WO2005011007A1 - 発光ダイオード及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
発光ダイオード及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005011007A1 WO2005011007A1 PCT/JP2004/010635 JP2004010635W WO2005011007A1 WO 2005011007 A1 WO2005011007 A1 WO 2005011007A1 JP 2004010635 W JP2004010635 W JP 2004010635W WO 2005011007 A1 WO2005011007 A1 WO 2005011007A1
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- emitting diode
- light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/819—Bodies characterised by their shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/81—Bodies
- H10H20/822—Materials of the light-emitting regions
- H10H20/824—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP
- H10H20/825—Materials of the light-emitting regions comprising only Group III-V materials, e.g. GaP containing nitrogen, e.g. GaN
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/50—Bond wires
- H10W72/531—Shapes of wire connectors
- H10W72/536—Shapes of wire connectors the connected ends being ball-shaped
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/851—Dispositions of multiple connectors or interconnections
- H10W72/874—On different surfaces
- H10W72/884—Die-attach connectors and bond wires
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/731—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors
- H10W90/736—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/751—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires
- H10W90/756—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a structure of a light emitting diode and a method for manufacturing the same, and is closely related to external quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency of a semiconductor device.
- the present invention is very useful for an LED (light-emitting diode) having a short emission wavelength such as blue-violet emission, violet emission, or ultraviolet emission, and a manufacturing process thereof.
- the present invention relates to a method for forming an electrode on a polished surface of a semiconductor substrate made of a conductive Group III nitride compound semiconductor that has been polished.
- the present invention can be widely used for a semiconductor element in which an electrode is directly formed on a semiconductor substrate.
- a semiconductor element include a light-receiving element and a pressure sensor in addition to a semiconductor light-emitting element such as a semiconductor laser (LD) and a light-emitting diode (LED). Since the application of the present invention does not particularly limit the specific functions and configurations of these semiconductor elements, the applicable range of the present invention is very wide.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a wide range of general technical knowledge on the external quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency of light-emitting diodes, mainly white LEDs and visible light LEDs.
- Patent Document 1 describes a configuration example in which a light emitting diode is provided with a truncated quadrangular pyramid-shaped tapered portion on the side of an n-type semiconductor substrate, and the formation of such a tapered portion is described. Discloses that the light extraction efficiency is improved.
- a crystal growth substrate on which a target semiconductor layer and an electrode are formed is used to divide the semiconductor wafer into light emitting element units in a subsequent dividing step. After crystal growth and the like are performed, the shape is thinned to an appropriate thickness by polishing or the like from the back surface.
- the shape processing is usually performed by mechanical or physical processing such as polishing or dicing.
- an n-electrode is formed on the back surface of a semiconductor substrate having conductivity, and a p-electrode is formed on the upper surface of the p-type layer so as to be opposed to the n-electrode.
- the thickness of the crystal growth substrate is normally secured to about 300 ⁇ m to 800 ⁇ m. These substrates are usually reduced to a thickness of about 50 m to 150 m through polishing, and then divided into individual chips (light emitting elements). The polishing treatment for such a thin plate may be performed before or after a necessary crystal growth step of various semiconductor layers.
- the substrate is made too thin, the substrate itself is liable to crack, and the time spent for the polishing process is undesirably long.
- the substrate is too thick, it is difficult to divide the semiconductor wafer accurately or reliably into a desired shape when dividing the semiconductor wafer.
- the semiconductor substrate also serves as a crystal growth substrate, the semiconductor substrate usually needs to be subjected to a handling (moving operation) before and after the crystal growth step, so that the semiconductor substrate has strength enough to withstand the handling.
- the above polishing treatment is performed after the crystal growth step in order to make
- the above-mentioned polishing treatment is usually performed at a stage prior to the dividing step of dividing the semiconductor wafer into individual chip units, because of the thickness at which the semiconductor substrate can be handled (or easily). The process is performed until the semiconductor substrate is about 100 m thick.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Norihide Yamada, "High Efficiency of Visible Light LED” Applied Physics, Vol. 68, No. 2 (199 9), p. 139-145
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-11-317546
- Patent Document 2 JP 2002-261014 A
- Patent Document 3 JP 2001-77476 A
- Patent Document 4 JP 2001-102673 A
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-7-131069
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-163403 Disclosure of the invention
- selecting GaN as a crystal growth substrate is advantageous in that physical properties such as a lattice constant are almost the same as or similar to those of the n-type contact layer. Further, the AIN substrate has a relatively large band gap, which is advantageous in that emitted light is hardly absorbed again.
- a self-supported AlGaN-based crystal (hereinafter, referred to as a Balta crystal or the like) is used as a crystal growth substrate, the distance between the semiconductor crystal growth layer having an element function and the substrate is increased. Since the difference in the refractive index is small, a considerable amount of light output from the light emitting layer (active layer) leaks into the substrate. Therefore, efficiently collecting such light and efficiently extracting it to the light emitting output side becomes an increasingly important issue when using GaN Balta crystal or the like for the substrate. In other words, this problem will be avoided in the future in terms of external quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency of devices, especially when manufacturing light-emitting diodes with a relatively short emission wavelength using AlGaN-based crystal growth substrates such as GaN. Difficult to do!
- the damaged layer is a layer in which crystallinity is deteriorated due to friction and pressure during polishing, and is also affected by the size of slurry, frictional force, pressure, etc. Through It has been found by our research that it is always formed with a film thickness of about 0.1 to 10 m.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a cross-sectional photograph of a damaged layer generated by such polishing. This polishing was performed using a 9 ⁇ m slurry.
- the left side (a) of FIG. 4 is an image (SEM image) obtained by a scanning electron microscope, and the right side (b) is a monochrome image (CL image) obtained by electron beam luminescence.
- the damaged layer is a hindrance in improving the contact state between the electrode to be formed later and the surface to be polished. Can not be obtained. This causes the drive voltage of the semiconductor device to be unnecessarily high.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a light emitting diode (LED) having a relatively short emission wavelength using a crystal growth substrate made of a semiconductor Balta crystal such as GaN.
- LED light emitting diode
- a crystal growth substrate made of a semiconductor Balta crystal such as GaN.
- Another object of the present invention is to effectively suppress the driving voltage of a semiconductor device.
- a further object of the present invention is to minimize the processing time of the above polishing force. That is.
- the first means of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a surface-emitting type light emitting diode in which a semiconductor layer is stacked on a crystal growth surface of a crystal growth substrate.
- the etching depth is more preferably 0.1 m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 0.2 m or more and 8 m or less. Further, it is preferable that L is at least 7 m.
- the crystal growth substrate any known material can be used.
