WO2005021940A1 - 排ガス処理方法及び排ガス処理装置 - Google Patents
排ガス処理方法及び排ガス処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005021940A1 WO2005021940A1 PCT/JP2004/012262 JP2004012262W WO2005021940A1 WO 2005021940 A1 WO2005021940 A1 WO 2005021940A1 JP 2004012262 W JP2004012262 W JP 2004012262W WO 2005021940 A1 WO2005021940 A1 WO 2005021940A1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
- B03C3/155—Filtration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
- B03C3/51—Catch- space electrodes, e.g. slotted-box form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
- B03C3/62—Use of special materials other than liquids ceramics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
- B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
- B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
- B03C3/64—Use of special materials other than liquids synthetic resins
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/04—Ionising electrode being a wire
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/12—Cleaning the device by burning the trapped particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
- B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment method and an exhaust gas treatment device for concentrating suspended particulate matter in exhaust gas using corona discharge.
- Diesel Particulate Filter is used to remove suspended particulate matter (particulate matter: PM) contained in exhaust gas from diesel engines. Techniques have been developed to reduce the amount of PM emitted to the outside by collecting with a filter.
- corona discharge is generated in a gas such as exhaust gas in a charging section to charge floating particulate matter. Then, the particulate matter charged in the dust collecting part is subjected to a low voltage (general) by utilizing an electrostatic force (Coulomb force). Is collected by a dust collecting electrode, which is a planar electrode having a ground potential, and is removed from the gas.
- a dust collecting electrode which is a planar electrode having a ground potential
- a device for collecting PM of an internal combustion engine as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-85415 has been proposed.
- an electric precipitator is provided in the exhaust gas passage, and an electric heater is arranged at the precipitating electrode. Then, the amount of PM trapped and collected on the surface of the electric heater is detected based on the frequency of spark discharge, and the electric heater is operated for a predetermined time based on the frequency of the generated spark to burn and remove the collected PM. ing.
- the charged fine particles are trapped by using electrostatic force and the container wall surface at a low voltage potential (generally, a ground potential) is used as a dust collection electrode.
- a low voltage potential generally, a ground potential
- the purification performance is reduced in a relatively short time (for example, several minutes). That is, in a configuration in which the charged particles are collected simply by using the container wall surface as a dust collecting electrode, the dust collecting area with respect to the amount of gas (exhaust gas) becomes relatively small. Therefore, the amount of particulate matter that can be collected is small, and the purification performance is reduced in a relatively short time due to the deposition of the particulate on the dust collecting electrode.
- the PM when trying to collect PM in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine, the PM has a relatively low resistivity, so that there is a problem that the re-scattering phenomenon is likely to occur.
- a filter downstream of the charging unit In order to capture the re-scattered PM, it is conceivable to arrange a filter downstream of the charging unit to increase the dust collection area and capture the re-scattered particles.
- An object of the present invention is to control the spatial density distribution of suspended particulate matter by using corona discharge with respect to exhaust gas containing suspended particulate matter such as exhaust gas from a diesel engine, so that the particulate matter concentration is relatively low. It is an object of the present invention to provide an exhaust gas treatment method and an exhaust gas treatment apparatus in which a region where the concentration of particulate matter is relatively low and a region where the concentration of the particulate matter is relatively low are formed, and the exhaust gas flow is divided into the former and the latter.
- the exhaust gas treatment method of the present invention comprises a high-voltage electrode and a high-voltage electrode.
- an exhaust gas treatment device provided with a low-voltage electrode disposed opposite to the electrode, the exhaust gas is circulated between the opposed electrodes, and a high voltage is applied between the opposed electrodes to generate corona discharge in the exhaust gas.
- the corona discharge charges and aggregates the suspended particulate matter in the exhaust gas and unevenly distributes it in the vicinity of the low-voltage electrode.
- the exhaust gas in the vicinity of the low-voltage electrode is reduced to a height at which the concentration of the suspended particulate matter becomes relatively high.
- the method is characterized in that the exhaust gas is separated into a concentrated exhaust gas and a low-concentration exhaust gas in which the concentration of the suspended particulate matter is relatively low.
