WO2005056603A1 - 細胞死誘導剤 - Google Patents
細胞死誘導剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005056603A1 WO2005056603A1 PCT/JP2004/018501 JP2004018501W WO2005056603A1 WO 2005056603 A1 WO2005056603 A1 WO 2005056603A1 JP 2004018501 W JP2004018501 W JP 2004018501W WO 2005056603 A1 WO2005056603 A1 WO 2005056603A1
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/60—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments
- C07K2317/62—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by non-natural combinations of immunoglobulin fragments comprising only variable region components
- C07K2317/622—Single chain antibody (scFv)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
- C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
- C07K2317/73—Inducing cell death, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis or inhibition of cell proliferation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to sc (Fv) 2, an antibody that recognizes HLA.
- the HLA class I antigen is formed by a 45KD ⁇ -chain composed of three domains ( ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, a3) and a 12KD ⁇ 2-microglobulin heterodimer.
- the major role of the HLA molecule is to present CD8 + T cells with an antigenic peptide made of about 8-10 amino acids, which are produced in the cells, and the immune response and tolerance induced by this are It plays a very important role.
- Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 There is a report that growth is suppressed (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2). In addition, it has been reported that two kinds of antibodies against one domain, MoAb90 and YTH862, induce apoptosis on activated lymphocytes (Non-Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4).
- Non-Patent Document 4 Apoptosis induced by these two antibodies has been shown to be a caspase-mediated response (Non-Patent Document 4), indicating that HLA class IA antigen expressed on lymphocytes is a signaling pathway for apoptosis. It is speculated that they are also involved.
- Non-patent Document 6 Antibody RE2 against ⁇ 2 domain of HLA class IA (Non-patent Document 6) has also been reported to induce cell death in activated lymphocytes and the like. However, unlike the aforementioned apoptosis-inducing antibodies MoAb90 and 862, cell death induced by these antibodies has not been shown to be mediated by caspases. This suggests that cell death due to 5H7 or RE2 is a completely different type of cell death from the previously known mechanism of apoptosis. Has been measured.
- the 2D7 antibody is a mouse monoclonal antibody obtained by immunizing Balb / c mice with human myeloma cells (Non-Patent Document 7). Until now, it has been confirmed that the 2D7 antibody binds to the cell surface of various lymphoid tumor cells with high ⁇ properties, but if the 2D7 antibody recognizes an antigen that is recognized, Did not.
- Non-patent document 2 Genestier et al., Blood 90: 3629-3639 (1997)
- Non-Patent Document 3 Genestier et al, Blood 90: 726-735 (1997)
- Non-Patent Document 4 Genestier et al., J. Biol. Chem. 273: 5060-5066 (1998)
- Non-Patent Document 5 Woodle et al., J. Immunol. 158: 2156-2164 (1997)
- Non-Patent Document 6 Matsuoka et al., J. Exp.Med. 181: 2007-2015 (1995)
- Non-Patent Document 7 Goto, et al. Blood 84: 1922 (1994)
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an antibody that recognizes HLA class IA, has high cell death-inducing activity, and has excellent blood stability. It is in. More specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide an antibody characterized by being a single-chain polypeptide comprising two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions and having a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding activity.
- HLA human leukocyte antigen
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in order to solve the above problems.
- the 2D7 antibody is a mouse antibody obtained by immunizing a patient-derived leukemia by the Tokushima University first internal medicine group.
- the present inventors have found that the 2D7 antibody is raised on the cell surface of various lymphoid tumor cells. They found that they bind with high properties and recognize the 2D7 antibody activity LA-A, and filed a patent application (WO2004 / 033499). It has also been found that when a low-molecular-weight antibody such as a diabody is used as an anti-HLA antibody, the cell death-inducing activity increases (WO2004 / 033499).
- the present inventors have further studied in order to increase the activity of the antibody, and as a result, have found that sc (Fv) 2 has high blood stability while maintaining very excellent activity. .
- the heavy chain variable region sequence (VH) and the light chain variable region sequence (VL) of the 2D7 antibody were connected by a 15-mer linker so that they were arranged in a VH-VL-VH-VL sequence.
- a DNA expression vector encoding 2D7sc (Fv) 2 was constructed, and the vector was introduced into CHO cells to establish a cell line expressing 2D7sc (Fv) 2.
- 2D7sc (Fv) 2 expressed in the cell line was purified and subjected to a cell death induction experiment, 2D7sc (Fv) 2 had a very excellent activity of inducing cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, it was revealed that it had high blood stability. Furthermore, in order to examine the blood stability of 2D7sc (Fv) 2, the change in blood concentration in mice was analyzed. As a result, it was found that the blood elimination time was significantly prolonged as compared to 2D7diabody. From this, it became clear that 2D7sc (Fv) 2 is a low-molecular antibody having high cell death-inducing activity and cell growth-suppressing activity, and also excellent in blood stability.
- the present invention relates to an antibody comprising two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions and being a single-chain polypeptide having a binding activity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), The following [1]-[28] are provided.
- HLA human leukocyte antigen
- An antibody comprising a single heavy chain polypeptide comprising two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions, and having a binding activity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA).
- HLA human leukocyte antigen
- the two heavy chain variable regions and the two light chain variable regions are composed of a heavy chain variable region, a light chain variable region, a heavy chain variable region, and a light chain variable region starting from the N-terminal side of the single-chain polypeptide.
- sc (Fv) 2 comprising a heavy chain variable region having CDR1, 2, 3 having the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 3, 4, 5.
- sc (Fv) 2 comprising a light chain variable region having CDRs 1, 2, and 3 having the amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, and 8.
- sc (Fv) 2 comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.
