WO2005007139A2 - Multipartikuläre arzneiform, enthaltend mucoadhaesiv formulierte peptid- oder protein-wirkstoffe, sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung der arzneiform - Google Patents
Multipartikuläre arzneiform, enthaltend mucoadhaesiv formulierte peptid- oder protein-wirkstoffe, sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung der arzneiform Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005007139A2 WO2005007139A2 PCT/EP2004/007882 EP2004007882W WO2005007139A2 WO 2005007139 A2 WO2005007139 A2 WO 2005007139A2 EP 2004007882 W EP2004007882 W EP 2004007882W WO 2005007139 A2 WO2005007139 A2 WO 2005007139A2
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- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
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- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
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- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
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- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
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- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
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- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/167—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
- A61K9/1676—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface having a drug-free core with discrete complete coating layer containing drug
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- A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
- A61K9/5078—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings with drug-free core
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a multiparticulate dosage form containing mucoadhesively formulated peptide and / or protein active substances, and to a method for producing the dosage form.
- WO 02/03955 describes bioadhesive, microsphaerically formulated drug forms for sublingual drug administration.
- the microspheres have a mean diameter of less than 50 microns and contain the active ingredient, the z. B. may be a peptide in non-crystalline form in a micromatrix embedded in a bioadhesive polymer.
- the bioadhesive polymer may be, inter alia, a cellulose, a chitosan or an acrylic copolymer.
- WO 02/64148 describes formulations containing a mucopolysaccharide and a process for their preparation.
- a mucopolysaccharide z.
- RPQT ⁇ Tim iM. ⁇ npip and then provided with a enterosoluble coating so that the active ingredient can be released in the middle or lower sections of the small intestine.
- enterosoluble coatings z.
- the formulations may include capsules, tablets and granules.
- WO 02/43767 describes oral pharmaceutical compositions for physiologically active peptide drugs containing the active ingredient coupled to a cell membrane carrier, a pH lowering agent and / or a protease inhibitor and an acid stable transport vehicle containing the pharmaceutical composition on the way through the patient's stomach and prevents contact with the proteases present in the stomach.
- the transport vehicle may be capsules coated with acid-resistant EUDRAGIT® L30 D-55 coatings.
- WO 03/007913 describes oral multiparticulate dosage forms which contain the active substance in the form of a multiplicity of so-called "patches.”
- a "patch” is a discus-like object made of biocompatible material with a diameter of 500 ⁇ m to 5 mm and a height of 100 to 1000 ⁇ m ,
- the patch consists of two layers or sides, one for water or body fluids only slightly permeable side, z. B. from ethyl cellulose, and a second side containing the active ingredient, for.
- a peptide or protein containing in mixture with mucoadhaesiven polymers eg. As chitosan, CMC, polyacrylic acid or pectin may be present.
- the patches can be compressed into a tablet or even filled into a capsule, which is additionally equipped with a intestinal juice-soluble coating.
- the active substance preparations can also be combined in addition with so-called enhancers, such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, esters, surface-active substances and protease inhibitors.
- enhancers such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, esters, surface-active substances and protease inhibitors.
- the capsule dissolves and releases the "patches.”
- the liberated "patches” can adhere to the intestinal mucosa with their mucoadhesive side, where they delay the active ingredient and release it to the intestinal mucosa.
- the second, only slightly permeable side of the "patches” should provide the drug with some protection against chemical or enzymatic inactivation from the side of the intestinal lumen and also prevent the drug from escaping to this side.
- WO 03/007913 offers a considerable and recognizable solution for the provision of oral dosage forms, in particular for active ingredients based on peptides or proteins, which are released in the intestinal lumen and are to take effect there.
- One disadvantage of this solution is, inter alia, the complicated structure and the production of the two-layered "patch" structures, but the provision of the pharmaceutical form as a capsule with a gastrointestinal intestinal juice-soluble coating appears unfavorable
- the passage time of the capsule through the stomach can vary greatly In any case, delayed onset of action is expected and the capsule may dissolve rapidly or slowly after partial dissolution of the capsule, both principles, coating and capsule, are superimposed here unfavorably, so that is to be expected with a total uncontrolled release of the "patches”.
- the capsule may remain intact or even largely mechanically destroyed in a state where it is at least partially accessible to intestinal juices become.
- a sudden release of large amounts of "patches” or, on the other hand, an undesired delayed release, depending on the decay or mechanical stress of the initially coated capsule formation, would be desirable.
- the dosage form should provide a high dosing safety and distribute well after rapid gastric passage in the intestinal lumen.
- the protein or peptide active substance contained should be largely protected against physicans, chemical or proteolytic inactivation and be released at the defined site of action so that a high proportion of the active substance can be absorbed by the body.
- the release site should be variable and reliably adjustable depending on the therapeutic target.
- the invention relates to an oral multiparticulate dosage form, in particular in the form of a tablet, minitablet, capsules of filled pellets, sachets or dry juices containing pellets with an average size or average diameter in the range from 50 to 2500, preferably from 100 to 1000 ⁇ m, which are composed of a) an inner matrix layer containing an active ingredient which is a peptide or a protein including its derivatives or conjugates and embedded in a matrix of a mucoadhesive polymer.
- the matrix may contain, as an option or as a rule, further pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries, b) an outer film-coated coating consisting essentially of an anionic polymer or copolymer which may optionally be formulated with pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries, in particular plasticizers,
- the multiparticulate dosage form is formulated so that the contained pellets are released in the pH range of the stomach.
- the outer coating is adjusted by the choice of anionic polymer or copolymer or its formulation with auxiliaries and its layer thickness, that in the pH ranges from 4.0 to 8.0, preferably from 5.5 to 7.8 , more preferably 5.8 to 7.5 in the intestine within 15 to 60, preferably from 20 to 40 min dissolves, so that the drug-containing, mucoadhaesive matrix layer is released, bind to the intestinal mucosa and release the drug there.
- the inner matrix layer is the inner matrix layer
- the inner matrix layer acts as an active agent. Furthermore, the inner matrix layer has the function to bind the active ingredient by means of the mucoadhesive polymer contained in the intestinal mucosa, so that it can get from there into the organism. The inner matrix layer also has the function of protecting the active ingredient against physical, chemical or enzymatic inactivation.
- the matrix layer contains an active ingredient which may be a protein or peptide including derivatives thereof or conjugates having an average molecular weight M w of 300 to 1,000,000 (daltons).
- Derivatives are chemical or biochemical modifications of the primary or Secondary structure to understand. Examples are naturally sourced or fully synthetic proteins or peptides that have non-natural amino acid residues.
- Conjugates are covalent linkages of proteins or peptides with non-peptidic compounds, e.g. B. with ethylene glycol coupled proteins or peptides.
- the peptide and protein drugs can be used as free acids or bases.
- As counter ions for example physiologically bases or acids, compatible alkaline earth or alkali metals or amines and, for example, acetate, adipate, ascorbate, alginate, benzoate, benzoylsulfonate, bromide, carbonate, carboxymethylcellulose (free acid), citrate, chloride, dubutyl phosphate, dihydrogen citrate, dioctyl phosphate, Dihexadecyl phosphate, fumarate, gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, bicarbonate, hydrogentartrate, hydrochloride, hydrogen citrate, iodide, lactate, alpha-liponate, malate, maleate malonate, pamoate, palmitate, phosphate, salicylate, stearate, succinate, sulphate, tartrate, tannates, Oleat
- physiologically bases or acids compatible alkaline earth or al
- the proportion of active ingredient in the mattric powder is at most 40, in particular 0.001 to 15 or 0.05 to 5,% by weight of the content of the polymer having a mucoadhesive effect.