- the relationship between the high voltage and the low voltage is such that, for positive and negative voltages, a voltage having a larger absolute value is a high voltage and a voltage having a smaller absolute value is a low voltage. Also, when one is positive and the other is negative, the magnitude of the absolute value of the voltage is used to determine the level of the voltage.
- exhaust gas G is caused to flow between the opposed high-voltage electrode and low-voltage electrode, and a high voltage is applied between the opposed electrodes.
- Generate corona discharge in exhaust gas As a result, the suspended particulate matter in the exhaust gas G is charged, and the spatial density distribution of the suspended particulate matter in the exhaust gas is controlled by the electrostatic force between the opposed electrodes.
- the exhaust gas is diverted into a high-concentration exhaust gas near the low-voltage electrode where the concentration of the particulate matter is relatively high and a low-concentration exhaust gas near the high-voltage electrode where the concentration of the particulate matter is relatively low.
- the flow of the exhaust gas that has been subjected to the corona discharge treatment by the corona discharge unit is divided by a double pipe structure or the like.
- the particulate matter charged by the corona discharge treatment is attracted to the dust collecting electrode by electrostatic force, so that the particulate matter is unevenly distributed in one exhaust gas flow and separated and concentrated.
- An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for achieving the above object includes a high-voltage electrode and a low-voltage electrode disposed opposite to the high-voltage electrode, and allows exhaust gas to flow between the opposed electrodes.
- a charging section for applying a high voltage between the opposed electrodes to form a corona discharge in the exhaust gas to charge the floating particulate matter; and charging the floating particulate matter charged by the charging section near the low-voltage electrode.
- a concentrating unit that is unevenly distributed on the low-voltage electrode in which the concentration of the suspended particulate matter is relatively high; a high-concentration exhaust gas in which the concentration of the suspended particulate matter is relatively high;
- a diversion section configured to divert to a low-concentration exhaust gas having a relatively low concentration of particulate matter.
- the boundary between the downstream of the charging unit and the upstream of the concentrating unit and the boundary of the downstream of the concentrating unit and the upstream of the branching unit are not always clear and often overlap each other. It constitutes a concentration section and a diversion section.
- the low-voltage electrode is formed of a cylindrical body, and at least a charging portion at an upstream side of the low-voltage electrode extends along the vicinity of the center of the low-voltage electrode of the cylindrical body.
- the high-voltage electrode is disposed in the longitudinal direction, and an inner cylinder for diverting exhaust gas is provided inside the low-voltage electrode, at least at a branching portion at a downstream side of the low-voltage electrode.
- the low-concentration exhaust gas flows inside the inner cylinder, and the high-concentration exhaust gas flows outside the inner cylinder. As a result, the diameter of the exhaust gas purifying device is reduced, and the device has a simple structure.
- the low-voltage electrode is formed of a cylindrical body, and at least in the charging portion on the upstream side of the low-voltage electrode, along the vicinity of the center of the low-voltage electrode of the cylindrical body.
- the high-voltage electrode is disposed in the longitudinal direction, and the low-voltage electrode is formed to be permeable in the concentration section downstream of the charging section, and the low-voltage electrode is formed in the concentration section and the branch section.
- An outer cylinder is provided outside the low-voltage electrode to separate the exhaust gas flowing from the upstream side of the low-voltage electrode into the low-concentration exhaust gas flowing inside the low-voltage electrode and the high-concentration exhaust gas flowing outside the low-voltage electrode.
- the configuration is as follows. With this configuration, it is possible to easily secure a space between the dust collecting electrode and the outer cylinder where a gas processing member such as a filter can be provided.
- the suspended fine particles contained in the high-concentration exhaust gas are used.
- a filter for purifying particulate matter suspended particulate matter in exhaust gas can be easily purified.
- this filter is incorporated in the above-mentioned enrichment section or branch section, the entire exhaust gas system can be made compact.
- a well-known DPF or the like can be provided separately from the low-voltage electrode of the exhaust gas treatment device. In this case, an existing DPF can be used.
