to the wiring board at the end of the optical module.
- Configuration can be realized.
- flexible wiring boards based on polymers are widely used in applications such as mobile phones, and are very inexpensive boards. By using such wiring boards, inexpensive modules can be realized. There are also benefits.
- a wiring for transmitting a high-frequency signal among electric wirings forms a coplanar line or a microstrip line.
- the coplanar line and the microstrip line are lines suitable for confining high frequencies inside the dielectric of the board, and can suppress line loss by suppressing high-frequency radiation accompanying bending of the wiring board. Further, the coplanar line and the microstrip line are suitable as a high-frequency line because high-frequency reflection can be suppressed if the wiring width and the like are appropriately designed.
- the coplanar line or the microstrip line is opposed to another electric wiring with a dielectric interposed therebetween.
- this electrical wiring is formed on the back side of the substrate.
- the optical fiber protrudes from the end face of the ferrule on the optical element side by a length of 200 m or less. It is characterized by having.
- the ferrule can be used for applications other than the optical module described above.
- a conventional ferrule there is a ferrule having an optical fiber protruding length of about lmm or more and used as a fiber stub for fiber coupling of an optical module. This requires fixing the ferrule and fixing the protruding end of the optical fiber at the position where the optical coupling is performed.Therefore, the flexibility of the optical fiber is necessary to fix it at these two locations.
- the projection length of the optical fiber was required to be about 1 mm or more.
- the ferrule of the present invention which is desired to have no flexibility, has a projection length of the optical fiber of 200 m or less. In this case, since the optical fiber can be fixed by fixing the ferrule, it can be easily used for direct coupling between the optical fiber and the optical element.
- At least an end of the optical waveguide of the optical module having the optical waveguide and the planar optical element opposite to the optical element has a wavelength that transmits the optical element.
- the observation light applied to the ferrule or the planar waveguide substrate propagates so that the intensity distribution in the core of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide is maximized, and the optical fiber or the planar waveguide is The tip of the side closer to the optical element is transmitted and then passes through the optical element.
- the core of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide becomes the spot pattern of the light with the highest center intensity, and the cladding of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide has the lower intensity than the core.
- the active region of the optical element can be observed as an electrode pattern, for example, a circular electrode opening pattern for emitting laser light.
- This method has a mounting accuracy substantially equivalent to that of conventional active alignment, in which a laser is emitted and the amount of light emitted from a single-mode optical fiber coupled to the laser is monitored and mounted, that is, an error of 1 ⁇ m.
- the following mounting accuracy can be obtained
- the configuration of the thirteenth conventional example is, in consideration of the current state of the art, a force that is limited from practical mounting accuracy to application to an optical module using a multi-mode optical fiber.
- the optical module using a single mode optical fiber can have a satisfactory high mounting accuracy and a high optical coupling efficiency.
- the optical module of the present invention uses the ferrule, it corresponds to the configuration of the optical fiber receptacle. Processing of parts such as a holder in the present invention does not need to be so precise, but relatively strictness is required. The only accuracy that is required is the accuracy of the protruding length of the tip of the optical fiber from the ferrule. About ⁇ 10 m is sufficient. This is because the optical coupling efficiency has a large allowable range for displacement in the optical axis direction of the fiber even in the case of single mode optical fiber coupling.
- the configuration of the conventional example of No. 415 is limited to the application to the optical receiving module using the planar light receiving element from the viewpoint of practical mounting and assembly accuracy in consideration of the current technical level. According to the invention, a high and satisfactory mounting and assembling accuracy and a high optical coupling efficiency can be obtained even with an optical transmission module using a surface emitting laser.
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical module having at least an optical fiber or a planar waveguide and a planar optical element, the end of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide opposite to the optical element.
- the optical fiber or the planar waveguide is irradiated on the optical fiber or planar waveguide in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical fiber or the planar waveguide using the observation light transmitted through the optical element. And adjusting the relative position of the optical element.
- the optical fiber may be a fiber cable that does not need to be embedded in the ferrule. Even with this method, mounting accuracy substantially equal to that of the conventional active alignment, that is, mounting accuracy with an error of about 1 IX m or less can be obtained, and it is easy to use with a simple configuration that does not require the emission of an optical element (laser). High precision mounting .
- the high frequency characteristics of the optical module since the optical element is directly mounted on the wiring board by the flip chip, it is possible to apply a wiring design excellent in the high frequency characteristics.