- sc (Fv) 2 comprising a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
- sc (Fv) 2 comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 and a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
- one or more amino acids are substituted, deleted, added and Z or inserted in the amino acid sequence according to any one of (8)-(15), and Sc (Fv) 2 having the same activity as the above antibody.
- [21] A method for producing the antibody according to any one of [1] to [16], comprising the following steps.
- a cell death inducer comprising the antibody according to any one of [1] to [16] as an active ingredient.
- the cell death-inducing agent according to [23] which is an activated B cell or activated T cell.
- a cell growth inhibitor comprising the antibody according to any one of [1] to [16] as an active ingredient.
- an antitumor agent comprising the antibody of any one of [1] to [16] as an active ingredient; [27] the antitumor agent of [26], wherein the tumor is a hematological tumor;
- a therapeutic agent for an autoimmune disease comprising the antibody according to any one of [1] to [16] as an active ingredient.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing the structure of a 2D7 low molecular weight antibody.
- Figure 1A shows the 2D7diabody
- Diabody (HL5) is formed by non-covalent dimerization of a heavy chain variable region (VH) and a light chain variable region (VL) connected by a 5-mer linker.
- Figure 1B shows the sc (Fv) 2 type, which is internally folded by connecting two pairs of VH and VL to a single strand with a 15-mer linker, as shown in B. Form a simple structure.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a base sequence and an amino acid sequence of 2D7sc (Fv) 2. Italic bold letters indicate the signal sequence of the heavy chain variable region, the underlined sequences indicate the linker region (15mer), and the C-terminal bold characters indicate the Flag tag region.
- the base sequence enclosed in the frame indicates the cleavage sites of the restriction enzymes EcoRI, BamHI, and Notl from the 5 'side.
- FIG. 3 is a chart showing a chart comparison between 2D7 diabody and 2D7 sc (Fv) 2 at the time of gel filtration chromatography purification.
- (1) shows a gel filtration chromatogram elution chart of 2D7 sc (Fv) 2
- (2) shows a gel filtration chromatogram elution chart of 2D7 diabody.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a comparison of cell death inducing activities of 2D7 diabody and 2D7 sc (Fv) 2 in vitro.
- FIG. 5 is a view showing a comparison of the cell growth inhibitory activities of 2D7 diabody and 2D7 sc (Fv) 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing changes in the radioactivity concentration of the TCA precipitated fraction in plasma after a single intravenous administration of radiolabeled 2D7sc (Fv) 2 and radiolabeled 2D7diabody (HL5) to mice.
- the present invention provides an antibody, which is a single-chain polypeptide comprising two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions, and having a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) binding activity. I do.
- the antibody of the present invention is useful in that the activity is increased.
- the activity refers to a biological action caused by binding of an antibody to an antigen. Specific examples include cell death inducing action, apoptosis inducing action, cell growth inhibitory action, cell differentiation inhibitory action, cell division inhibitory action, cell proliferation inducing action, cell differentiation inducing action, cell division inducing action, cell cycle Although a regulatory action and the like can be mentioned, a cell death inducing action and a cell growth inhibitory action are preferred.
- Cells targeted for the above-mentioned actions are not particularly limited, but blood cells and floating cells are preferred.
- blood cells include lymphocytes (B cells and T cells), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes (preferably activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells). mononuclear cells, PBMC)), myeloma cells, etc., lymphocytes (B cells, T cells), T cells or B cells favored by myeloma cells (especially activated B cells or activated cells) T cells) are most preferred.
- Suspended cells are cells that proliferate in suspension when the cells are cultured, so that the cells do not adhere to the surface of a glass or plastic incubator.
- adherent cells adherent cells are cells that adhere to the surface of an incubator such as glass or plastic when cells are cultured.
- Whether or not the antibody of the present invention induces cell death on floating cells can be determined based on whether or not it has the ability to induce cell death on Jurkat cells or ARH77 cells. Whether or not to induce cell death on adherent cells can be determined based on whether or not to induce cell death in HeLa cells (WO2004 / 033499).
- the present invention is characterized in that the polypeptide is a single-chain polypeptide comprising the above two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions and having a binding activity to human leukocyte antigen (HLA).
- HLA human leukocyte antigen
- tumors such as hematologic malignancies (hematopoietic malignancies), such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, malignant lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, Tumors, multiple myeloma, and macroglobulinemia), myeloproliferative disorders (e.g., polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, idiopathic myelofibrosis), and autoimmune diseases (specifically, rheumatism).
- hematopoietic malignancies such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, malignant lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukemia, Tumors, multiple myeloma, and macroglobulinemia
- HLA means human leukocyte antigen.
- HLA molecules are classified into classl and classll.
- Classl is known to be HLA-A, B, C, E, F, G, H, J, etc.
- Classl is known to be HLA-DR, DQ, DP, etc. Have been.
- the antigen recognized by the antibody of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an HLA molecule, but is preferably a molecule classified into class 1, and more preferably HLA-A.
- the antibody of the present invention preferably has two heavy chain variable regions and two light chain variable regions.
- the heavy chain variable region, the light chain variable region, and the heavy chain variable region are based on the N-terminal side of the single-chain polypeptide.
- sc (Fv) 2 can be exemplified as such an antibody.
- sc (Fv) 2 is an antibody in which two heavy chain variable regions ([VH]) and two light chain variable regions ([VL]) are linked to each other with a linker or the like to form a single-chain polypeptide.
- 0 sc (Fv) 2 is, for example, two scFv (single chain Fv) (Huston, JS et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1988) 85, 5879— 5883,
- the order of the two heavy chain variable regions and the two light chain variable regions to be linked is not particularly limited, and may be arranged in any order, for example, the following arrangement.