- the low-concentration exhaust gas side can be configured to directly discharge the low-concentration exhaust gas side if the low-concentration exhaust gas side does not require further exhaust gas treatment and is purified to an extent. If some purification is required, recirculation as EGR gas to the cylinder eliminates the need for further exhaust gas treatment on the low-concentration exhaust gas side.
- high-concentration exhaust gas containing enlarged PM and low-concentration exhaust gas containing no enlarged PM can be efficiently purified by a dust removing device or a dust collecting device such as a filter suitable for each.
- the exhaust gas treatment method and the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of the present invention particularly compare the electric resistance of PM contained in the exhaust gas when the exhaust gas is an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, particularly, an exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
- the effect is particularly great because it is easy to re-scatter when the dust collection is extremely low.
- these exhaust gas treatment devices can be used alone or in combination of a plurality of them based on the relationship between the amount of exhaust gas to be treated and the capacity of the exhaust gas treatment device.
- the degree of dilution and concentration and the PM purification performance can be further improved.
- the target gas of the exhaust gas treatment method and the exhaust gas treatment device of the present invention is not limited to the exhaust gas of a diesel engine, but is not limited to the exhaust gas of other internal combustion engines for vehicles and stationary internal combustion engines. Includes exhaust gas from combustion equipment such as boilers, generators, and co-generators. It also includes not only dust generated by combustion but also dust generated by machining.
- the suspended particulate matter in the exhaust gas is charged and aggregated and unevenly distributed on or near the low-voltage electrode.
- the exhaust gas is divided into a high-concentration exhaust gas having a high concentration of suspended particulate matter and a low-concentration exhaust gas having a low concentration of suspended particulate matter. Therefore, even particulate matter, such as PM in diesel engine exhaust gas, which has relatively low electrical resistance and re-disperses in electric dust collection, can be easily concentrated.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an exhaust gas treatment device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of FIG. 1, showing a cylindrical low-voltage electrode and a single high-voltage electrode.
- FIG. 2 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of FIG. 1, showing a rectangular low-voltage electrode and a plurality of high-voltage electrodes.
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a separation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of FIG. 3, showing a cylindrical low-voltage electrode and a single high-voltage electrode.
- FIG. 4 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of FIG. 3, showing a low-voltage electrode and a plurality of high-voltage electrodes having an elongated cross-sectional shape.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a separation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a separation device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of FIG. 6, showing a cylindrical low-voltage electrode and a single high-voltage electrode.
- FIG. 7 (b) is a cross-sectional view of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus of FIG. 6, showing a low-voltage electrode and a plurality of high-voltage electrodes having an elongated cross-sectional shape.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of a separation device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a cylindrical low-voltage electrode and a plurality of high-voltage electrodes.
- the target gas of the present invention is not limited to the exhaust gas of this diesel engine, but is not limited to the exhaust gas of other internal combustion engines for vehicles and stationary internal combustion engines, but also includes boilers, generators, and co-generators. It also includes exhaust gas from combustion equipment, exhaust gas containing dust generated by machining, and the like.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a configuration of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- This exhaust gas treatment device 10 has a cylindrical low-voltage electrode 11, a high-voltage electrode 12, and an inner cylinder 13. It is composed.
- the low-voltage electrode 11 is disposed to face the high-voltage electrode 12 and has a dust collection function of capturing floating particulate matter 20 charged by corona discharge generated by a high voltage applied between the high-voltage electrode and the low-voltage electrode. Having. At the same time, the low-voltage electrode 11 forms an outer wall of the flow path of the exhaust gas G, Gb, and is formed of a conductor such as a metal such as stainless steel. One end of the low-voltage electrode 11 is an inlet 11a of the exhaust gas G, and the other end is an outlet lib of the high-concentration exhaust gas Gb in which the suspended particulate matter 20 is concentrated. The low-voltage electrode 11 is electrically grounded (earthed).
- the high-voltage electrode 12 is a discharge electrode (corona discharge electrode) for generating a corona discharge.