- the second means of the present invention is characterized in that, in the shape processing step of the first means, at least a part of the emission surface or at least a part of the reflection surface is a tapered surface obliquely inclined with respect to the crystal growth surface. To form a taper forming step.
- a third means of the present invention is the light emitting device according to the second means, wherein the semiconductor wafer having a plurality of light emitting diodes is divided into substantially V-shaped dividing grooves for each light emitting diode. Is to constitute at least a part of the taper forming step.
- a fourth means of the present invention is that in any one of the first to third means, the light emitting diode manufactured has a light emission peak wavelength of less than 470 nm.
- the crystal growth substrate is made of AlGa ⁇ (0 ⁇ 1) or silicon carbide 1 Make up
- a sixth means of the present invention is directed to a surface-emitting light emitting diode having a semiconductor layer laminated on a crystal growth surface of a crystal growth substrate, wherein the crystal growth substrate is polished, damped.
- the light is transmitted to the light extraction side.
- a metal layer having a light-transmitting property is provided on the emission surface.
- An eighth means of the present invention is the method according to the sixth or seventh means, wherein a metal layer having reflectivity for reflecting light toward the light extraction side is provided on the reflection surface. .
- the ninth means of the present invention is the method according to any one of the sixth to eighth means, wherein the crystal growth is performed from AlGa0 (0 ⁇ 1) or silicon carbide (SiC). Forming a substrate
- At least a part of the emission surface or at least a part of the reflection surface is oblique to the crystal growth surface. To provide a tapered surface.
- an eleventh means of the present invention relates to a surface-emitting type light emitting diode having a semiconductor layer laminated on a crystal growth surface of a crystal growth substrate, wherein the side wall of the light emitting diode is reduced.
- a tapered surface obliquely inclined with respect to the crystal growth surface is provided, and this tapered surface is exposed on the front side of the light emitting diode which is the side having the semiconductor crystal layer on which the positive electrode is provided. It is to adopt an element structure in which a physical damage layer left on the tapered surface due to physical friction or impact generated during the formation is removed.
- a twelfth aspect of the present invention is directed to a light emitting diode manufactured by dividing a semiconductor wafer having a plurality of light emitting diodes for each light emitting diode based on the tenth or eleventh means.
- a tapered surface is provided on at least a part of the side wall of the light emitting diode, and at the same time, the tapered surface is partially surfaced by a part of a substantially V-shaped dividing groove for performing the above-mentioned division. It is to form.
- the thirteenth means of the present invention is the same as the one of the sixth to twelfth means,
- the light emitting diode has a light emission peak wavelength of less than 470 nm.
- Fourteenth means of the present invention is a method for forming an electrode on a polished surface of a semiconductor substrate made of a conductive Group III nitride-based compound semiconductor which has been polished. This is to dry-etch the surface to be polished.
- III-nitride compound semiconductor generally refers to a binary, ternary or quaternary compound semiconductor.
- Group III nitride compound semiconductor ".
- T1 or a semiconductor in which at least part of nitrogen (N) is replaced with phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), etc. ,these"
- Group III nitride-based compound semiconductors ".
- p-type impurity As the p-type impurity (acceptor), a known p-type impurity such as magnesium (Mg) or calcium (Ca) can be added.
- Mg magnesium
- Ca calcium
- n-type impurities examples include known n-type impurities such as silicon (Si), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), and germanium (Ge). It can be accompanied by calories.
- impurities may be added at the same time as two or more elements, or both types (p-type and n-type) at the same time.
- the damaged layer having deteriorated crystallinity can be removed, and at the same time, the surface to be polished becomes relatively smooth. Is obtained. This is probably because the damaged layer has high resistivity due to deterioration of crystallinity.
- the drive voltage of the semiconductor element can be effectively suppressed by the above operation.
- dry etching is performed using an RIE device or ICP device in order to selectively etch only the desired surface.
- a fifteenth means of the present invention is the semiconductor device according to the fourteenth means, wherein the semiconductor substrate has an n-type AlGaN (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) force.
- FIG. 5 is a gallium nitride was added mosquitoes ⁇ at a concentration of 4 X 10 18 / cm 3 to Si: consisting (n-type GaN) of 8 is a graph illustrating a relationship between a depth D obtained by dry-etching a polished surface of a semiconductor substrate (GaN substrate in FIGS. 6 and 7) and ohmic characteristics at that time.
- the voltage-current characteristics were measured for three types: 0 m, 1 m, and 4 m.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show an embodiment of the measurement.
- the n-electrode c is formed on the polished surface of the semiconductor substrate a by vapor deposition.
- the crystal growth layer b may be formed arbitrarily according to the structure of a desired semiconductor element.
- the crystal growth method used at that time is arbitrary.
- the damage layer al is removed by dry etching.
- the distance between the two n-electrodes c in FIGS. 6 and 7 is about 100 / zm, respectively.
- the measuring device y includes a DC power source of a variable voltage, a voltage measuring device, and a current measuring device, not shown.
- the measurement results shown in FIG. 5 are the results after polishing with a slurry of about 9 ⁇ m. As can be seen from the results, if dry etching is not performed at all, the n-electrode It can be seen that the ohmic properties of c are very poor.
- the semiconductor substrate is made of n-type Al Ga (0 ⁇ 1). Force composition
- the second means is very suitable for forming at least the electrode on the back surface of the substrate of the semiconductor light emitting device.
- this semiconductor substrate has a function as a semiconductor crystal growth substrate in terms of physical properties such as hardness, lattice constant, crystallinity, and electric conductivity. And the function as an n-type contact layer can be provided very satisfactorily at the same time.
- the depth of the surface to be polished to be removed by dry etching is set to 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 15 m or less. That is.
- a seventeenth means is that, in the sixteenth means, the depth of the surface to be polished to be removed by dry etching is not less than 0.2 ⁇ m and not more than 8 ⁇ m.
- the optimum value for the depth of the dry etching can be generally obtained in this range depending on the size of the slurry, frictional force, pressure, etc., and the composition ratio of the substrate. That is, within the above range, the best ohmic characteristics can be obtained between the semiconductor substrate and the electrode while minimizing the sum of the polishing time and the dry etching time. .
- the above-mentioned problem can be effectively or rationally solved.
- the above-mentioned mechanical or physical treatment polishing, dicing, or blasting
- the above-mentioned light exit surface or The above-mentioned physical damage layer remaining on the surface of the reflective surface (hereinafter, may be collectively referred to as a physical surface or simply a processed surface) can be effectively removed by etching.
