WO2005053124A1 - 分布帰還型半導体レーザ、分布帰還型半導体レーザアレイ及び光モジュール - Google Patents
分布帰還型半導体レーザ、分布帰還型半導体レーザアレイ及び光モジュール Download PDFInfo
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- H01S5/124—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region the resonator having a periodic structure, e.g. in distributed feedback [DFB] lasers incorporating phase shifts
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- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
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- H01S5/22—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure
- H01S5/2205—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers
- H01S5/2222—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers having special electric properties
- H01S5/2224—Structure or shape of the semiconductor body to guide the optical wave ; Confining structures perpendicular to the optical axis, e.g. index or gain guiding, stripe geometry, broad area lasers, gain tailoring, transverse or lateral reflectors, special cladding structures, MQW barrier reflection layers having a ridge or stripe structure comprising special burying or current confinement layers having special electric properties semi-insulating semiconductors
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- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/30—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
- H01S5/34—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
- H01S5/343—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser
- H01S5/34306—Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers in AIIIBV compounds, e.g. AlGaAs-laser, InP-based laser emitting light at a wavelength longer than 1000nm, e.g. InP based 1300 and 1500nm lasers
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- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
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- H01S5/4025—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar
- H01S5/4087—Array arrangements, e.g. constituted by discrete laser diodes or laser bar emitting more than one wavelength
Definitions
- Distributed feedback semiconductor laser distributed feedback semiconductor laser array, and optical module
- the present invention relates to a distributed feedback semiconductor laser, a distributed feedback semiconductor laser array, and an optical module, and more particularly, to a distributed feedback semiconductor laser, a distributed feedback semiconductor laser array, and an optical module that can be used for optical communication applications.
- direct modulation DFB lasers As lasers that meet these requirements, (1) direct modulation DFB lasers, (2) direct modulation surface emitting lasers (VCSEL), and (3) direct modulation short cavity FP lasers are being studied.
- VCSEL direct modulation surface emitting lasers
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports an InGaAlAs-based DFB laser with a cavity length (gain generation region length) of 170 to 300 ⁇ m in the 1.3 ⁇ m band. Using a resonator length of 170 m, a relaxation oscillation frequency of 19 GHz at 85 ° C has been obtained. Also, in Non-Patent Document 2, a DFB laser with a cavity length of 200 m was used to realize 12.5 Gbps modulation at 115 ° C using a dry etching diffraction grating in the same 1.3 m band. In addition, sufficient performance has been obtained.
- Non-Patent Document 5 an attempt to make the ultimate ultra-short cavity using an end face forming technology by dry etching (for example, see Non-Patent Document 5), which has a long development history, has been made.
- Non-Patent Document 6 reports a laser having a cavity length of about 20 m.
- structural optimization is also underway, as shown in Non-Patent Document 7, an example in which a laser with a cavity length of 200 / zm and HR coating on both sides has achieved a fr of 11.9 GHz at 85 ° C.
- a technique for improving the single-mode property by reducing the resonator length to about 60 m or less has been disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the cavity length (gain generation region length) is shortened in comparison with the DBR laser to suppress mode pop at the time of wavelength tuning by current injection, and to satisfy low threshold oscillation and high-speed response.
- Patent Document 2 For example, see Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2624140
- Patent Document 2 JP 2003-46190A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent No. 2545994
- Non-patent document 1 M. Aoki et al., "85 ° C-10Gbit / s operation of 1. InGaAlAs MQW-DFB laser", ECOC2000 vol. 1, p. 123-124.
- Non-patent document 2 K. Nakahara et al. , "115 ° C, 12.5-Gb / s direct modulation of 1.InGaAlAs-MQW RWG DFB laser with notch-free grating structure for datacom applications,, OFC2003 PDP40. High—Speed Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Laser, "IEEE Photonic. Technol. Lett., 1993., vol.
- Patent Document 4 A. Ramakrishnan et al., "Electrically pumped 10 Gbit / s
- Non-Patent Document 5 M. Uchida et al., "An AlGaAs Laser with High—Quality Dry Etched Mirrors Fabricated Using an Ultrahigh Vacuum In Situ Dry Etching and Deposition Processing System," IEEE J. of Quantum Electron., 1988., Vol. 24, no. 11, p. 2170-2176
- Non-Patent Document 6 T. Yuasa et al., "Performance of Dry-etched short cavity GaAsZ AlGaAs multiquantum-well lasers," J. Appl. Phys., 1988., Vol. . 63, no. 5, pp. 1321–1327
- Patent Document 7 T. Aoyagi et al., "Recent progress of lOGb / s laser diodes for metropolitan area networks," SPIE, 2001., vol. 4580, APOC 2001, Beijing, China
- the VCSEL of (2) is a device that can reduce the drive current (threshold current Ith ⁇ lmA, drive current I op ⁇ 10mA) and replaces the direct modulation DFB laser of (1) It is expected as the next generation light source.
- the drive current threshold current Ith ⁇ lmA, drive current I op ⁇ 10mA
- the resistance is increased, the driving voltage is high, and (3 V or more is required) t.
- the light output is low (less than 2 mW) because the cavity volume is too small, and another problem is that it is difficult to increase the wavelength (it is difficult to exceed the wavelength of 1.34 m). It exists as a major issue.
- the short cavity can be relatively easily achieved. However, even if the cavity is made as short as about 20 m as described in Non-Patent Document 6, the VCSEL level ( If it is not possible to achieve ultra-short resonators up to a few m), it is not possible to obtain "dynamic" single-mode and chabing characteristics sufficient to withstand transmission of about 10 km with ultra-high-speed modulation over GHz. Can not.
- each of the above three types of lasers basically has a problem. From the above explanation, the following can be considered as a clue to the solution of the above-mentioned problems.
- the “dynamic” single-mode property of an ultrashort-cavity FP laser can be improved by some means, it will surpass the VCSEL and will have a characteristic that can surpass even the DFB laser. Can be realized.