- the corona discharge electrode includes at least the charging portion Z1 on the upstream portion of the low-voltage electrode 11 on the inlet 11a side. In the electrical part Z0, it is arranged in a longitudinal direction substantially on the center line of the low-voltage electrode 11, that is, near the center of the low-voltage electrode 11.
- the high-voltage electrode 12 may be a thin wire, rod, rod, or the like having a cross section of a round shape, a square shape, a square screw shape, or the like, in order to improve the effect of generation of electric discharge and electric force, and in consideration of mechanical strength and the like.
- a stainless steel wire, piano wire, stainless steel wire or the like having a diameter of 0.2 to 2 mm may be used.
- a metal wire having excellent corrosion resistance such as tungsten, nickel, titanium, and inconel, or a metal wire whose outer surface is coated with a resin, glass, ceramic, or the like may be used depending on the application. .
- the inner cylinder 13 is a tubular exhaust gas distribution pipe, and is disposed concentrically inside the low-voltage electrode 11 in a distribution section Z 3 on the downstream side of the low-voltage electrode 11.
- the exhaust gas G is divided by the inner cylinder 13.
- the low concentration exhaust gas Ga in which the suspended particulate matter 20 is diluted flows inside the inner cylinder 13, and the high concentration exhaust gas Gb in which the suspended particulate matter 20 is concentrated flows outside the inner cylinder 13.
- the inner cylinder 13 may be a conductor or not. Therefore, the inner cylinder 13 is formed of a metal or other material according to the type of the exhaust gas G. Here, it is made of stainless steel corresponding to the exhaust gas G of the diesel engine.
- the low-voltage electrode 11 and the inner cylinder 13 are formed in a cylindrical shape with a circular cross-section, as shown in FIG. This is arranged. However, when the amount of the treated exhaust gas is large, the low-voltage electrode 11 and the inner cylinder 13 are, as shown in FIG. It is formed in a cylindrical shape with a rectangular cross section, and a plurality of high voltage electrodes 12 are also arranged in parallel at the center.
- the exhaust gas G of the diesel engine is caused to flow from the inlet 1la.
- a high negative voltage for example, 10 kV
- PM suspended particulate matter
- the PM20 charged in the charging section Z1 on the upstream side of the discharge section Z0 is supplied to the low-voltage electrode 11 (ground potential in this example) by the electrostatic force (Coulomb force) in the concentrating section Z2 on the downstream side of the discharge section Z0. ) Is collected on the electrode surface lis. On this low-voltage electrode surface lis, PM20 containing ultrafine particles of several tens of nanometers are collected and aggregated to form a larger-sized PM20. As a result, the PM20 is enlarged.
- PM20 contained in the exhaust gas G of the diesel engine has a relatively low electric resistance and thus easily loses electric charge.
- the enlarged PM20 loses its charge and loses its electrostatic force, so that the PM20 is separated from the low-voltage electrode surface lis by the flow of the exhaust gas G and scattered again.
- the re-scattered PM20 travels downstream along the low-voltage electrode surface lis, passes through the passage between the inner cylinder 13 and the low-voltage electrode 11, and is discharged from the outlet lib together with the exhaust gas Gb.
- the PM20 concentration is relatively high around the high-voltage electrode 12 (compared with the exhaust gas at the inlet). Is high, and the PM 20 is in a state of being “concentrated” near the low-voltage electrode 11. Therefore, the exhaust gas Gb discharged from the outlet l ib becomes a high concentration exhaust gas in which the concentration of PM20 is relatively high.
- the exhaust gas treatment apparatus 10 downstream of the charging section Z1 by corona discharge is provided downstream of the charging section Z1 by corona discharge is provided.
- the enrichment section Z2 PM20 charged by corona discharge is collected on the low voltage electrode surface 1 Is.
- the PM20 can be concentrated near the low-voltage electrode 11.
- the branching portion Z3 formed by the inner cylinder 13 the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga in which PM is diluted near the high-voltage electrode 12 and the high-concentration exhaust gas Gb in which PM20 near the low-voltage electrode 11 are concentrated are provided. Can be separated.