- a physical surface or simply a processed surface For this reason, light absorption or scattering of light into the element by the physical damage layer formed on the processing surface (the above-mentioned emission surface or reflection surface) is effectively suppressed. Therefore, when a light emitting diode (LED) is manufactured, its external quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency can be kept high.
- LED light emitting diode
- the amount of light absorbed or scattered inside the side wall surface of the light emitting diode is reduced. Can effectively improve the external quantum efficiency and the takeout rate.
- the step of etching the physical processing surface including the taper part is also performed by the taper part. It can be implemented all at once.
- at least a part of the above-described taper forming step can be performed by performing the step of forming the dividing groove.
- the step of forming the dividing groove can also serve as the whole of the above-described taper forming step. For this reason, according to the third means of the present invention, the execution efficiency of the above-described taper forming step can be extremely efficiently secured.
- Each of the above-described means exerts a particularly large effect on a light-emitting diode that at least partially emits light in a frequency region having an emission spectral power of less than 70 nm. Furthermore, according to the fourth or thirteenth means of the present invention, most of the light having a wavelength of less than 470 nm in the frequency range of the emission spectrum of the intended light emitting diode is less than 470 nm. No adverse effect (: light absorption or scattering inside the device). Therefore, according to these means, it is possible to manufacture a light emitting diode with high luminous efficiency, in which a decrease in external quantum efficiency due to the physical damage layer is effectively eliminated.
- the above threshold value (470 nm) has been empirically determined as described above, and this threshold value depends on the roughness or depth of damage of the physical damage layer or the semiconductor crystal (growth layer) to be shaped. It is also considered to depend somewhat on the material (physical properties) of the semiconductor Balta crystal substrate).
- the roughness or depth of the physical damage layer is determined by the material and diameter of the slurry used in the polishing process, or the material, diameter, mass, momentum and flow rate of the particle used in the blasting process. Also depends. However, it can be confirmed that the present invention is effective at least in the above range.
- any known material can be used. However, in order to improve the light output of the light emitting diode as much as possible, light extraction such as a refractive index and a light transmission property is performed. Considering physical properties related to efficiency, it is more preferable to use a semiconductor Balta crystal such as AlGaN or SiC as the material of the crystal growth substrate (fifth and ninth means of the present invention). The effect of the present invention is more remarkable when a material having relatively good physical properties regarding the light extraction efficiency as described above is used for a substrate. In particular, selecting GaN as the crystal growth substrate is advantageous in making the physical properties such as the lattice constant substantially match or similar to those of the n-type contact layer.
- A1N substrate Is advantageous because it has a relatively large band gap, and it is difficult for the emitted light to be absorbed again.
- the composition formula Alx in order to appropriately select these superiorities, to appropriately taste cauldron, or to optimally weight them, the composition formula Alx
- the ratio x of the aluminum thread in Gal-xx (0 ⁇ 1) can be a very suitable adjustment parameter (the fifth and ninth means of the present invention).
- the sixth aspect of the present invention since the physical damage layer is removed, the above-described light absorption (or scattering of light) by the physical damage layer is effectively suppressed. You. Therefore, according to the sixth means of the present invention, in a target light emitting diode (LED), high external quantum efficiency and high light extraction efficiency can be ensured.
- LED target light emitting diode
- the seventh means of the present invention when a light-transmitting metal layer is provided on the light-emitting surface, light absorption on the light-transmitting surface is suppressed, and the vicinity of the metal layer is reduced.
- the external quantum efficiency or extraction efficiency is improved because the light transmittance of the light is improved.
- the amount of light absorbed or scattered inside the side wall surface of the light emitting diode is very effectively reduced, and the light is extracted on the light extraction side. Since such light can be output efficiently, the external quantum efficiency and the extraction rate of the light emitting diode can be improved very effectively.
- the tapered surface is exposed to the front side, the light emitted from the tapered surface is directly taken out to the front side of the light emitting diode.
- the external quantum efficiency and the takeout rate can be improved very effectively.
- these tapered surfaces can also be formed by using a part of the surface of the divided groove formed on the front side (twelfth means of the present invention). In this case, it is advantageous in that it is not necessary to prepare a new special taper surface forming step.
- the polished surface for forming the electrode is dry-etched, and the electrode is formed on the etched surface. Since the damaged layer is removed by polishing, the ohmic characteristics of the polished surface of the electrode are improved.
- the semiconductor substrate is made of n-type AlGaN (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1),
- the fifteenth means when the depth of the surface to be polished to be removed by dry etching is set to 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 15 m or less, the sum of the polishing time and the dry etching time is almost minimized. In addition, the effect of improving the ohmic property of the electrode can be substantially maximized.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a light-down type light-emitting diode 100 of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 A cross-sectional view of a face-up type light emitting diode 200 of Example 2.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a face-up type light emitting diode 1000 according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional photograph of a damaged layer generated by polishing.
- FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the relationship between the depth obtained by dry-etching the polished surface and the ohmic characteristics.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a mode for measuring the ohmic characteristics in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a mode for measuring the ohmic characteristics in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a light emitting diode 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 A light emitting diode 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a modification thereof (light emitting diode 5
- FIG. 10 is a manufacturing process diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.
- the depth of the above-described etching is appropriately from 0.1 m to 15 ⁇ m, and more preferably, from 0.2 m to 8 ⁇ m. Since a damage layer of 1 ⁇ m or more is observed, the etching depth is more preferably 1 m or more and 7 m or less. If the depth is too shallow, the physical damage layer cannot be sufficiently removed in many cases. On the other hand, if the depth is too large, the time required for the etching step becomes longer, which is not desirable in terms of productivity and production cost. In other words, by complying with the appropriate range, the physical damage layer left on the physical kneaded surface can be removed to a necessary and sufficient extent.
- the etching depth is preferably or optimally determined in accordance with the actual physical shape processing mode. For example, when performing polishing, the necessary and sufficient force for changing the etching depth according to various conditions such as the size of the slurry used, the surface pressure of the processed surface during polishing, and the processing speed. In this case, the optimum value of the etching depth can be obtained empirically without any particular trial and error. The same applies to other mechanical shapes such as dicing and blasting. [0067] The material of the crystal growth substrate and the added impurities have already been described. In particular, selecting GaN as the crystal growth substrate is advantageous in making the physical properties such as the lattice constant substantially match or similar to those of the n-type contact layer.
- the A1N substrate has an advantage in that the emitted light is difficult to be absorbed again because the band gap is relatively large.
- the composition ratio X can be a very suitable adjustment parameter.
- the band gap of each semiconductor crystal layer (accordingly, the aluminum composition ratio X) should be increased as far as possible without interfering with other structures. It is desirable to keep it.