- the high-frequency signal line connecting the optical element and the IC can be a microstrip line / coplanar line with low high-frequency loss and low reflection.
- the present invention high optical coupling efficiency can be easily realized even in a configuration using a single mode optical fiber. Further, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to particularly perform processing higher than usual for components such as holders used for mounting optical components, and the number of components is small, so that manufacturing costs can be reduced. it can. Further, according to the present invention, since the ferrule is used, it corresponds to the configuration of the optical fiber receptacle. Further, the present invention has a structure excellent in high frequency characteristics.
- high optical coupling efficiency can be easily realized even in a configuration using a planar waveguide.
- a high-precision and expensive optical element carrier and a ceramic substrate which were necessary for optically coupling a conventional optical element and a planar waveguide, are no longer necessary, and there is also a place where the optical element is mounted on the planar waveguide substrate. Since it becomes unnecessary, manufacturing costs can be reduced. Further, the structure is also excellent in high frequency characteristics.
- the active region of the optical element and the optical fiber or the planar waveguide can be connected. High relative accuracy can be obtained in relative positioning.
- the wiring board on which the optical element is mounted is made flexible, the optical axis of an optical waveguide such as an optical fiber or a planar waveguide can be held in parallel with the wiring board at the end of the optical module. Therefore, the optical module can be easily used in many applications.
- flexible wiring boards based on polymers are widely used in applications such as mobile phones, and are very inexpensive wiring boards. By using such a board, an inexpensive module is realized. be able to. In the area where the wiring board is bent, deterioration of the high frequency characteristics can be suppressed by using a microstrip line configuration ⁇ a coplanar line configuration or the like.
- the optical coupling efficiency can be improved without using a lens regardless of whether a single mode optical fiber or a multimode optical fiber is used.
- the optical module has a simple structure, is easy to mount, is compatible with an optical fiber receptacle configuration, and has an excellent high-frequency characteristic.
- the present invention can be applied to an optical transmission module using a light emitting element such as a surface emitting laser and an optical receiving module using a light receiving element such as a planar light receiving element.
- a light emitting element such as a surface emitting laser
- an optical receiving module using a light receiving element such as a planar light receiving element.
- the optical transmission module and the optical reception module are configured based on the present invention and the basic configurations of the two are made the same, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the optical module according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2A is an explanatory diagram showing a manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2B is an explanatory view showing the manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2C is an explanatory view showing the manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2D is an explanatory view showing the manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2E is an explanatory view showing the manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a manufacturing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 8B is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 8C is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a first conventional example.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of a second conventional example.
- FIG. 14 is a sectional view showing a structure of a third conventional example.
- FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a structure of a fourth conventional example.
- FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing a structure of a fifth conventional example.
- an optical transmission module having a single-mode optical fiber as an optical waveguide and having a 1.3 m band surface emitting laser will be described.
- an optical transmission module having a single-mode planar waveguide as an optical waveguide and having a 1.3 m band surface emitting laser will be described. Further, in the eighteenth embodiment, the same components are given the same names and reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an optical fiber coupling structure of an optical transmission module having a surface emitting laser according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This figure shows a cross section taken along a plane passing through the optical axis of the optical fiber 2 at the center of the ferrule 1, that is, the central axis of the core 3 of the optical fiber 2.
- a 100 m-thick wiring board 10 composed of a back surface electric wiring 7, a dielectric base material 8 and a front surface electric wiring 9 has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the optical fiber 2 (125 m).
- the back surface electric wiring 7 is not always necessary.
- a 1.3 m-band surface emitting laser 12, which is a planar optical element, is flip-chip mounted on the wiring board 10 using a solder bump 14 having a thickness of about 20 m.
- the light emitting region (active region) 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 faces the through hole 11.
- the back surface of the wiring board 10 is fixed to a holder 5 formed of a metal resin or the like by a resin 15.
- the holder 5 is provided with a through hole 5a which faces the through hole 11 of the wiring board 10 and has a larger diameter than the through hole 11.
- the ferrule 1 is inserted into the through hole 5a, and is fixed by the resin 6.
- the end face of the ferrule 1 and the end face of the holder 5 are located in the same plane, and only the tip 4 of the optical fiber 2 enters the through hole 11 of the wiring board 10.
- the distance between the tip 4 of the fiber 2 and the surface of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 is about m.