- the inner cylinder 13 When the inner cylinder 13 is formed of a conductor and has the same potential as that of the low-voltage electrode 11, the inner surface and the outer surface of the inner cylinder 13 cause PM20 due to aggregation and re-dispersion of PM20. The bloat effect can be obtained. Also, in FIG. 1, the high-voltage electrode 12 has been arranged upstream of the inner cylinder 13, but the high-voltage electrode 12 has been extended to the inside of the inner cylinder 13 and separated. The effect of enlarging PM in the inner cylinder 13 with respect to the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga may be obtained.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show the configuration of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus 10A according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the exhaust gas treatment device 10A includes a cylindrical low-voltage electrode 11, a high-voltage electrode 12, and an outer cylinder 14.
- the cylindrical low-voltage electrode 11 has a dust collecting function of attracting the charged floating particulate matter 20 by corona discharge generated when a high voltage is applied to the high-voltage electrode 12, and , Functions as a boundary that branches off part of the exhaust gas G. And, in the branch part Z3, it functions as forming a flow path wall of the exhaust gas G, Ga, Gb.
- the low-voltage electrode 11 is formed of a conductor such as a metal, and is electrically grounded (earth), similarly to the exhaust gas purifying apparatus 10 of the first embodiment. However, the low-voltage electrode 11 is configured by providing a transmission section lip through which the exhaust gas Gb can pass in the concentration section Z2 slightly downstream of the upstream end 12a of the high-voltage electrode 12.
- the transmission part lip is formed in a mesh or a porous shape with a wire mesh, punching metal, foamed metal, or the like, and has a dust collecting function and a function of passing exhaust gas Gb and PM 20.
- the low-voltage electrode 11 is In the branch part Z3 on the downstream side of p, it is formed by the wall surface 11c that cannot pass.
- the high-voltage electrode 12 is formed of a conductor such as a metal, similarly to the exhaust gas treatment device 10 of the first embodiment.
- the outer cylinder 14 is a cylindrical outer wall disposed outside the low-voltage electrode 11 in the concentrating section Z2 and the branching section Z3, and is formed of metal or other material.
- the low-voltage electrode 11 and the outer cylinder 14 are formed in a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section, as shown in FIG. 4 (a). This is arranged. However, when the amount of the treated exhaust gas is large, the low-voltage electrode 11 and the outer cylinder 14 are formed in an elongated cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 4 (b), and the high-voltage electrode 12 is also parallel at the center. Are arranged in a plurality.
- exhaust gas G of the diesel engine is caused to flow from the inlet 11a, and a high voltage is applied to the high voltage electrode 12. Due to the application of the high voltage, a corona discharge occurs in the peripheral portion of the high-voltage electrode 12, and the peripheral portion is filled with ions. Therefore, PM (suspended particulate matter) 20 in the exhaust gas G is charged by adsorbing this ion.
- the PM20 charged in the charging section Z1 on the upstream side of the discharge section Z0 is attracted to the transmission section lip of the low-voltage electrode 11 by the electrostatic force (Coulomb force) in the concentration section Z2 on the downstream side of the discharge section Z0. I'm attracted.
- the attracted PM20 adheres to the transparent portion lip or passes through a gap or hole in the mesh of the transparent portion lip due to inertia.
- the charged PM 20 drifts toward the low-voltage electrode 11 due to the electrostatic force, even if it is separated from the corona discharge field formed near the high-voltage electrode 12.
- the PM contained in the exhaust gas of diesel engines has a relatively low electrical resistance and tends to lose charge.
- the enlarged PM 20 loses its charge and loses its electrostatic force. Therefore, the PM 20 separates and re-scatters from the transmission portion l ip of the low-voltage electrode 11 due to the flow of the exhaust gas Gb, and moves downstream.
- the high-concentration exhaust gas Gb containing the PM 20 passes through a passage between the outer cylinder 14 and the low-voltage electrode 11, and is discharged from the outlet 14b.
- the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga flowing through the center of the low-voltage electrode 11, that is, the periphery of the high-voltage electrode 12 passes through the inside of the low-voltage electrode 11 and is discharged from the outlet lib.