- the active layer (light-emitting layer) of the light-emitting diode may have any structure, such as an MQW structure or SQW structure, or a single-layer structure without a quantum well structure.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the light-down type light emitting diode 100 of the first embodiment.
- the back side of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 having a thickness of about 150 m, which also has GaN Balta crystal force without addition, has a flat polished surface 102a finished by dry etching and a tapered shape finished by dry etching. It is composed of a ground surface 102b.
- the crystal growth surface substantially parallel to the polished surface 102a of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 the c-plane of the GaN Balta crystal is used.
- an ⁇ -type contact layer 103 having a thickness of about 4.0 ⁇ m and having a silicon (Si) -doped gallium nitride (GaN) force is laminated by crystal growth.
- impurity (Si) added concentration of the ⁇ -type contact layer 103 is about 1 X 10 19 / cm 3.
- an n-type cladding layer 104 (low carrier concentration layer) made of GaN and having a thickness of about lOnm is formed.
- An active layer 105 having a light MQW structure is formed.
- a p-type cladding layer 106 made of Mg-doped p-type AlGaN and having a thickness of about 50 nm is formed.
- a positive electrode 120 having a multilayer structure by metal deposition is formed on the p-type contact layer 107, and a negative electrode 140 is formed on the n-type contact layer 103 having a high carrier concentration.
- the positive electrode 120 having a multilayer structure includes a first positive electrode layer 121 bonded to the p-type contact layer 107, a second positive electrode layer 122 formed on the first positive electrode layer 121, and a second positive electrode layer 122. This is a three-layer structure of a positive electrode third layer 123 formed on the upper part.
- the first positive electrode layer 121 is a metal layer made of rhodium (Rh) having a thickness of about 0.1 ⁇ m and joined to the p-type contact layer 107.
- the positive electrode second layer 122 is a metal layer made of gold (Au) having a thickness of about 1.2 m.
- the positive electrode third layer 123 is a metal layer of titanium ( ⁇ ⁇ ) having a thickness of about 20 A.
- the negative electrode 140 having a multilayer structure includes a vanadium (V) layer 141 having a thickness of about 175 A, an aluminum (A1) layer 142 having a thickness of about 1000 A, and a vanadium (V) layer having a thickness of about 500 A. 143, a nickel (Ni) layer 144 having a thickness of about 500 OA, and a gold (Au) layer 145 having a thickness of about 8000 A, respectively. It is configured by stacking.
- the protective film 13 made of a SiO film is provided between the positive electrode 120 and the negative electrode 140 thus formed.
- the protective layer 130 is formed by etching the side of the active layer 105, the side of the p-type cladding layer 106, and the side of the p-type contact layer 107, which are exposed by etching from the n-type contact layer 103 exposed to form the negative electrode 140. Part of the side surface and top surface, the side surface of the positive electrode first layer 121, the side surface of the positive electrode second layer 122, the side surface of the positive electrode third layer 123, and a part of the top surface are covered.
- the thickness of the portion of the protective film 130 made of the SiO film that covers the positive electrode third layer 123 is 0.5 m.
- the light emitting diode 10 was manufactured by vapor phase growth using a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method (hereinafter abbreviated as “MOVPE”).
- the gases used were ammonia (NH), carrier gas (H, N), trimethylgallium (Ga (CH3) 3) (hereinafter referred to as "TMG”), trimethylaluminum (
- TMA trimethylindium (In (CH))
- TMI trimethylindium (In)
- the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 which is made of GaN barta crystal and is made of uncured katu and whose main surface is c-washed by organic washing and heat treatment, is mounted on a susceptor placed in a reaction chamber of a MOVPE apparatus. At this time, the thickness of semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is about 400 / zm. Next, the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 was heated at a temperature of 1150 ° C. while flowing H into the reaction chamber at normal pressure.
- the temperature of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 was maintained at 1150 ° C., and H, NH, TMG, and
- the diluted silane was supplied to form an n-type contact layer 103 made of GaN having a thickness of about 4.0 m, an electron concentration of 2 ⁇ 10 1 cm 3 , and a Si concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- the temperature of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is maintained at 1150 ° C.
- G is supplied to form an n-type cladding layer 104 (low carrier concentration layer) made of GaN and having a thickness of about lOnm.
- the active layer 105 having the MQW structure, consisting of a total of five layers, is formed.
- the temperature of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is reduced to 770 ° C., and at the same time, the carrier gas is changed to H, N, and the supply amounts of the carrier gas and NH are not maintained.
- a well layer 51 having an N force is formed on the n-type cladding layer 104.
- the temperature of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is increased to 1000 ° C., and N 2, NH 3, TMG, and TMA are supplied onto the well layer 51 to form an AlGaN film having a thickness of about 18 nm.
- Ba consisting of
- the rear layer 52 is formed.
- the active layer 105 including the layer 51, the barrier layer 52, the well layer 51, the barrier layer 52, and the last well layer 51) is formed.
- the temperature of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 was increased to 890 ° C., and N, TMG, TMA,
- magnesium (Mg) By supplying CP Mg, magnesium (Mg) with a thickness of about 20 nm and a concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 is doped.
- a p-type cladding layer 106 is formed, which also has a p-type AlGaN force.
- the temperature of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is raised to 1000 ° C., and at the same time, the carrier gas is changed again to H, and H, NH, TMG, and CP Mg are supplied to form a film having a thickness of about 85 nm and a concentration of
- a p-type contact layer 107 made of p-type GaN doped with Mg of X 10 19 / cm 3 is formed.
- the steps described above are crystal growth steps for each semiconductor layer made of a group III nitride compound semiconductor.
- a photoresist is applied on the surface of the wafer, and the photoresist on the electrode forming portion on the p-type contact layer 107 is removed by photolithography to form a window. That is, only a partial region of the p-type contact layer 107 which is to be a formation region of the positive electrode 120 is exposed.
- a positive electrode second layer 122 of gold (Au) having a thickness of about 1.2 m and a positive electrode third layer 123 of titanium (Ti) having a thickness of about 20 A are sequentially deposited.
- the sample is taken out from the evaporator, and each of these metal layers deposited on the photoresist by the lift-off method is removed.
- the negative electrode 140 and the protective film 130 are sequentially formed in accordance with the well-known face-down type light emitting diode process (each manufacturing process).
- the sample atmosphere is evacuated with a vacuum pump, and O gas is supplied to a pressure of 3 Pa.
- the atmosphere temperature is set to about 550 ° C., and the heating is performed for about 3 minutes, and the p-type contact layer 107 and the p-type cladding layer 106 are p-type low-resistance and the p-type contact layer 107 and the positive electrode 120 are heated. And n-type contact layer 103 and negative electrode 140 are alloyed. This allows the positive and negative electrodes to be These electrodes are further firmly bonded to the formed semiconductor layers.