- sc (Fv) 2 having the arrangement of [VH] linker-1 [VL] linker-1 [VH] linker-1 [VL] is preferred.
- the amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region or light chain variable region may be substituted, deleted, added, Z- or inserted. Furthermore, when the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are associated, a portion may be deleted or another polypeptide may be added as long as it has antigen-binding activity. Further, the variable region may be chimerized or humanized.
- a linker that binds to the variable region of an antibody may be any peptide linker or synthetic compound linker that can be introduced by genetic engineering, for example, Protein
- a preferred linker is a peptide linker.
- the length of the peptide linker is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art according to the purpose. Usually, the length is 1 to 100 amino acids, preferably 3 to 50 amino acids, and more preferably 5 to 30 amino acids. Amino acids, particularly preferably 12-18 amino acids (eg 15 amino acids).
- amino acid sequence of the peptide linker examples include the following sequences. Ser
- Synthetic chemicals linkers are commonly used crosslinking agents for crosslinking peptides, for example, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS), bis (Sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate (BS3), dithiobis (succinimidyl propionate) (DSP), dithiopis (sulfosuccinimidyl propionate) (DTSSP), ethylene glycol bis (Succinimidyl succinate) (EGS), ethylene glycol bis (sulfosuccinimidyl succinate) (sulfo EGS), disuccinimidyl tartrate (DST), disulfosuccinimidyl tartrate ( Sulfo DST), bis [2- (succinimidoxycarboxy-roxy) ethyl] sulfone (BSOCOES), bis [2- (sulfosuccinimid
- examples of preferred sc (FV) 2 include the following (a) — (0 Antibodies include, but are not limited to:
- sc (Fv) 2 comprising a heavy chain variable region having CDR1, 2, and 3 having the amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NOs: 3, 4, and 5;
- sc (Fv) 2 comprising a light chain variable region having CDRs 1, 2, and 3 having the amino acid sequences described in SEQ ID NOs: 6, 7, and 8.
- D sc (Fv) 2 comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10 and a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 12.
- SEQ ID NOS: 9 and 10 show the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the 2D7 heavy chain variable region, respectively.
- the 50th to 54th CDR1 SEQ ID NO: 3
- the 69th to 85th It corresponds to the visual acuity SCDR2 (SEQ ID NO: 4) and the 118th-123rd power SCDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- SEQ ID NOs: 11 and 12 show the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the 2D7 light chain variable region, respectively, and the 46th-55th CDR1 (SEQ ID NO: 6) and the 71st-77th SCDR2 ( SEQ ID NO: 7), which corresponds to the 110th to 118th force SCDR3 (SEQ ID NO: 8).
- the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide encoding the scFV, wherein the heavy chain variable region and the light chain variable region are linked by a linker is shown in SEQ ID NO: 13
- the amino acid sequence of the scFV is shown in SEQ ID NO: 14.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 shows the nucleotide sequence of the polynucleotide encoding sc (FV) 2
- SEQ ID NO: 2 shows the amino acid sequence of sc (FV) 2.
- sc (Fv) 2 having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 2 may be humanized or chimeric for the purpose of, for example, reducing the heterologous antigenicity to humans.
- These artificially modified antibodies can be produced using known methods.
- “functionally equivalent” means that the antibody of interest has sc (FV) 2 having the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2. It means that it has an activity equivalent to sc (FV) 2 having CDR (or variable region) (for example, binding activity to HLA-A, cell death inducing activity, etc.).
- Antibody can be prepared. Amino acid mutations can also occur in nature. Thus, an antibody having an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids are mutated in the amino acid sequence of the antibody of the present invention and functionally equivalent to the antibody is also included in the antibody of the present invention.
- the number of amino acids to be mutated is not particularly limited, but is usually within 30 amino acids, preferably within 15 amino acids, and more preferably within 5 amino acids (eg, within 3 amino acids).
- the amino acid residue to be mutated is desirably mutated to another amino acid in which the properties of the amino acid side chain are conserved.
- amino acid side chains include hydrophobic amino acids (A, I, L, M, F, P, W, Y, V) and hydrophilic amino acids (R, D, N, C, E, Q, G, H, K, S, T), amino acids with aliphatic side chains (G, A, V, L, I, P), amino acids with hydroxyl group-containing side chains (S, T, ⁇ ), sulfur atom-containing side Amino acids with chain (C, M), amino acids with carboxylic acid and amide containing side chains (D, N, E, Q), amino acids with base containing side chains (R, K, H), aromatic containing side Amino acids having a chain (H, F, Y, W) (parentheses Each of them indicates the one-letter code of amino acids.) It is already known that a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence modified by deletion or addition of one or more amino acid residues to a certain amino acid sequence and substitution by Z or another amino acid maintains its biological activity.
- the antibodies of the present invention also include antibodies obtained by adding a plurality of amino acid residues to the amino acid sequence of the antibodies of the present invention. Further, fusion proteins in which these antibodies are fused with other peptides or proteins are also included.
- a method for producing a fusion protein is as follows: a polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the present invention and a polynucleotide encoding another peptide or polypeptide are ligated in such a manner that their frames match, and this is introduced into an expression vector; It may be expressed, and a method known to those skilled in the art can be used.
- peptides or polypeptides to be fused with the antibody of the present invention include, for example, FLAG (Hopp, TP et al., BioTechnology (1988) 6, 1204-1210), and six His (histidine) residues. 6X His, 10 X His, influenza agglutinin (HA), human c-myc fragment, VSV-GP fragment, pl8HIV fragment, T7-tag, HSV-tag, E-tag, SV40T antigen
- HA agglutinin
- HA human c-myc fragment
- VSV-GP fragment VSV-GP fragment
- pl8HIV fragment agglutinin
- T7-tag agglutinin
- HSV-tag HSV-tag
- E-tag SV40T antigen
- peptides such as fragments, lck tag, a-tubulin fragment, B-tag, and protein C fragment can be used.