- the central axis of the through-hole 11 substantially coincides with the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12. That is, assuming that the through hole 11 is drawn on the wiring board 2 as a circle having the same diameter as the outer diameter of the optical fiber 2 around the center axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 in the completed state of the optical transmission module. It is formed over a range that includes and includes the circle.
- the central axis of the core 3 of the optical fiber 2 matches the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 with an accuracy within ⁇ 1 m.
- the rear end of the ferrule 1 can be coupled to a receptacle holder via a split sleeve, and by inserting a ferrule including another optical fiber into the receptacle holder, another ferrule is inserted.
- a transmission path can be formed by coupling with an optical fiber.
- the ferrule 1 is fixed in the through hole 5a of the holder 5 using the resin 6 (Step Sl).
- the distal end of the optical fiber 2 is made to protrude from the end face of the ferrule 1 by 100 m, and the end face of the ferrule 1 and the end face of the holder 5 are fixed so as to be located in the same plane.
- a surface emitting laser 12 in the 1.3 / zm band is mounted on the wiring board 10 having the through hole 11 formed thereon using the bump 14 (step S2).
- the positional accuracy within the surface of the wiring board 10 when mounting the surface emitting laser 12 is sufficient if the error is within several meters.
- the wiring board 10 is fixed to the holder 5 to which the ferrule 1 is fixed by using a resin 15.
- the central axis of the tip 4 of the optical fiber 2, that is, the central axis of the core 3 of the optical fiber 2, and the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 are aligned with the surface of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12. In the vicinity, it is necessary to implement them so that they match with an accuracy of within ⁇ 1 m. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- infrared light 16 is irradiated as observation light from the side opposite to the tip 4 of the ferrule 1, and the surface emitting laser 12 is irradiated.
- the transmitted light pattern is also observed with the CCD camera 18 connected to the microscope (step S3).
- the wiring board 10 on which the surface emitting laser 12 is mounted is moved using the mounting holder 17.
- the infrared light 16 has a wavelength long enough to transmit the surface emitting laser 12 and the like, and has a wavelength that is sensitive to the CCD camera 18.
- FIGS. 2D and E As shown in FIG.
- FIG. 2D shows a state where the mounting position is not properly adjusted
- FIG. 2E shows a state where the mounting position is correctly adjusted.
- the entire end face of the optical fiber 2 appears bright, and in particular, the core 3 appears to shine strongly as a light spot.
- the electrode 19 of the surface emitting laser 12 can be observed as a shadow, and the electrode opening 20 for laser output can be observed as a hole.
- Step S4 mount so that the center of the core 3 (diameter 10 ⁇ m) of the optical fiber 2 and the center of the electrode opening 20 (for example, diameter 8 m) of the surface emitting laser 12 coincide in the imaging screen.
- the wiring board 10 is moved by the holder 17 (Step S4).
- the mounting holder 17 is stopped, the wiring board 10 is brought into close contact with the holder 5, and the resin 15 is heated and cured (Step S5).
- the optical transmission module having the structure shown in FIG. 1 is completed.
- the center of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 and the center of the core 3 of the optical fiber 2 coincide with an error of ⁇ 1 m or less.
- Optical coupling is realized.
- the optical fiber coupling loss is almost the same as that of the active alignment in which the laser is emitted and the optical fiber that is optically coupled with the laser is three-dimensionally positioned. It can be easily realized by two-dimensional (within one plane) positioning without emitting light.
- step S2 of mounting the surface emitting laser 12 on the wiring board 10 the wiring board 10 is mounted on the holder 5 to which the ferrule 1 is fixed.
- Steps for S3—S5 Performing Force These orders may be changed. That is, step S3 for mounting the surface emitting laser 12 on the wiring substrate 10 may be performed after steps S3 to S5 for mounting the wiring substrate 10 on the holder 5 to which the ferrule 1 is fixed.
- the relative positioning between the surface emitting laser 12 and the core 3 of the optical fiber 2 is determined by irradiating the observation light (such as infrared light 16) illuminating the ferrule 1 with the optical fiber 2
- the surface emitting laser 12 is observed while observing in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the wiring board.
- FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the optical transmission module of the present embodiment can be bent as shown by using a flexible base material such as a polymer as the dielectric base material 8 constituting the wiring board 10. That is, the wiring board 10 of the optical transmission module of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a bent portion 21 and a board area 22 where the wiring board 10 is substantially parallel to the optical fiber optical axis are added. .