- a protective film is formed on the surface (front surface) of the wafer to protect the electrodes and the stacked semiconductor layers from the pressure and impact force of the polishing process, and the wafer is attached to a wafer attaching plate of a polishing apparatus. .
- the back surface of semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is polished using a polishing machine.
- the size of the slurry used is 9 m, and the thickness of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 of 400 m is reduced to 150 m.
- the wafer is removed from the wafer attachment plate of the polishing apparatus and washed, and wax and a protective film at the time of attachment are removed. Finally, the wafer is dried.
- the diameter of the slurry in the above polishing treatment is desirably about 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m. If the diameter is too large, the thickness of the damaged layer may be larger than expected, which is not desirable. If the diameter is too small, the polishing time is undesirably long. More preferably, it is about 11.
- a wafer is attached to an adhesive tape.
- the electrode forming surface faces the adhesive tape.
- a grid-shaped V-shaped groove is formed for each element on the back surface of the wafer by grinding using a dicing cutter.
- the tapered ground surface 102b of FIG. 1 can be formed.
- the wafer is also removed from the adhesive tape.
- the back surface (polished surface) of the polished semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is dry-etched to a depth of about 2 ⁇ m.
- this dry etching at least most of the damaged layer generated during the polishing is removed. Any of the following devices may be used for this dry etching.
- the above-described dry etching can be performed by the following procedure.
- a protective film for the RIE etching gas is formed on the front surface of the wafer using a resist.
- the extraction voltage (acceleration voltage) is set to 800 V, etching is performed to a depth of about 0. Then, the extraction voltage is reduced to 400 V, and the remaining 0.2 ⁇ dry etching is continued. I do.
- etching damage thin and secondary physical damage layers formed on the back surface of the wafer by etching is removed. Or can be reduced.
- a half-cut scribing or the like is performed on the front surface side, and thereafter, through a breaking step or the like, the wafer-shaped semiconductor is divided into individual chips.
- Each of these steps may be performed according to a well-known method.
- a more detailed implementation standard for this dividing method for example, a dividing technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-284642 may be referred to.
- the face-down type light emitting diode of FIG. Get 100 According to the above manufacturing process, the face-down type light emitting diode of FIG. Get 100.
- the light output was improved by about 20% as compared with the light emitting diode without the dry etching.
- the light output is approximately doubled by the formation of the tapered portion as compared to a force without forming the tapered portion.
- the light emitting diode 100 of the first embodiment uses a GaN Balta crystal as a crystal growth substrate, forms a tapered portion on the crystal growth substrate, and furthermore, a polished surface or a ground surface of the crystal growth substrate. Extremely high luminous output due to a synergistic effect such as finish finishing by dry etching. [0096] (Conditions for deformation or optimization)
- the structure of the first embodiment can be modified or optimized under the following conditions.
- the optimal value for the depth of dry etching depends on the size of the slurry used in the preceding polishing step, the size of frictional force and pressure, the composition ratio of the substrate, and other factors. From research, it has been empirically found that it can be obtained in the range of about 18 ⁇ m. In this case, the sum of the polishing time and the dry etching time can be suppressed to a minimum, which is convenient in terms of productivity.
- ⁇ 1 it is preferable to use ⁇ 1), but other III-nitride-based compound semiconductors or a semiconductor crystal of SiC may be used as the substrate material.
- a force using a semiconductor substrate having a self-supporting gallium nitride crystal (: GaN Balta crystal) force as the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is not necessarily required to be a single layer.
- GaN Balta crystal gallium nitride crystal
- a semiconductor Balta crystal is required.
- Other parts having a size of 150 ⁇ m or more are removed in the polishing step, and thus may have any configuration. Therefore, for example, a substrate in which an underlayer is formed on a silicon substrate and GaN is grown thereon (ie, an epitaxial growth substrate) may be used.
- the silicon substrate and the underlying layer are removed by gas etching or polishing to remove only the n-type AlGa ⁇ (0 ⁇
- the thickness of the remaining semiconductor crystal substrate 102 does not necessarily need to be limited to the above 150 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the remaining semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is within the range of 50 to 300 m, Either is acceptable.
- the thickness of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 before the polishing step is desirably about 250 to 500 ⁇ m! / !. More preferably, it is about 300 to 400 ⁇ m. If the thickness is too large, the polishing process takes too much time. If the thickness is too small, the semiconductor wafer may be damaged during the handling of the semiconductor wafer.
- the positive and negative electrodes are provided on the front side (front side).
- the negative electrode is provided on the back side of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102, that is, the flat polished surface finished by dry etching. It may be formed on the ground surface 102b having a tapered shape finished by 102a or dry etching. If the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 is an n-type substrate having good electric conductivity and the formed negative electrode is a light-transmitting thin film electrode, a face-down type light emitting diode can be manufactured even with such a configuration. Can be.
- a light-transmitting electrode may be formed on the above-mentioned etched surface.
- This translucent electrode can be satisfactorily vapor-deposited (adhesively formed) directly on the n-type substrate without passing through the physical damage layer.
- the etching process according to the present invention can simultaneously improve the electrode. It also contributes to ensuring high ohmic properties.
- a light-transmitting thin film electrode is formed on the back surface of the semiconductor crystal substrate 102 by vapor deposition.
- the light-transmitting thin-film electrode deposition step may be performed between the above-described “etching step” and “dividing step”.
- wiring to the negative electrode of the light emitting diode can be implemented by wire bonding, for example, as disclosed in the aforementioned Patent Document 1 (shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4).
- the present invention is also very useful when the above-mentioned physical processing surface is formed or shaped by blasting.
- the substantially flat polished surface 102a finished by dry etching and the tapered ground surface 102b finished by dry etching are in contact with edges (ridges).
- This edge (edge) may be rounded to form a desired R (roundness due to chamfering).
- Even by such blasting a physically damaged layer is formed on the physically processed surface, but if the above-described etching is performed after the blasting, the same effect as that of the above-described Example 1 can be obtained. .
- this blasting process is performed appropriately, the necessary and sufficient etching process can be performed. It is also effective in reducing the time.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a face-up type light emitting diode 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the light emitting diode 200 follows a well-known face-up type mounting mode, and the back surface la of the semiconductor crystal substrate 1 made of undoped GaN Balta crystal is polished, laser processed, And physically formed by blasting and then finished by dry etching. This polishing process is performed to thin the semiconductor crystal substrate 1 like the first embodiment. Laser processing is performed to form a V-shaped groove for wafer division and an appropriate R (roundness) on the back surface of the semiconductor crystal substrate 1.