- Non-Patent Document 7 when considering the extremely short cavity of a DFB laser having a diffraction grating, it is not necessary to introduce an extremely large ⁇ to at least reduce the threshold current. It is missing. However, it is unclear whether there is a structure that can achieve both low threshold current characteristics and high single-mode stability in such a high- ⁇ structure, and it was clear whether such a structure could be achieved in the first place. This is because the introduction of an extremely large ⁇ means that the wavelength dependence of the reflectance of the diffraction grating is flat, and the single mode property is poor. As a result, as of July 2003, the lower limit of the attempt for the short cavity resonator of the DFB laser was about 170 m.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a laser having a cavity length (gain generation region length) of not less than 200 / zm or less.
- This laser has a diffraction grating provided only outside the FP active region. It has a DBR structure. Since the DBR laser basically has poorer single mode stability than the DFB laser, it is not sufficiently stable for use in our goal of ultra-high-speed modulation. Not a minute. Further, in the basic configuration of Patent Document 2, it is necessary to use a multi-mode waveguide (MMI) in the active region, so that it is not possible to draw a diffraction grating in that portion. It is also impossible to do this (if a diffraction grating is formed in the MMI region, since it is a multi-mode waveguide, multi-mode oscillation will occur).
- MMI multi-mode waveguide
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to solve all the problems in the above-mentioned (1) -type (3) type laser, that is, (I) low threshold current (low
- the objective is to achieve both (driving current) characteristics and (II) high single-mode characteristics, and (III) high fr characteristics, (IV) high temperature characteristics, and (V) wide wavelength range.
- DFB laser distributed feedback semiconductor laser
- the distributed feedback semiconductor laser according to the present invention is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser comprising: a gain generating area for generating a gain of laser light; and a diffraction grating formed inside the gain generating area.
- the front end of the two end faces has a reflectance of 1% or less, and the rear end of the two end faces has a reflectance of 30% or more when viewed from the front.
- the coupling coefficient of the grating is ⁇ and the length of the gain generating area is L
- ⁇ is set to 100 cm- 1 or more
- L is set to 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the gain is gth, a combination of ⁇ where ⁇ a Zgth is 1 or more is used.
- the reflectance of the two end faces before and after the gain generation area, the rear end face side force, as viewed from the front is the “reflectivity of the rear end face of the two end faces, before and after the gain generation area”.
- the “front end face of the gain generation region” is an emission end face of the laser beam.
- the distributed feedback semiconductor laser of the present invention is a distributed feedback semiconductor laser (DFB laser) having a very short gain generation region length compared to the conventional one.
- the distributed feedback semiconductor laser has a reflection function behind the DFB laser.
- the length of the gain generation region the length of the resonator, it can be expressed as “extremely short cavity DFB laser”.
- the reflection function is provided behind the DFB laser (for example, FIG. 16)
- the length of the gain generation region is not equal to the length of the resonator.
- the DFB laser may be expressed as “a DFB laser having an extremely short gain generation region length” or “a DFB laser having an extremely short gain generation region length”.
- the product (KL value) of the coupling coefficient ⁇ and the length of the gain generation region is preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the length of the gain generation region where ⁇ a Zgth has a peak value is represented by Lp.
- the length L of the gain generation region is equal to or less than Lp.
- the diffraction grating is (1) a gain coupling structure, (2) a loss coupling structure, (3) a gain coupling, a loss coupling, and a refractive index. It is preferable that a force having a structure in which two or three of the bonds are mixed, or (4) a refractive index coupling structure having a ⁇ 4 shift structure.
- the diffraction grating has a refractive index coupling structure and a ⁇ 4 shift structure
- the ⁇ 4 shift position is 100% of the length of the gain generation region in the front-rear direction, the gain is reduced. It is preferable that the position is 75% and 5% behind the front end of the area where the occurrence occurs.
- the rear end face of the gain generation region is formed by etching, and the entire device including the distributed feedback semiconductor laser (ie, one chip) is formed.
- the front and rear length is longer than 150 ⁇ m!
- the device has a structure including another functional region integrated behind the distributed feedback semiconductor laser via an end face gap formed by the etching.
- the other functional area has a light receiving function, as an example.
- a front end surface thereof is formed to be inclined with respect to a rear end surface of the gain generation region.
- the other functional area has a function of reflecting to the gain generating area side.
- ⁇ reflectance of the front face from the rear end face of the two end faces before and after the gain generation area '', ⁇ In addition to the reflection by the rear face face of the two end faces before and after the gain generation area, The reflectance includes the reflection from the reflective function area located behind the gain generation area.
- the reflectance of the rear end face of the gain generation region is set to 90% or more
- the rear end face of the gain generation region can have a reflectance of 90% or more by providing a high reflection film on the rear end face.
- a light guiding window for guiding light from within the gain generating region is formed in the high reflection film.
- the material forming the gain generating region includes at least one of Al, N, and Sb.
- the series resistance of the distributed feedback semiconductor laser of the present invention is preferably 50 ⁇ ⁇ 10 ⁇ .
- the distributed feedback semiconductor laser array of the present invention is provided with the distributed feedback semiconductor laser of the present invention monolithically in an array, and the wavelength of each distributed feedback semiconductor laser is different from each other. As a feature.
- an optical module according to the present invention includes the distributed feedback semiconductor laser according to the present invention or the distributed feedback semiconductor laser array according to the present invention.
- the present inventor first derives an index indicating single mode stability that can be sufficiently applied to a laser having an extremely short ⁇ gain generation region and has a clear correlation with device parameters. went. For that purpose, I went back to the basic formula of SMSR and reviewed it.
- the SMSR equation is, as shown in the following equation (1), the main mode (wavelength ⁇ ) and the next strongest submode (
- Adjacent mode expressed as the ratio of the optical output ⁇ ( ⁇ ⁇ ) to the wavelength ⁇ 1).
- the SMSR equation can be expressed by the following equation (3).
- SMSR is a function of gain and loss if iZlth, 0, which is a ratio to the threshold current, is fixed, and does not depend on the length L of the gain generation region.