- the optical axis of the optical fiber 2 and the connection wiring provided at the end of the optical transmission module can be substantially parallelized. Thereby, the optical transmission module of the present embodiment can be easily connected to a circuit board (not shown) on which the optical communication module is mounted.
- a device configuration in which the optical axis of the optical fiber 2 is parallel to the circuit board has been widely used conventionally, and the structure of the present embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is easily applicable to such a device.
- the bent portion 21 may be bent gently with a constant radius of curvature, for example. Such a configuration is preferable because the wiring is less likely to be torn by bending as compared to a configuration having a bent portion.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description is omitted.
- FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
- This embodiment has a configuration in which a driver IC 23 for driving the surface emitting laser 12 is mounted on a substrate region 22 of the wiring substrate 10 of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the first and second embodiments, and the description is omitted.
- FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the first to thirteenth embodiments, and thus the description is omitted.
- FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the surface-emitting laser 12 is driven on the portion of the wiring board 10 fixed to the holder 5.
- the driver IC 23 is mounted using bumps 24.
- the wiring board 10 has a configuration in which the wiring board 10 reaches a board area 22 which is an end of the optical transmission module via a plurality of bent portions 21. In this configuration, the terminal substrate region 22 and the optical axis of the optical fiber 2 are parallel and have the same height.
- the other configuration is the same as that of the first to fourteenth embodiments, and thus the description is omitted.
- the flexible wiring board 10 is provided.
- the optical module the optical coupling efficiency is high with a simple configuration.
- an effect is obtained that can easily cope with various device configurations.
- the surface electrical wiring 9 of the wiring board 10 at the bent portion 21 is a wiring that has a small amount of high-frequency radiation loss and reflection due to bending, particularly when high-frequency signals pass through.
- 8A to 8C illustrate a cross-sectional structure of the bent portion 21 of the wiring board 10 according to the present invention. These cross-sectional views are cut along the line AA in FIG.
- a microstrip line including a front surface signal line 30 and a back surface ground line 31 opposed to each other with the dielectric substrate 8 interposed therebetween is configured. Most of the high-frequency electromagnetic field is confined inside the dielectric substrate 8, so that high-frequency radiation loss due to bending is suppressed.
- the power supply line 32 and the low-frequency signal wiring 33 do not need to have the same configuration as the surface signal wiring 30 and the back ground line 31.
- the front surface signal wiring 30, the power supply line 32, and the low frequency signal wiring 33 constitute the front surface electric wiring 9 shown in FIG. 17 and the back surface ground line 31 forms the back surface electric wiring 7.
- a signal wiring 34 and two ground lines 35 sandwiching the signal wiring 34 are arranged on the surface side of the dielectric base material 8 as high-frequency signal lines, and these form a coplanar line. I have. Most of the high-frequency electromagnetic field is confined inside the dielectric substrate 8, so that high-frequency radiation loss due to bending is suppressed.
- the power supply line 32 and the low-frequency signal wiring 33 need not have such a configuration. Note that, in this example, the signal wiring 34, the ground line 35, the power supply line 32, and the low-frequency signal wiring 33 constitute the front electric wiring 9 shown in FIG. 17 and the rear electric wiring 7 does not exist.
- the signal wiring 34 shown in FIG. A rear planar line 36 is arranged on the rear surface side of the dielectric substrate 8 so as to face the coplanar line composed of the lead line 35, thereby forming a coplanar line.
- Most of the high-frequency electromagnetic field is confined inside the dielectric substrate 8, so that high-frequency radiation loss due to bending is suppressed.
- the power supply line 32 and the low-frequency signal wiring 33 need not have such a configuration.
- the signal wiring 34, the ground wiring 35, the power supply wiring 32, and the low-frequency signal wiring 33 constitute the front electric wiring 9 shown in FIG. 17 and the back ground wiring 36 forms the back electric wiring 7. I do.
- the back ground electrodes 31, 36 formed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 8 face the wiring formed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 8. Since it has a configuration, it is particularly effective in suppressing high-frequency radiation loss due to bending in which the high-frequency electromagnetic field is strongly confined inside the dielectric substrate 8.
- the configuration for suppressing the high-frequency radiation loss has been described with reference to FIGS. 8A to 8C.