- blasting is performed to remove the above-mentioned molten re-solidified material and melt-scattered re-solidified material and to form an appropriate R.
- the final dry etching is, of course, performed to remove the physical damage layer left on the surface of the physical processing surface formed by the blasting, similarly to the first embodiment.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a negative electrode provided on the n-type semiconductor layer 2a
- reference numeral 7 denotes a positive electrode provided on the p-type semiconductor layer 2b. It is desirable that the positive electrode 7 be translucent.
- the lead frame 3 is provided with a reflecting surface 3a in the form of a rotating body having a substantially quadratic curve, and the surface is formed in a substantially mirror-like shape.
- the semiconductor crystal substrate 1 is adhered to the center of the inner bottom of the reflection surface 3a by a translucent adhesive 4. It is desirable to select a transparent material as much as possible for the translucent adhesive 4 from the viewpoint of improving external quantum efficiency.
- the inclination angle of the inclined surface la is preferably or preferably set in accordance with the refractive index of the translucent adhesive 4.
- the value of the inclination angle of the inclined surface la may be determined first, and the material may be adjusted so that the material of the translucent adhesive 4 is selected in consideration of various conditions such as the refractive index.
- the light extraction effect efficiency from the back surface or side wall surface of the semiconductor crystal substrate 1 having the inclined surface la is extremely high due to the operation of the present invention based on the means of the present invention.
- a higher external quantum efficiency than before can be secured.
- the present invention exerts a great effect on a face-up type light emitting diode.
- the tapered portion was formed on the semiconductor crystal substrate 102.
- the tapered portion for extracting light was provided on the side wall of each semiconductor layer (103-107) laminated by crystal growth. It may be formed so as to face the front side.
- the tapered portion formed on the front side of each semiconductor layer having an element function, which is stacked by crystal growth, also contributes to light extraction efficiency and external quantum efficiency.
- a similar tapered portion may be formed on the front side of the wafer.
- the formation of these tapered portions can be performed using, for example, a dicing cutter or the like.
- the etching (finish processing) of the present invention is also effective for the tapered portion on the front side formed in this manner.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a face-up type light emitting diode 1000 according to the third embodiment.
- the light emitting diode 1000 has a sapphire substrate 1001 polished to a thickness of about 100 m after the formation of the protective film 1300.
- an A1N single crystal layer 1010 made of aluminum nitride (A1N) having a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m is formed, and furthermore, silicon (Si) is doped thereon to form an electron.
- n-type contact layer 1020 On this n-type contact layer 1020, a layer 1.5 of AlGaN having a thickness of about 1.5 nm is formed.
- n-type cladding layer 1030 having a multilayer force of about 100 mm with an electron concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 .
- a light emitting layer 1040 having a single quantum well structure that mainly outputs ultraviolet light is formed on the n-type cladding layer 1030.
- the light emitting layer 1040 having a single quantum well structure (SQW) has a barrier layer 1041 made of non-doped AlGaN having a thickness of about 25 nm and a non-doped AlGaN layer having a thickness of about 2 nm.
- Well layer 1042 made of Al In GaN and non-doped Al Ga
- a p-type cladding layer 1060 having a multilayer strength of about 90 mm with a hole concentration of 5 ⁇ 10 1 cm 3 is formed.
- a p-type contact layer 1070 having a thickness of about 30 nm and having an AlGaN force having a hole concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 by doping with magnesium (Mg) was formed.
- the translucent thin-film positive electrode 1100 has a first layer 1110 made of conoreto (Co) having a thickness of about 1.5 to be directly bonded to the p-type contact layer 1070, and a thickness of about 6 to be bonded to the cobalt film. And a second layer 1120 made of gold (Au).
- the thick-film positive electrode 1200 has a first layer 1210 made of vanadium (V) having a thickness of about 18 mm, a second layer 1220 made of gold (Au) having a thickness of about 15 m, and a thickness of about 10 nm.
- the negative electrode 1400 having a multilayer structure is formed by sequentially laminating the third layer 1230 made of aluminum (A1) with the upper force of the translucent thin film positive electrode 1100, and a part of the n-type contact layer 1020 is exposed. From above, the first layer 1410 made of vanadium (V) with a thickness of about 18 nm and aluminum (A1) with a thickness of about 100 nm And a second layer 1420 comprising:
- a protective film 1300 made of a SiO film is formed. Meanwhile, Etchin
- a reflective metal layer 1500 made of aluminum (A1) having a thickness of about 500 is formed by metal evaporation at the lowermost portion corresponding to the bottom surface (etched surface ⁇ ) of the sapphire substrate 1001 subjected to the slag treatment.
- the reflective metal layer 1500 may be made of a metal such as Rh TiW or a nitride such as TiN H1N.
- the tapered etched surface a located on the left and right side walls of the chip has the above-mentioned semiconductor crystal layer when a V-shaped groove for division is formed on the front side of the wafer using a dicing cutter.
- This is the surface of the tapered portion (grinded surface) formed on the side wall of, etc., which is further finished by dry etching. Since the physical damage layer remaining on the tapered portion (surface to be ground) at the time of forming the V-shaped groove is removed from the etched surface oc, absorption of ultraviolet light is effectively suppressed. Therefore, the etched surface ⁇ finished by dry etching favorably contributes to light extraction upward.
- the etched surface ⁇ (the bottom surface of the sapphire substrate 1001) is a surface obtained by further finishing the back surface (polished surface) of the wafer exposed by the polishing process by dry etching. Since the physical damage layer remaining on the back surface (polished surface) of the wafer after the polishing process has been removed from the etched surface j8, absorption of ultraviolet light is effectively suppressed. For this reason, the reflectance of the reflective metal layer 1500 is effectively improved. Therefore, the etched surface j8 finished by dry etching also contributes favorably to light extraction upward.
- the band gap of each semiconductor crystal layer is as large as possible by optimizing the aluminum composition ratio of each semiconductor crystal layer. According to such a configuration, even in the near-ultraviolet region emitted from the light-emitting layer, absorption in the semiconductor crystal layer other than the light-emitting layer can be effectively suppressed.
- the setting of the band gap also contributes greatly to the improvement of the external quantum efficiency of light emitting diodes.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the light emitting diode 500 of the present embodiment.
- the semiconductor substrate a in FIG. 8 is doped with silicon (Si) as an n-type impurity.
- the addition concentration is 4 is an X 10Vcm 3 about.
- the semiconductor substrate a may be referred to as an n-type contact layer 503 due to its function in the light emitting diode 500.
- the crystal growth layer b is made of a group III nitride compound semiconductor having a multilayer structure.