- the matrix layer may additionally be a C ⁇ to C 2 o, preferably CQ, CI O - or -C 2 - to C 20 - carboxylic or fatty acid and / or o- a C ⁇ - to C 2, C ⁇ -, C ⁇ preferably 0 -or- CIO to C 2 o-alcohol including their salts, ether, ester or amide derivatives and / or a lipid and / or a phospholipid and / or a lipid-soluble vitamin and / or a protease inhibitor and / or a penetration enhancer and / or an efflux pump inhibitor, e.g. Ketoconazole or polyethylene 660-12 hydroxy stearate (Solutol® HS15).
- the active substance may be a protein or a peptide having an average molecular weight M w of less than 3,000 Da.
- peptides are in particular Abarelix, angiotensin II, anidulafungin, antide, argipressin, azalin and azalin B, bombesin antagonist, bradykinin, buserelin, cetrorelix, Ciclosporin A, Desmopressin, Detirelix, Enkephaline (Leu, Met) Ganirelix, Gonadorelin, Goserelin, Growth Hormone Secretagogue, Micafungin, Nafarelin, Leuprolide, Leuprorelin, Octreotide, Orntide, Oxytocin, Ramorelix, Secretin, Somatotropin, Terlipressin, Tetracosactide, Teverelix , Triptorelin, thyroliberin, thyrotropin, vasopressin.
- the matrix layer additionally contains a C ⁇ - to C 2 o-, preferably C ⁇ -, Cio or C 2 - to C 20 -, optionally to C 30 Carbon- Fatty acid and / or a C 6 - to C 20 -, preferably C 8 -, C 10 - or C 2 - to C 2 o-, optionally to C 30 alcohol including their salts, ether, ester or amide derivatives and / or a Lipid and / or a phospholipid and / or a lipidlösiicnes vitamin and / or an efflux pump inhibitor e ⁇ tnäit.
- the addition has the advantage that thereby the solubility, stability and absorption of the active ingredient can be improved.
- esters of fatty acids such as glycerol trimyristate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol tristearate, glycerol tri-palmitate, glyceryl-bidentate and fatty acid amides, aliphatic long-chain carboxylic acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, fatty alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, as well as waxes such as canola wax, beeswax and phospholipids such as egg lecithin , Soy lecithin, and vitamins like vitamin E.
- esters of fatty acids such as glycerol trimyristate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol tristearate, glycerol tri-palmitate, glyceryl-bidentate and fatty acid amides
- aliphatic long-chain carboxylic acids such as palmitic acid
- the active ingredient may be a protein or peptide having an average molecular weight M w of from 3,000 to 10,000 Da.
- proteins or peptides are, in particular, calcitonin, corticotropin, endorphins, epithelial growth factor, glucagon, insulin, novoline, parathyroid hormone, relaxin, pro-somatostatin, salmon secretin.
- the matrix layer preferably contains a C ⁇ to C 20 -, preferably C ⁇ -, Cm- or -C 2 - to C 2 o-, optionally to C 3 o carboxylic or fatty acid and / or a C ⁇ - to C 2 o-, preferably C ⁇ -, Cio or C 2 - to C 20, optionally to C 30 alcohol including their salts, ether, ester or amide Derivatives and / or a lipid and / or a phospholipid and / or a lipid-soluble vitamin and / or a protease inhibitor.
- Protein or peptide drugs having an average molecular weight M w of 3,000 to 10,000 are often particularly sensitive to enzymatic ADDau by proteases, so that in addition to the stabilization of the active ingredient per se, the addition of protease inhibitors is of particular advantage.
- protease inhibitors are, for example, antipain, aprotinin, bacitracin, benzamidine, bestatin, captopril, chymostatin, chicken ovoinhibitor, EDTA-Na 2 , chitosan-EDTA conjugates, Na-glycocholates, leupeptin, pepstatin, soybean trypsin inhibitors, Thiorphan, Tos-Lys - Chloromethyl ketone, Potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor.
- the active ingredient may be a protein or peptide having an average molecular weight M w greater than 10,000.
- proteins or peptides are in particular interferons (alpha, beta, gamma), interleukins (IL1, IL2), somatotropin, eggytropoietin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha, beta), relaxin, endorphin, Dornase alpha, folic stimulating hormone (FSH), Human chorion gonadotropin (HCG), Human Growth Hormone Release Factor (hGRF), Luteinizing Hormone (LH) or Epidermal Growth Factor.
- the matrix layer preferably contains an additional C ⁇ - to C 2 o, preferably C ⁇ -, C-io-or C ⁇ 2 - to C 20 -, optionally to C 3 o carboxylic or fatty acid and / or a C 6 - to C 2 o-, preferably C ⁇ -, Cio- or -C 2 - to C 2 o-, optionally to C 3 o-alcohol including their salts, ether, ester or amide derivatives and / or a lipid and / or a phospholipid and / or a lipid-soluble vitamin and / or a protease inhibitor and / or a penetration promoter.
- a penetration promoter is advantageous since the uptake of the active substance with a comparatively high average molecular weight M w of more than 10,000 is thereby favored.
- Suitable penetration enhancers are, in particular, plasticizers such as, for example, triethyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, diethyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate, polymers such as carbomer, chitosan, chitosan cysteine, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, N-trimethylated chitosan, polycarbophilic cysteines, long-chain fatty acids, their esters (for example mono- and diglycerides) and their salts such as lauric acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, oleic acid, acylcamitines, chelating agents such as EDTA, salicylates, cyclodextrins, polyacrylic acids, bile acids such as cholic acid, cholyltaurine, cholylsarcosine, chenodeoxycholic acid and their salts, such as sodium cholate, sodium glycocholate,
- the matrix layer additionally preferably contains an efflux pump inhibitor such as, in particular, ketoconazole or polyethylene 660-12-hydroxy stearate (Solutol HS15).
- the matrix layer furthermore contains polymers having a mucoadhesive effect.
- Suitable polymers having a mucoadhesive effect are in particular a chitosan (chitosan and derivatives, chitosans), (meth) acrylate copolymers consisting of 20-45% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 55 to 80% by weight.
- % Methacrylic acid celluloses, in particular methylcelluloses, such as Na carboxymethylcellulose (eg Blanose® or Methocel®).
- the mucoadhesive polymer is chosen to have a water uptake of in the range of +/- 0.5, preferably +/- 0.3, pH units, based on the pH at which the outer coating begins to dissolve 10 to 750, preferably 10 to 250, more preferably 10 to 160% in 15 minutes.
- Hassan and Gallo (1990) A suitable measurement method for characterizing mucoadhesive properties is contained in Hassan and Gallo (1990) (see Hassan EE and Gallo dM "A Simple Rheological Method” in Vitro Assessment of Mucin- Polymer Bioadhesive Bond Strength "Pharma Res., 7 (5), 491 (1999). 1990).) The method is based on the assumption that the viscosity ( ⁇ , dynamic viscosity or viscosity coefficient) of a mixture of polymers with mucin is different, from the sum of the viscosities of the individual components. The context applies
- HMischung Polymer with Mu n ⁇ Mudn + ⁇ poiymer + Hb, where ⁇ b is the difference.
- the higher ⁇ b the higher the mucoadhesive properties.