- the SMSR equation can be modified to the following equation (4).
- SMSR can be expressed as a function of ⁇ a Zgth, 0.
- SMSR increases as ⁇ a Zgth increases, and single-mode stability increases. Also, it can be seen that the SMSR rapidly increases with the ⁇ a Zgth force of 1, but tends to saturate in a region of 1 or more, and increases gradually.
- high single-mode stability can be expected in the range of ⁇ a / gth> 1.
- the newly found parameter “ ⁇ a Zgth” has ⁇ a, which has been conventionally used as a single-mode stability index, in the numerator and gth directly connected to the threshold current in the denominator.
- the correlation with device structure parameters is very easy to understand.
- the length of the gain generation region is extremely short. ⁇ In order to consider a DFB laser, this index must be used.
- the parameter ⁇ a Zgth is used as an index for measuring single-mode stability. Then, in a DFB laser with a very short gain generation region length, it was found that a structure in which ⁇ a Zgth was 1 or more was a structure capable of obtaining high power and single-mode stability. . In the following, a specific description will be given of what kind of device structure is capable of achieving both high single-mode stability and low threshold current characteristics as described above.
- the first parameter to consider in improving the single-mode stability is the two ends of the cavity.
- ARM shading reflectance is 1% or less
- At least one end face of the two end faces before and after the gain generation region must have a higher reflectivity (HR) than the cleavage end face (R-1 30%) or more.
- HR reflectivity
- R-1 30% cleavage end face
- the reflectivity at the 30% end face can be made higher by a highly reflective film such as a dielectric multilayer film or metal film, and can be made higher than 90%, it is extremely effective for lowering the threshold current. It is.
- the rear end face alone may have a reflectance of 30% or more (preferably 90% or more), but the rear end face of the gain generation area may have a reflectance of 90% or more. It is also possible to achieve a reflectance of 30% or more (preferably 90% or more) in this way by including the reflection component of the reflection function area arranged in the area!
- such a structure a structure in which the reflectance of the front end face of the two end faces before and after the gain generation region is set to 1% or less, and the reflectivity of the rear end face side force when viewed from the front side is set to 30% or more. It is important to find a structure that can achieve a high single-mode yield.
- a structure that can achieve a high single-mode yield.
- a DFB laser with a conventional cavity length one 300 m
- analysis of such an asymmetrical end face structure has already been reported many times, and a guideline for obtaining a high single-mode yield. Has also been revealed.
- the calculated structure is as follows: (1) Asymmetric ⁇ —4 (where the ⁇ ⁇ 4 position is the position of 25 on the HR side when the gain generation region is divided into 25:75 ratios in the front-back direction V). AR structure with each reflectivity of (90% -0%), (2) ⁇ ⁇ 4 without shift HR- AR structure with each reflectivity (90% -0%), (3) ⁇ 4 without shift The structure is such that each reflectivity of HR-CL is (90% -30%). It should be noted that with a normal (when the resonance length is 200-600 / zm) DFB laser, the structure of (1) has the highest single mode yield.
- the single mode yield is calculated by calculating ⁇ a Zgth for each of a total of 32 elements obtained by dividing the HR facet phase into eight equal parts from 0 to ⁇ and the CL facet phase into four equal parts from 0 to ⁇ .
- the evaluation was made based on the ratio of the elements having the obtained value power ⁇ or more.
- Figure 2 shows the calculation results. As can be seen from FIG. 2, a tendency similar to that of the conventional DFB laser is estimated for the ultra-short cavity DFB laser according to the present invention, and in the case of the asymmetric ⁇ ⁇ 4 structure, A good 59% yield was obtained.
- the magnitude of the mirror loss am itself was smaller than that of the asymmetric ⁇ ⁇ 4 structure (that is, the threshold current became smaller), but the result satisfying ⁇ a / gth> 1 was obtained. And the yield was 0%. From the above results, even in a DFB laser having an extremely short gain generation region length as in the present invention, at least the asymmetric ⁇ ⁇ 4 structure in which the gain generation region is divided into a ratio of 25:75 as in a normal DFB laser, It was confirmed that it was effective as a basic structure to obtain a high single mode yield. It is preferable to make the asymmetrical ⁇ 4 structure effective, and the allowable deviation of the ⁇ 4 shift position is, for example, within about ⁇ 5%.
- the diffraction grating of the distributed feedback semiconductor laser (DFB laser) of the present invention has only a refractive index coupling force.
- the introduction of the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4 shift was effective, and it was shown that the ⁇ ⁇ 4 shift position within the gain generation region was effective at a 25:75 position.
- the diffraction grating is a gain coupling or loss coupling, or a diffraction grating with a mixture of gain coupling, loss coupling and refractive index coupling, the ⁇ ⁇ 4 shift is not introduced.
- the same effect high single mode yield
- a diffraction grating having a gain coupling structure, a diffraction grating having a loss coupling structure, and a diffraction grating having a refractive index coupling structure and a ⁇ 4 shift structure are all theoretical.
- Single mode yield is 100%.
- the theoretical single mode yield does not reach 100%, but It is also possible to obtain a close yield, and the single-mode yield is remarkably improved as compared with a pure refractive index coupling structure other than the ⁇ 4 shift structure.
- ⁇ ⁇ 4 shift and end face structure as described above can achieve higher single-mode stability. It will be described whether or not both the low threshold current characteristic and the low threshold current characteristic can be satisfied.
- the index of ⁇ a Zgth includes a parameter of internal loss ai in principle, and the dependence on ai must be considered.
- ai has a lower limit of about several cm-1 and an upper limit of about 25 cm-1 depending on the thickness and doping concentration of the active layer when producing a laser. Therefore, it is necessary to consider within this range.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of examining the dependence of ⁇ a / gth on the length L of the gain generation region for various ⁇ when ai is the upper limit of 25 cm ⁇ 1.
- ⁇ a Zgth is less than 1 for any gain generation region length L.