- the upper surface of the semiconductor substrate a which also has an n-type gallium nitride (GaN) force, contributes to the crystal growth of the crystal growth layer b.
- the surface of the semiconductor substrate a opposite to the upper surface (hereinafter referred to as the back surface or the surface to be polished) is polished and dry-etched, and the surface is further provided with a negative electrode (n-electrode c). Is formed!
- an n-type clad layer 504 (low carrier concentration layer) having a film thickness of 105 A and having a non-doped GaN force is formed.
- An active layer 505 having an MQW structure in which a total of five layers are alternately laminated with the rear layer 520 is formed. Further, on this active layer 505, a film thickness of about 50 of Mg-doped p-type AlGaN is formed.
- a p-type cladding layer 506 of nm is formed. Further, on the p-type cladding layer 506, a p-type contact layer 507 made of Mg-doped p-type GaN and having a thickness of about 100 nm is formed.
- a translucent positive electrode (p-electrode 509) is formed by metal evaporation.
- the p-electrode 509 is composed of cobalt (Co) having a thickness of about 40 which is directly bonded to the p-type contact layer 507 and gold (Au) having a thickness of about 60 A which is bonded to the Co.
- the n-electrode c is composed of vanadium (V) having a thickness of about 200 A and aluminum (A1) or an A1 alloy having a thickness of about 1.8 m in order from the back surface (etched surface). The reason for increasing the thickness of the n-electrode c is to sufficiently reflect light upward.
- a semiconductor substrate a made of a single-crystal GaN having the a-plane as a main surface and cleaned by organic cleaning and heat treatment is mounted on a susceptor placed in a reaction chamber of a MOVPE apparatus. At this time, the thickness of the semiconductor substrate a is about 400 m. Next, H was flowed at normal pressure for 2
- the semiconductor substrate a is baked at a temperature of 1150 ° C while flowing into the reaction chamber at 2 Z for about 30 minutes. [0124] (Growth of n-type cladding layer 504)
- the temperature of the semiconductor substrate a is maintained at 1150 ° C, H is supplied for 20 liters Z, and NH is supplied for 20 liters.
- n-type cladding layer 50 4 having a thickness of 105A comprising GaN force of undoped (low carrier concentration layer).
- the active layer 505 of the MQW structure (FIG. 8) composed of a total of five layers is formed.
- the temperature of the semiconductor substrate a is reduced to 730 ° C.
- the TMG 3.1 X 10- 6 mole Z min by supplying at 0.7 X 10- 6 mole Z fraction of TMI, a well layer 510 of an In Ga N force having a thickness of about 35A also made n the Mold cladding
- the temperature of the semiconductor substrate a was raised to 885 ° C., and N was placed on the well layer 510 described above.
- barrier layer 520 made of GaN of the thickness of about 70A.
- the active layer 505 is formed.
- the temperature of the semiconductor substrate a is raised to 890 ° C, and N is reduced to 10 liters.
- the concentration 5 X 10 19 / p-type Al Ga N force was magnesium ⁇ doped beam a (Mg) in cm 3 also comprising p-type cladding layer Form 506.
- the temperature of the semiconductor substrate a is raised to 1000 ° C, and at the same time, the carrier gas is returned to H again.
- a p-type contact layer 507 made of p-type GaN doped with Mg is formed.
- the steps described above are crystal growth steps for each semiconductor layer made of a group III nitride compound semiconductor.
- a photoresist is applied on the surface of the p-type contact layer 507, and the photoresist is removed from the electrode formation portion on the p-type contact layer 7 by photolithography to form a window, and the p-type contact is formed.
- Expose layer 7. After evacuating to 10- 4 Pa order high vacuum below, on the p-type contact layer 7 is exposed, Co and a film thickness of about 40A deposited, Au to a thickness of about 60 A deposited on the Co. Next, the sample is taken out from the evaporator, and Co and Au deposited on the photoresist are removed by a lift-off method to form a translucent P electrode 509 in close contact with the p-type contact layer 7.
- the back surface of the semiconductor substrate a is polished using a polishing machine.
- the size of the slurry used is 9 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the semiconductor substrate a having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m is thinned to 150 ⁇ m, then washed and dried.
- the diameter of the slurry is preferably about 0.5-15 / zm. If the diameter is too large, the thickness of the damaged layer may be larger than expected, which is not desirable. On the other hand, if the diameter is too small, the polishing time is undesirably long. More preferably, it is about 11.
- the back surface (polished surface) of the polished semiconductor substrate a is dry-etched to a depth of about 2 ⁇ m.
- this dry etching at least most of the damaged layer generated during the polishing is removed.
- any of the following devices may be used.
- a photoresist is applied on the entire back surface of the semiconductor substrate a, forming a window in a predetermined region on the exposed surface of the n-type contact layer 503 by photolithography and vapor below the high vacuum 10- 4 Pa Order After that, about 200A of vanadium (V)
- A1 having a thickness of about 1.8 m are sequentially laminated by vapor deposition. Thereafter, the photoresist is removed to form an n-electrode c which is in close contact with the semiconductor substrate a (: n-type contact layer 503).
- the sample atmosphere is evacuated with a vacuum pump, and O gas is supplied to a pressure of 3 Pa.
- the atmosphere temperature is set to about 550 ° C., and the heating is performed for about 3 minutes, and the p-type contact layer 507 and the p-type cladding layer 506 are p-type low-resistance, and the p-type contact layer 507 and the p-electrode 9 And an alloying process between the semiconductor substrate a and the n-electrode c.
- each electrode n-electrode p-electrode 9
- each electrode can be very firmly bonded to each semiconductor layer to be bonded.
- the wafer-like semiconductor is divided into individual chips through a half-cutting step, a dividing step, and the like. These steps may be performed according to a well-known method. As a more detailed implementation standard for this division method, for example, a division technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-284642 may be referred to.
- Fig. 9 shows a light emitting diode 500 according to an embodiment of the present invention and each drive voltage V of a modification thereof (the light emitting diode 50 ().
- the light emitting diode 50 (has the same structure as that of Fig. 8).
- the light emitting diode 500 is manufactured by omitting the etching step of dry-etching the polished surface of the semiconductor substrate a in the manufacturing process of the light emitting diode 500 described above. That is, in the light emitting diode 50 (), the above-described dry etching depth D is 0 ⁇ m.
- the second item "I" in this table is the drive current flowing between the positive and negative electrodes of the element, and indicates the current value required for good light emission output of each light emitting diode. From this table, it can be seen that the driving voltage V is 3.5 V for the light-emitting diode 500 that has been dry-etched to a depth of 2 m.
- the force is ⁇ , and the difference reaches 6.5v.
