WO2005021204A1 - 摩擦攪拌接合方法及び摩擦攪拌接合装置 - Google Patents
摩擦攪拌接合方法及び摩擦攪拌接合装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005021204A1 WO2005021204A1 PCT/JP2004/012491 JP2004012491W WO2005021204A1 WO 2005021204 A1 WO2005021204 A1 WO 2005021204A1 JP 2004012491 W JP2004012491 W JP 2004012491W WO 2005021204 A1 WO2005021204 A1 WO 2005021204A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- friction stir
- stir welding
- temperature
- tools
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
- B23K20/1235—Controlling or monitoring the welding process with temperature control during joining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a friction stir welding method and a friction stir welding apparatus used for joining aluminum materials and the like.
- the pin portion When friction stir welding is continuously performed, the pin portion may thermally expand due to frictional heat between the member to be welded and the pin portion at the tip of the tool, and the tool length may be extended. Therefore, when friction stir welding is continuously performed using the friction stir welding device described in Patent Document 1, the actual distance between the receiving member and the pin portion is the same as the receiving member stored in the control device during teaching. The distance may be smaller than the distance from the pin portion, and a hole may be formed in the friction stir welding portion, so that the joining strength required for the product may not be obtained.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-314983 (Paragraph Nos. 0038 and 0039, FIG. 3) Disclosure of the invention
- a first object is to provide a friction stir welding method that ensures the joining strength of a product.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a friction stir welding apparatus capable of securing the joining strength of a product.
- the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized in that at least one of a pair of tools coaxially arranged is rotated while rotating the other tool.
- the pin portion provided at the tip of at least one of the rotated tools is pushed between members to be joined which are arranged between a pair of tools and overlapped with each other.
- the softened member to be welded is agitated by the pin portion while the member to be welded in the vicinity of the member is softened by frictional heat between the member to be welded and the pin portion, and the friction stir welded portion is joined between the superposed member to be welded
- At least one of the pair of tools is cooled by injecting air to one of the tools.
- a third aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the second aspect of the invention, at least one of the pair of tools is cooled by injecting cooled air to cool the tool.
- the invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 13 to 13, wherein the temperature of at least one of the pair of tools is monitored, and the abnormality is detected when a tool temperature abnormality is detected. Is stopped to notify the abnormality of the tool temperature.
- the invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of at least one of the pair of tools is measured every time one cycle of the friction stir welding process is completed. .
- the invention according to claim 6 of the present invention is directed to a method of rotating at least one of a pair of tools arranged coaxially while rotating the other tool.
- the pin portion provided at the tip of at least one of the rotated tools is pushed between members to be joined which are arranged between a pair of tools and overlapped with each other.
- the softened member to be welded is stirred by the pin portion while softening the member to be welded around by the frictional heat between the member to be welded and the pin portion, and the friction stir welding portion is formed between the superposed member to be welded.
- a friction stir welding method for friction stir welding the superposed members to be joined wherein the temperature of at least one of the pair of tools is monitored, and when an abnormality in the tool temperature is detected, The method is characterized in that the production is stopped and the abnormality of the tool temperature is notified.
- the invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 6, wherein the temperature of at least one of the pair of tools is measured each time one cycle of the friction stir welding process is completed. .
- an invention according to claim 8 of the present invention is a friction stir welding apparatus used in the friction stir welding method according to any one of claims 115, Tool cooling means for cooling at least one of the pair of tools is provided.
- the tool cooling means includes an air injection device for injecting the air to be fed from the air nozzle toward the tool from an air source.
- the tool cooling means includes an air cooling device for cooling the air fed by the air source.
- a tool temperature measuring means for measuring a temperature of at least one of a pair of tools, and the tool temperature measuring means.
- Control means for discriminating whether or not the measured tool temperature is an appropriate temperature, and when it is determined that the tool temperature is not the appropriate temperature, stopping the production and notifying an abnormality of the tool temperature.
- an invention according to claim 12 of the present invention is a friction stir welding apparatus used in the friction stir welding method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein Tool temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of at least one of the tools; Control means for discriminating whether or not the tool temperature measured by the tool temperature measuring means is an appropriate temperature, and when it is determined that the tool temperature is not the appropriate temperature, stopping the production and reporting an abnormality of the tool temperature; and , Is provided.
