WO2005038441A1 - 3次元分析装置 - Google Patents
3次元分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005038441A1 WO2005038441A1 PCT/JP2004/014105 JP2004014105W WO2005038441A1 WO 2005038441 A1 WO2005038441 A1 WO 2005038441A1 JP 2004014105 W JP2004014105 W JP 2004014105W WO 2005038441 A1 WO2005038441 A1 WO 2005038441A1
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005283 ground state Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004141 dimensional analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
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- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYXSBFYARXAAKO-WTKGSRSZSA-N chembl402140 Chemical compound Cl.C1=2C=C(C)C(NCC)=CC=2OC2=C\C(=N/CC)C(C)=CC2=C1C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC VYXSBFYARXAAKO-WTKGSRSZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002073 fluorescence micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
- G01N21/6458—Fluorescence microscopy
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N2021/6417—Spectrofluorimetric devices
- G01N2021/6419—Excitation at two or more wavelengths
Definitions
- the present invention particularly limits the observation region of a stained sample three-dimensionally, and analyzes a physical quantity related to the size and number of molecules in the sample based on a light response generated from the observation region. It relates to a three-dimensional analyzer.
- Non-Patent Document 1 As an analysis method used in this kind of three-dimensional analyzer, for example, Masataka Kaneshiro, "Detection of DNA by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy", Journal of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering, vol. 65, No. 2, 1999, p. 175-180 (hereinafter referred to as Non-Patent Document 1) is known as a fluorescence correlation method.
- This fluorescence correlation method is a method that has been used for a long time in the analysis of diffusion motion of particles such as Brownian motion.For example, as shown in the principle diagram in FIG.
- the fluorescence intensity in the observation area irradiated with the laser beam is measured for a long time, a fluorescence correlation function between the magnitude of fluorescence fluctuation and time is calculated, and the fluorescence correlation function is calculated based on the fluorescence correlation function. It analyzes physical quantities related to the size and number of molecules. Here, assuming that the number of fluorescent molecules in the observation area is N, the fluorescence intensity is proportional to N, so if the magnitude of fluctuation is expressed by SZN, it becomes (1ZN) 1/2 .
- Fluctuation of fluorescence by the fluorescence correlation method is generally a force measured by an output current f (t) of a photomultiplier tube that receives fluorescence.
- the f (t) is an extremely large diameter of a laser beam. Absent In this case, it is proportional to the amount of fluorescence.
- the fluorescence correlation function is nothing less than obtaining a time-related correlation function for this f (t). If this is G ( ⁇ ), the fluorescence correlation function G ( ⁇ ) is given by the following equation (2). At this time, when the laser beam intensity is close to a Gaussian distribution, it can be simply expressed as in the following equation (3).
- the fluorescence correlation method is a physical quantity that can provide the translational diffusion coefficient of a fluorescent molecule.
- 1S Basically, any quantity of thermodynamic quantity that gives fluorescence fluctuations is measured by the same principle. Can be.
- the laser beam is traversed by the flow of fluorescent molecules, fluctuations in fluorescence can be observed.
- the speed of the molecule can be observed as fluctuation. In other words, the progress of the chemical reaction can be known in real time.
- the rotational motion of a molecule can also be measured.
- the number of molecules existing in the observation region can be directly measured from the intensity of the fluorescence correlation function G ( ⁇ ).
- the fluctuation f (t) within a specific measurement time at which the expected fluctuation phenomenon is completed is measured, and Equation (2) is used from the measured f (t).
- the mainstream is to use a CW (continuous light source) argon laser or krypton laser as the excitation light source to perform fluorescence correlation analysis of the dye molecules.
- Fig. 15 shows a typical conventional system for performing fluorescence correlation analysis.
- an argon laser 51 is used as an excitation light source, and the laser beam is transmitted through a beam splitter 52, and then focused and irradiated on a sample solution 54 containing fluorescent molecules by a lens 53.
- the fluorescence from the sample solution 54 is collimated by a lens 53, reflected by a beam splitter 52, and collected by a lens 55, and the collected fluorescence is passed through a pinhole 56 to form a photomultiplier.
