WO2005028600A1 - Procedimiento para regenerar aceites usados por desmetalizacion y destilacion - Google Patents
Procedimiento para regenerar aceites usados por desmetalizacion y destilacion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005028600A1 WO2005028600A1 PCT/ES2004/000418 ES2004000418W WO2005028600A1 WO 2005028600 A1 WO2005028600 A1 WO 2005028600A1 ES 2004000418 W ES2004000418 W ES 2004000418W WO 2005028600 A1 WO2005028600 A1 WO 2005028600A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- distillation
- carried out
- atmospheric
- demetallized
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/02—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning mineral-oil based
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0016—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0025—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes
- C10M175/0033—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes using distillation processes; devices therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates, in general, to the regeneration of used oils; industrial operation that consists of recovering the base oils separating them from the additives as well as their degradation products and the contaminants acquired in their use or collection. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for regenerating used oils of petroleum origin by demetalization and distillation.
- lubricant bases Refined oils of petroleum origin that are used to make lubricants and other industrial oils are called lubricant bases.
- Lubricants and other industrial oils are formulated by mixing the lubricant bases with additives, some of which contain metals (Ca, Zn, etc.), which give them the qualities required by the service they have to provide (resistance to oxidation, shear and temperature, emulsifying and antifoaming qualities, little variation in viscosity with temperature, etc.).
- additives some of which contain metals (Ca, Zn, etc.), which give them the qualities required by the service they have to provide (resistance to oxidation, shear and temperature, emulsifying and antifoaming qualities, little variation in viscosity with temperature, etc.).
- used oils Discarded oils, after their service in engines or other machines, are called used oils.
- the regeneration of used oils consists in recovering the lubricant bases separating them from the additives as well as their degradation products (lighter petroleum fractions such as naphtha and gas-oil, and heavier as asphalts and coke) and contaminants acquired in their use or collection, in workshops and oil stations, such as water solvents and glycols.
- the present invention consists of a chemical demetalization process followed by a distillation of the demetalized product in the presence of alkaline hydroxides, both carried out at moderate temperatures and under conditions such that lubricating bases are obtained with good characteristics of smell and color, acidity and corrosion to the copper foil and meeting other specifications typical of the first refining lubricant bases.
- the object of the present invention is to regenerate used oils by means of a chemical demetalization process that does not require expensive hydrogenation or acid and soil treatments, to achieve lubricating bases that meet the specifications of the first refining bases.
- the present invention provides a method of regeneration of mineral oils used to obtain lubricant bases comprising the following steps: (a) demetalization of the mineral oil used by chemical treatment of said oil with an aqueous solution of a reagent chemical containing anions that form poorly soluble salts with the metals in the oil, followed by separation of the demetalized oil; (b) distillation of the demetallized oil obtained in step (a) at atmospheric pressure and in the presence of alkali hydroxides; and (c) distillation of the liquid residue obtained in the atmospheric distillation of step (b) under vacuum and in the presence of alkaline hydroxides to obtain lubricant bases.
- Said process can be carried out in continuous mode or in discontinuous mode, preferably in continuous mode.
- salts in the context of the invention refers to salts that tend to precipitate in the medium in which they are dissolved.
- the chemical reagent employed in step (a) is an ammonium salt; said reagent being used in a proportion of 0.5 to 5% by weight of ammonium salt in relation to the oil used.
- said ammonium salt contains anions of the phosphate and sulfate group, said monoammonium or diammonium phosphate salt, or monoammonium or diammonium sulfate, or a mixture thereof being able to be.
- the chemical treatment of step (a) is It is carried out continuously in tubular reactors, or in one or several reactors of total mixture in series or in a combination of both systems, and in which the reaction is carried out at temperatures between 120 and 180 ° C, at pressures between 3 and 11 bar and with residence times in the reactors between 10 and 120 minutes.
- step (a) the separation of step (a) is carried out continuously by adiabatic decompression that produces a sudden or "flash" vaporization, so that at least a part of the water and hydrocarbons are vaporized and light solvents Said hydrocarbons and light solvents are collected and decanted after condensation.
- the liquid obtained after decompression and sudden vaporization is cooled and separated in a sludge containing the metal salts, an aqueous phase with the excess reagent, and the demetallized oil.
