WO2005004708A1 - 眼調節機能状態測定装置 - Google Patents
眼調節機能状態測定装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005004708A1 WO2005004708A1 PCT/JP2004/007874 JP2004007874W WO2005004708A1 WO 2005004708 A1 WO2005004708 A1 WO 2005004708A1 JP 2004007874 W JP2004007874 W JP 2004007874W WO 2005004708 A1 WO2005004708 A1 WO 2005004708A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- eye
- target
- measurement
- function state
- power
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001886 ciliary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010044565 Tremor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
- A61B3/028—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing visual acuity; for determination of refraction, e.g. phoropters
- A61B3/032—Devices for presenting test symbols or characters, e.g. test chart projectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
- A61B3/09—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient for testing accommodation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/103—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining refraction, e.g. refractometers, skiascopes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an eye-clipping-power measuring device that measures the eye refractive power of an eye to be examined and the eye adjustment function state measurement of the eye to be examined.
- measurement of eye refractive power is continuously performed in the same manner as in the conventional eye refractive power measurement method (for example, the method of Patent Document 2).
- the eye adjustment function state is measured by calculating the high-frequency component of the bending power from the value.
- continuous eye refractive power measurement at 1 to 2 Hz as a high frequency component is required, and the measurement time per measurement is, for example, 1 for the eye refractive power measurement unit.
- H z continuous measurement is performed at 0.1 second intervals because of the corresponding measurement time interval. This continuous measurement is performed for about 20 seconds as one cycle, and the measurement of a plurality of positions (for example, about 8 cycles at 8 locations) is performed while moving the target position.
- refractive power measurement is performed, which is generally spherical A power (generally called the initial letter S S. S. below), an astigmatic power (generally called the first letter C C 1 1 inder C. hereinafter called C), an astigmatic axis (generally the initial letter A xis A x Hereinafter, it is measured as A x), but conventionally, the far point position on the measurement has been determined by S alone. This was because eye-adjusting function state measurement saw a change in refractive power, so it was acceptable to use only S, which is easy to measure.
- the C of the subject when the C of the subject is small, there is no problem in determining the far point position on the measurement only by S. However, when C becomes stronger, it is one of the inherent characteristics of the eye 60 to be examined. There is a problem that a shift occurs between the absolute far-point position (hereinafter referred to as the absolute far-point) and the far-point position on the measurement. In addition, the dioptric power changes easily every day, and in many cases the far point on the measurement is not necessarily the absolute far point. When the far point position on the measurement deviates from the absolute far point position, there is a problem that the measurement result of the eye adjustment function state measurement can not be obtained accurately. In some cases, the subject's absolute farpoint may be accurately known, and in such a case, it is preferable to replace with the absolute farpoint.
- the target position should be measured at the same position, but as mentioned above, the human refraction value is likely to change Therefore, there is also a problem that measurement is performed at a target position different from the previous one because the measurement far point is different.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2 0 0 3-7 0 7 4 0
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-1 575 7
- the present invention solves the above problems by the following solution means.
- the present invention will be described with reference to the reference numerals corresponding to the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- a target projection unit (6 2) for projecting a target (6 2 a) onto an eye to be examined (6 0), and the position of the target is moved along the optical axis direction of the eye to be examined
- An eye adjustment function state measuring device for measuring the state of eye adjustment function of an eye to be examined at a plurality of positions, the target moving mechanism including: A position adjustment unit (6 8) capable of correcting the position of the visual target at any position on the eye adjustment functional state measuring apparatus.
- a target projection unit (6 2) for projecting a target (6 2 a) onto an eye (6 0) to move the position of the target along the optical axis direction of the eye
- An eye adjustment function state measuring device for measuring the state of eye adjustment function of an eye to be examined at a plurality of positions, the target moving mechanism including: And a position selection unit (67) capable of selecting the position of the visual target from a plurality of positions.
- the position of the visual target (6 2 a) is calculated from the eye dioptric power, and the position selection unit (6 7)
- the eye is characterized in that it is selectable from at least three types of spherical diopter, spherical diopter + astigmatism diopter / 2, spherical diopter + astigmatic diopter as the dioptric diopter used for calculating the position of the target of It is an adjustment function status measurement device.
- a vision projection unit (6 2) for projecting a vision (6 2 a) onto an eye to be examined (6 0), and moving the position of the vision along the optical axis direction of the eye to be examined
- An eye adjustment function state measuring device for measuring the state of eye adjustment function of an eye to be examined at a plurality of positions, the target moving mechanism including: A position selecting unit (67) capable of selecting the position of the target from the plurality of positions; and the position of the target selected by the position selecting unit
- This eye-adjustment function state measurement apparatus is characterized by comprising a position correction section (6 8) which can be corrected at an arbitrary position.
- the position of the visual target (6 2 a) is calculated from the eye dioptric power, and the position selecting unit (6 7) is at the start of measurement.
- the eye is characterized in that it is selectable from at least three types of spherical diopter, spherical diopter + astigmatism diopter / 2, spherical diopter + astigmatic diopter as the dioptric diopter used for calculating the position of the target of It is an adjustment function status measurement device.
- a sixth aspect of the invention is the eye adjustment functional state measuring apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the invention, wherein the spherical power, the spherical power + the astigmatic power Z 2, the spherical power + the astigmatic power selected by the position selection unit (67) It is also an eye adjustment function state measuring device characterized in that the shift is also used to calculate the eye adjustment function state measurement.