- the individual components are first measured with a rotation viscometer for their viscosity. A 0.5% (w / w) aqueous solution of the mucoadhesive polymer and a 15% solution of porcine mucin are used. To determine the mucoadhesive properties ⁇ b , mucin and polymer are measured alone and in their mixture in the concentrations indicated.
- the mucoadhesive polymer is thus believed to have a mucoadhesive effect in a range of +/- 0.5, preferably +/- 0.3, pH units relative to the pH at which the outer coating begins to dissolve measured as viscosity r) b of 150 to 1000, preferably 150 to 600, mPa s.
- the hydration of polymers is based on the affinity of the polymer to absorb water. Polymers swell due to this water absorption. This is due to an imbalance between the chemical potential of the water in the polymer and the water in the surrounding medium. The water is taken up due to the osmotic pressure of the polymer until an equilibrium between the inner and outer phase has been established. The polymer is then 100% hydrated. For polymers with a low average molecular weight, a solution is then present. For polymers of higher molecular weight or crosslinked polymers, a gel is formed. The water uptake to equilibrium can, for. B. until the 10th times its own weight corresponding to 1000% of the polymer weight.
- the measurement of the percentage water absorption is familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- a suitable method is z. B. in the textbook of pharmaceutical technology / Rudolf Voigt, Basel: Verlag Chemie, 5th completely revised edition, 1984, pp. 151, 7.7.6 described under "Absorbency.”
- the method uses the so-called Enslin apparatus, in which a The dropper is mounted horizontally so that it is level with the glass frit, and a water absorption of 100% in the present case is taken as a water uptake of 1 ml of water per 1 g of polymer mucoadhesive effect defined in 15 min.
- the mucoadhesive effect is pH-dependent in many mucoadhesive polymers.
- the pH in the matrix can be specifically controlled by the addition of an acid, a base or a buffer system.
- the inner matrix may contain, for example as a polymer with mucoadhesive effect, a chitosan which is used together with an acetate buffer system.
- a chitosan which is used together with an acetate buffer system.
- the Acetate / Na acetate buffer e.g. B. adjusted to pH 5.0 to 5.5, can be used as an additive in the matrix or applied to a core on which the matrix is applied.
- chitosan can also be used in combination with film-coated coatings, which at higher pH values, eg. PH 6.0 to 8.0, begin to dissolve.
- the low pH remains in the microenvironment of the matrix. It is thus possible to utilize the mucoadhesive properties of the polymer in a pH range in which it would otherwise not or not to the same extent have a mucoadhesive effect. This has the advantage that one can achieve some protection against proteases whose pH optimum lies in higher pH ranges.
- the same principle can also be applied in the opposite way, by increasing the pH of the matrix by adding a base and combining it with a film-coated coating which dissolves at lower pH values.
- the selection of suitable mucoadhesive polymers is based on their mucoadhesive properties and their water absorbency.
- n, b 150 to 1000 mPa s and a water absorption of 10 to 750% in 15 min in the respective pH range.
- Chitosan is z. B. suitable for use in an ambient pH range of pH 5.5 (duodenum) or at another ambient pH range (ileum or colon), provided the matrix pH range, z. B. by means of a buffer system, was adjusted to the range around pH 5.5.
- the (meth) acrylate copolymer listed in the table is better suited for a pH range of pH 7.2 than for a pH value around pH 5.5.
- Na alginate is suitable for the pH range around pH 5.5, but not for pH 7.2.
- Na carboxymethyl cellulose and cross-linked polyacrylic acid are useful over a wide pH range of 5.5 to 7.2.
- the outer coating of anionic polymers or copolymers serves as an enteric coating to protect the inner matrix layer from the gastric juices. Furthermore, the outer coating acts to protect the active ingredient from proteolytic enzymes until the time the coating reaches a section of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum or colon) where it begins to dissolve.
- the outer coating serves, in particular, for the so-called gastrointestinal targeting, ie the targeted release of the inner matrix layer at the intestinal sections which are determined by the pH value prevailing there, so that the inner matrix layer is not obstructed.
- Meth) acrylate copolymers of the outer coating as little or no interaction with the active ingredient or the mucoadhaesiven polymers of the inner matrix layer.
- Suitable anionic polymers or copolymers are cellulose glycolate (Duodcell®), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP, Cellulosi acetas, PhEur, cellulose acetate phthalates, NF, Aquaterio®), cellulose acetate succinate (CAS), cellulose acetate trimelate (CAT), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP, HP50, HP55), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS-LF, -MF, -HF), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP, Sureteric®), vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer (PVAc, Kollidon® VA64), vinyl acetate: crotonic acid copolymer 9: 1 (VAC: CRA, Kollicoat® VAC) and or shell varnish.
- the said polymers or copolymers can be formulated in quite satisfactory manner in many cases in such a way that a pH-specific dis
- the outer film-coated coating particularly preferably consists essentially of (meth) acrylate copolymers containing 5 to 60% by weight of monomers having anionic groups, which may optionally be formulated with pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries, in particular plasticizers.
- the abovementioned anionic (meth) acrylate copolymers in the context of the invention offer the possibility in many cases of setting an even more precise and reproducible pH-specific adjustment of the dissolution pH. The handling and application is generally considered less expensive.
- the (meth) acrylate copolymer for the outer coating preferably consists of 40 to 95, preferably 45 to 90, in particular 30 to wt .-% of free-radically polymerized C to C alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 5 bis 60, preferably 8 to 40, in particular 20 to 35 wt .-% (meth) acrylate monomers having an anionic group.
- the proportions mentioned add up to 100% by weight.
- small amounts ranging from 0 to 10, e.g. B. 1 to 5 wt .-% of further vinylic copolymerizable monomers, such as.
- hydroxyethyl methacrylate or hydroxyethyl acrylate may be included.
- C 1 to C 4 -alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid are, in particular, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate.
- a (meth) acrylate monomer having an anionic group may e.g. As acrylic acid, but preferably be methacrylic acid.
- anionic (meth) acrylate copolymers of 40 to 60, wt .-% methacrylic acid and 60 to 40 wt .-% methyl methacrylate or 60 to 40 wt .-% ethyl acrylate (types EUDRAGIT® L or EUDRAGIT® L100-55).
- EUDRAGIT® L is a copolymer of 50% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid.
- EUDRAGIT® L 30D is a dispersion containing 30% by weight EUDRAGIT® L. This (meth) acrylate copolymer is particularly suitable for dissolution in pH ranges around pH 6.0 to 6.5 (jejunum).
- EUDRAGIT® L100-55 is a copolymer of 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid.
- EUDRAGIT® L 30-55 is a dispersion containing 30% by weight EUDRAGIT® L 100-55. This (meth) acrylate copolymer is particularly suitable for dissolution in pH ranges around pH 5.5 to 6.0 (duodenum)
- anionic (meth) acrylate copolymers of from 20 to 40% by weight of methacrylic acid and from 80 to 60% by weight of methyl methacrylate (type EUDRAGIT® S).
- This (meth) acrylate copolymer is particularly suitable for dissolution in pH ranges around pH 6.5 to 7.0 (jejunum or ileum)
- Particularly suitable are (meth) acrylate copolymers consisting of 10 to 30 wt .-%, methyl methacrylate, 50 to 70 wt .-% of methyl acrylate and 5 to 15 wt .-% methacrylic acid.
- EUDRAGIT® FS is a copolymer of 25% by weight, methyl methacrylate, 65% by weight of methyl acrylate and 10% by weight of methacrylic acid.