- K is about 50 cm- 1
- the dependence of ⁇ a / gth on the length of the gain generation region is gentle and insensitive to L.
- ⁇ 100 cm- 1 or more and the length of the gain generation region is 150 / zm or less, there is a region where ⁇ a Zgth exceeds 1.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of examining the dependence of ⁇ a / gth on the length L of the gain generation region for various ⁇ when ai is the lower limit of 5 cm ⁇ 1 .
- ⁇ a Zgth> 1 can be obtained when the gain generation region length L is 150 ⁇ m or more.
- ⁇ a Zgth is less than 1.
- ⁇ a Zgth in the region where L is 150 ⁇ m or less is far more than 1. Can be larger.
- the configuration in which ⁇ is 100 cm- 1 or more and L is 150 ⁇ m or less has a very short gain generation region length! ⁇ DFB lasers have high single-mode stability. It can be said that this is an effective combination for obtaining the value, and is effective over a wide range from the lower limit of several cm- 1 to the upper limit of 25cm- 1 . Then, for a certain internal loss ai, the lower limit length of the gain generation region length L can be defined as a length at which ⁇ a Zgth becomes 1 or less.
- the axial spatial hole burring phenomenon basically depends on the axial light intensity distribution in the gain generation region. Then, in the case of a DFB laser whose end face structure (AR-HR) and ⁇ ⁇ 4 shift position are determined, the light intensity distribution is expressed only by the absolute value of the product ( ⁇ L) of the coupling coefficient ⁇ and the length L of the gain generation region. It is determined. Axial space In order to suppress the effect of hole burning and realize more stable operation, the value of K L should be set in the range of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the structure of the DFB laser which has an extremely short gain generation region and is effective in further improving the element characteristics, will be described. .
- the length of the gain generation region is set to 150 ⁇ m or less, and the length of the gain generation region is made extremely short. In the case of such a structure, it is extremely difficult to cleave both end surfaces as in the conventional case. There are also other handling problems. In other words, even if cleaved, if the entire length of the device including the distributed feedback semiconductor laser (DFB laser) is 150 ⁇ m or less, handling becomes extremely difficult when mounted on a module or the like. . However, since the front end face of the gain generation area must be reduced to 1% or less in reflection, it is desirable to have a flat cleavage plane in view of performing anti-reflection coating. In other words, one end face must be a cleavage plane.
- DFB laser distributed feedback semiconductor laser
- etching is used to form the rear end face of the gain generation region requiring a reflectance of 30% or more. Even if the shape of the high-reflection side end surface is slightly uneven, coating to achieve a reflectivity of 30% or more is sufficiently possible.
- the high reflection film for example, a metal electrode film for current injection or the like can be used.
- Forming the rear end face by etching has another merit. That is, integration of other functional areas.
- the DFB laser region length is 150 m or less, and the element length is set to about the length of a conventional single-function light source longer than 150 m in consideration of handling. If another functional area can be integrated in the area, a more sophisticated integrated element can be realized in a small size, and a high added value of the element can be obtained.
- another function of integrating through an end face gap formed by etching includes a light receiving function for monitoring.
- the integrated functional area force is also used in the present invention, so that the rear end face of the gain generation area and the function facing the rear end face are used.
- the front end face of the functional area is not parallel to the front end face of the area, and the front end face of the functional area is formed so as to be inclined with respect to the rear end face of the gain generation area.
- Such a structure can be easily realized by forming the end faces of other integrated functional regions by etching.
- FIG. 3 A configuration in which a monitor PD (photodiode) is monolithically stacked on a semiconductor laser is disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- the integration of the monitor PD requires the extremely short gain generation area as in the present invention.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Only when combined with a DFB laser, the monitor function can be maintained while maintaining the overall length of the device as short as a conventional semiconductor laser. Can be added, so there is a further merit.
- the reflectivity of the rear end face of the DFB laser (the end face on the monitor PD side) is made high to some extent, and the front end face of the monitor PD (the face facing the DFB laser) is also provided on the DFB laser end face.
- the reflected light is not suppressed by setting it in the inclined state, the reflected light of the monitor PD force in the vicinity will adversely affect the stable operation of the laser.
- the advantages of the present invention due to the configuration of the end face shape and the miniaturization of the integrated element also apply to the case where other functional areas other than the monitor PD are integrated. That is, according to the present invention, the overall size of the integrated device can be reduced, the device yield from the wafer can be improved, and the cost can be reduced.
- a diffraction grating or the like in the integrated functional region it is also preferable to form a diffraction grating or the like in the integrated functional region to have a light reflecting function.
- a highly reflective film or the like on the rear end face of (the gain generation region of) the DFB laser.
- the composition of the optical waveguide in the region having the light reflection function in consideration of the oscillation wavelength of the laser, the composition can be reduced only by reflection.
- a light receiving function can also be provided at the same time.
- the gain generation region is extremely short! ⁇
- the feature of the extremely short resonator that is, high resistance is possible.
- DFB lasers are monolithically arranged in an array, and each DFB laser has a different wavelength. Wavelength light sources can be provided at low cost.
- a product can be provided as a module by using an optical module including at least the DFB laser or the DFB laser array.
- a first effect is that a gain generation region is sandwiched between distributed feedback semiconductor lasers including a gain generation region for generating a gain of laser light and a diffraction grating formed inside the gain generation region.
- Front and rear The reflectance of the front end of the two end faces is set to 1% or less, and the rear end of the two end faces is set to 30% or more.
- ⁇ is set to 100 cm- 1 or more and L is set to 150 m or less
- the gain difference between modes is ⁇ H and the threshold gain is gth.
- a Use of a combination of ⁇ and L, where Zgth is 1 or more has extremely good single mode stability, can oscillate with low threshold current, and has a very short gain generation area.
- a distributed feedback semiconductor laser can be provided.
- the second effect is that, in addition to the above structure, by setting the product of the coupling coefficient ⁇ and the length L of the gain generation region to be 1 or more and 3 or less, the effect of the axial space hole bar Jung can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a distributed feedback semiconductor laser that achieves more stable single mode operation and obtains a high output characteristic under an operating condition after the oscillation threshold value and has a very short gain generation region.