- the amount of PM20 decreases, and the PM20 becomes a low-concentration exhaust gas in which PM20 is diluted.
- the amount of PM20 increases, and the exhaust gas becomes high-concentration exhaust gas in which PM is concentrated.
- the high-voltage electrode 12 extends upstream from the transmission section lip, and the charging section Z1 is provided upstream, and the PM20 collected by the low-voltage electrode 11 is also provided in this section.
- the upstream end 12a of the high-voltage electrode 12 may be provided at the same portion as the upstream end of the transmission portion ip, at the expense of the aggregation effect of this portion.
- the downstream end 12 b of the high-voltage electrode 12 is configured to extend to the inside of the branch portion Z 3 of the low-voltage electrode 11.
- the corona discharge field is further maintained after the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga is separated.
- PM remaining in low-concentration exhaust gas Ga is subjected to PM agglomeration treatment, and pretreatment for PM secondary treatment is performed.
- the downstream end 12b of the high-voltage electrode 12 may be provided on the upstream side of the branching section Z3.
- the outer cylinder 14 may be any as long as it has a function of forming a passage for the high-concentration exhaust gas Gb.
- the outer cylinder 14 is formed of a conductor and is kept at the same potential (ground or the like) as the low-voltage electrode 11. According to this configuration, when the PM20 that has passed through the transmission part lip as it is due to inertia aggregates on the inner peripheral wall surface of the outer cylinder 14, it becomes easy to lose the charged charge, so that the PM20 force peels and re-scatters. It will be easier.
- PM20 charged by corona discharge can be concentrated. That is, PM20 can be concentrated outside the transmission part lip of the low-voltage electrode 11 using the following two phenomena.
- One of the phenomena is that the charged PM20 adheres to the transmission part lip, which is the electrode surface of the transmission part Z2, aggregates at this part to a large size, and re-scatters from the transmission part lip.
- the other phenomenon is a phenomenon in which PM20 passes through the transmission part lip due to inertia.
- the exhaust gas Ga near the high-voltage electrode 12 flows inside the low-voltage electrode 11, and the exhaust gas Gb that has passed through the permeation section lip flows outside the low-voltage electrode 11.
- low concentration exhaust gas Ga in which PM20 is diluted and high concentration exhaust gas Gb in which PM20 is concentrated are separated. S power.
- FIG. 5 shows a configuration of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus 10 B according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- the exhaust gas treatment device 10B has a third electrode in addition to the configuration of the exhaust gas treatment device 10A of the second embodiment in order to provide an electrostatic field for drawing the charged PM20 from the transmission portion lip of the low-voltage electrode 11.
- the suction electrode 15 is provided.
- the suction electrode 15 When the suction electrode 15 is provided, the suction electrode 15 is electrically grounded, and the low-voltage electrode 11 has an appropriate intermediate potential between the high-voltage electrode 12 and the suction electrode 15. Applied.
- the suction electrode 15 is formed by a conductive outer cylinder 14 provided between the low-voltage electrode 11 and the outer cylinder 14 made of a conductive material, and is electrically grounded.
- the function of the electrode 15 may be shared.
- the PM 20 re-scattered at the transmission part l ip of the low-voltage electrode 11 and the charged PM 20 passing through the transmission part l ip are formed by the potential field formed by the suction electrode 15. Thereby, it can be more strongly attracted to the outside of the transmission part lip of the low-voltage electrode 11. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the re-scattered PM 20 or the charged PM 20 from entering the inside of the low-voltage electrode 11. Therefore, PM20 can be separated and concentrated more efficiently.
- FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show the configuration of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus 10C according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- PM20 is removed from the high-concentration exhaust gas Gb in which PM20 is concentrated by adding a filter 16 to the configuration of the particle separation devices 10A and 10B of the second or third embodiment. It is constituted so that.
- Reference numeral 17 denotes an insulator for electrically insulating the high-voltage electrode 12.