- EUDRAGIT® FS 30 D is a dispersion containing 30% by weight EUDRAGIT® FS. This (meth) acrylate copolymer is particularly suitable for dissolution in pH ranges around pH 7.0 to 7.8 (ileum or colon)
- this (meth) acrylate copolymer is particularly suitable for pressing pellets into tablets.
- the glass transition temperature of the copolymer (ISO 11357-2, point 3.3.3 (midpoint temperature 7 mg )) is 55 to 70 ° C.
- Copolymers of this type are particularly suitable for pressing pellets into tablets because of their good mechanical properties.
- the above-mentioned copolymer is composed, in particular, of free-radically polymerized units of
- From 20 to 33 preferably from 25 to 32, particularly preferably from 28 to 31,% by weight of methacrylic acid or acrylic acid, preference is given to methacrylic acid,
- the monomer composition is selected such that the glass transition temperature of the copolymer is 55 to 70 ° C, preferably 59 to 66, particularly preferably 60 to 65 ° C.
- the monomer composition is selected such that the glass transition temperature of the copolymer is 55 to 70 ° C, preferably 59 to 66, particularly preferably 60 to 65 ° C.
- glass temperature is meant in particular the midpoint temperature T mg according to ISO 11357-2, point 3.3.3.
- the measurement is carried out without addition of plasticizer, with residual monomer contents (REMO) of less than 100 ppm, at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min and under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- REMO residual monomer contents
- the copolymer is preferably substantially to exclusively, at 90, 95 or 99 to 100 wt .-%, of the monomers methacrylic acid, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl methacrylate in the quantitative ranges given above.
- small amounts ranging from 0 to 10, z. B. 1 to 5 wt .-% of further vinylic copolymerizable monomers such as.
- copolymers are obtained in a manner known per se by free-radical bulk, solution, bead or emulsion polymerization. They must be brought into the particle size range according to the invention before processing by suitable grinding, drying or spraying processes. This can be done by simply breaking extruded and cooled granule strands or hot stamping.
- powders when mixed with other powders or liquids, the use of powders may be advantageous.
- Suitable equipment for the preparation of the powder are familiar to the expert, for. B. air jet mills, pin mills, Fan-mills. If necessary, appropriate screening steps can be included.
- a suitable mill for large industrial quantities, for example, is an opposed jet mill (Multi No. 4200), which is operated at about 6 bar overpressure.
- the abovementioned (meth) acrylate copolymers are obtainable by free-radical polymerization of the monomers (see, for example, EP 0 704 207 A2 and EP 0 704 208 A2).
- the copolymers can be prepared in a manner known per se by free-radical emulsion polymerization in the aqueous phase in the presence of preferably anionic emulsifiers, for example by the process described in DE-C 2,135,073.
- the said (meth) acrylate copolymers may be in the form of an organic solution, for. B. in a concentration of 10 to 30 wt .-%, are provided.
- a solvent for. As acetone, isopropanol or ethanol or mixture thereof may be used, which may optionally contain water contents up to about 10 wt .-%. However, preference is given to aqueous dispersions.
- the abovementioned (meth) acrylate copolymers can be produced and used as emulsion polymers, preferably in the form of a 10 to 50% strength by weight, in particular 20 to 40% strength, aqueous dispersion. As a commercial form, a solids content of 30 wt .-% is preferred.
- For processing is a partial neutralization of the methacrylic acid units dispensable; However, it is possible, for example, to an extent of up to 5 or 10 mol%, if stabilization or thickening of the coating agent dispersion should be desired.
- the weight average of the latex particle size is generally 40 to 100 nm, preferably 50 to 70 nm, which ensures a processing-technically favorable viscosity below 1000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the anionic copolymer may, for. B. gradually in a final concentration of 1 to 40 wt .-% are stirred into water and thereby partially or completely neutralized by addition of a basic substance such. As NaOH, KOH, ammonium hydroxide or organic bases such as. B. triethanolamine. It is also possible to use a powder of the copolymer to which a base, for example NaOH, has already been added during its preparation for the purpose of partial neutralization, so that the powder is already (partially) neutralized polymer is usually over 4, eg in the range of 4 to about 7.
- the dispersion may, for. B. also be spray-dried or freeze-dried in a conventional manner and provided in the form of a redispersible powder (see, for example, EP-A 0 262 326).
- Alternative methods are freeze-drying or coagulation and squeezing off the water in an extruder with subsequent granulation (see, for example, EP-A 0 683 028).
- copolymer dispersions of spray-dried or freeze-dried and redispersed powders have increased shear stability. This is particularly advantageous when spraying.
- This advantage is particularly pronounced when the copolymer contained in the dispersion is present in partially neutralized form (based on the acid groups contained in the copolymer) in the amount of 2 to 10 mol%.
- the partial neutralization by means of addition of NaOH is preferred.
- An anionic emulsifier is preferably contained in an amount of from 0.1 to 2% by weight. Particular preference is given to sodium lauryl sulfate as emulsifier.
- the layer thickness of the outer coating is preferably in the range from 20 to 200, preferably from 50 to 120 microns.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a multiparticulate dosage form by
- Pelleting can be carried out on non-drug pellets (nonpareils) or core-free pellets can be produced.
- the inner matrix layer is produced with or without a core. This uncoated, rounded layer is referred to as a pre-pellet (pellet core).
- the liquid By means of a fluidized bed process, the liquid can be applied to placebopellets or other suitable carrier materials, the solvent or suspending agent being evaporated. After the manufacturing process, a drying step can follow.
- the peptide or protein active ingredient is incorporated and mixed with the mucoadhesive polymer in an organic solvent or in water.
- it is usually necessary to formulate a mixture with low viscosity.
- it may be beneficial to use the polymer with mucoadhesive effect in comparatively low concentrations, eg. B. from 1 to at most 10, preferably 2 to 5 wt .-% use.
- a detergent for. B. Tween in concentrations of 0.1 to 20, preferably 0.5 to 10 wt .-% be advantageous for lowering the surface tension.
- binders such as cellulose and their derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), humectants, disintegrants, lubricants, disintegrants, (meth) acrylates, starch and its derivatives, sugar solubilizers or others.
- the inner mat may also be produced using an inert core (nonpareil).
- the ingredients of the inner matrix can by processes such as red agglomeration, precipitation or spraying, in particular ultrasonic vortex spraying, not yet coated pellets (pre-pellets) of defined size, z. B. 50 to 1000 microns, are rounded. This has the advantage that the entire core volume is available for drug loading. The drug loading can be increased again compared to the embodiment with inert core.
- the pellets may additionally be provided with pigmented coatings, which, however, must not influence the dissolving pH. Suitable z. B. Coatings of pigmented hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or other water-soluble or rapidly decomposing polymers in water.
- formulations according to the invention can be supplemented with customary auxiliaries or additives during production.
- customary auxiliaries or additives during production.
- all substances used must be toxicologically safe and in particular be used in medicaments without risk to patients.
- Amounts used and the usual additives in drug coatings or coatings are familiar to the expert. Usual additives can z.
- plasticizers release agents, pigments, stabilizers, antioxidants, pore formers, penetrants, brighteners, flavors, detergents, lubricants or flavoring. They serve as processing aids and are intended to ensure a safe and reproducible production process as well as good long-term storage stability or achieve additional beneficial properties in the pharmaceutical form. They are added to the polymer formulations prior to processing and can affect the permeability of the coatings, which may optionally be used as an additional control parameter.