- the separation of the demetallized oil, the metal salt sludge and the aqueous phase with excess reagent is preferably carried out by continuous centrifugation in one or two stages in series.
- step (b) the demetallized oil is continuously distilled at atmospheric pressure in the presence of alkaline hydroxides, so that the remains of water, hydrocarbons and light solvents are distilled, together with the ammonia released by the effect of alkali hydroxides.
- the distillate is subjected to condensation, followed by decantation, so that an organic phase containing hydrocarbons and light solvents is obtained, and an aqueous phase containing ammonia.
- the incondensables of the distillate are washed with water or with an aqueous solution of an acid to retain the ammonia in aqueous solution, which is added to the previously obtained ammonia aqueous phase.
- this distillation operation at atmospheric pressure is carried out by indirect heating by means of a thermal fluid at temperatures below 300 ° C.
- said atmospheric distillation is carried out continuously by subjecting the demetallized oil to sudden vaporization or "flash" at temperatures between 200 and 300 ° C.
- step (c) the liquid residue obtained in the atmospheric distillation of step (b) is distilled to vacuum in a rectifying column continuously in the presence of alkaline hydroxides, preferably at a pressure between 2 to 10 mbar at the head of a column and a temperature of the feed to the column between 310 to 335 ° C, obtaining as lateral cuts a vacuum diesel, one or more fractions of lubricant bases and a residue with characteristics of fuel oil or asphalt component.
- the fractionation column preferably operates at low pressure (2 to 10 steal head) , with low pressure drop (filling instead of perforated plates or plates) and with heating of the column feed by means of a thermal oil at a temperature below 385 ° C in a tubular heat exchanger with great speed of passage through the tubes
- step (b) is preferably carried out in a tubular heat exchanger with great speed of passage through the tubes, the heating fluid circulating on the outside thereof being a thermal oil preferably at a temperature less than 300 ° C.
- distillations of steps (b) and (c), ie atmospheric pressure distillation and vacuum distillation are performed in tubular heat exchangers, in which the oil demetalized obtained in stage (a), or the liquid residue obtained in the atmospheric distillation of stage (b), circulates at high speed inside the tubes and in which the heating fluid outside them is a thermal oil that preferably circulates at temperatures below 300 ° C in atmospheric distillation and at 385 ° C in vacuum distillation.
- Another characteristic of the claimed process is the use of proportions of alkaline hydroxides between 0.5 and 5% by weight of oil, greater than those described in the literature (generally less than 0.5% by weight), since sufficient is required hydroxide to displace the ammonia contained in the demetalized oil.
- the alkali hydroxide used in steps (b) and (c) is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or a mixture of both, which is preferably added in a proportion of 0.5 % to 5% by weight relative to the demetallized oil, more preferably in a proportion of 0.5% to 3%, so that said addition is made entirely before atmospheric distillation, or part before atmospheric distillation and part before vacuum distillation.
- FIGURES Figure 1 attached illustrates the process of the invention, carried out continuously, as described below:
- the stream of used oil to be regenerated (1) and that of chemical reagent (2), ammonium phosphate in aqueous solution, for example, are introduced into the reaction device (A) where they are reacted to form the metal salts .
- reaction device (A) can be a tubular reactor, one or more stirred reactors arranged in series, or a combination of both, where the pressure reaction is preferably carried out continuously.
- the product flowing from the reaction device (A) undergoes a decompression in (B) separating vapors that condense in (C) and decant into two phases in (D), giving rise to an organic phase (3) of hydrocarbons and light solvents (in the range of gasoline and kerosene) and an aqueous phase (4).
- phase separation system (F) may be a combination of decantation, filtration and centrifugation techniques, in the process of the present invention the separation of an oily sludge containing the metal salts (6), an aqueous phase with the excess reagent (7), and the demetalized oil (5), is advantageously achieved by continuous centrifugation in one or two series centrifuges.
- the aqueous solution containing the excess reagent (7) can be recycled, at least in part, to Prepare the chemical reagent (1) again, while the phase containing the metal salts (6) is sent to a waste manager for further processing.