- thermal expansion of the tool due to frictional heat between the workpiece and the tool is prevented.
- the tool is cooled by jetting air.
- the tool is cooled by injecting the cooled air.
- the fifth aspect of the present invention it is possible to confirm whether or not the tool is properly cooled. Further, it is possible to prevent the friction stir welding from being performed continuously by the tool that has been heated and thermally expanded.
- the temperature of the tool can be measured efficiently.
- the tool is cooled by the tool cooling means, and thermal expansion of the tool due to frictional heat between the workpiece and the tool is prevented.
- the tool cooling means cools the tool with the air injected by the air nozzle force of the air injection device.
- the tool cooling means cools the tool by the air that is cooled by the air cooling device and is injected from the air nozzle of the air injection device.
- the eleventh aspect of the present invention it is possible to confirm whether or not the tool cooling means is properly cooling the tool. Further, it is possible to prevent the friction stir welding from being continued by the tool that has been heated and thermally expanded.
- the invention's effect [0007] It is possible to provide a friction stir welding method that ensures the joining strength of a product. Further, it is possible to provide a friction stir welding apparatus in which the joining strength of the product is ensured.
- FIG. 1 the main friction stir welding apparatus 1 is rotated by cooling the upper tool 2 (tool) and the lower tool 3 (tool) with air jetted from the air nozzles 4 and 5.
- the thermal expansion of each of the tools 2 and 3 due to the frictional heat between the upper tool 2 and the workpiece 6 (the members 6a and 6b) is suppressed.
- the gap G between the upper tool 2 and the lower tool 3 during the friction stir welding is appropriately maintained, and as shown in FIG.
- the friction stir welding portion 7 having the remaining mother plate thickness T of a large thickness is formed, and the structure is such that the joining strength of the friction stir welding portion 7 is ensured.
- FIG. 1 the main friction stir welding apparatus 1 is rotated by cooling the upper tool 2 (tool) and the lower tool 3 (tool) with air jetted from the air nozzles 4 and 5.
- the thermal expansion of each of the tools 2 and 3 due to the frictional heat between the upper tool 2 and the workpiece 6 (the members 6a and 6b) is suppressed.
- the present friction stir welding apparatus 1 uses a non-contact temperature sensor 8 (tool temperature measuring means) for every cycle of the friction stir welding process, that is, for all the impact points ( The tool temperature (tool temperature) of the upper tool 2 is detected each time the joining at the joining position) is completed.
- a non-contact temperature sensor 8 tool temperature measuring means
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a robot controller 11 (control means) for controlling a multi-articulated robot 10 including a friction stir welding tool unit 9, and the upper part measured by the non-contact temperature sensor 8 is used. It is determined whether or not the force is such that the tool temperature of the tool 2 is within the appropriate temperature range.If it is determined that the tool temperature is outside the appropriate temperature range (abnormal), the production is stopped and the production is stopped. (Tool temperature abnormality). As a result, the friction stir welding apparatus 1 has a structure in which the remaining base plate thickness T of the friction stir welding portion 7 is ensured and the joining strength of the product is ensured even when friction stir welding is performed continuously. It has become. As shown in FIG. 2, the friction stir welding apparatus 1 has a structure in which a tool unit 9 having a pair of tools 2 and 3 is mounted on an articulated robot 10 and positioned based on the control of a robot controller 11. Has become.
- the tool unit 9 has a C-shape, and a lower tool 3 is attached to a lower portion of the frame 12.
- the tool unit 9 has an upper tool 2 disposed coaxially with the lower tool 3.
- the upper tool 2 is driven to rotate around an axis by a tool rotation driving motor, and the tool is positioned.
- Motor 3 for lower tool On the other hand, it is configured to be driven by linear motion in the axial direction (vertical direction as viewed in FIG. 1) and positioned.
- a servo motor is used as the tool positioning motor, and the upper tool 2 is positioned with high precision with respect to the lower tool 3, so that the pin 2a of the upper tool 2 and the lower tool 2 are positioned as shown in FIG.