- the third effect is that, in addition to the above structure, when plotting the dependence of ⁇ a Zgth on the length L of the gain generation region, the length of the gain generation region where ⁇ a Zgth has a peak value is represented by Lp
- the distributed feedback type has a high relaxation oscillation frequency fr and a very short gain generation region.
- a semiconductor laser can be provided.
- the fourth effect is that the diffraction grating formed inside the gain generation region has a gain coupling structure or a lossy coupling structure.
- the fifth effect is that, in particular, the diffraction grating formed inside the gain generation region has a refractive index coupling structure and a ⁇ 4 shift structure, and the ⁇ 4 shift position corresponds to the gain generation region.
- the length in the front-rear direction is 100%, since the position is located 75% ⁇ 5% behind the front end of the gain generation region, it has a higher single mode yield and the gain generation region is Extremely short! ⁇
- a distributed feedback semiconductor laser can be provided.
- the sixth effect is that the rear end face of the gain generating region is formed by etching, and the front-rear length of the entire device including the distribution feedback semiconductor laser is longer than 150 m. It is possible to provide a distributed feedback semiconductor laser that overcomes the difficulty of cleavage of a distributed feedback semiconductor laser having a short gain generation region, improves handling deterioration, and has a very short gain generation region.
- a seventh effect is that the element has a structure including another functional region integrated on the rear side of the distributed feedback semiconductor laser via the end face gap formed by the etching. By doing so, it is possible to provide a value-added semiconductor laser that realizes higher added value by further enhancing the function and has a very short gain generation region!
- An eighth effect is to provide a distributed feedback semiconductor laser in which a monitor PD is integrated and a gain generation area is extremely short by providing a light receiving function to another integrated function area. It comes out.
- the ninth effect is an effect that promotes the eighth effect.
- the front end face of another integrated functional area in an inclined state with respect to the rear end face of the gain generation area, It is possible to suppress the reflected return light from other functional areas into the gain generating area, realize stable distributed feedback laser operation, and provide a distributed feedback semiconductor laser having an extremely short gain generating area. it can.
- a tenth effect is that, by providing a reflection function to another integrated functional area, for example, the necessity of forming a high-reflection film on the rear end face of the gain generation area is eliminated, and the rear side for monitoring is eliminated. More light can be output. Furthermore, by providing a light receiving function as well as a reflection function in other functional regions, a compact monitor PD integrated type and a very short gain generation region! ⁇ a distributed feedback semiconductor laser can be provided.
- the eleventh effect is that a distributed feedback semiconductor laser having a lower threshold current and an extremely short gain generation region is set by setting the reflectance of the rear end face of the gain generation region to 90% or more. Can be provided. In order to make the reflectivity of the rear end face of the gain generating region 90% or more, for example, a high reflection film may be provided on the rear end face.
- the twelfth effect is that a light-guiding window for guiding light from within the gain-generating region is formed in the high-reflection film provided on the rear end face of the gain-generating region. It is possible to provide a distributed feedback semiconductor laser capable of extracting rear light for monitoring and having a very short gain generation region.
- a thirteenth effect is that by including at least one of Al, N, and Sb in the material constituting the gain generation region, the material is excellent in high-temperature operating characteristics, and A distributed feedback semiconductor laser having an extremely short gain generation area can be provided.
- the fourteenth effect is that by setting the series resistance of the distributed feedback semiconductor laser to 50 ⁇ ⁇ 10 ⁇ , impedance modulation with the driving 50 ⁇ system can be easily performed when the laser is modulated at high speed. And a distributed feedback semiconductor laser having a very short gain generation region.
- the fifteenth effect is that the distributed feedback semiconductor lasers of the present invention are monolithically arranged in an array, and that the distributed feedback semiconductor lasers have different wavelengths from each other.
- a multi-wavelength light source for a wavelength division multiplexing optical communication system can be provided at low cost.
- the sixteenth effect is that, by using the distributed feedback semiconductor laser of the present invention or the optical module including the distributed feedback semiconductor laser array of the present invention, high, single mode stability, and low
- a light source having a threshold current, a high fr characteristic, and the like can be provided by a system builder in the form of a module.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing ⁇ a Zgth dependence of a submode suppression ratio (SMSR).
- SMSR submode suppression ratio
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a single mode yield in a DFB laser having each structure.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a model of a DFB laser.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the dependence of a threshold current satisfying ⁇ a / gth ⁇ 1 on the length L of a gain generation region.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing a structure of a DFB laser monolithically integrated with a monitor PD according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view for explaining MQW-SCH growth and formation of a diffraction grating in a manufacturing process of the device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view for explaining growth of a p-InP clad and a p + -InGaAs cap in a manufacturing process of the device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view for explaining formation of a waveguide mesa in a manufacturing process of the device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view for explaining growth of a high-resistance InP block layer in a manufacturing process of the device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view for explaining element isolation in a manufacturing process of the element in FIG. 7.
- FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view for explaining electrode formation in a manufacturing process of the device of FIG. 7.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view showing a structure of a DFB laser according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of a DFB laser monolithically integrated with an external reflector according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of a laser array according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a state where the laser array of FIG. 17 and an AWG multiplexer are hybrid-integrated.
- FIG. 7 as a first embodiment of the present invention, a DFB laser (distributed feedback semiconductor laser) 1 and a monitor PD (another functional area having a light receiving function) 2 are integrally integrated.
- a perspective view of element 29 is shown.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of the element 29 shown in FIG.
- the Fe-doped InP current blocking layer 16 is partially broken to be in a transparent state.
- the SiN film 17 formed on the front end face of the monitor PD2 is seen through.
- the element 29 includes a monolithically integrated DFB laser (distributed feedback semiconductor laser) 1 and a monitor PD2.
- DFB laser distributed feedback semiconductor laser
- the front and rear length of the entire element 29 is, for example, 250 ⁇ m. That is, the front-rear length of the entire device including the DFB laser 1 is longer than 150 m.