- the detector 57 such as CCD, etc.
- the output is amplified by the preamplifier 58, it is converted into digital data by analog Z digital (A / D) conversion and taken into the computing device 60, which also has the power of a computer, where the correlation function ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is calculated. I have.
- the fluorescence correlation method is based on detecting fluctuations, it is desirable that the amount of fluorescent molecules existing in the observation region be as small as possible and one if possible.
- the lower limit of the light irradiation region that induces the fluorescence is limited by the numerical aperture ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ of the lens 53 and the wavelength of light from the following equation (4). This is called the diffraction limit. Therefore, as the absolute amount of fluorescent molecules increases, it is necessary to narrow the light irradiation area in order to correspondingly reduce the number of fluorescent molecules crossing the observation area.
- the focused diameter W of the laser beam is It is at most 436 nm.
- the thickness of the solution sample 54 is basically the same as the depth direction of the light. Therefore, in actual measurement sites, it is required that the concentration of the fluorescent molecules in the solution sample 54 to be analyzed be extremely diluted, which is a major limitation of the practicality.
- a pinhole 56 is generally installed at the confocal position so as to cut off the fluorescent light emitted in an area other than the focal plane! /
- the resolution in the depth direction remains at only several / zm.
- the positioning of the pinhole 56 is delicate, and the fluorescence of the measurement target is often cut.
- the conventional system as shown in FIG. Cannot easily apply the fluorescence correlation method and cannot expect a high three-dimensional spatial resolution.
- an object of the present invention made in view of a powerful situation is that even in a test solution containing a high concentration of photoresponsive molecules, the observation area is limited three-dimensionally and the correlation of photoresponse is determined.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional analyzer that can accurately calculate a function.
- the invention of a three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 1 that achieves the above object includes a first light source that generates a first light;
- a second light source that generates a second light having a different wavelength from the first light
- Calculating means for calculating a correlation function in the time domain of the response light based on the output of the light receiving means to analyze a desired physical quantity of the sample;
- the invention according to claim 2 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 1, wherein the sample includes molecules having at least three electronic states including a ground state.
- the first light has a wavelength that causes the molecule to transition from a ground state to a first electronically excited state
- the second light has a wavelength that causes the molecule to transition from the first electronically excited state to a second electronic state having a higher energy level.
- the invention according to claim 3 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 2, wherein the wavelength of the second light is in a stimulated emission wavelength band of the sample.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the wavelength of the second light is such that both the first light and the second light are irradiated. In a wavelength region that suppresses the generation of the response light in a spatial region.
- the invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the three-dimensional analyzer according to any one of claims 114, the response light is fluorescence.
- the invention according to claim 6 provides the three-dimensional analysis device according to any one of claims 115. And a first irradiation intensity adjustment unit and a second irradiation intensity adjustment unit for independently adjusting the irradiation intensity of the first light and the irradiation intensity of the second light on the sample. Is what you do.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the three-dimensional analysis device according to any one of claims 116, wherein at least the second light is coherent light. is there.
- the invention according to claim 8 is the three-dimensional analysis device according to any one of claims 117, characterized in that the three-dimensional analyzer has a spatial modulation means for spatially modulating the second light. That is what you do.
- the invention according to claim 9 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 8, wherein the spatial modulation means is a spatial phase modulation means.
- the invention according to claim 10 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 9, wherein the spatial phase modulating means is spatially discontinuous (2m + l) ⁇ with respect to the second light. (Where m is an integer).
- An eleventh aspect of the present invention is the three-dimensional analyzer according to the tenth aspect, wherein the spatial phase modulator has a phase plate force.
- a twelfth aspect of the present invention is the three-dimensional analyzer according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the phase distribution region has an optical thin film for generating the phase difference on an optical substrate. is there.
- the invention according to claim 13 is the three-dimensional analysis apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the phase distribution region has an etching region for generating the phase difference on an optical substrate. is there.
- the invention according to claim 14 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the phase distribution region has at least three concentric regions, and the adjacent region has the (2m + 1) A phase difference of ⁇ is generated.
- the invention according to claim 15 is the three-dimensional analysis apparatus according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the phase distribution region also has two concentric region forces.