- the microstrip line and the coplanar line originally have a low-loss and low-reflection high-frequency in a flat wiring structure. It is designed as a line, and by applying this design, a wiring structure with less high-frequency loss and reflection due to bending can be achieved.
- FIG. 9 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- the tip of the optical fiber 2 is located on the same plane as the end face of the ferrule 1 and the end face of the holder 5.
- the wiring board 40 (thickness: 40 ⁇ m) is composed of a back surface electric wiring 37, a dielectric base material 38, and a front surface electric wiring 39, and the dielectric base material 38 has a property of transmitting laser light. are doing.
- the backside electrical wiring 37 is not always necessary.
- the back surface electric wiring 37 and the front surface electric wiring 39 are formed with openings 41 and 42 each having a diameter of 200 ⁇ m larger than the diameter (125 ⁇ m) of the optical fiber 2.
- the surface emitting laser 12 in the 1.3 / zm band is flip-chip mounted on a wiring board 40 using a solder bump 14 having a thickness of about 20 m.
- the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 faces the wiring substrate 40.
- the back surface of the wiring board 40 is fixed to the holder 5 with a resin 15.
- the distance between the tip 4 of the optical fiber 2 and the surface of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 is about 60 / zm.
- the central axes of the apertures 41 and 42 substantially coincide with the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12.
- the openings 41 and 42 are Assuming that a circle having the same diameter as the outer diameter of the optical fiber 2 is drawn around the center axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 in the completed state of the module, the circle includes this circle and is wider and wider than the circle. They are formed.
- the center axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 and the center axis of the core 3 of the optical fiber 2 are mounted so as to coincide with an accuracy of ⁇ 1 m or less.
- the openings 41, 42 are formed in the electric wirings 37, 39, but the electric wirings 37, 39 are fine wiring patterns, and the electric wirings 37, 39 are patterned so as to avoid the area facing the optical fiber.
- the configuration in which the openings are formed is also included in the opening of the present embodiment.
- the openings 41 and 42 do not necessarily have to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the optical fiber 2, and may have a diameter larger than the diameter of the core 3 of the optical fiber 2.
- the first to sixth embodiments high optical coupling efficiency can be easily realized even with a configuration using a single mode optical fiber.
- the number of components that require higher processing accuracy than usual for components such as holders used for mounting optical components is particularly small, the manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
- the ferrule since the ferrule is used, it corresponds to the configuration of the optical fiber receptacle. Further, the high frequency characteristics have an excellent structure.
- no lens is provided, regardless of whether a single-mode optical fiber or a multi-mode optical fiber is used, and the optical coupling efficiency is reduced by the configuration.
- An optical module that is simple in height and easy to mount, is compatible with the optical fiber receptacle configuration, and has excellent high-frequency characteristics can be realized.
- FIG. 10 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view of an optical transmission module having a planar waveguide coupling structure and a surface emitting laser 12.
- a through-hole 11 having a diameter of 80 m, which is larger than the core 52 of the optical waveguide, is formed on a wiring board 10 having a thickness of 40 m, which is composed of a dielectric substrate 8 and a surface electric wiring 9.
- a 1.3 m band surface emitting laser 12, which is a planar optical element, is flip-chip mounted on the wiring board 10 using a solder bump 14 having a thickness of about 20 / zm.
- the light emitting region (active region) 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 faces the through hole 11.
- the back surface of the wiring board 10 is covered with a resin 15 Has been fixed by.
- the central axis of the through-hole 11 substantially coincides with the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12.
- the central axis of the core 52 of the planar waveguide 51 coincides with the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 with an accuracy within ⁇ 1 m.
- the dielectric substrate 8 constituting the wiring board 10 is made of a flexible base material such as a polymer so that it is bent as shown in FIG.
- the region is fixed by a resin 54, and a driver IC 23 for driving the surface emitting laser 12 is mounted on the substrate region 22 by using a bump 24.
- FIG. 11 shows an eighth embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view of an optical transmission module having a planar waveguide coupling structure and a surface emitting laser 12 different from the seventh embodiment.
- the wiring board 40 (thickness 40 m) is composed of a dielectric base material 38 and surface electric wiring 39,
- Reference numeral 38 has a property of transmitting laser light.
- the surface emitting laser 12 of the band is flip-chip mounted on a wiring board 40 using a solder bump 14 having a thickness of about 20 / zm.
- the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 faces the wiring substrate 40.