- release agent • release agent:
- Release agents usually have lipophilic properties and are usually added to the spray suspensions. They prevent agglomeration of the cores during the filming. Preference is given to using talc, Mg or Ca stearate, ground silicic acid, kaolin or nonionic emulsifiers having an HLB value between 3 and 8. Usual amounts of release agent in the coating and bonding agents according to the invention are between 0.5 to 100 wt .-% based on the copolymer.
- Pigments which are incompatible with the coating agent are in particular those pigments which, when added directly to the (meth) acrylate copolymer dispersion, e.g. B. by stirring, in the usual application of z. B. 20 to 400 wt .-% based on the dry weight of the (meth) acrylate copolymer for destabilizing the dispersion, coagulation, lead to segregation phenomena or similar undesirable effects.
- the pigments to be used are of course non-toxic and suitable for pharmaceutical purposes. See z. Also: German Research Foundation, Dyestuffs for Food, Harald Boldt Verlag KG, Boppard (1978); German Food Review 74, No. 4, p. 156 (1978); Pharmaceutical Dye Regulation AmFarbV of 25.08.1980.
- incompatible pigments can, for. B. alumina pigments.
- Incompatible pigments are z. B. yellow-orange, cochineal red, color pigments based on alumina or azo dyes, sulfonic acid dyes, yellow-orange S (E110, Cl 15985, FD & C Yellow 6), .ndigocarmine (E132, CI 73015, FD & C Blue 2), tartrazine (E.
- the stated e-numbers of the pigments refer to an EU numbering. See also "Deutsche Klastician, Dyestuffs for Food, Harald Boldt Verlag KG, Boppard (1978); German Food Review 74, No. 4, p. 156 (1978); Pharmaceutical Dye Ordinance AmFarbV of 25.08.1980.
- the FD & C numbers refer to approval in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics by U.S. Pat. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) described in: U.S. Pat. Code of Federal Regulations - Title 21 Color Additive Regulations Part 82, Listing of Certified Provisionally Listed Colors and Specifications (CFR 21 Part 82), Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
- additives may also be plasticizers. Usual amounts are between 0 and 50, preferably 2 to 20, in particular 5 to 10 wt .-%.
- plasticizers can influence the functionality of the polymer layer. Plasticizers achieve by physical interaction with the polymer, a lowering of the glass transition temperature and promote, depending on the amount added to the film. Suitable substances usually have a Molecular weight between 100 and 20,000 and contain one or more hydrophilic groups in the molecule, eg. B. hydroxyl, ester or amino groups.
- plasticizers examples include citric acid alkyl esters, glycerol esters, alkyl phthalates, sebacic acid alkyl esters, sucrose esters, sorbitan esters, diethyl sebacate, dibutyl sebacate and polyethylene glycols 200 to 12,000.
- Preferred plasticizers are triethyl citrate (TEC) and acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC).
- TEC triethyl citrate
- AAC acetyl triethyl citrate
- Citric acid and sebacic acid esters are preferably used.
- plasticizer to the formulation can be carried out in a known manner, directly, in aqueous solution or after thermal pretreatment of the mixture. Also, mixtures of plasticizers can be used
- the active ingredient-containing, coated pellets can be processed by means of pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries and in a conventional manner to multiparticulate dosage forms, in particular pellet-containing tablets, minitablets, capsules, sachets or dry juices, which are formulated so that the pellets contained in the pH range of the stomach be released.
- multiparticulate dosage form ensures a high dosing safety offers the advantage of a good distribution of the pellets in the intestinal lumen.
- the multiparticulate dosage form according to the invention can also contain different pellet types with different active ingredients and / or different pellet structure. Compressed tablets
- Film coatings on active ingredient-containing pellets are usually applied in fluidized bed apparatus. Formulation examples are mentioned in this application. Film formers are usually mixed with plasticizers and release agents by a suitable method. Here, the film formers may be present as a solution or suspension. The auxiliaries for film formation may also be dissolved or suspended. Organic or aqueous solvents or dispersants may be used. Stabilizers may additionally be used to stabilize the dispersion (example: Tween 80 or other suitable emulsifiers or stabilizers).
- release agents are glycerol monostearate or other suitable fatty acid derivatives, silicic acid derivatives or talc.
- plasticizers are propylene glycol, phthalates, polyethylene glycols, sebacates or citrates, as well as other substances mentioned in the literature.
- a separating layer may be applied between active ingredient-containing and enteric copolymer layer, which serves for the separation of active substance and coating material for the purpose of preventing interactions.
- This layer can be made from inert film formers (eg HPMC, HPC or (meth) acrylic acid copolymers) or eg talc or another suitable one consist of pharmaceutical substances. Likewise, combinations of film formers and talcum or similar substances can be used. It is also possible to apply a separating layer of partially or fully neutralized (meth) acrylate copolymer dispersions.
- the release layer can also consist of the same or a different mucoadhesive polymer as in the underlying matrix layer. In this way, any interactions or incompatibilities of the active ingredient or of the mucoadhesive polymer with the film-forming (meth) acrylate copolymer layer can be counteracted.
- Mixtures for the production of coated particle TaDlets are prepared by mixing the pellets with suitable binders for tableting, if necessary adding disintegrating substances and, if necessary, adding lubricants. The mixing can take place in suitable machines. Unsuitable are mixers that cause damage to the coated particles, eg. B. plowshare mixer. To achieve suitable short disintegration times, a special order of addition of the excipients to the coated particles may be required. By premixing with the coated particles with the lubricant or mold release agent magnesium stearate whose surface can be hydrophobized and thus sticking can be avoided.
- suitable mixtures usually contain 3 to 15% by weight of a disintegrating agent, for. B. Kollidon CL and z. B. 0.1 to 1 wt .-% of a lubricant and mold release agent such as magnesium stearate.
- the binder content is determined by the required proportion of coated particles.
- Typical binders are z.
- Cellactose ® microcrystalline cellulose, calcium phosphates, Ludipress ® , lactose or other suitable sugars, calcium sulfates or starch derivatives. Preference is given to substances having a low bulk density.
- disintegrants are crosslinked starch or cellulose derivatives, as well as crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone. Likewise, cellulose derivatives are suitable. By selecting a suitable binder, the use of disintegrant can be omitted.
- Typical lubricants and mold release agents are magnesium stearates or other suitable salts of fatty acids or substances listed in the literature for this purpose (e.g., lauric acid, calcium stearate, talc, etc.).
- suitable machinery e.g., tablet press with external lubrication
- suitable formulations the use of a lubricant and mold release agent in the blend may be eliminated.
- the mixture may optionally be accompanied by a flow improver (eg highly disperse silicic acid derivatives, talc, etc.).
- a flow improver eg highly disperse silicic acid derivatives, talc, etc.
- the tableting can be carried out on conventional tablet presses, eccentric or rotary tablet presses, with pressing forces in the range of 5 to 40 kN, preferably 10 - 20 kN.
- the tablet presses can be equipped with systems for external lubrication. If necessary, special systems for filling the matrix are used, which avoid the filling of matrices by means of agitator blades. Further multipartic dosage forms
- the active ingredient-containing coated pellets can also be processed to any other, orally administrable multiparticulate dosage forms.
- the coated pellets may, for. B. in capsules, z. As gelatin capsule, are filled or formulated into sachets or dry juices.
- the dosage form according to the invention is suitable for the targeted and effective release of protein or peptide active ingredients.
- the dosage form has a high dosing safety and spreads well in the intestinal lumen.