- the invention according to claim 16 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 15, wherein a radius of the inner region of the two regions is 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ , and Light of light The bundle radius is 2 1/2 'r.
- the invention according to claim 17 is characterized in that, in the three-dimensional analyzer according to claim 16, the center of the inner region and the center of curvature of the light beam diameter of the second light are matched. It does.
- the invention according to claim 18 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to any one of claims 117, wherein the wavelength of the second light is obtained, and the numerical aperture of the optical system is NA.
- the apparatus has a positioning mechanism for positioning a focal point of the first light and the second light by the optical system on the sample with an accuracy of 0.2 ⁇ ⁇ .
- the invention according to claim 19 is the three-dimensional analyzer according to any one of claims 118, wherein the first light and the second light are applied to the sample by the optical system. And a two-dimensional scanning means for performing two-dimensional scanning in a plane orthogonal to the optical axis.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an electronic structure of a valence orbit of molecules constituting a sample.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing a first excited state of the molecule of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the same first excited state force returning to the ground state.
- FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing the same second excited state.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing the same second excited state force returning to the ground state.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a double resonance absorption process in a molecule.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of an example of a phase plate that can be used in the three-dimensional analyzer according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of another example of a phase plate that can be used in the same manner.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a light-converging pattern when receiving phase modulation.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing a simulation result of an intensity distribution near a focal point of light phase-modulated by the phase plate shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional analyzer according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of the phase plate shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the principle of the fluorescence correlation method.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the fluctuation of the fluorescence intensity by the same fluorescence correlation method.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a conventional fluorescence correlation analysis system.
- the three-dimensional analyzer according to the present embodiment irradiates a molecule having three quantum states including a ground state with two lights having different wavelengths to induce a double resonance absorption process. Based on the induced fluorescence suppression effect!
- Fig. 1 shows the electronic structure of the valence orbital of a molecule.
- SO state ground state
- Fig. 2 first electron excited state shown in Fig. 2
- S1 state the first electron excited state shown in Fig. 2
- S2 state the second electronically excited state
- S2 state the second electronically excited state Due to this excited state, many molecules do not emit fluorescence as shown in FIG. 5, and the excitation energy is given to the external medium as heat and returns to the SO state.
- FIG. 6 shows a conceptual diagram of the double resonance absorption process as in Fig. 5.
- the horizontal axis X shows the spread of spatial distance, and the spatial area A1 irradiated with light of wavelength ⁇ 2 and the wavelength The light of ⁇ 2 is not irradiated!
- the spatial region AO is shown.
- wavelength ⁇ 1 and wavelength ⁇ 2 are spatially superposed, and the fluorescent region is suppressed by irradiation with light of wavelength ⁇ 2.
- the fluorescent area can be narrower than the diffraction limit determined by the numerical aperture and wavelength of the condenser lens, and the spatial resolution can be substantially improved (hereinafter, referred to as Light of wavelength ⁇ 1 is called pump light, and light of wavelength 2 is called erase light). Therefore, by utilizing this principle, a super-resolution microscope using a double resonance absorption process exceeding the diffraction limit, such as a fluorescence microscope, can be realized.
- phase plate 1 for spatially modulating the erase light as shown in FIG. A method using 1 is known.
- the phase plate 1 is formed by depositing, on an optical substrate, an optical thin film that has been adjusted so that the phase of erase light that has passed at a position symmetrical to the optical axis is inverted. That is, there are four independent regions 2a-2d around the optical axis, and the phases of these regions 2a-2d are made to differ from each other by a quarter with respect to the wavelength of the erase light. If the light passing through the phase plate 1 is collected, the electric field is canceled on the optical axis, so that hollow erase light can be generated.
- the above-described super-resolution microscopy technology is applied to eliminate fluorescence in a selected spatial region, thereby measuring fluorescence emitted only from a three-dimensionally limited observation region. And its fluorescence correlation function.
- the phase plate 1 shown in FIG. 7 is a force for controlling the phase so that the light intensity always becomes zero on the optical axis of the erase light.