- the demetallized oil (5), mixed with the alkali hydroxide solution (8) is subjected to continuous atmospheric distillation in (G), obtaining vapors that condense in (H) and decant in (I), obtaining from this so an organic phase (9) of hydrocarbons and solvents, of a higher boiling point than those separated in the stream (3), in the range of kerosene and light gas-oil, and an aqueous phase (10) containing the displaced ammonia by the alkaline reagent.
- the incondensables emitted by the decanter (I) are washed with water or with an aqueous solution of an acid to retain the ammonia that is added to the previously obtained ammoniacal aqueous solution (10).
- the bottom of the atmospheric distillation optionally with a second addition of alkaline hydroxide (8), is subjected to rectification in a vacuum distillation column (J), thus separating a vacuum gas-oil (11), one or more cuts sides of lubricating bases (12) (such as SN-150 and SN-350) and a column bottom (13) having characteristics of fuel oil or asphaltic component.
- a vacuum distillation column J
- lubricating bases such as SN-150 and SN-350
- 1000 g of used oil are mixed with a saturated aqueous solution containing 25 g of diammonium phosphate and heated for 50 minutes at 150 ° C in a 6 bar autoclave provided with mechanical stirring.
- the autoclave After the reaction, the autoclave is decompressed, condensing the vapors through a refrigerant and collecting an aqueous condensate from which, by decantation, 20 g of hydrocarbons and light chlorinated products are separated.
- the content of the autoclave after decompression, is cooled to room temperature and centrifuged, separating 30 g of a sludge containing metal phosphates (zinc, calcium, etc.), the aqueous phase containing the excess of ammonium phosphate and 910 g of demetallized oil containing 123 ppm of metals (Zn: 30 ppm; Ca: 39 ppm).
- the 910 g of demetallized oil is distilled at atmospheric pressure to reach 280 ° C. In this way, an organic phase (light gas-oil, solvents, etc.) of which the distilled water is decanted is obtained, leaving a distillation residue containing the demetallized oil.
- the residue is distilled under vacuum (15 mm Hg) obtaining 61 g of heavy gas oil, 393 g of light base oil and 306 g of heavy base oil leaving a residue of 114 g of fuel oil in the distillation flask or asphalt component.
- the base oils obtained have strong coloration (2.5 to 5.0), odor, acidity greater than 0.1 mg KOH / g and their IR spectrum denotes a remarkable concentration of oxygenated products in the band 1700 - 1730 cm "1 , requiring an additional treatment by adsorbent land or by hydrogenation, to meet the typical specifications of first refining lubricant bases.
- the oil obtained had 2.5 color, acidity: 0.04 and slight odor.
- the yield in lubricant fractions is 74% by weight on the dry oil used on a dry basis, before these additional treatments with earth, and 72% after the treatment with earth.
- Example No. 1 shows that by performing the distillation of the demetallized oil under low temperature conditions, a base oil is obtained with good yields, but with characteristics that still require a final treatment with earth or by hydrogenation.
- the 910 g of demetallized oil is mixed with saturated potassium hydroxide solution containing 25 g of potassium hydroxide and distilled at atmospheric pressure to reach 280 ° C.
- the distillate is collected on water to retain the ammonia released.
- An ammonia solution containing 15 g of ammonia is thus obtained, from which 33 g of an organic phase containing the kerosene, light gas oil and solvents are decanted.
- the atmospheric distillation residue containing the previously added sodium hydroxide is subjected to vacuum rectification (2 mm Hg), obtaining 55 g of spindel oil (SN-80), 400 g of light base oil (SN- 150) and 235 g of heavy base oil (SN 350), leaving 200 g as waste.
- the yield in lubricant bases is 67% by weight on oil used in dry basis.