- polypeptides to be fused with the antibody of the present invention include, for example, GST (daltathione S—transferase), HA (influenza agglutinin), immoglobulin constant region, ⁇ -galactosidase, ⁇ (maltose Binding protein).
- the antibody of the present invention may differ in amino acid sequence, molecular weight, isoelectric point, presence / absence and form of sugar chains, etc., depending on the cell or host producing the antibody or the purification method described below. However, as long as the obtained antibody has a function equivalent to that of the antibody of the present invention, it is included in the present invention.
- the antibody of the present invention when expressed in prokaryotic cells, for example, E. coli, A methionine residue is added to the N-terminus of the body amino acid sequence.
- the antibodies of the present invention also include such antibodies.
- the antibody of the present invention may be a conjugate antibody bound to various molecules such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), a radioactive substance, and a toxin.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- a radioactive substance such as radioactive substance
- a toxin such as toxin.
- Such a conjugate antibody can be obtained by subjecting the obtained antibody to chemical modification.
- Methods for modifying antibodies have already been established in the art (e.g., US5057313, US5156840) o These antibodies are "antibody" in the present invention are also encompassed.
- the present invention also provides a polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the present invention, or a polynucleotide that hybridizes with the polynucleotide under stringent conditions and encodes an antibody having an activity equivalent to that of the antibody of the present invention.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it encodes the antibody of the present invention, and is a polymer having a base or a base pairing force, such as a plurality of deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) or ribonucleic acids (RNA).
- the polynucleotides of the present invention may contain non-naturally occurring bases.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention can be used when expressing antibodies by genetic engineering techniques. When screening for an antibody having the same function as the antibody of the present invention, it can also be used as a probe. That is, a polynucleotide encoding the antibody of the present invention, or a part thereof, is used as a probe, and is hybridized with the polynucleotide under stringent conditions by techniques such as hybridization and gene amplification techniques (eg, PCR). It is possible to obtain a DNA encoding an antibody which hybridizes and has an activity equivalent to that of the antibody of the present invention. Such DNA is also included in the polynucleotide of the present invention.
- Hybridization conditions include, for example, low stringency conditions.
- the low stringent conditions are, for example, conditions of 42 ° C., 0.1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, preferably 50 in washing after hybridization.
- More preferable hybridization conditions include high stringency conditions. High stringency conditions include, for example,
- Antibodies functionally equivalent to the antibodies of the present invention which encode polynucleotide S obtained by the hybridization technique or the gene amplification technique, usually have high homology in amino acid sequence with these antibodies. .
- the antibodies of the present invention also include antibodies that are functionally equivalent to the antibodies of the present invention and have high homology to the amino acid sequence of the antibodies. High homology usually means at least 50% identity, preferably 75% or more identity, more preferably 85% or more identity, and even more preferably 95% or more identity at the amino acid level. Point.
- an algorithm described in the literature Wang, W. J. and Lipman, D. J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1983) 80, 726-730 may be used.
- the sc (Fv) 2 of the present invention can be prepared by a method known to those skilled in the art. For example, it can be prepared using a gene recombination technique known to those skilled in the art based on the sequence of an antibody that recognizes HLA. Specifically, a polynucleotide encoding sc (Fv) 2 is constructed based on the sequence of an antibody recognizing HLA, introduced into an expression vector, and then expressed in an appropriate host cell (for example, Co., MS et al "J. Immunol. (1994) 152, 2968-2976; Better, M. and Horwitz, AH, Methods Enzymol. (1989) 178, 476-496; Pluckthun, A.
- the sequence of an antibody recognizing HLA can be a sequence of a known antibody.
- an anti-HLA antibody is prepared by a method known to those skilled in the art, and It is also possible to obtain and use an array. Specifically, for example, it can be performed as follows. Using the HLA protein or a fragment thereof as a sensitizing antigen, immunization is performed according to a conventional immunization method, and the obtained immune cells are fused with a known parent cell by a normal cell fusion method, and are then screened by a normal screening method. , Monoclonal antibody production Screen cells (hybridomas).
- the antigen can be prepared according to a known method, for example, a method using baculovirus (such as W098 / 46777).
- the production of hybrids can be performed, for example, according to the method of Milstein et al. (Kohler. G. and Milstein, C, Methods Enzymol. (1981) 73: 3-46).
- immunization may be performed by binding to a macromolecule having immunogenicity such as albumin.
- the mRNA of the hybridoma can also be determined by synthesizing cDNA for the variable region (V region) of the antibody using reverse transcriptase and decoding the sequence of the resulting cDNA by a known method.
- a mouse antibody, a rat antibody, a rabbit antibody, a hidge antibody, a human antibody, and the like are not particularly limited as long as they bind to HLA.
- a recombinant antibody artificially modified for the purpose of reducing heterologous antigenicity to humans for example, a chimeric antibody, a humanized antibody and the like can also be used. These modified antibodies can be produced using known methods.
- the chimeric antibody is a mammal other than a human, for example, an antibody that acts as a variable region of a heavy or light chain of a mouse antibody and a constant region of a heavy or light chain of a human antibody. Is linked to a polynucleotide encoding the constant region of a human antibody, and this is inserted into an expression vector, introduced into a host, and produced.
- the humanized antibody is also called a reshaped human antibody, and is obtained by transplanting the complementarity-determining region of a non-human mammal, for example, a mouse antibody, into the complementarity-determining region of a human antibody.