- the phase of light in the circular region 6 with a radius r (r ⁇ R) concentric with the pupil centered on the optical axis is changed by (2m + l) ⁇
- the condensing pattern can be calculated using the coordinate system shown in FIG. Is given by the following equation (5).
- ⁇ ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ) - ⁇ ) 2 + ⁇ y - ⁇ ) 2 + (z- f - ⁇ ⁇ 2 + y 2 + ( ⁇ - f) 2
- f represents the focal length of the optical system
- point (X, y, z) represents an observation point
- (6, ⁇ , r?) Represents an integration variable.
- the integration range has a numerical aperture NA corresponding to the entire optical system pupil plane.
- the region where the fluorescence of the molecule can be observed is limited to the above-mentioned very small space region due to the fluorescence suppression effect. become. Furthermore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-100102, by optimizing the intensity of the erase light, the region where the fluorescence suppression effect works can be further narrowed than ⁇ ⁇ , so that the substantial observation region can be For example, it is possible to further reduce the size to about 1/6 of the area where the erase light does not hit, and to form an extremely small observation area that is two orders of magnitude smaller in volume.
- the present inventors have conducted various experimental studies to appropriately control the spatial area of the erase light as described above, and to superimpose the erase light and the pump light at the focal point of the condenser lens to emit fluorescent light. They found that the area could be limited to a very small space area, and if such a method of irradiating the erase light and the pump light was introduced into the fluorescence correlation method, the behavior of one molecule in the observation area, which was a very small three-dimensional space, could be accurately determined The present inventors have found that the analysis can be performed well and have led to the present invention.
- the three-dimensional analyzer according to the present invention even for a solution having a high concentration, one-molecule analysis that was impossible by the conventional method can be performed. Also force, the observation area by optimization of the light intensity of Iresu light can also be analyzed in the further small space than 1. 0 X 10- 14 cm 3.
- the three-dimensional analyzer according to the present invention by irradiating the erase light and the pump light, three-dimensional resolution including the optical axis direction can be obtained. It is not necessary to use a small-diameter spatial filter to obtain the image, and only a large-diameter spatial filter that avoids stray light needs to be placed in front of the detector. This makes it very easy to adjust the optical system.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic configuration of a three-dimensional analyzer.
- the three-dimensional analyzer mainly has four independent units of a light source unit 10, a scan unit 20, a microscope unit 30, and an arithmetic unit 40. are doing.
- a case where a biological sample stained with rhodamine 6G is analyzed will be described as an example.
- Rhodamine 6G has an absorption band that is excited from the ground state (SO) to the first electronically excited state (S1) near the wavelength of 530 nm, and has a first electron excitation band in the wavelength band of 600 nm to 650 nm. It has been confirmed that the state (S1) has a double resonance absorption band that is excited to the second electronically excited state (S2) having a higher energy level (for example, E. Sahar and
- an LD-pumped mode-locked Nd: YAG laser 11 which is a coherent light source that generates pump light having a wavelength of 532 nm (second harmonic) as a first light source is provided in the light source unit 10.
- a continuous-wave Kr laser 12 which is a coherent light source that generates erase light having a wavelength of 647.lnm, is provided as a second light source.
- the light source unit 10 includes a rotating ND filter 13 as first irradiation intensity adjusting means for adjusting the light intensity of the pump light, and a rotating ND filter 13 as second irradiation intensity adjusting means for adjusting the intensity of the erase light.
- An ND filter 14, an iris 15 for adjusting the beam diameter of the erase light, a phase plate 16 as spatial phase modulation means for spatially modulating the erase light, and a beam combiner 17 for coaxially merging the pump light and the erase light. are provided.
- the erase light is continuously oscillated from the Kr laser 12, and is incident on the beam compina 17 through the rotary ND filter 14, the iris 15 and the phase plate 16, and the LD-excited mode lock is performed.
- the Nd: YAG laser 11 oscillates a pulse of pump light, passes through a rotating ND filter 13 and enters a beam combiner 17 .Then, the pump light and the erase light are coaxially combined by a beam combiner 17 to form a scan unit 20. Out.