- the front and rear length of (the gain generation region 30 of) the DFB laser 1 is, for example, 100 / zm, and the length of the gain generation region is extremely short as compared with the related art.
- the DFB laser 1 since the DFB laser 1 does not have a reflection function behind the DFB laser 1, the DFB laser 1 of the present embodiment can also be expressed as "extremely short cavity DFB laser". Also, in the present embodiment, an example in which the reflection function area is not provided on the rear side of the gain generation area 30 is described.
- the “reflectance of the front end from the rear end face lb side of lb” is the reflectivity of the rear end face lb.
- the DFB laser 1 is composed of 10 InGaAlAs-based multiple quantum wells (Multiple-Quantum-Well, MQW) 11 and AlGalnAs / AlInAs / lnGaAs P-based disposed on the n-InP substrate 10.
- An optical waveguide including an optical confinement layer (separate-confinement-heterostructure, SCH) 12a, 12b, and a diffraction grating 13 having a refractive index coupling structure and a ⁇ 4 shift structure, a ⁇ -InP clad 14, and a p + -InGaAs cap.
- a multilayer MQW11 is introduced in order to lower the carrier density of each single layer constituting the MQW11 and to improve the differential gain. Since the loss was as high as about 20 cm ⁇ 1 , referring to the graph of FIG. 4, the coupling coefficient of the diffraction grating 13 was set to 200 cm ⁇ 1, and the length before and after the gain generation region 30 was set to 100 m.
- the coupling coefficient of the diffraction grating 13 is ⁇ and the length before and after the gain generation region 30 is L
- ⁇ is set to 100 cm ⁇ 1 or more
- L is set to 150 m or less.
- the gain difference between the modes is ⁇ and the threshold gain is gth
- a combination of ⁇ and L where ⁇ aZgth is 1 or more is used.
- the force is not less than 3 and not more than the product of the coupling coefficient ⁇ and the length L of the gain generation region.
- the rear end face lb (see FIG. 8) of the DFB laser 1 is formed by ICP dry etching or the like, and the rear end face lb is used as a TiZP tZAu constituting the p-electrode 18a for the DFB laser.
- the rear end face lb is made highly reflective to, for example, a reflectance of 95% or more by coating with the metal multilayer film of the above.
- the front end face la (see FIG. 8) of the DFB laser 1 is formed by cleavage, and the front end face 1a has an anti-reflection (AR) coating (having a reflectance of 0.1% or less) (see FIG. 8). (Abbreviated).
- AR anti-reflection
- the reflectance of the front end face la of the two end faces before and after the gain generation area 30 is set to 1% or less, and the reflectance of the rear end face lb is set to 30% or more.
- ⁇ a Zgth is sufficiently 1 or more, and the KL value is 2, so that the influence of the axial space hole burring can be suppressed. Therefore, stable single mode operation (SMSR> 50dB) and low threshold current operation ( ⁇ 2mA) were realized.
- SMSR> 50dB stable single mode operation
- ⁇ 2mA low threshold current operation
- a driving current of 40 mA or more a front optical fiber output of 3 mW or more and a high fr characteristic exceeding 20 GHz can be obtained.
- the monitor PD2 is also integrated and configured to detect leaked light.
- Integrating the monitor PD2 in this way also has the advantage that the element 29 can be sized to be suitable for node ringing while effectively utilizing the margin area of the element 29.
- the shape of the electrode coating on the rear end face 1b of the DFB laser 1 was devised. It is effective to provide a lead-out window (not shown).
- a portion of the portion covering the rear end face lb of the DFB laser 1 is removed by removing the electrode in a rectangular shape having a width of about 2 m at a position slightly shifted laterally from the optical waveguide. Light extraction window is formed.
- the integrated monitor PD2 also has the same basic layer structure and composition wavelength as the DFB laser 1, but the laser-side end face of the monitor PD2 (that is, the DFB laser 1 in the monitor PD2).
- the opposing front end face 2a (see Fig. 8)) is parallel to the rear end face la of the DFB laser 1, as shown in Fig. 8, in order to suppress the reflected light returning into the optical waveguide of the DFB laser 1. Instead, it is formed in an inclined state with respect to the rear end face la.
- the inclination angle ⁇ is set according to the gap distance (end face gap) GL between the rear end face 30a of the DFB laser 1 and the front end face 2a of the monitor PD2 so that the reflected return light does not return to the optical waveguide on the laser side. I do.
- the gap distance GL is, for example, about 50 m
- the inclination angle ⁇ is, for example, 10 °.
- the total element length of the element 29 is 250 / zm, which is equal to that of the conventional 10G direct modulation type DFB laser.
- a high-value-added direct-modulation light source with the same element size as the conventional one and also an optical monitoring function was realized.
- the required voltage and current can be further reduced, and driving with an ultra-high speed 10G-CMOS driver is possible. Level and Become.
- the DFB laser 1 is shown in the region where the DFB laser 1 is formed even if the entire DFB laser 1 has not been formed yet.
- the monitor PD2 formation region is indicated as monitor PD2 even when the entire monitor PD2 is not yet formed.
- FIGS. 9 to 14 for convenience, only a single element portion is shown. For example, it is assumed that the wafer is in the state of being cut out by cleavage.
- an n-InGaAlAs first SCH layer 12a (100 nm thick) and a compressive strain of 1% were formed on an n-InP substrate 10 by metal organic chemical vapor deposition.
- 10-layer MQWl 1 consisting of InGaAlAs (5 nm thick) and 1% InGaAlAs (5 nm thick) barrier
- second SCH layer consisting of InGaAlAs (50 nm thick) ZlnAlAs (50 nm thick) ZlnGaAsP (150 nm thick) 12b and an extremely thin p-InP cover layer (not shown; 50 nm thick) are grown in this order.
- the p-InP cover layer (not shown) was subjected to the EB exposure method, and only the formation region of the DFB laser 1 was subjected to the diffraction grating pattern of the diffraction grating 13 having a ⁇ 4 shift (not shown). ) Is drawn.