- the gap G is formed between them. Further, as shown in FIG.
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 has blower pipes 14 and 15 through which air pressure-fed from an air source 13 is provided in a tool unit 9.
- the tools 2 and 3 are cooled by air injected from the air nozzles 4 and 5 provided at the tips of the tools 15 and 15, respectively.
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 includes a blower pipe 14, 15 having a base connected to a cryogenic air generator 16 (air cooling device).
- the air cooled by 16 is jetted from each air nozzle 4, 5 toward each tool 2, 3 through each air duct 14, 15.
- An operation valve 17 that opens and closes under the control of the robot controller 11 is provided between the air source 13 and the ultra-low temperature air generator 16.
- Each of the blower tubes 14, 15 is formed of a flexible hose (registered trademark) or the like that can be changed into an arbitrary shape to maintain the shape, and each of the air nozzles 4, 5 has a nozzle having a sound deadening function. Has been adopted.
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 is supported by a bracket 18 which is moved integrally with the upper tool 2 in the axial direction of the upper tool 2 to blow the cooled air toward the upper tool 2. Accordingly, even when the upper tool 2 is moved in the axial direction (the vertical direction as viewed in the drawing in FIG. 1) with respect to the lower tool 3, the upper tool 2 It is configured to maintain the relative position.
- the non-contact temperature sensor 8 is installed on a support 19, and the non-contact temperature sensor 8 is connected to a robot controller via an amplifier. Connected to 11.
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 uses the non-contact temperature sensor 8 to move the upper tool 2 when the tool unit 9 is positioned at the home position after completing one cycle of the friction stir welding process.
- the tool temperature is measured.
- the robot controller 11 compares the tool temperature data measured by the non-contact temperature sensor 8 with the appropriate temperature range data stored in the storage unit by the arithmetic unit (CPU). If the tool temperature is out of the appropriate temperature range, an abnormality in the tool temperature is detected, and when the abnormality in the tool temperature is detected, the production is stopped and the production is stopped by patrol lights, alarms, etc. (The tool temperature is abnormal.)
- the outer panel 6a and the inner panel 6b are made of a 6000 series aluminum alloy, and the outer panel 6a has a thickness of 2 mm and the inner panel 6b has a thickness of 1.2 mm.
- the engine hood is formed by friction stir welding of the outer panel 6a and the inner panel 6b at 25 locations (dots).
- the robot controller 11 stores an operation program of the friction stir welding apparatus 1 including the articulated robot 10 created using the teaching function. First, the outer panel 6a and the inner panel 6b are relatively positioned and held by a work fixing jig in a state where both joint margins are overlapped with each other.
- the operation program is executed, and the friction stir welding step is cycle-started. Then, according to a tool cooling command in the operation program, the operation valve 17 is operated to the open side, and the air pressure-fed from the air source 13 is supplied to the ultra-low temperature air generator 16 (air cooling device). The air is cooled by passing through the ultra-low temperature air generator 16, and is injected from the air nozzles 4, 5 through the air ducts 14, 15 toward the tools 2, 3. The tools 2 and 3 are cooled by the air injected from 5.
- the tool unit 9 is sequentially positioned at the welding position (strike position), and friction welding is performed at all welding positions.
- the upper tool 2 has a force that allows the tool unit 9 to move to the next joining position and the axial force S to the lower tool 3 when the tool unit 9 moves to the next joining position.
- a constant directional force is cooled by the injected air at any position with respect to the lower tool 3.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the number of hit points and the remaining base plate thickness ⁇ of the friction stir welding portion 7 when friction stir welding is continuously performed.
- the target value of the remaining base plate thickness ⁇ of the friction stir welding portion 7 is set to 0.3 mm. Since the thermal expansion of a few points was prevented, the remaining base plate thickness T of the friction stir welding part 7 at all the hit points (25 hit points in the present embodiment) is set to ⁇ 0.1 mm with respect to the above target value. Was completed. According to FIG.