- the base oils obtained have typical characteristics of first refining products and meet the usual market specifications for these products, without the need for further treatments, as follows: SN-150 SN-350 SN-80 Color (ASTM D 1500 ) 0.5+ 1.5 0.5 Viscosity cst at 40 ° C (ASTM D445) 24 56 8.7 Acidity mg KOH / g (ASTM D664) 0.02 0.03 0.00 Water% (Karl Fisher) ⁇ 0.01 ⁇ 0.01 ⁇ 0.01 Flash point ° C (ASTM D92) 236 243 Carbon Ra sbottom% (ASTM D524) ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ 0.05
- Example 2 demonstrates that demetalization, followed by distillation, both performed under moderate temperature conditions and in the presence of an alkali hydroxide, as specified in the present invention, gives rise to base oils with the typical characteristics of the First refining base oils.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04766956A EP1712608B1 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Method for regenerating used oils by demetallization and distillation |
CN200480031509.7A CN1871330B (zh) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | 脱金属和蒸馏再生废油的方法 |
AT04766956T ATE440934T1 (de) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Altílregenerationsverfahren mit demetallisation und destillation |
US10/573,012 US7431829B2 (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Method for regenerating used oils by demetallization and distillation |
DE602004022872T DE602004022872D1 (de) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Altölregenerationsverfahren mit demetallisation und destillation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ESP200302203 | 2003-09-23 | ||
ES200302203A ES2199697B1 (es) | 2003-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Procedimiento para regenerar aceites usados por desmetalizacion y destilacion. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005028600A1 true WO2005028600A1 (es) | 2005-03-31 |
Family
ID=31897138
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/ES2004/000418 WO2005028600A1 (es) | 2003-09-23 | 2004-09-23 | Procedimiento para regenerar aceites usados por desmetalizacion y destilacion |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7431829B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1712608B1 (es) |
CN (1) | CN1871330B (es) |
AT (1) | ATE440934T1 (es) |
DE (1) | DE602004022872D1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2199697B1 (es) |
RU (1) | RU2356939C2 (es) |
WO (1) | WO2005028600A1 (es) |
Cited By (1)
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CN103242950A (zh) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-14 | 宁波市蓝润石化有限公司 | 一种无污染的废润滑油再生工艺 |
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CN106615685A (zh) | 2009-05-26 | 2017-05-10 | 富禄德奎普有限公司 | 用于从全酒糟副产品中生产高蛋白玉米粉的方法 |
FR2961521B1 (fr) | 2010-06-22 | 2013-07-12 | Conception D Equipements Pour L Environnement Et L Ind Soc D | Procede de purification d'une charge hydrocarbonee usagee |
CN103266008B (zh) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-10-01 | 山东信诺润滑油有限公司 | 一种废润滑油再生方法 |
CN104371759A (zh) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-25 | 宁波北仑千和环保工程有限公司 | 一种废矿物油综合利用装置 |
MX2016005893A (es) | 2013-11-08 | 2016-08-17 | Sener Ing & Sist | Proceso para aumentar el rendimiento de bases lubricantes en la regeneracion de aceites usados. |
RU2630486C1 (ru) * | 2016-06-27 | 2017-09-11 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Нитро-Технологии Саяны" (ООО "НТ Саяны") | Способ обработки отработанных жидких нефтепродуктов для изготовления смесевых взрывчатых веществ, содержащих окислитель в виде солей - нитратов |
US10961466B2 (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2021-03-30 | Basis Energy Purification, Llc | Purification of renewable oils |
CA3025239A1 (en) | 2017-11-27 | 2019-05-27 | Fluid Quip Process Technologies, Llc | Method and system for reducing the unfermentable solids content in a protein portion at the back end of a corn dry milling process |
CN108998194B (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2021-07-27 | 闽江学院 | 一种废润滑油脱色方法 |
US10875889B2 (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2020-12-29 | Fluid Quip Technologies, Llc | Method and system for producing a zein protein product from a whole stillage byproduct produced in a corn dry-milling process |
CN112725059A (zh) * | 2019-10-28 | 2021-04-30 | 苏州九发节能环保科技有限公司 | 一种长效导轨油及其制备方法 |
CN111876197A (zh) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-03 | 湖北润驰环保科技有限公司 | 一种化学精制法处理废润滑油的预处理工艺 |
CN115109614B (zh) * | 2021-03-23 | 2023-11-17 | 李晶 | 废矿物油再生基础油防结焦防夹带工艺方法 |
CN114250106B (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-01-10 | 安徽国孚生态工程技术有限公司 | 一种废内燃机油蒸馏脱金属方法 |
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US3930988A (en) | 1975-02-24 | 1976-01-06 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Reclaiming used motor oil |