- the back surface of the wiring substrate 40 is fixed to the planar waveguide substrate 50 with the resin 15.
- the central axis of the opening 42 substantially coincides with the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12.
- the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 and the central axis of the core 52 of the planar waveguide 51 match with an accuracy within ⁇ 1 m.
- the other configuration is the same as in the seventh embodiment, and a description thereof will not be repeated.
- the main part of the method for manufacturing the optical module including the planar waveguide shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is substantially the same as the method for manufacturing the optical module including the optical fiber shown in the flowchart in FIG. Briefly, a planar waveguide 51 is formed on a planar waveguide substrate 50 in advance. Next, the surface emitting laser 12 is mounted on the wiring substrates 10 and 40 having the through holes 11 and 42 formed thereon using the bumps 14, and the wiring substrates 10 and 40 are mounted on the planar waveguide substrate 50 using the resin 15. Fix it.
- the planar waveguide substrate 50 is irradiated with, for example, infrared light as observation light from the opposite side of the resin application surface, and the surface emitting laser 12 Observe the transmitted light pattern on the back side with a CCD camera connected to a microscope.
- the central axis of the planar waveguide 51 that is, the central axis of the core 52 of the planar waveguide 51, and the central axis of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12 are set near the surface of the light emitting region 13 of the surface emitting laser 12. Mount the wiring boards 10 and 40 so that they match with an accuracy of ⁇ 1 m or less.
- the wiring substrates 10 and 40 are brought into close contact with the planar waveguide substrate 50.
- the resin 15 is cured by heating.
- the driver IC 23 is mounted on the wiring boards 10 and 40 via the bumps 24, and the wiring boards 10 and 40 and the planar waveguide board 50 are fixed to the board 53 by the resin 54.
- an optical module having a structure as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is completed.
- the driver IC 23 may be attached to the wiring boards 10 and 40 via the bumps 24 before the wiring boards 10 and 40 are bonded to the planar waveguide board 50.
- high optical coupling efficiency can be easily realized even with a configuration using a planar waveguide.
- the optical fiber 2 or the planar waveguide 51 used in the first to eighteenth embodiments described above is a single mode optical fiber or a single mode planar waveguide.
- the present invention is not limited to such a configuration.
- a configuration using a multimode optical fiber or a multimode planar waveguide may be used.
- the relative positional accuracy of the optical fiber 2 or the planar waveguide 51 and the surface emitting laser 12 in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis may have an error of about 10 m, so that mounting can be performed more easily.
- the wavelength band of the surface emitting laser 12 is not limited, and a surface emitting laser that outputs laser light in various wavelength bands can be used.
- an optical receiving module including a planar light receiving element instead of a surface emitting laser and an amplifier IC instead of a laser driver IC has a configuration substantially similar to that of the above-described first to eighteenth embodiments. By doing so, substantially the same operation and effect can be obtained. That is, the present invention is not limited to the optical transmission module, but covers an entire optical module including the optical reception module.
- an optical module having the above-described effects is manufactured. In doing so, high accuracy is obtained in the relative positioning between the active region of the optical element and the optical fiber or the planar waveguide.
- the wiring board on which the optical element is mounted is made flexible, the optical axis of an optical waveguide such as an optical fiber or a planar waveguide can be held in parallel with the wiring board at the end of the optical module. Therefore, the optical module can be easily used in many applications.
- flexible wiring boards based on polymers are widely used in applications such as mobile phones, and are very inexpensive wiring boards. By using such a board, an inexpensive module is realized. be able to. In the area where the wiring board is bent, the deterioration of the high frequency characteristics can be suppressed by using a microstrip line configuration ⁇ ⁇ a coplanar line configuration or the like.
- the present invention can be applied to an optical transmission module using a light emitting element such as a surface emitting laser and an optical receiving module using a light receiving element such as a planar light receiving element.
- the wavelength of the light used is not particularly limited. In this way, when the optical transmission module and the optical reception module are configured based on the present invention and the basic configurations of the two are the same, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
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Abstract
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JP2009053279A (ja) * | 2007-08-23 | 2009-03-12 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 光モジュール |
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JP2014089395A (ja) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-15 | Kyocera Corp | 光装置用基板および光装置 |
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JP2016001246A (ja) * | 2014-06-11 | 2016-01-07 | オリンパス株式会社 | 光伝送モジュール、および光伝送モジュールの製造方法 |
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