- a partition wall 14 a is provided on the downstream side of the transmission part lip of the low-voltage electrode 11, and a portion where the filter 16 is disposed and a low-concentration exhaust gas Ga Is separated from the part that passes through.
- a first discharge port 14b for discharging the filtered exhaust gas Gb ' is provided upstream of the partition wall 14a
- a second discharge port 14c for discharging the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga is provided downstream of the partition wall 14a.
- a second air-permeable second transmission portion 1Id is further provided, and the low air passing through the wall surface 1lc is provided.
- Concentration exhaust gas Ga It is configured to be able to pass through the second transmission part lid and flow out from the second discharge port 14c.
- the finolators 16 disposed in the space on the upstream side of the partition wall 14a of the low-voltage electrode 11 and the outer cylinder 14 purify the high-concentration exhaust gas Gb passing through the transmission part lip of the low-voltage electrode 11.
- This is a filter for The filter 16 has an oxidation catalyst supported on a punched metal, a sintered wire mesh, a sintered filter, a metal fiber filter, a ceramic filter having a pore diameter larger than that of a DPF, a metal honeycomb, a ceramic honeycomb, a glass wool, and a base material of these. It can be formed using a known filter such as a filter.
- a method of disposing a fourth PM combustion electrode near the PM collection surface, a method of applying an oxidation catalyst to the PM collection surface, a method of The PM collecting surface is regenerated by, for example, arranging a heater near the collecting surface to maintain the PM collecting performance for a long time.
- the following configuration is provided. Increase the pitch of the multilayer arrangement of punching metal.
- a wire mesh (not shown) that is electrically insulated from the piping such as the low-voltage electrode 11 is used as the fourth PM combustion electrode by a distance of about 1 mm to 2 mm with respect to the PM collecting surface of the punching metal. Arrange them at intervals. An external voltage is supplied to the wire mesh to generate a discharge between the wire mesh and the PM collecting surface. Thus, the PM trapped in the filter 16 is burned and removed.
- an oxidation catalyst such as titanium oxide or platinum is applied to the PM collecting surface of the filter 16 or a catalyst having a thickness of about 3 mm or less is applied to the PM collecting surface.
- the carrier is configured to be arranged. The action of these oxidation catalysts lowers the PM combustion start temperature.
- the support for the catalyst may be a metal or an insulating material, and may be a shape of a warter or a porous material.
- a heater such as a nichrome wire is arranged on the PM collecting surface of the filter 16, and the heater is periodically heated to remove and burn the PM.
- the amount of treated exhaust gas is small, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), the low-voltage electrode 11, the outer cylinder 14, and the filter 16 are formed in a cylindrical shape with a circular cross section, and the high-voltage electrode 12 One is placed at the center.
- the amount of treated exhaust gas is large, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), the low-voltage electrode 11, the outer cylinder 14, and the finoletor 16 are formed in a tubular shape with an elongated cross section, and the high-voltage electrode 12 is also located at the center. A plurality of these are arranged in parallel.
- the provision of the finoleta 16 enables efficient purification of the high-concentration exhaust gas Gb in which the PM 20 is enlarged and concentrated. Therefore, the exhaust gas Gb 'discharged from the first discharge port 14b can be made a clean gas.
- the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga does not necessarily have to pass through a PM collection filter because PM20 is diluted.
- a filter for low-concentration exhaust gas Ga is provided, the amount of exhaust gas is significantly reduced compared to the amount of exhaust gas G, and large PM is removed. Therefore, fine-grained filters can be used.
- the progress of clogging is slow, so that a small pressure loss is required.
- the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga is configured to be recirculated into the cylinder as the exhaust gas for EGR, the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga is not directly discharged to the outside air, and it is necessary to provide a filter. Gone.
- FIG. 8 shows a configuration of an exhaust gas treatment apparatus 10D according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the exhaust gas Gb 'after passing through the filter 16 and the low-concentration exhaust gas Ga are combined, and then discharged as the exhaust gas Gc.
- the portion of the non-ventilable wall surface 1 lc downstream of the transmission portion 1 lp of the low-voltage electrode 11 is not necessarily required. It becomes.