- the phase plate 16 spatially modulates the erase so as to form a three-dimensional area where the erase light does not hit near the focal point of the objective lens of the microscope unit 30 described later. 12
- a phase including a circular etching region 16b with a radius of 1.76 mm and a depth of 718 nm formed by etching is formed on an optically polished quartz substrate 16a. It has a distribution area.
- the circular etching area 16 Specifically, b is formed so that the quartz substrate 16a is eroded by a chemical etching method so as to have an optical path length difference of ⁇ 2.
- the phase distribution region is formed on the phase plate 16 in this manner, the refractive index of the quartz substrate 16a with respect to the erase light having a wavelength of 647. lnm is 1.46, and thus the erase light passing through the circular etching region 16b is used. Has a phase difference of ⁇ with respect to the erase light passing through the other regions. Therefore, if the erase light transmitted through the phase plate 16 is condensed on the biological sample 35 stained with rhodamine 6G by the objective lens 32 of the microscope unit 30 to be described later, only the vicinity of the focal point becomes three-dimensional due to the interference effect near the focal point. Erased light having a light intensity of zero is obtained, which can stop the fluorescence of rhodamine 6G.
- the scanning unit 20 is provided with a half mirror 21, Ganolevano mirrors 22 and 23 as two-dimensional scanning means, a projection lens 24, a pinhorn 25, notch finolators 26 and 27, and a photomultiplier tube 28 as a light receiving means.
- the pump light and the erase light from the light source unit 10 are transmitted through the half mirror 21, then emitted to the microscope unit 30 through the galvanomirrors 22 and 23, and the fluorescence detected by the microscope unit 30 is After being reflected by the half mirror 21 via the galvanometer mirrors 23 and 22, the light is received by the photomultiplier tube 28 via the projection lens 24, the pinhole 25, and the notch filters 26 and 27.
- the pinhole 25 is arranged at a confocal point with respect to an objective lens 32 of the microscope unit 30 described later, and functions as a spatial filter. This means that it also generates a force other than the sample 35 set in the microscope unit 30, such as cutting the fluorescence and scattered light from the optical system to increase the SZN of the measurement, and at the same time, at a specific depth in the sample 35. It has an optical sectioning function to select only emitted fluorescent light, that is, a tomographic function using light.
- the notch filters 26 and 27 serve to remove pump light and erase light mixed in the fluorescence.
- the microscope unit 30 is a so-called ordinary fluorescence microscope, and includes a half mirror 31, an objective lens 32, a positioning stage 33, and an eyepiece lens 34.
- the microscope unit 30 receives the pump light and the erase light from the scan unit 20 by using a half mirror. After being reflected by 31, it is focused by an objective lens 32 that constitutes a focusing optical system onto a sample 35 mounted on a positioning stage 34, and As a result, the fluorescence emitted from the sample 35 is reflected by the half mirror 31 via the objective lens 32 and emitted to the scan unit 20, and the fluorescence transmitted through the half mirror 31 is guided to the eyepiece 34 constituting the observation means. Constitute.
- the arithmetic unit 40 includes a preamplifier 41, an analog Z digital (AZD) converter 42, a personal computer (PC) 43 as an arithmetic means, and a timer 44, and a photomultiplier tube 28 of the scan unit 20.
- the AZD converter 42 After being amplified by the preamplifier 41, the AZD converter 42 converts the signal into a digital signal and stores it in the PC 43.
- the sampling timing of the AZD conversion by the AZD converter 42 is controlled by the timer 44 based on the pulse oscillation cycle signal of the pump light by the LD-excited mode-locked Nd: YAG laser 11 and the reference clock signal of the PC 43.
- the beam diameter of the erase light transmitted through the phase plate 16 is adjusted by the iris 15 so as to be 5 mm, which is 21/2 times the diameter of the circular etching region 16b of the phase plate 16, and By aligning the optical axis of the erase light with the center of the circular etching region 16b, the intensity of the erase light at the focal point of the objective lens 32 is completely canceled by the interference effect.
- the diameter is approximately 460 nm in the focal plane, near the focal plane, and substantially in the optical axis direction.