- the remaining base plate thickness T when the air blow is present (when the cooling of each of the tools 2 and 3 is performed), the remaining base plate thickness T When the air blow is not used (when the cooling of each tool 2 and 3 is not performed), the heat of each tool 2 and 3 starts from around the point where the number of dots exceeds 20. Due to the expansion, the thickness T of the remaining mother plate of the friction stir welding 7 decreased, and holes were made in the friction stir welding 7 in the region where the number of hit points was 40 or more.
- the tool unit 9 is positioned at the origin position, and one cycle of the friction stir welding process is completed, the tool temperature of the upper tool 2 of the tool unit 9 becomes the non-contact temperature. Measured by sensor 8 (tool temperature measuring means). Note that while the tool temperature is being measured, the injection of air to each of the tools 2 and 3 is stopped. The tool temperature data of the tool temperature measured by the non-contact temperature sensor 8 is compared by the robot controller 11 with the appropriate temperature range data stored in the storage section of the robot controller 11. When the tool temperature data is determined to be within the appropriate temperature range data and the tool temperature is determined to be normal, the outer panel 6a and the inner panel of the next engine hood (park 6) are determined.
- Joining with 6b is started.
- the robot controller 11 stops the production and performs production by an alarm, an alarm, or the like. Is notified to the operator that is stopped (tool temperature is abnormal).
- This embodiment has the following effects.
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 since the tools 2 and 3 are cooled by air jetted from the air nozzles 4 and 5, the thermal expansion of the tools 2 and 3 is prevented and the upper tool 2 and the lower tool 2 are cooled. The gap G to the level 3 is maintained properly. As a result, a friction stir welding portion 7 having an appropriate thickness of the remaining mother plate T is formed between the outer panel 6a (member to be joined) and the inner panel 6b (member to be joined), and the product (engine hood) is formed. Bonding strength is ensured.
- the air cooled by the ultra-low temperature air generator 16 (air cooling device) is jetted from the air nozzles 4, 5 to cool the tools 2, 3, so that the tools 2, 3 are cooled. Cools more effectively. As a result, the thermal expansion of each of the tools 2 and 3 is suppressed to a minimum, and a friction stir welding portion 7 having a more stable remaining base plate thickness T can be obtained, and the joining strength of the product (engine hood) is secured. Is done.
- the bracket 18 supporting the air duct 14 for sending air toward the upper tool 2 is moved (elevated) integrally with the upper tool 2, so that the upper tool 2 is moved (elevated). ),
- the relative position between the upper tool 2 and the air nozzle 4 does not change. Therefore, in the friction stir welding apparatus 1, even when the articulated robot 10 is moving along the axis, air having a constant directional force is injected to the upper tool 2 escaping from the lower tool 3. As a result, the upper tool 2 is constantly cooled, and thermal expansion of the upper tool 2 is prevented.
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 employs the air nozzles 4 and 5 having a silencing function at the end of each of the blower pipes 14 and 15, so that noise is prevented and the working environment is maintained well.
- the upper tool 2 is driven by the servo motor to position the upper tool 2 with respect to the lower tool 3, so that the upper tool 2 can be positioned with high precision with respect to the lower tool 3. become.
- a high-precision gap G appears between the upper tool 2 and the lower tool 3, and an appropriate thickness is left between the outer panel 6a (the member to be joined) and the inner panel 6b (the member to be joined).
- the friction stir welding portion 7 having the base plate thickness T is formed, thereby ensuring the joining strength of the product (engine hood).
- the friction stir welding apparatus 1 detects the tool temperature of the upper tool 2 by the non-contact temperature sensor 8 (tool temperature measuring means) and determines that the tool temperature is out of the appropriate temperature range. It is determined that the temperature is abnormal, whereby the production is stopped and the production is stopped (the tool temperature is abnormal). Therefore, the production is not continued in a state where the tool temperature is abnormal, that is, in a state where the upper tool 2 is thermally expanded. Therefore, a product that does not cause a hole in the friction stir weld 7 ( In addition to securing the joint strength of (1), it is possible to prevent products with low joint strength from being transferred to the next process.
- the non-contact temperature sensor 8 tool temperature measuring means
- the tool unit 9 is positioned at the home position each time one cycle of the friction stir welding process is completed, and the tool temperature of the upper tool 2 of the tool unit 9 is measured. For this reason, it is possible to minimize the influence on the productivity due to the tool temperature measurement that the tool unit 9 is not positioned with respect to the non-contact temperature sensor 8.