- the dry etching depth D is set to 2 m, for example. It turns out that it is good to make it about. This result is in good agreement with the description of the operation and effect described above with reference to FIGS. 5, 6, and 7.
- the optimum value of the dry etching depth D for obtaining the best ohmic characteristics between the semiconductor substrate and the electrode depends on the size of the slurry, frictional force, pressure, etc., the composition ratio of the substrate, etc. According to other studies, it is empirically found that the force can be obtained in the range of about 18 to 18 m. In this case, the sum of the polishing time and the dry etching time can be minimized, which is convenient in terms of productivity.
- n-type AlGaN (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) is used as the semiconductor substrate a.
- a group III nitride compound semiconductor may be used.
- the n-type impurities to be added are not particularly limited to Si.
- the semiconductor substrate a is not necessarily required to be a single layer as the semiconductor substrate a using a single gallium nitride crystal (: n-type bulk GaN) semiconductor substrate.
- n-type AlGaN (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) having a thickness of 150 m or more, which remains as a suitable n-type contact layer 3, may be used.
- the thickness of the n-type contact layer to be left is not necessarily limited to the above 150 m.
- the thickness of the n-type contact layer to be left here should be within the range of 50 to 300 ⁇ m. Any is acceptable.
- the thickness of the semiconductor substrate a before the polishing step is desirably about 250-500 / zm. More preferably, it is about 300 to 400 m. This thickness is too thick If the polishing step takes too much time and the polishing step is too short, the semiconductor wafer may be damaged during handling of the semiconductor wafer, which is not desirable.
- the formation of the p-electrode 509 is performed before the polishing step.
- the formation of the p-electrode 509 is performed in substantially the same process sequence (after the etching step) as the formation of the n-electrode c. May be applied.
- the formation of the n-electrode c may be performed after the heat treatment (alloying of the p-electrode 509). In this case, since the deposited n-electrode c is not heat-treated, alloying of the n-electrode c is practically not performed.
- the force n electrode c may be made translucent by making the p electrode 509 translucent.
- the active layer has an MQW structure.
- the active layer may have a SQW structure, a quantum well structure, or a single layer structure.
- FIG. 11A a light emitting diode 610 composed of a plurality of layers of a group III nitride compound semiconductor is formed on a sapphire substrate 600.
- a p-electrode 620 is formed on the light-emitting diode 610, and a shell occluding plate 650 is joined to the p-electrode 620.
- the sapphire substrate 600 is polished and disappeared using the attachment plate 650 as a holder.
- a damage layer 630 is formed in the lowermost group III nitride compound semiconductor layer of the light emitting diode 610. This damage layer 630 is etched in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.
- the attachment plate 650 serves as a holding member when the sapphire substrate 600 is polished. After the product is used, it can be used as a heat sink for the light emitting diode 610, as a metal reflector that reflects light to the n-electrode 640 side, or as a fixing member for the product of the light emitting diode 610. May be. Further, after polishing the sapphire substrate 600, the attachment plate 650 may be peeled off. As for the order of lamination on the sapphire substrate 600, the force may be laminated with the n-layer first and the p-layer first. In this case, activation of the p-layer can be performed by polishing the sapphire substrate 600 and then performing a heat treatment. The present invention can be used for manufacturing such a light emitting diode.
- the present invention can be widely used for a semiconductor element in which an electrode is directly formed on a semiconductor substrate.
- a semiconductor element include a light-receiving element and a pressure sensor in addition to a semiconductor light-emitting element such as a semiconductor laser (LD) and a light-emitting diode (LED). That is, since the application of the present invention does not particularly limit the specific functions and configurations of those semiconductor elements, the applicable range of the present invention is very wide. Industrial applicability
- the present invention can be used for a light-emitting diode of a relatively short wavelength having at least a part of an emission spectrum having an emission region of less than 470 nm. Therefore, the present invention is of course also useful for an optical device having the light emitting region in the visible light region.
- the present invention can be similarly applied to a semiconductor light receiving element from the principle of operation.
- the present invention does not particularly limit the detailed crystal growth conditions, the composition, the lamination structure, and the like of the semiconductor crystals of these semiconductor elements.
- the present invention is also very suitable for an optical device having a short wavelength in which an emission wavelength exists in an ultraviolet region.
- Applications of these short-wavelength optical devices include photochemistry using photo-excited catalysts, illumination used to excite phosphors, and bio-related fields represented by moth lamps. It can be used as a light.
- the present invention encompasses all the contents of Patent Application No. 112796, 2004 and Patent Application No. 202240, which are the basis of the priority claim.
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/566,211 US20060273324A1 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-26 | Light-emitting diode and process for producing the same |
| DE112004001401T DE112004001401T5 (de) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-26 | Lichtemissionsdiode und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-202240 | 2003-07-28 | ||
| JP2003202240A JP2005044954A (ja) | 2003-07-28 | 2003-07-28 | 半導体基板への電極形成方法 |
| JP2004112796A JP2005302804A (ja) | 2004-04-07 | 2004-04-07 | 発光ダイオード及びその製造方法 |
| JP2004-112796 | 2004-04-07 |
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|---|---|
| WO2005011007A1 true WO2005011007A1 (ja) | 2005-02-03 |
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| PCT/JP2004/010635 Ceased WO2005011007A1 (ja) | 2003-07-28 | 2004-07-26 | 発光ダイオード及びその製造方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060273324A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112004001401T5 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI247437B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005011007A1 (ja) |
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| JP2007258321A (ja) * | 2006-03-22 | 2007-10-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 発光素子の製造方法 |
| JP2009231833A (ja) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-10-08 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 窒化物半導体ウエハ− |
| US7705363B2 (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2010-04-27 | Lg Electronics, Inc. | Light emitting device having a light extraction structure |
| US7872331B2 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2011-01-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Nitride semiconductor wafer |
| EP1717870A3 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2011-05-04 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Light-emitting device, method for making the same, and nitride semiconductor substrate |
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| US6633120B2 (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2003-10-14 | Unisplay S.A. | LED lamps |
| JP5138873B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-19 | 2013-02-06 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 窒化物半導体素子 |
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| US8101523B2 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2012-01-24 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method of processing of nitride semiconductor wafer, nitride semiconductor wafer, method of producing nitride semiconductor device and nitride semiconductor device |
| US8183669B2 (en) | 2008-02-27 | 2012-05-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Nitride semiconductor wafer having a chamfered edge |
| CN105116615A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-02 | 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 | 一种背光模组及液晶显示器 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW200524180A (en) | 2005-07-16 |
| DE112004001401T5 (de) | 2006-06-14 |
| TWI247437B (en) | 2006-01-11 |
| US20060273324A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
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