- the positioning stage 34 on which the sample 35 is mounted must be at least in the optical axis direction. It is configured to have an accuracy of 0.2 0 ⁇ ⁇ or more.
- the positional resolution in the optical axis direction is approximately 90 nm, and therefore, the resolution is higher than 90 nm. It is configured to have a degree.
- the positioning stage 34 is, for example, a three-dimensional inchworm stage using a piezoelectric element, ie, a piezo element as a drive source. Etc. If a piezoelectric element is used as a drive source in this way, positioning accuracy up to 10 nm can be realized by computer control using an encoder.
- the irradiation position of the pump light and the erase light on the sample 35 by the objective lens 32 is set to a desired position by the galvanometer mirrors 22, 23 and the positioning stage 34.
- the sample lens 35 is continuously irradiated with erase light and the pump light is intermittently irradiated with the objective lens 32 in this state, and the fluorescence intensity signal obtained from the photomultiplier tube 28 when the pump light is irradiated is obtained.
- the PC 43 uses the fluorescence correlation function G ( ⁇ ), And a desired physical quantity such as the molecular weight of the measured molecule and the diffusion coefficient based on the fluorescence correlation function G ( ⁇ ).
- the fluorescence observation region can be three-dimensionally limited to a very small region, and thus the case where sample 35 contains a high concentration of measurement molecules is used. Also, the fluorescence correlation function can be accurately calculated, and the desired physical quantity can be analyzed with high accuracy.
- the three-dimensional analyzer since the three-dimensional analyzer according to the present embodiment has galvanomirrors 22 and 23 for two-dimensional scanning, pump light and erase light are applied on sample 35 by these galvanomirrors 22 and 23.
- a two-dimensional fluorescence image of the sample 35 can be obtained as an advanced microscope, and the pump light and erase light are two-dimensionally scanned while the sample 35 is sequentially moved in the optical axis direction by the positioning stage 34.
- a three-dimensional fluorescence image of the sample 35 can be obtained.
- a fluorescence correlation function at each measurement point of a two-dimensional fluorescence image or a three-dimensional fluorescence image can also be calculated, a much richer amount of information can be obtained than with a conventional fluorescence microscope.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but can be variously modified or changed.
- the phase plate 16 shown in FIG. 11 is not limited to etching, but may be configured to give a phase difference of (2m + 1) ⁇ by a vapor deposition method.
- Futsudani Magnesium (MgF) has a refractive index of 1.38 with respect to the wavelength of erase light.
- This magnesium fluoride is deposited on a glass substrate having a refractive index of 1.46 with a thickness of 760 nm, for example.
- the phase plate 16 may be a phase plate having two concentric circular regions as a phase distribution region, or may have three or more concentric circular regions and be adjacent to each other. It is better to use ones whose regions are configured to generate different phase differences of (2m + l) ⁇ .
- the spatial phase modulating means is not limited to a phase plate, and may be constituted by, for example, a liquid crystal type spatial light modulator.
- a spatial phase modulating means for example, a deformable mirror (
- the observation area can be three-dimensionally limited by spatially modulating the erase light with a spatial modulation means such as a deformable mirror.
- the present invention is not limited to the analysis of a sample by a fluorescence correlation function, but can be effectively applied to the analysis of a sample by a correlation function of response light other than fluorescence, for example, phosphorescence, depending on a stain substance. it can.
- the first light and the second light having different wavelengths are at least partially spatially overlapped and condensed and irradiated on the sample, so that the photoactive region of the sample is three-dimensionally limited. Then, by calculating the correlation function of the response light generated in the photoactive region and analyzing the desired physical quantity of the sample, even a test solution containing a high concentration of photoresponsive molecules can be analyzed. In addition, the correlation function of the optical response can be accurately calculated, and a desired physical quantity can be analyzed with high accuracy.