- Genetic recombination techniques are also known (see European Patent Application Publication No. EP 125023, International Patent Application Publication No. WO 96/02576).
- a polynucleotide sequence designed to link the CDR of a mouse antibody and the framework region (FR) of a human antibody was prepared by constructing several polynucleotides having overlapping portions at the ends.
- the obtained polynucleotide is ligated to a polynucleotide encoding the constant region of a human antibody, then inserted into an expression vector, and introduced into a host to produce the same (European Patent Application Publication No. EP 239400, International Patent Application Open number WO 96/02576).
- the human antibody FR linked via CDR is selected so that the complementarity-determining region forms a favorable antigen-binding site.
- amino acids in the framework region of the variable region of the antibody may be substituted so that the complementarity determining region of the reshaped human antibody forms an appropriate antigen-binding site (Sato, K. et al., Cancer Res. (1993) 53, 851-856).
- These chimeric antibodies and humanized antibodies may be converted into sc (Fv) 2 and then chimerized or humanized, or may be converted into sc (Fv) 2 after chimerization or humanization.
- a method for obtaining a human antibody is also known.
- human lymphocytes are sensitized in vitro with a desired antigen or a cell expressing the desired antigen, and the sensitized lymphocytes are fused with human myeloma cells, for example, U266, to obtain a desired human antibody having an antigen-binding activity.
- a desired human antibody can be obtained by immunizing a transgenic animal having the entire repertoire of human antibody genes with a desired antigen (International Patent Application Publication Nos.
- a technique for obtaining a human antibody by panning using a human antibody library is also known.
- a phage that binds to an antigen can be selected by expressing the variable region of a human antibody as a single-chain antibody (scFv) on the surface of a phage by a phage display method using a phage display method.
- scFv single-chain antibody
- the polynucleotide sequence encoding the variable region of the human antibody that binds to the antigen can be determined.
- a human antibody can be obtained by preparing an appropriate expression vector using the sequence.
- These methods are already well known and can be referred to WO 92/01047, WO 92/20791, WO 93/06213, WO 93/11236, WO 93/19172, WO 95/01438, WO 95/15388. Wear.
- the antibody of the present invention can be produced by a method known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, the DNA of the target antibody is inserted into an expression vector. At that time, the gene is incorporated into an expression vector so as to express under the control of an expression control region, for example, an enhancer or a promoter. Next, host cells can be transformed with this expression vector to express the antibody. In that case, an appropriate combination of a host and an expression vector can be used.
- vectors include M13-based vectors, pUC-based vectors, pBR322, pBluescript, pCR-Script, and the like.
- an expression vector is particularly useful.
- the expression vector when the expression vector is intended for expression in Escherichia coli, the expression vector may have the above-mentioned characteristics such that the vector is amplified in Escherichia coli, and may be used in a host such as E. coli such as JM109, DH5a, HB101, or XL1-Blue.
- promoters that can be efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli such as lacZ promoter (Ward et al., Nature (1989) 341, 544-546; FASEB J. (1992) 6, 2422-2427), araB promoter ( Better et al., Science (1988) 240, 1041-1043), or having the T7 promoter is essential.
- lacZ promoter Ward et al., Nature (1989) 341, 544-546; FASEB J. (1992) 6, 2422-2427
- araB promoter Better et al., Science (1988) 240, 1041-1043
- T7 promoter is essential.
- Such vectors include PGEX-5X-1 (Pharmacia), "QIAexpress system” (Qiagen), pEGFP, or pET (in this case, the host expresses T7 RNA polymerase) Then, BL21 is preferred,;) and the like.
- the vector contains a signal sequence for polypeptide secretion!
- a signal sequence for polypeptide secretion a pelB signal sequence (Lei, SP et al J. Bacteriol. (1987) 169, 4379) may be used when produced by E. coli periplasm.
- the introduction of the vector into the host cell can be carried out, for example, using the Shii-Dani calcium method or the elect-portion method.
- a mammalian expression vector for example, pcDNA3 (manufactured by Invitrogen), pEGF-BOS (Nucleic Acids. Res.
- insect cell-derived expression vectors eg, “Bac-to-BAC baculovairus expression system” (manufactured by Gibco BRL), P BacPAK8), plant-derived expression Vector (eg, ⁇ 1, pMH2), animal virus-derived expression vector (eg, pHSV, pMV, pAdexLcw), retrovirus-derived expression vector (eg, pZIPneo), yeast-derived expression vector (eg, “Pichia
- Expression KitJ manufactured by Invitrogen
- pNVll pNVll
- SP-Q01 an expression vector derived from Bacillus subtilis
- an expression vector derived from Bacillus subtilis eg, pPL608, pKTH50.
- a promoter required for expression in a cell such as the SV40 promoter (SV40 promoter
- Vectors having such properties include, for example, pMAM, pDR2, pBK-RSV, pBK-CMV, pOPRSV, pOP13, and the like.
- a DHFR gene that complements the gene in a CHO cell deficient in a nucleic acid synthesis pathway is used.
- MTX methotrexate
- a method of using a COS cell having a gene expressing the SV40 T antigen on the chromosome and transforming it with a vector having a replication origin of SV40 is used.
- a replication origin of SV40 such as pcD
- those derived from poliovirus, adenovirus, ⁇ papilloma virus (BPV) and the like can also be used.
- the expression vector is selected as a selection marker for aminoglycoside transferase (APH) gene, thymidine kinase (TK) gene, Escherichia coli xanthinguanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Ecogpt) gene, It can contain the folate reductase (dhfr) gene and the like.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention is incorporated into an appropriate vector, for example, retrovirus method, liposome method, cationic ribosome. And the method of introduction into a living body by the adenovirus method and the like.