- the part of the partition wall 14a corresponds to the branch part Z3.
- the filter 16 is accommodated in the outer cylinder 14, thereby achieving compactness of the apparatus. Even if a filter is provided separately from the exhaust gas treatment device 10, 10A, 10B, PM in the high concentration exhaust gas Gb is enlarged, so even a coarse filter can collect PM. And the pressure loss can be reduced.
- the low-voltage electrode 11 is formed as a cylinder.
- the present invention may be a polygonal cylinder such as a quadrangle other than the cylinder, which is not limited to this configuration.
- the low-voltage electrode 11 is formed in a rectangular cross section as shown in FIGS.
- a plurality of high voltage electrodes 12 are arranged in parallel along the direction perpendicular to the rectangular cross section). Further, when the amount of exhaust gas is large, as shown in FIG.
- a plurality of high-voltage electrodes 12 can be arranged in parallel to widen the corona discharge portion.
- the amount of exhaust gas is large, it can be dealt with by arranging the exhaust gas treatment apparatuses of the embodiments in parallel.
- the concentration of high-concentration exhaust gas and the purification rate of low-concentration exhaust gas are to be made higher, they can be dealt with by providing multiple stages.
- the high-voltage electrode 12 is formed of a stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.2 mm, Was formed of a stainless steel cylinder having an inner diameter of 38 mm, and the inner cylinder 13 was formed of a stainless steel cylinder having an inner diameter of 15 mm.
- the ratio of the inner cross-sectional area to the outer cross-sectional area of the cylinder is 5: 3.
- the exhaust gas treatment device 10 was directly connected to an exhaust gas pipe of a small diesel generator (maximum output 5kW) and arranged, and an experiment was performed under operating conditions under a 2.4 kW (48%) load.
- a current of -10 kV, 0.4 mA was supplied to the high-voltage electrode using a negative DC high-voltage power supply.
- the temperature of the exhaust gas treatment device 10 is 100 ° C. and 200 ° C., the flow rate of the exhaust gas is about 200 L / min (normal temperature conversion), and the residence time in the discharge part (length 120 mm) is about 0.1 Is.
- the high-voltage electrode 12 is formed of a stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.6 mm. 1 was formed of a stainless steel cylinder having an inner diameter of 58 mm ⁇ , and the outer cylinder 14 was formed of a stainless steel cylinder having an outer diameter of 220 mm ⁇ . Also, the filter 16 was arranged in three layers with a 2 mm pitch using punching metal having a hole diameter of lmm.
- This exhaust gas treatment device 10C was directly connected to the exhaust gas pipe section of a 2t truck, and the experiment was conducted under the conditions of an engine speed of 550i "pm, an exhaust gas temperature of about 70 ° C, and an exhaust gas amount of about 1400L / min.
- the negative voltage of _18 kV was applied to the high voltage electrode using a negative DC high voltage power supply.
- the residence time in the charging part (length 300 mm) was about 30 ms, and the residence time in the concentration part (length 550 mm). Is about 55ms.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04772218A EP1669562A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Exhaust gas processing method and exhaust gas processing system |
US10/569,841 US20070000236A1 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | Exhaust gas processing method and exhaust gas processing system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2003-306307 | 2003-08-29 | ||
JP2003306307A JP4339049B2 (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | 排ガス処理方法及び排ガス処理装置 |
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WO2005021940A1 true WO2005021940A1 (ja) | 2005-03-10 |
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ID=34269383
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/JP2004/012262 WO2005021940A1 (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2004-08-26 | 排ガス処理方法及び排ガス処理装置 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20070000236A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1669562A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4339049B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005021940A1 (ja) |
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CN105673139A (zh) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-15 | 东北电力大学 | 基于介质阻挡放电等离子体的汽车尾气处理装置及处理方法 |
CN109236423A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-18 | 东北林业大学 | 三段式低温等离子体木纤维柴油车尾气污染物净化器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20070000236A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
JP4339049B2 (ja) | 2009-10-07 |
EP1669562A1 (en) | 2006-06-14 |
JP2005076497A (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
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