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Abstract
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US11/404,248 US7304315B2 (en) | 2003-10-15 | 2006-04-13 | Three dimensional analyzing device |
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JP2003355327A JP3993553B2 (ja) | 2003-10-15 | 2003-10-15 | 3次元分析装置 |
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US11/404,248 Continuation US7304315B2 (en) | 2003-10-15 | 2006-04-13 | Three dimensional analyzing device |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2015007809A (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2015-01-15 | カール ツァイス マイクロスコピー ゲーエムベーハーCarl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | 分解能の向上した顕微鏡法および顕微鏡 |
US10558028B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2020-02-11 | Olympus Corporation | Super-resolution microscope |
Families Citing this family (10)
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JP2006047912A (ja) * | 2004-08-09 | 2006-02-16 | Olympus Corp | 超解像顕微鏡 |
US7633048B2 (en) * | 2007-04-19 | 2009-12-15 | Simon John Doran | Fast laser scanning optical CT apparatus |
DE102007032181B4 (de) * | 2007-07-11 | 2012-02-16 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Optische Anordnung und ihre Verwendung |
DE102007039111B4 (de) * | 2007-08-18 | 2014-11-20 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | STED-Fluoreszenzmikroskopie mit Zweiphotonen-Anregung |
US8179525B2 (en) * | 2008-03-31 | 2012-05-15 | Jawaharial Nehru Centre For Advanced Scientific Research | Mirror mounted inside filter block of a fluorescence microscope to perform SERS and method thereof |
JP5484879B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-11 | 2014-05-07 | オリンパス株式会社 | 超解像顕微鏡 |
DE102010013830A1 (de) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-29 | Carl Zeiss Microlmaging Gmbh | Mikroskop und Verfahren zur mikroskopischen Erfassung von Licht einer Probe |
FR2966258B1 (fr) * | 2010-10-15 | 2013-05-03 | Bioaxial | Système de microscopie de superresolution de fluorescence et méthode pour des applications biologiques |
US20120170049A1 (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2012-07-05 | Simon John Doran | Novel method and apparatus for 3-D scanning of translucent samples for radiation |
JP5391336B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-01-15 | パナソニック株式会社 | 発光素子の製造方法、及び、発光素子の製造装置 |
Citations (3)
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JP2001272343A (ja) * | 2000-03-23 | 2001-10-05 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 二重共鳴吸収顕微鏡 |
JP2001272346A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-05 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 蛍光相関法 |
JP2002062261A (ja) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 光学装置および顕微鏡 |
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WO1992013265A1 (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1992-08-06 | The University Of Maryland | Method and apparatus for multi-dimensional phase fluorescence lifetime imaging |
EP0801759B1 (de) * | 1994-02-01 | 2001-08-08 | Stefan Dr. Hell | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum optischen messen eines probenpunktes einer probe mit hoher ortsauflösung |
US5952668A (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1999-09-14 | Baer; Stephen C. | Resolution in microscopy and microlithography |
JPH1195120A (ja) * | 1997-09-19 | 1999-04-09 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 顕微鏡の観察方法 |
JP3350442B2 (ja) * | 1998-04-09 | 2002-11-25 | 科学技術振興事業団 | 顕微鏡システム |
US6844963B2 (en) * | 2000-03-23 | 2005-01-18 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Double-resonance-absorption microscope |
DE10235914B4 (de) * | 2002-08-06 | 2020-12-31 | Leica Microsystems Cms Gmbh | Lichtquelle zur Beleuchtung mikroskopischer Objekte und Scanmikroskopsystem |
-
2003
- 2003-10-15 JP JP2003355327A patent/JP3993553B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2004-09-27 WO PCT/JP2004/014105 patent/WO2005038441A1/ja active Application Filing
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Patent Citations (3)
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JP2001272343A (ja) * | 2000-03-23 | 2001-10-05 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 二重共鳴吸収顕微鏡 |
JP2001272346A (ja) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-05 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 蛍光相関法 |
JP2002062261A (ja) * | 2000-08-21 | 2002-02-28 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 光学装置および顕微鏡 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2015007809A (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2015-01-15 | カール ツァイス マイクロスコピー ゲーエムベーハーCarl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | 分解能の向上した顕微鏡法および顕微鏡 |
US10558028B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2020-02-11 | Olympus Corporation | Super-resolution microscope |
Also Published As
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JP3993553B2 (ja) | 2007-10-17 |
US7304315B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 |
JP2005121432A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
US20060290924A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
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