- the contained protein or peptide active ingredient is largely protected against physical or proteolytic inactivation and can be released at the defined site of action so that a high proportion of the active ingredient can be absorbed by the body.
- the dosage form therefore comes with less active ingredient, since only a small amount of active ingredient is lost.
- the risk of side effects is reduced overall by the targeted delivery.
- the site of action can be set variably depending on the therapeutic goal. The timing of the drug intake can thus be better controlled.
- a particular aspect of the invention results when the active substance is embedded in a lipophilic matrix which has a melting point above 37 ° C., preferably above 45 ° C., particularly preferably above 55 ° C., and active substance-containing lipophilic matrix into the matrix embedded in the polymer having a mucoadhesive effect.
- the formulation in the lipophilic matrix aims to improve the solubility or the bioavailability of the active ingredient, preferably of sparingly or sparingly soluble active ingredients (in the sense of DAB 10, 2003).
- a lipophilic matrix is understood as meaning a substance or a mixture of substances in which or in which the active substance can be dissolved, suspended or emulsified.
- the substance or substances of the lipophilic matrix are different from the usual pharmaceutical excipients and the mucoadhesive polymer.
- the substance or substances of the lipophilic matrix preferably have a hydrophobic or amphiphilic character.
- the lipophilic matrix can be prepared from a single substance, e.g. As a lipid, or a mixture of substances, for. B a mixture of lipids exist.
- a lipid e.g. As a lipid, or a mixture of substances, for. B a mixture of lipids exist.
- the properties described below for water solubilities according to DAB 10 partition coefficients and / or HLB values in each case are calculated from the arithmetic mean of the parts by weight and the values of the substances of the mixture.
- the substances used must not be toxic.
- the active substance and the substance or substances which form the lipophilic matrix preferably differ in their solubility in water according to DAB 10 and not more than +/- 50%, preferably no more than +/- 25% and / or differ in their distribution coefficient according to Annex V to Directive 67/548 / EEC, A.8 not more than +/- 60%, preferably not more than +/- 30% and / or in their HLB value, if the substances an HLB Value can be assigned, measured according to Marszall not more than +/- 80%, preferably not more than +/- 40%.
- solubility in water for the active substance and the substance or substances which form the lipophilic matrix can be found in DAB 10 (German Pharmacopoeia, 10th edition with 3rd supplement 1994, Deutscher maschinerverlag, Stuttgart and Govi Verlag, Frankfurt am Main. 2, Supplement (1993), IV General Regulations, pp. 5-6, "Solubility and Solvents"; see Ph. Eur. 4.07, 2004)
- the definition of solubility is given by the number of volumes of solvent for 1
- the term “sparingly soluble” includes substances which require from 30 to 100 parts by volume of solvent for 1 part by weight of substance or drug, the definition “sparingly soluble” includes substances which contain more than 100 to 1000 volumes of solvent for 1 part by weight of substance or drug required.
- partition coefficients for the active substance and the substance or substances forming the lipophilic matrix may be determined in accordance with Annex V to Directive 67/548 / EEC, A.8 "Partition coefficient".
- the HLB value is a measure of the hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of nonionic surfactants introduced by Griffin in 1950. It can be determined experimentally by the phenol titration method according to Marszall; see. "Perfumery & Cosmetics”. Vol. 60, 1979. pp. 444-448; further references in Römpp, Chemie-Lexikon, ⁇ .Aveml. 1983, p.1750. See also z. U.S. 4,795,643 (Seth)).
- An HLB value hydrophilic / lipophilic balance
- An HLB value can only be determined exactly with non-ionic substances. For anionic substances, this value can be calculated, but is practically always above or well above 14.
- HLB values for the active substance and the substance or substances that make up the lipophilic matrix can in most cases be determined after Marszall, taken from tables of pharmaceutical or chemical reference books or textbooks, or calculated from ionic substances.
- the dosage form in the lipophilic matrix preferably contains an active substance which has a solubility in water according to DAB 10 of at least 30, in particular more than 30 to 100 or more than 100 to 1000 parts by volume of water for one part by weight Active substance.
- the preferred active ingredient is therefore little or even sparingly soluble according to the definition of DAB 10.
- the active substance formulated in the lipophilic matrix can be selected from e.g. From the group of peptide antibiotics, immunosuppressants, LHRH antagonists, immunomodulators.
- the active substance formulated in the lipophilic matrix can e.g. Abarelix, angiotensin II, anidulafungin, antide, argipressin, azalin and azalin B, bombesin antagonist, bradykinin, buserelin, calcitonin, cetrorelix, ciciosporin, ciciosporin A, desmopressin, detirelix, erytropoietin, enkephaline (leu-, met-) ganirelix , Gonadorelin, Goserelin, Growtnnormone secretagogue, insulin, interferon (alpha, beta, gamma), interleukins (IL1, IL2).
- Abarelix angiotensin II, anidulafungin, antide, argipressin, azalin and azalin B
- bombesin antagonist e.g. Abarelix, angiotensin II, anidulafungin
- mice Micafungin, nafarelin, leuprolide, leuprorelin, octreotide, orntide, oxytocin, parathyroid hormone, ramorelix, secretin, somatotropin, terlipressin, tetracosactide, teverelix, triptorelin, thyroliberin, thyrotropin tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha, beta), or vasopressin.
- TNF alpha, beta vasopressin.
- the lipophilic matrix and the mucoadhesive polymer should preferably have either the same ionic properties, ie, both should coincide in either at least predominantly cationic or consistently anionic character.
- the polymer with mucoadhesive effect preferably present at least 50, more preferably 100% in neutralized form.
- the neutralization can be carried out by addition of acid or base in a known manner.
- the lipophilic matrix consists of 80 to 100, preferably 90 to 100, particularly preferably 100 wt .-% of a substance or mixture of substances having an (average) HLB value of 0 to 15, preferably 2 to 10 consists ,
- the lipophilic matrix may contain 0 to 20, preferably 0 to 10 wt .-% of pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries, in particular stabilizers, thickeners or adsorbents. Particularly preferred are no pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries.
- the substance or substances that form the lipophilic matrix may, for. B. to the group of oils.
- Fats Mono-, di- or triglycerides e. Fatty acids, fatty alcohols, in particular C ⁇ - to C 2 o-fatty acid and / or a C ⁇ - to C 20 - alcohol including their salts, ether, ester or amide derivatives, phospholipids, lecithins, emulsifiers, lipids, lipid-soluble vitamins or surfactants belong.
- the lipophilic matrix can, for. (Imwitor 308) glyceryl monocaprylates with a monoester content> 80%, (Imwitor 312) glyceryl monolaurates with a monoester content> 90%, (Imwitor 491) glycerol monosterates (Ci6 + Ci ⁇ ) with a monoester content> 90%, ( Imwitor 900 P) glycerol monosterate with a monoester content of 40-55% and a Ci ⁇ content of 40-60%, (Imwitor 900 K) glycerol monosterate, with a monoester content of 40-55% and a Ci ⁇ content of 60-80%, (Imwitor 742) Medium-chain C ⁇ and Cio glycerides with a monoester content of 45-55%, (Imwitor 928) partial glycerides of saturated vegetable ci d ⁇ Fatty acids with a majority of C 2 , and having a monoester content of 34-36%,
- the lipophilic matrix can, for. B. contain one of the following lipid preparations:
- Fats such as mono-, di-, triglycerides of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and mixtures thereof.