FR2552098A1 (fr) * | 1983-09-21 | 1985-03-22 | Buss Ag | Procede et dispositif pour le retraitement d'huiles usees |
EP0690903A1 (fr) | 1993-03-22 | 1996-01-10 | Societe Tunisienne De Lubrifiants-Sotulub | Procede et installation de regeneration d'huiles lubrifiantes |
US6117306A (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 2000-09-12 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Catalytic process for conversion of a petroleum residue using a fixed bed hydrodemetallization catalyst |
ES2125208T3 (es) * | 1995-06-22 | 2001-09-01 | Bernard Chavet | Procedimiento de refinado de aceites usados por tratamiento alcalino. |
ES2169748T3 (es) * | 1994-10-17 | 2002-07-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Metodo e instalacion para la purificacion de aceites usados. |
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US3879282A (en) * | 1974-02-26 | 1975-04-22 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Reclaiming used motor oil by chemical treatment with ammonium phosphate |
US4071438A (en) * | 1976-06-03 | 1978-01-31 | Vacsol Corporation | Method of reclaiming waste oil by distillation and extraction |
US4151072A (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1979-04-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Reclaiming used lubricating oils |
US4247389A (en) | 1979-11-07 | 1981-01-27 | Phillips Petroleum Company | De-ashing lubricating oils |
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US4224142A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1980-09-23 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Treatment of recycled ammonium sulfate-bisulfate solution |
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IT1255534B (it) | 1992-09-30 | 1995-11-09 | Processo di riraffinazione di oli usati | |
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FR2757175B1 (fr) | 1996-12-13 | 1999-03-05 | Tunisienne De Lubrifiants Sotu | Procede et installation de regeneration d'huiles lubrifiantes a hautes performances |
CN1107109C (zh) * | 2000-10-26 | 2003-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种废油的回收方法 |
DE60211041T2 (de) | 2002-07-15 | 2006-12-07 | Sener Grupo de Ingenieria, S.A., Tres Cantos | VERFAHREN ZUR REGENERATION VON ALTÖLEN MITTELS LöSUNGSMITTELEXTRAKTION |
-
2003
- 2003-09-23 ES ES200302203A patent/ES2199697B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-09-23 RU RU2006113706/04A patent/RU2356939C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-23 WO PCT/ES2004/000418 patent/WO2005028600A1/es active Application Filing
- 2004-09-23 EP EP04766956A patent/EP1712608B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-09-23 AT AT04766956T patent/ATE440934T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-09-23 DE DE602004022872T patent/DE602004022872D1/de active Active
- 2004-09-23 CN CN200480031509.7A patent/CN1871330B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-09-23 US US10/573,012 patent/US7431829B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
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US3930988A (en) | 1975-02-24 | 1976-01-06 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Reclaiming used motor oil |
FR2552098A1 (fr) * | 1983-09-21 | 1985-03-22 | Buss Ag | Procede et dispositif pour le retraitement d'huiles usees |
EP0690903A1 (fr) | 1993-03-22 | 1996-01-10 | Societe Tunisienne De Lubrifiants-Sotulub | Procede et installation de regeneration d'huiles lubrifiantes |
ES2124879T3 (es) * | 1993-03-22 | 1999-02-16 | Tunisienne De Lubrifiants Sotu | Procedimiento e instalacion de regeneracion de aceites lubricantes. |
ES2169748T3 (es) * | 1994-10-17 | 2002-07-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Metodo e instalacion para la purificacion de aceites usados. |
ES2125208T3 (es) * | 1995-06-22 | 2001-09-01 | Bernard Chavet | Procedimiento de refinado de aceites usados por tratamiento alcalino. |
US6117306A (en) * | 1996-10-02 | 2000-09-12 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Catalytic process for conversion of a petroleum residue using a fixed bed hydrodemetallization catalyst |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103242950A (zh) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-14 | 宁波市蓝润石化有限公司 | 一种无污染的废润滑油再生工艺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2199697A1 (es) | 2004-02-16 |
US7431829B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
ATE440934T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
CN1871330B (zh) | 2010-10-06 |
RU2006113706A (ru) | 2007-11-20 |
EP1712608B1 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
RU2356939C2 (ru) | 2009-05-27 |
ES2199697B1 (es) | 2005-02-01 |
DE602004022872D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
US20070039853A1 (en) | 2007-02-22 |
CN1871330A (zh) | 2006-11-29 |
EP1712608A1 (en) | 2006-10-18 |
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