- the vector used include, but are not limited to, an adenovirus vector (eg, pAdexlcw) and a retrovirus vector (eg, pZIPneo).
- General genetic manipulation such as insertion of the polynucleotide of the present invention into a vector can be performed according to a conventional method (Molecular Cloning, 5.61 to 5.63).
- Administration into a living body may be an ex vivo method or an in vivo method.
- the present invention also provides a host cell into which the vector of the present invention has been introduced.
- the host cell into which the vector of the present invention is introduced is not particularly limited. Animal cells and the like can be used.
- the host cell of the present invention can be used, for example, as a production system for producing or expressing the antibody of the present invention.
- Production systems for polypeptide production include in vitro and in vivo production systems. In vitro production systems include production systems using eukaryotic cells and production systems using prokaryotic cells.
- animal cells for example, animal cells, plant cells, and fungal cells can be used as hosts.
- Animal cells include mammalian cells, for example, CH0 (J. Exp. Med. (1995) 108, 945), COS-3T3, myeloma, BHK (baby hamster kidney), HeLa, Vero, amphibian cells, for example, African Megafrog oocytes (Valle, et al., Nature (1981) 291, 358-340) or insect cells such as S19, Sf21, and Tn5 are known.
- CHO cells in particular, DHFR-deficient CHO cells such as dhfr-CHO (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
- CHO cells are particularly preferred for large-scale expression in animal cells.
- the vector is introduced into the host cell by, for example, the calcium phosphate method, the DEAE dextran method, the method using the cationic ribosome DOTAP (manufactured by Boehringer Mannheim), the electoral poration method, the lipofection, etc. Is possible.
- Nicotiana tabacum cells derived from Nicotiana tabacum (Nicotiana tabacum) are known as a polypeptide production system, which may be callus cultured.
- Fungal cells include yeast, for example, the genus Saccharomyces, for example, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and filamentous fungi, for example, the genus Aspergillus, for example, Aspergillus niger. niger) is known.
- bacterial cells include Escherichia coli (E. coli), for example, JM109, DH5a, HB101, and the like, and Bacillus subtilis.
- an antibody By transforming these cells with the desired polynucleotide and culturing the transformed cells in vitro, an antibody can be obtained.
- the culturing can be performed according to a known method.
- a culture solution of animal cells for example, DMEM, MEM, RPMI1640, IMDM can be used.
- serum replacement such as fetal calf serum (FCS)
- FCS fetal calf serum
- serum-free culture may be performed.
- the pH during the culture is preferably about 6-8. Culture is usually performed at about 30-40 ° C for about 15-200 hours, and the medium is replaced, aerated, and agitated as necessary.
- examples of a system for producing a polypeptide in vivo include a production system using an animal and a production system using a plant.
- a polynucleotide of interest is introduced into these animals or plants, and the polypeptide is produced in the body of the animals or plants and collected.
- the “host” in the present invention includes these animals and plants.
- mice When using animals, there are production systems using mammals and insects. Goats, pigs, sheep, mice, and pests can be used as mammals (Vicki Glaser, SPECTRUM Biotechnology Applications, 1993). When a mammal is used, a transgenic animal can be used.
- a polynucleotide of interest is prepared as a fusion gene with a gene encoding a polypeptide uniquely produced in milk, such as goat j8 casein.
- a polynucleotide fragment containing the fusion gene is injected into a goat embryo, and the embryo is transplanted into a female goat.
- the desired antibody can be obtained from the milk produced by the transgenic goat born or the progeny thereof, which has received the embryo.
- Transgeneic mosquitoes Hormones may optionally be used in transgenics to increase the amount of milk containing polypeptides produced (Ebert, KM et al., Bio / Technology (1994) 12 , 699-702).
- a silkworm can be used as an insect.
- the target polypeptide can be obtained from the body fluid of the silkworm by infecting the silkworm with the baculovirus into which the target polynucleotide has been inserted (Susumu, M. et al., Nature (1985). ) 315, 592-594) o
- tobacco when using a plant, for example, tobacco can be used.
- the polynucleotide of interest is inserted into a plant expression vector, for example, pMON530, and this vector is introduced into a vector such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
- This bacterium is infected to tobacco, for example, Nicotiana tabacum, and the desired polypeptide can be obtained from the leaves of this tobacco (Julian K.-C. Ma et al "Eur. J. Immunol. (1994) 24, 131-138).
- the antibody of the present invention thus obtained can be isolated from the inside or outside of a host cell (such as a medium) and purified as a substantially pure and homogeneous antibody.
- the separation and purification of the antibody is not limited in any way as long as the separation and purification methods used in ordinary antibody purification are used. For example, chromatography columns, filters, ultrafiltration, salting out, solvent precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, immunoprecipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, dialysis, recrystallization, etc. When combined, antibodies can be separated and purified.
- chromatography examples include affinity chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, gel filtration, reverse phase chromatography, adsorption chromatography, and the like (Strategies for Protein Purification and
- the antigen binding activity of the prepared antibody (Ant3 ⁇ 4odies A Laboratory)
- the present inventors have found that the antibody of the present invention induces cell death. Based on this finding, there is provided a cell death inducer or cell growth inhibitor comprising the antibody of the present invention as an active ingredient. In addition, the present inventors have already found that a diabody obtained by miniaturizing an anti-HLA antibody has an antitumor effect on a human myeloma model animal (
- T fine ⁇ activated may be particularly large effect on B cells. Therefore, the antibody of the present invention It is considered to be particularly effective in treating and preventing tumors such as cancer (particularly hematological tumors) and autoimmune diseases.