- Fats such as mono-, di-, triglycerides of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and mixtures thereof.
- glycerol-stearic acid esters glycerol
- Palmitic acid ester glycerol myristic acid ester, glycerol palmitic acid
- Glycerol-oleic acid esters examples of these esters are Imwitor® - 308, - 312, - 491,
- Dynasan 114 Softisan, Witepsol, Dynacet 212, coconut fat.
- Oils such as castor oil, sesame oil, sunflower oil,
- Neutral oils such as isopropyl myristate, palmitate, stearate, medium chain triglycerides
- Short-chain aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid esters such as
- Acetyltributyl citrate, glycerol triacetate is Acetyltributyl citrate, glycerol triacetate.
- Waxes such as canola wax, beeswax, wool wax
- Fatty acid amides such as stearic acid amide, palmitic acid amide,
- Aliphatic long chain carboxylic acids such as stearic acid
- Linolenic acid As well as, for example, their Na, Al and Mg salts.
- Fatty alcohols such as stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, cetyl alcohol,
- W / O emulsifiers such as cholesterol, glycerol monostearate,
- Sorbitan tristearate (Span® 65), sorbitan sesquioleate (Arlacel® 83), Ca, Al, Mg
- Nonionic O W emulsifiers such as macrogol stearate 400
- Polyoxyethylene monostearate (Myrj 49, Poiyso ⁇ oat 50 fween® 80), polysorbate
- Poloxamer 188 (Lutrol® F 68), polyoxyethlylene ricinoleate (Cremophor® EL),
- Ionic O / W emulsifiers such as cetyl stearyl sulfate (Lanette® E),
- Na lauryl sulfate (Texapon® Z), Na glycocholate, hederagenin.
- Amphiphilic emulsifiers such as egg phosphatidylcholine (egg lecithin),
- Soya phosphatidylcholine (soya lecithin), betaine, sulfobetaines, ceramides
- Vitamins such as retinol (vitamin A), cholecalciferol (vitamin D), alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopherol acetate (vitamin E), phylloquinone
- auxiliaries are galactolipids such as monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol, trigalactosyldiacylglycerol, as well as aromatic oils such as aniseed oil, citronell oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil,
- Mint oil nutmeg oil, clove oil, peppermint oil, rosemary oil, sage oil and terpenes such as menthol, linalool, 1,4-cineole, pyrethrin, borneol, eudesmol, phytol, manool, azadirachtin, nimbin.
- the active ingredient is at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 50% soluble in the lipophilic matrix.
- the content of the active substance-containing lipid matrix on the inner matrix layer a) can be from 1 to 50, preferably from 10 to 20,% by weight.
- This lipophilic matrix can be incorporated directly into the mucoadhesive polymer or emulsified in water into the mucoadhesive polymer. In the latter case, the water phase, a weak acid, such as. Citric acid.
- a protease inhibitor such as, for example, soybean bean trysine inhibitor
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a multiparticulate dosage form comprising the steps of a) generating the active substance-containing lipophilic matrix by suspending and / or dissolving the active substance with the substance or substances which form the lipohilic matrix and optionally further pharmaceutically customary excipients by intensive mixing or Melting the ingredients; b) producing prepellets (pellet cores) by spraying the mucoadhesive polymer in admixture with the drug-containing lipophilic matrix onto a core or by rotagglomeration, precipitation or spraying without a core, c) producing pellets by spray coating a coating of the anionic polymer or copolymers, which may optionally contain admixtures of pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries, in particular plasticizers and release agents, from a dispersion or organic solution to the prepellets from step b), d) production of a multiparticulate pharmaceutical form, by filling or incorporating the pellets from step c) in a manner known
- a) generating the inner matrix layer by preparing an emulsion, dispersion or solution of the active substance with the substance or substances for the lipophilic matrix, and optionally further pharmaceutically customary excipients by intensive mixing of the ingredients in water and producing an oil in water preparation with an average particle size of not more than 60, preferably not more than 20 ⁇ m,
- step b) producing pre-pellets by spray application of the oil-in-water preparation from step a) to the mucoadhesive polymer, which may optionally contain admixtures of other pharmaceutically customary auxiliaries, wherein the ingredients in the form of a micronized powder, for. B. with an average particle size of 10 to 100 microns, be present, by Rotagglomeration, extrusion or granulation.
- Spray parameters spray nozzle 0.5 mm spray rate 1-1, 26 g / min spray pressure 0.8 bar Supply air pressure 1 bar Supply air temperature 45 ° C Product temperature 41, 5-43 ° C Final drying in Mini Smooth 10 min at 40 ° C Spray time: approx. 2 to 6 h Drying overnight at RT Layer thickness (SEM): 12-18 ⁇ m
- TEC triethyl citrate
- the dispersion is homogenized after cooling to 30 ° C with the Ultraturrax 10 min and then with stirring to Eudragit® FS30D dispersion given. After stirring for 30 minutes, 100 g of the desmopressin blanose-coated pellets from Example 2 are initially introduced into the MiniGlatt and coated with the Eudragit® FS30D dispersion.
- Spray parameters Spray nozzle 0,5 mm Spray rate 0,6 - 0,9 g / min Spray pressure 0,7 bar Supply pressure 0,7 bar Supply air temperature 30 ° C Product temperature 29 -30 ° C Final drying in Mini Giatt 10 min at 40 : C Drying over Night at RT spray time approx. 1 to 2.5 h layer thickness (SEM): 40-45 ⁇ m,
- Fluidized bed apparatus (Mini-Glatt, Fa. Glatt, Binzen) submitted and coated with the desmopressin - Blanose solution.
- Spray parameters Spray nozzle 0.5 mm Spray rate 1, 4 - 2.0 g / min Spray pressure 1 bar Supply pressure 1, 2 bar Supply air temperature 45 - 47 ° C Product temperature 41 - 42 ° C Spray time: approx. 2 to 6 h Final drying in the Mini Smooth Drying at 44 ° C. for 10 min overnight at RT layer thickness (REM): 10-12 ⁇ m, Example 4
- the dispersion is homogenized after cooling to 30 ° C with the Ultraturrax 10 min and then while stirring to the preparation 4154 D dispersion Gegeoen Nacn 3C mm stirring so that 100 g of Desmopressin - Blanose coated pellets from Example 3 are presented in MiniGlatt and coated with the dispersion.
- Spray parameters Spray nozzle 0.5 mm Spray rate 0.8-2.5 g / min Spray pressure 1, 5-1.8 bar Supply pressure 1, 1-1, 2 bar Supply air temperature 60-69 ° C Product temperature 59-62 ° C Final drying in Mini Smooth 10 min at 50 ° C C Spraying time 3-8h Overnight drying at RT Layer thickness (SEM): 12 ⁇ m
- TEC triethyl citrate
- the dispersion is homogenized after cooling to 30 ° C with the Ultraturrax 10 min and then with stirring to EUDRAGIT® L30D-55 Dispersion given. After stirring for 30 minutes, 100 g of the desmopressin-chitosan-coated pellets from Example 5 are initially introduced into the MiniGlatt and coated with the EUDRAGIT® L30D-55 dispersion.
- Table 7 Overview of sprayability (yes / no) of the polymer dispersions / or solutions at different concentrations.
- Example 8 Formulation examples for the targeted release of active substance in various sections of the intestine (see Table 8).