- the diffraction grating period is, for example, about 200 nm
- the ⁇ Z4 shift position 31 (see FIG. 3) is a position 75 ⁇ ⁇ 5 / ⁇ m from the front end of the DFB laser 1. That is, the diffraction grating 13 has a refractive index coupling structure and a ⁇ 4 shift structure.
- the diffraction grating pattern thus drawn is transferred to the semiconductor by dry etching.
- the depth of the diffraction grating is, for example, about 100 nm, and the dry etching for the diffraction grating pattern is performed so that the InGaAsP layer of the second SCH layer 12b does not reach the layer containing A1 (that is, the InAlAs layer of the second SCH layer 12b).
- the dry etching for the diffraction grating pattern is performed so that the InGaAsP layer of the second SCH layer 12b does not reach the layer containing A1 (that is, the InAlAs layer of the second SCH layer 12b).
- the dry etching for the diffraction grating pattern is performed so that the InGaAsP layer of the second SCH layer 12b does not reach the layer containing A1 (that is, the InAlAs layer of the second SCH layer 12b).
- the waveguide mesa 32 including the respective regions of the DFB laser 1 and the monitor PD 2 is formed by dry etching. That is, the p + -InGaAs cap layer 15 is also removed by dry etching except for the mesa including the formation regions of the DFB laser 1 and the monitor PD2, up to the first SCH layer 12A.
- the width (dimension in the direction perpendicular to the waveguide direction) of the waveguide mesa 32 is, for example, about 1.5 ⁇ m in the formation area of the DFB laser 1, while the width of the monitor PD2 is in the formation area of the monitor PD2. For example, it is set to about 50 / zm to widen the light receiving area.
- the Fe-doped InP current blocking layer 16 was formed on both sides of the waveguide mesa 32 by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy to the same height as the waveguide mesa 32. grow up.
- a Fe-doped InP current blocking layer 16 doped with Fe and having a high resistance is used as the current blocking layer. Also good ⁇ .
- the waveguide mesa 32 is separated into the DFB laser 1 and the monitor PD 2 by etching the periphery of the monitor PD 2 in a U-shape using dry etching. In this etching, the surface layer of the n-InP substrate 10 is removed. By this etching, the rear end face lb of the DFB laser 1 (FIG. 8; also the rear end face of the gain generation region 30) and the front end face 2a of the motor PD2 (FIG. 8) are formed.
- the front end face 2a of the monitor PD2 has an inclination of, for example, 10 ° or more with respect to the rear end face lb so as not to be parallel to the rear end face lb of the DFB laser 1.
- the distance (gap distance GL) between DFB laser 1 and monitor PD2 is about 50 ⁇ m.
- a SiN film 17 is formed on the entire upper surface of the element 29.
- the SiN film 17 functions as a current blocking insulating film and a passivation film.
- a window 17a for current injection is opened in the SiN film 17 in the region of the DFB laser 1, and the A window for extracting current (not shown; similar in shape to the window 17a) is opened in the area of the Nita PD2.
- a p-electrode is formed on the upper surface of the element 29.
- the p-electrode 18a for B laser is formed.
- the DFB laser p-electrode 18a is made of, for example, TiPtAu.
- the DFB laser p-electrode 18a is formed so as to also cover the rear end face lb of the DFB laser 1.
- a high reflectance of, for example, 90% or more can be obtained as the reflectance of the rear end face la of the DFB laser 1.
- the DFB laser p-electrode 18a is formed with a minimum necessary area. This allows DF
- the capacitance of the p-electrode 18a for the B laser can be made sufficiently small, the modulation frequency targeted by the DFB laser 1 is not impaired.
- the p + -InGaAs cap layer 15 is covered through the current injection window (not shown) formed on the SiN film 17 and formed on the SiN film 17.
- the monitor PD p-electrode 18b is formed so as to cover the top.
- n-electrode 19 is formed on the back surface. Note that this n-electrode 1
- Reference numeral 9 is used for both the DFB laser 1 and the monitor PD2. Also, polishing the back of the wafer
- the device was separated into devices each including one DFB laser 1 and one monitor PD2, and device fabrication was broken.
- the series resistance of the DFB laser 1 alone was about 8 ⁇ .
- the size of the element 29 of the present embodiment is about 250 ⁇ m in length and about the same as the width of a conventional DFB laser. Since it is 250 / zm, the total yield of devices from a 2-inch wafer is about 20,000, the device yield is 60%, and a very good value of about 12,000 non-defective products was obtained. . The properties obtained are as described.
- the first to ninth effects and the eleventh to thirteenth effects can be obtained.
- the material of the optical waveguide includes an A1 material
- the present invention is not limited to this example.
- the present invention can be similarly performed with an N-based material such as GalnNAsZGaAs.
- the materials can be built on a GaAs wafer as a base, advantages such as the process being able to proceed with a larger wafer can be enjoyed.
- the material of the optical waveguide may be an Sb-based material. As described above, by including at least one of the material forces Al, N, and Sb constituting the gain generating region 30, the thirteenth effect can be obtained.
- the doping concentration of the p-InP cladding 14 can be reduced, the mesa width 1.5 m of the DFB laser 1 can be further reduced, and the length of the gain generation region can be reduced.
- the series resistance of the DFB laser 1 can be reduced to about 50 ⁇ ⁇ 10 ⁇ by shortening the length, and the fourteenth effect can be obtained.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the element 35 on which only the laser 1 is mounted may be used. That is, the element 35 according to the second embodiment is different from the element 29 shown in FIG. 7 only in that it does not include the monitor PD2.
- a waveguide mesa (not shown) only in the region of the DFB laser 1 is formed by the etching performed in the stage of FIG.
- the steps for forming the monitor PD2 are omitted.
- the front-to-rear length of the entire element 35 can be further reduced to, for example, about 200 m, and the high reflection film on the rear end face lb of the DFB laser 1 has a DFB laser.