- the present invention also provides an antitumor agent or a therapeutic agent for an autoimmune disease, comprising the antibody of the present invention as an active ingredient.
- the antibody of the present invention can be administered as a pharmaceutical composition formulated by a known pharmaceutical method in addition to direct administration to a patient.
- a pharmaceutical composition formulated by a known pharmaceutical method in addition to direct administration to a patient.
- tablets, capsules, elixirs, and microcapsules which are sugar-coated as necessary, orally, or aseptic solutions or suspensions in water or other pharmaceutically acceptable liquids. It can be used parenterally in the form of injections.
- pharmacologically acceptable carriers or vehicles specifically, sterile water or physiological saline, vegetable oils, emulsifiers, suspensions, surfactants, stabilizers, flavoring agents, excipients, vehicles, It is possible to formulate a formulation by combining it with a preservative, a binder and the like as appropriate and mixing it in a unit dosage form required for generally accepted pharmaceutical practice.
- the amount of the active ingredient in these preparations is such that an appropriate dose in the specified range can be obtained.
- binders such as gelatin, corn starch, tragacanth gum, gum arabic, excipients such as crystalline cellulose, corn starch, gelatin, and alginic acid.
- a leavening agent such as magnesium stearate
- a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin
- a flavoring agent such as peppermint, akamono oil or cherry are used.
- a liquid carrier such as oils and fats can be further contained in the above-mentioned materials.
- Sterile compositions for injection can be formulated using vehicles such as distilled water for injection, according to standard formulation practice.
- aqueous solutions for injection include physiological saline, isotonic solutions containing glucose and other adjuvants, for example, D-sorbitol, D-mannose, D-mantol, and sodium chloride. It may be used in combination with other solubilizing agents, for example, alcohols, specifically, ethanol, polyalcohols, for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactants, for example, polysorbate 80 (TM), HCO-50.
- solubilizing agents for example, alcohols, specifically, ethanol, polyalcohols, for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactants, for example, polysorbate 80 (TM), HCO-50.
- the oily liquid includes sesame oil and soybean oil, and may be used in combination with benzyl benzoate or benzyl alcohol as a solubilizing agent.
- buffers such as phosphate buffers, acetic acid It may be formulated with a sodium buffer solution, a soothing agent such as proforce hydrochloride, a stabilizer such as benzyl alcohol, phenol, and an antioxidant.
- the prepared injection solution is usually filled in an appropriate ampoule.
- Administration to a patient can be performed, for example, by intraarterial injection, intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection, etc., or intranasally, transbronchially, intramuscularly, transdermally, or orally by a person skilled in the art. This can be done by any method.
- the dose varies depending on the weight and age of the patient, the administration method, and the like, but those skilled in the art can appropriately select an appropriate dose.
- the compound can be encoded by a polynucleotide, the polynucleotide may be incorporated into a vector for gene therapy to perform gene therapy.
- the dose and administration method vary depending on the patient's body weight, age, symptoms, etc., and can be appropriately selected by those skilled in the art.
- the dose of the antibody of the present invention varies depending on the administration subject, target organ, symptoms and administration method. For example, in the case of an injection, it is usually used in adults (assuming a body weight of 60 kg). It is believed to be about 0.1 to 1000 mg, preferably about 1.0 to 50 mg, more preferably about 1.0 to 20 mg per day.
- the single dose varies depending on the administration subject, target organ, symptom, and administration method.
- administration method usually in adults (with a body weight of 60 kg).
- the amount converted per 60 kg body weight or the amount converted per body surface area can be administered.
- the present invention relates to a method for inducing cell death of a cell by using the antibody of the present invention. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for inducing cell death in a cell by bringing the antibody of the present invention into contact with the cell.
- a DNA expression vector encoding 2D7 sc (Fv) 2 connected with GlyGlyGlyGlySerGlyGlyGlyGlySer (GlyGlyGlySer) was prepared by the following procedure.
- VH-VL prepared by the method described in WO2004 / 033499 was used as a 5-mer linker
- the 2D7diabody (HL5) expression vector ligated with GlyGlyGlyGlySer) was subjected to PCR using primer 2D7DBH1 (SEQ ID NO: 15) and primer 2D7PA2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) to amplify fragment A.
- PCR was performed with primer 2D7PA3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) and primer 2D7PA5 (SEQ ID NO: 18) to amplify fragment B.
- Fragment A and fragment B obtained here were mixed in the same tube, and a PCR-recombination reaction was performed to link fragment A and fragment B.
- a DNA fragment "2D7diabodyHL15-l" containing a VH signal sequence at the N-terminus and having VH-VL linked by a 15-mer linker was obtained.
- the 2D7diabody (HL5) expression vector was transformed into a type II, and a PCR reaction was performed with primer 2D7PA6 (SEQ ID NO: 19) and primer 2D7PA2 (SEQ ID NO: 16) to amplify fragment C.
- PCR was performed with primer 2D7PA3 (SEQ ID NO: 17) and primer 2D7DBL2 (SEQ ID NO: 20) to amplify fragment D.
- the fragments C and D obtained here were mixed in the same tube, and the two fragments were ligated by PCR-recombination reaction.
- VH-VL was ligated with a 15-mer linker to obtain a DNA fragment "2D7diabodyHL15-2" containing a Flag-tag region at the C-terminus.
- FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) and amino acid sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2) of 2D7sc (Fv) 2.
- DG44 cells cultured in a CHO-S-SFM-II medium were washed twice with ice-cold PBS, and then suspended in PBS to 1 x 10 ml. To this, 20 g of the above plasmid was mixed to give an electric norse (1.5 KV, 25 FD). The cells were diluted at an appropriate ratio, seeded on a 96-well plate, and cultured in a CHO-S-SFM-II medium supplemented with G418 (Invitrogen) at a final concentration of 500 g / ml.