- Example 1 Execution of a formulation for a sparingly soluble protein
- 750 ml of distilled water are first heated at 45 ° C and 15 g of Na-caphnate added as an emulsifier (2%). This solution is then adjusted to a pH of about 7 with the addition of citric acid. Thereafter, 1.5 g of soybean trypsin inhibitor (serine peptidase inhibitor) and 1.5 g of bacitracin (aminopeptidase inhibitor) are added in this solution with stirring. The lipophilic phase is then emulsified with vigorous stirring to this solution. The emulsion process can be stopped if no lipophilic Droplets can be seen after microscopic examination greater than 50-60 microns. c) Production of muco-adhesive cores
- a GPCG1 with rotor insert 350 g of Na alginate powder, 145 microcrystalline cellulose and 5 g of citric acid are mixed.
- the emulsion described in b) is used as a binder in the rotoagglomeration process with a
- the rotor is at 1700-1800 rpm, the supply air to 42 m 3 / hour and the
- muco-adhesive nuclei can be between 250 and 280
- a therapeutic dosage of 240 ⁇ g is contained in 0.5 g pellet seeds. d) Preparation of coated pellets
- pellet cores from c) are by means of common fluidized bed processes with
- EUDRAGIT® FS 30D coated The polymer order is 40 wt .-% based on the core weight.
- the dispersion / suspension for coating consists of:
- Example 2 Execution of a formulation for sparingly soluble peptides
- the resulting dispersion from a) is dispersed with the Ultraturrax (20,000 rpm) with the chitosan citrate dispersion from b) with further cooling with the ice bath to 10 ° C. for at least 10 min.
- the emulsification process can be terminated if no lipophilic droplets are detectable by microscopic examination larger than 50-60 ⁇ m.
- chitosan 20 g are dispersed in 1000 g of water and then 20 g of citric acid with very rapid stirring. 2 g of sodium dodecanate are added with rapid stirring to the clear, yellowish viscous solution obtained, and stirring is continued for 1 h.
- the emulsion from b) is sprayed with the GPCG1 (smooth) at a spray rate of 10 to 12 g / min / kg to 250 g of neutral pellets 400 to 600 ⁇ m at a supply air temperature of 30 ° C. and sprayed.
- the supply air is set to 45 - 50m 3 / h.
- the yield is 90%.
- Preparation of coated pellets The pellets thus obtained are coated with EUDRAGIT® L12.5 by means of conventional fluidized bed processes.
- the polymer order is 40 wt .-% based on the core weight.
- the coating suspension consists of:
- the pellets thus obtained can be compressed in a tablet with conventional pharmaceutical methods and excipients or filled in capsules.
- Example 3 Execution of a formulation for a sparingly soluble protein
- the ground drug-containing lipophilic matrix from a) is mixed in a granulator with 1500 g Blanose 7LF.
- the mixture is then granulated with the aqueous buffer solution from b), so that 0.2 to 0.5 mm large particles are formed, which are rounded off on a spheronizer.
- the resulting wet cores are dried gently at 30 to 25 ° C in a fluidized bed dryer. d) Preparation of coated pellets
- the dispersion / suspension for coating consists of:
- the pellets thus obtained can be compressed into a tablet by conventional pharmaceutical methods and excipients or filled into capsules.
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- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
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- Immunology (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
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- Oncology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04741056A EP1643977B1 (de) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Multipartikuläre arzneiform, enthaltend mucoadhaesiv formulierte peptid- oder protein-wirkstoffe, sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung der arzneiform |
SI200430530T SI1643977T1 (sl) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Multipartikularna zdravilna oblika, ki vsebuje mukoadhezivno formulirane peptidne ali proteinske ucinkovine, kot tudi postopek za pripravo zdravilne oblike |
US10/564,096 US8734849B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Multiparticle pharmaceutical dosage form containing a mucoadhesively formulated peptide or protein active substances method for producing said pharmaceutical dosage form |
CA2532487A CA2532487C (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Multiparticle pharmaceutical dosage form containing a mucoadhesively formulated peptide or protein active substances, and a method for producing said pharmaceutical dosage form |
JP2006519883A JP5026787B2 (ja) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | ムコ粘着性組成化ペプチド−又はタンパク質−作用物質を含有する多層粒子形剤形、及びこの剤形の製法 |
BRPI0411986-0A BRPI0411986A (pt) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | forma de dosagem farmacêutica multiparticulada, contendo substáncias peptìdicas ou protéicas ativas formuladas de maneira mucoadesiva, e um método para produzir a dita forma de dosagem farmacêutica |
PL04741056T PL1643977T3 (pl) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Wielocząstkowa postać leku, zawierającego mukoadhezyjnie sformułowane peptydowe lub proteinowe substancje czynne oraz sposób wytwarzania tej postaci leku |
DE502004005154T DE502004005154D1 (de) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Multipartikuläre arzneiform, enthaltend mucoadhaesiv formulierte peptid- oder protein-wirkstoffe, sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung der arzneiform |
IL173078A IL173078A (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2006-01-11 | Multiparticle pharmaceutical dosage form containing a mucoadhesively formulated peptide or protein active substances and method for producing said pharmaceutical dosage form |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10332160A DE10332160A1 (de) | 2003-07-15 | 2003-07-15 | Multipartikuläre Arzneiform, enthaltend mucoadhaesiv formulierte Peptid- oder Protein-Wirkstoffe, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Arzneiform |
DE10332160.8 | 2003-07-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005007139A2 true WO2005007139A2 (de) | 2005-01-27 |
WO2005007139A3 WO2005007139A3 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
Family
ID=33560136
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2004/007882 WO2005007139A2 (de) | 2003-07-15 | 2004-07-15 | Multipartikuläre arzneiform, enthaltend mucoadhaesiv formulierte peptid- oder protein-wirkstoffe, sowie ein verfahren zur herstellung der arzneiform |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8734849B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1643977B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5026787B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100882155B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN100528145C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE374601T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0411986A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2532487C (de) |
DE (2) | DE10332160A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2293286T3 (de) |
IL (1) | IL173078A (de) |
PL (1) | PL1643977T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005007139A2 (de) |
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- 2004-07-15 ES ES04741056T patent/ES2293286T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-15 EP EP04741056A patent/EP1643977B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-15 PL PL04741056T patent/PL1643977T3/pl unknown
- 2004-07-15 CN CNB2004800202169A patent/CN100528145C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-15 BR BRPI0411986-0A patent/BRPI0411986A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-07-15 US US10/564,096 patent/US8734849B2/en active Active
- 2004-07-15 JP JP2006519883A patent/JP5026787B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-15 WO PCT/EP2004/007882 patent/WO2005007139A2/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-07-15 DE DE502004005154T patent/DE502004005154D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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EP1643977B1 (de) | 2007-10-03 |
ATE374601T1 (de) | 2007-10-15 |
IL173078A0 (en) | 2006-06-11 |
EP1643977A2 (de) | 2006-04-12 |
WO2005007139A3 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
KR100882155B1 (ko) | 2009-02-06 |
JP2009513553A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
CN100528145C (zh) | 2009-08-19 |
CA2532487A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
CA2532487C (en) | 2012-09-18 |
IL173078A (en) | 2010-05-31 |
CN1822821A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
DE502004005154D1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
KR20060041227A (ko) | 2006-05-11 |
US20070026082A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
ES2293286T3 (es) | 2008-03-16 |
US8734849B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
PL1643977T3 (pl) | 2008-04-30 |
BRPI0411986A (pt) | 2006-08-29 |
JP5026787B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
DE10332160A1 (de) | 2005-02-03 |
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