- a dielectric multilayer film (not shown) can also be used in place of the P electrode 18a. According to the second embodiment, the first to sixth effects and the eleventh to thirteenth effects can be obtained.
- the region of the monitor PD2 is subjected to strip-shaped etching at an appropriate period, so that the region is divided into a plurality of portions as shown in FIG.
- the element 33 can also be an element 33 in which the external reflector 3 is integrated.
- the arrangement period of each divided portion in the external reflector 3 is, for example, about 400 ⁇ m, which is about twice the area of the DFB laser 1.
- the end faces (the front end face and the rear end face) of each divided portion in the external reflector 3 need to be parallel to the rear end face lb of the DFB laser 1, and Etching must be performed as such.
- the reflectivity is improved with the help of the external reflector 3, so that a high reflection film does not have to be formed on the rear end face lb of the DFB laser 1.
- the length of the gain generating region of the DFB laser 1 is, for example, about 80 / zm.
- the reflection function area that is, the external reflector 3 is provided behind the gain generation area 30, “the two end faces la and lb before and after the gain generation area 30 are sandwiched”
- the “reflectance viewed from the rear end face lb side to the front side” is a reflectivity that includes the reflection from the external reflector 3 in addition to the reflection by the rear end face lb.
- the first to seventh effects, the tenth effect, and the thirteenth effect can be obtained.
- the external reflector 3 is further provided with a monitor PD function by appropriately forming electrodes on the external reflector 3 so as to extract current. It is also possible, and in this case, the eighth effect can be obtained. However, in this case, since the reflectivity of the end face of the monitor PD and the external reflector 3 is slightly reduced, it is necessary to take measures such as increasing the length of the gain generation region of the DFB laser 1. It should be noted that the monitor PD function may be given to any one of the external reflectors 3 or to a plurality of divided parts! Is preferred)).
- a plurality of DFB lasers 1 (FIG. 7) integrated with the monitor PD2 can be monolithically arranged into an array.
- each DFB laser 1 is arranged such that the oscillation wavelength of each DFB laser 1 included in the array element (distributed feedback semiconductor laser array) 34 differs by about 20 nm.
- each DFB laser 1 is electrically insulated by the separation groove 26.
- the separation groove 26 is formed so as to reach the inside of the substrate 20 by etching.
- the interval between the DFB lasers 1 (the pitch of the center position of the gain generation region 30) is, for example, 500 m. That is all.
- each DFB laser 1 can also directly directly modulate the force on the upper surface of the array element 34 independently.
- the DFB laser n-electrode 23 and the monitor PD n-electrode 24 are formed so as to be connected to the n-InP contact layer 21. Because of the necessity, the etching from the state in FIG. 12 to the state in FIG. 13 must be performed in an h shape (in FIG. 18, a shape in which h is mirror-inverted).
- the array-shaped element 34 obtained as described above is hybrid-integrated with the AWG multiplexer 27, and the all-optical output ( ⁇ 1- Take out By connecting to an optical fiber, a DFB laser array light source applicable to CWDM applications can be realized.
- AWG multiplexer 27 instead of the AWG multiplexer 27 shown in Fig. 18, for example, a dielectric filter and a mirror may be used, or another multiplexer may be used.
- the first to ninth effects, the eleventh to thirteenth effects, and the fifteenth effect can be obtained.
- the present invention includes the elements 29, 35, and 33 according to the first to third embodiments, or the array-shaped element 34 according to the fourth embodiment. In this case, the sixteenth effect can be obtained.
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Abstract
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| US10/580,560 US20070104242A1 (en) | 2003-11-28 | 2004-11-12 | Distributed-feedback semiconductor laser, distributed-feedback semiconductor laser array, and optical module |
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| US (1) | US20070104242A1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JPWO2005053124A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005053124A1 (ja) |
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| JP2016197658A (ja) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-11-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 量子カスケード半導体レーザ |
| CN109792134A (zh) * | 2017-02-07 | 2019-05-21 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 电流注入式有机半导体激光二极管、其制造方法及程序 |
| US10998695B2 (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor laser device, manufacturing method thereof, and light emitting device |
| JP2021193756A (ja) * | 2016-09-26 | 2021-12-23 | 日本ルメンタム株式会社 | 光半導体素子、光モジュール及び光半導体素子の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9425917B1 (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2016-08-23 | Neophotonics Corporation | High data rate long reach transceiver using wavelength multiplexed architecture |
| JP2016197658A (ja) * | 2015-04-03 | 2016-11-24 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 量子カスケード半導体レーザ |
| US11539190B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2022-12-27 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | Continuous-wave organic thin-film distributed feedback laser and electrically driven organic semiconductor laser diode |
| US11909177B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2024-02-20 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | Continuous-wave organic thin-film distributed feedback laser and electrically driven organic semiconductor laser diode |
| US12015248B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2024-06-18 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | Continuous-wave organic thin-film distributed feedback laser and electrically driven organic semiconductor laser diode |
| JP2021193756A (ja) * | 2016-09-26 | 2021-12-23 | 日本ルメンタム株式会社 | 光半導体素子、光モジュール及び光半導体素子の製造方法 |
| JP7267370B2 (ja) | 2016-09-26 | 2023-05-01 | 日本ルメンタム株式会社 | 光半導体素子、光モジュール及び光半導体素子の製造方法 |
| CN109792134A (zh) * | 2017-02-07 | 2019-05-21 | 国立大学法人九州大学 | 电流注入式有机半导体激光二极管、其制造方法及程序 |
| US11626710B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2023-04-11 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | Current-injection organic semiconductor laser diode, method for producing same and program |
| US11955776B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2024-04-09 | Kyushu University, National University Corporation | Current-injection organic semiconductor laser diode, method for producing same and program |
| US10998695B2 (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2021-05-04 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Semiconductor laser device, manufacturing method thereof, and light emitting device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2005053124A1 (ja) | 2010-02-04 |
| US20070104242A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
| JP2009076942A (ja) | 2009-04-09 |
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