- the embodiment is not limited to the above, and may be configured as follows, for example.
- the timing at which each tool is cooled by injecting air into each tool may be set as needed.
- the tool temperature of the upper tool 2 is measured each time one cycle of the friction stir welding process is completed, and the tool temperature is increased every time the friction stir welding of a predetermined number of dots (for example, 30 dots) is completed. It may be configured to perform measurement.
- the non-contact temperature sensor 8 may be added to measure the tool temperature of the lower tool 3.
- the non-contact temperature sensor 8 may be installed in the tool unit 9 and configured.
- the work 6 is not limited to the engine hood, and may be, for example, a back door of a vehicle body. Further, the outer panel 6a and the inner panel 6b (both members to be joined) need not be an aluminum alloy as long as they can be joined by friction stir welding.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing a tool head of the present friction stir welding apparatus and an air system of tool cooling means.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the present friction stir welding apparatus, particularly showing a state where a tool temperature is measured (detected) by a non-contact temperature sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a cross section of a friction stir welding part.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a gap formed between an upper tool and a lower tool.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship with T.
- Friction stir welding device 1 Friction stir welding device, 2 Upper tool (tool), 3 Lower tool (tool), 4 Air nozzle, 5 Air nozzle, 7 Friction stir welding, 8 Non-contact temperature sensor (Tool temperature measuring means), 11 Robot controller (Control) Means), 13 Air source, 16 Ultra low temperature air generated air (Air cooling device)
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Abstract
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JP2003-306315 | 2003-08-29 | ||
JP2003306315A JP2005074451A (ja) | 2003-08-29 | 2003-08-29 | 摩擦攪拌接合方法及び摩擦攪拌接合装置 |
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JP (1) | JP2005074451A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1839012A (ja) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007144673A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-21 | The Boc Group Limited | Weld cooling |
GB2455086A (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-03 | Boc Group Plc | Weld Cooling |
EP2338632A1 (de) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-29 | Harms & Wende GmbH & Co. KG | Reibpunktschweisswerkzeug |
CN105728933A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-06 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 摩擦点接合装置和摩擦点接合方法 |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US8875980B2 (en) * | 2010-11-04 | 2014-11-04 | Ihi Corporation | Friction stir welding apparatus |
JP6276739B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-21 | 2018-02-07 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | 摩擦撹拌点接合装置及び摩擦撹拌点接合方法 |
JP7190092B2 (ja) * | 2017-12-12 | 2022-12-15 | 株式会社山本金属製作所 | 欠陥検知方法および欠陥検知装置 |
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JPH1110367A (ja) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-19 | Showa Alum Corp | 摩擦撹拌接合方法 |
JPH11291065A (ja) * | 1998-04-09 | 1999-10-26 | Hitachi Ltd | 摩擦接合方法 |
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JPH1052770A (ja) * | 1996-05-31 | 1998-02-24 | Boeing Co:The | 摩擦スター溶接方法および工具 |
JPH1110367A (ja) * | 1997-06-26 | 1999-01-19 | Showa Alum Corp | 摩擦撹拌接合方法 |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2007144673A1 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-21 | The Boc Group Limited | Weld cooling |
GB2452462A (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2009-03-04 | Boc Group Ltd | Weld cooling |
GB2452462B (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2011-03-09 | Boc Group Ltd | Weld cooling |
GB2455086A (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2009-06-03 | Boc Group Plc | Weld Cooling |
GB2455086B (en) * | 2007-11-27 | 2010-02-10 | Boc Group Plc | Weld cooling |
EP2338632A1 (de) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-29 | Harms & Wende GmbH & Co. KG | Reibpunktschweisswerkzeug |
WO2011080157A1 (de) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-07-07 | Harms & Wende Gmbh & Co. Kg | REIBPUNKTSCHWEIßWERKZEUG |
CN105728933A (zh) * | 2014-12-26 | 2016-07-06 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 摩擦点接合装置和摩擦点接合方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2005074451A (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
CN1839012A (zh) | 2006-09-27 |
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