- G418 Invitrogen
- a single colony that grew was picked up by about 30 clones, and the expression level of 2D7sc (Fv) 2 in the culture supernatant was examined by Western blot using an anti-FLAG antibody (Sigma).
- the clone with the highest expression was cultured in a nucleic acid-free CHO-S-SFM II medium (Invitrogen) containing 5 nM MTX, and the culture scale was expanded. The resulting strain was defined as a high-producing cell strain.
- the human myeloma cell line ARH77 cells were seeded on a 24-well plate in RPMI1640 medium (Invitrogen) containing 10% FCS at 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well.
- purified 2D7sc (Fv) 2 was added to a final concentration of 100 ng / ml and 250 ng / ml.
- purified 2D7diabody (HL5) was added to another well under the same conditions. After culturing at 37 ° C for 3 hours, each cell was collected and suspended in PI solution g / ml PI, 2% FCS / PBS). After incubation at room temperature for 15 minutes in the dark, the percentage of dead cells stained with PI was measured using flow cytometory (EPICS ELITE, COULTER).
- 2D7sc (Fv) 2 had an activity of inducing cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. Its activity is 2D7diabody (VH and VL linked by linker 5mer) HL5) was found to be almost the same level. From the above results, regarding the in vitro cell death-inducing activity, it was confirmed that 2D7sc (Fv) 2 had the same activity as 2D7diabody (HL5) (FIG. 4).
- Human EBV-transformed B cell line IM9 cells at 3 ⁇ 10 3 cells / well and human Burkitt lymphoma cell line HS-Sultan cells at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FCS. It was diluted and spread on a 96-well plate. To this, purified 2D7sc (Fv) 2 and 2D7diabody (HL5) were added to a final concentration of 0, 0.0032, 0.016, 0.08, 0.4, 2 ⁇ g / ml, and cultured at 37 ° C. After culturing for 3 days, the number of viable cells was measured using a cell number measurement WST-8 kit (Dojindani).
- a round bottom polyethylene tube was cut to a depth of about 1 cm to a depth of about 1 cm.
- the bottom portion was filled with 20 mmol / L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 250 mmol / L NaCl and Tween 20 0.05 vol%, Na 125
- the I solution and the 2D7sc (Fv) 2 or 2D7diabody (HL5) solution were added.
- the filter paper was replaced with a new filter paper impregnated with a 32 mg / mL Chloramine T solution, covered over the reaction tube in the same manner as described above, and left at room temperature for another 5 minutes.
- the reaction solution is placed on a PD-10 column (Amersham Pharmacia) equilibrated with PBS (-) containing Tween 20 0.05 vol%, and Tween 20 0.05 Elution was performed with PBS (-) containing vol% to remove unreacted 1251 .
- mice Male mice (C.B-17 / Icr Scid Jcl, CLEA Japan) received a single intravenous injection of radiolabeled 2D7 sc (Fv) 2 and radiolabeled 2D7diabody (HL5) at 1 mg / 5 MBq / kg. At 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after administration, the mice were laparotomized under ether anesthesia, and blood was collected from the heart using a heparin-treated thermosyringe with a 25G injection needle. The collected blood was immediately centrifuged at 12,000 rpm at 4 ° C for 5 minutes to separate plasma.
- Fv radiolabeled 2D7 sc
- HL5 radiolabeled 2D7diabody
- the radioactivity of the plasma sample was measured with a ⁇ -counter.
- the radioactivity of the administration solution was measured simultaneously, the specific activity of the radiolabeled test substance in the administration solution was calculated, and the total radioactivity concentration in plasma was calculated based on the radioactivity.
- purified water and TCA 25 w / v% solution were added to the plasma sample, and the mixture was stirred and centrifuged at 4 ° C and 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. After aspirating the supernatant with an aspirator, the radioactivity of the precipitate was measured. The ratio of the radioactivity of the precipitate to the total radioactivity was multiplied by the total radioactivity concentration in plasma to calculate the radioactivity concentration in the TCA precipitate fraction in plasma.
- Radiolabeled 2D7sc (Fv) 2 gives a morphism labeling 2D7diabod y (HL5) than the high ⁇ plasma TCA precipitation fraction radioactive concentration release, the half-life of the elimination phase, respectively 2.30 hours and 1.64 hours 2D7sc (Fv) 2 Gave a longer half-life than 2D7diabody (HL5).
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US10/582,304 US20070280951A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2004-12-10 | Cell Death Inducing Agents |
AU2004297109A AU2004297109A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2004-12-10 | Cell death inducing agent |
CA002548929A CA2548929A1 (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2004-12-10 | Cell death inducing agent |
JP2005516197A JP4767016B2 (ja) | 2003-12-12 | 2004-12-10 | 細胞死誘導剤 |
EP04820311A EP1712565A4 (en) | 2003-12-12 | 2004-12-10 | AGENTS INDUCING CELL DEATH |
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- 2004-12-10 CA CA002548929A patent/CA2548929A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2004-12-10 KR KR1020067013909A patent/KR20060130606A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-12-10 US US10/582,304 patent/US20070280951A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-10 WO PCT/JP2004/018501 patent/WO2005056603A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-12-10 JP JP2005516197A patent/JP4767016B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070280951A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 |
EP1712565A1 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
AU2004297109A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
KR20060130606A (ko) | 2006-12-19 |
JP4767016B2 (ja) | 2011-09-07 |
JPWO2005056603A1 (ja) | 2009-05-28 |
EP1712565A4 (en) | 2009-03-11 |
CA2548929A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
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