- a vision projection unit (6 2) for projecting a vision (6 2 a) onto an eye (6 0) to move the position of the vision along the optical axis direction of the eye
- An eye adjustment function state measuring device for arranging an eye target at a plurality of positions by the target movement mechanism and measuring an eye adjustment function state of an eye to be examined at the plurality of positions
- a measurement result calling unit for calling the result from the inside and / or the outside.
- An eighth aspect of the invention is the eye adjustment function state measurement apparatus according to the seventh aspect of the invention, wherein the display unit can simultaneously display the past measurement results called by the measurement result calling unit (65) together with the latest measurement results. (6 6), characterized in that it is an eye adjustment functional state measuring device. According to the present invention, there are various effects as follows.
- the position selecting unit can select at least three types of spherical power, spherical power + astigmatism power / 2, spherical power + astigmatism power as the position of the target at the start of measurement, so the astigmatism power, More accurate measurement can be performed more easily regardless of the measurement date.
- spherical power + astigmatism power Z 2 spherical power + astigmatism power selected by the position selection unit is also used for calculation of the eye conditioning function state measurement, the past measurement conditions and Accurate and consistent measurement results can be calculated.
- the past measurement results can be easily referred to because the past measurement results are called from inside and Z or from outside.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an eye control function state measuring device 51 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a view showing a stripe pattern of the chopper 6 1 a.
- FIG. 3 is an operation flowchart executed by the control unit 65.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which the past schedule and the latest schedule are displayed simultaneously.
- the present invention aims to ensure that accurate measurement results can be obtained without depending on the astigmatic power, measurement date, etc., and that measurement can be performed under the same conditions as the measurement conditions in the past.
- a position correction unit capable of correcting the position of the target at the start of measurement to an arbitrary position
- a position selection unit capable of selecting the position of the target at the start of measurement from a plurality of positions. Realized by a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an eye control function state measuring device 51 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Used in the present invention The configuration of the apparatus is the same as that described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, and an examination method is used as the principle of measurement. The basic principle for obtaining one refraction measurement is the same as that described in these publications, so the details of the measurement principle will be omitted.
- the eye adjustment function state measuring apparatus 51 includes a refraction measuring unit 61, a target projecting unit 62, a dichroic mirror 63, a control unit 65, a display unit 66, and a target position. Selection unit 6 7, Target position correction unit 6 8, Storage unit 6 9 etc. are provided. An external storage unit 69 for data storage is provided outside the eye control function condition measuring device 51.
- a convex lens 62c, a target 62a, and a light source 62b are arranged in order from the side closer to the subject eye 60 (closer to the eye).
- the luminous flux from the target 6 2 a illuminated by the light source 6 2 b is converted to a state close to a parallel luminous flux at the convex lens 6 2 c and then enters the eye to be examined 60.
- the position of the target 6 2 a seems to be farther than the actual position.
- the target 6 2 a and the light source 6 2 b move in the direction of the optical axis of the eye 60 by a target moving mechanism (not shown) and the motor 6 2 d while the positional relationship between them is unchanged. It is possible.
- FIG. 2 is a figure which shows the stripe pattern of chiyotsuba 61 a.
- the refraction measuring unit 61 has a slit-formed chisel 6 1 a, a motor 6 1 i for rotating the chiropper 6 1 a, and a light source for illuminating the chiropper 6 1 a (infrared light source) 6 1 b, chiyono Lens 61 d that projects the stripe pattern formed by ° 61 a onto the fundus of the subject eye 60, light receiver that detects the moving speed of the stripe pattern formed by the light returning from the eye bottom of the subject eye 60 6 lh, lens 6 1 f, aperture 6 lg etc.
- the refraction measurement unit 61 is provided with a lens 61 c, a half mirror 61 e, and the like.
- the dichroic mirror 1 63 transmits the measurement light (infrared light) emitted from the refraction measurement unit 61 and the measurement light (visible light) emitted from the projection unit 62 to the subject eye 60 respectively. It works to return infrared light returning from the eye 60 under test to the refraction measurement unit 61.
- the refraction measurement In the part 61 since the chopper 71a is rotated, the stripe pattern projected on the fundus of the subject eye 60 moves.
- the moving speed of the stripe pattern formed on the light receiving unit 6 1 h changes according to the eye refractive power of the eye 60 to be examined. As shown in Fig.
- stripes 71a and 71b in two directions are formed on the chopper as a stripe pattern of the chopper 71a, and when the blade makes one revolution, the direction of the two directions is measured.
- Eye refractive powers such as spherical power, astigmatic power, and astigmatic axis are calculated.
- the control unit 65 includes a CPU and a circuit including a memory used for its operation, and the light source 6 2 b 6 1 b, and the motor 6 are referred to with reference to the signal output from the light receiving unit 6 1 h. 6 2 e, 6 1 i, and drive control and operation of the display unit 66. Specifically, the control unit 65 refers to the output while driving the refraction measurement unit 61 (by driving control of the motor 62 d while driving the light source 62 b), the target 6 2 a. Scan the placement and position of (the target 6 2 a and the light source 6 2 b).
- control unit 65 drives the light source 61 b, the motor 61 i, and the light receiving unit 61 h while referring to the output of the light receiving unit 61 1 h as described above. Measure the eye's refractive power.
- control unit 65 also has a function as a measurement result calling unit that saves data in the storage unit 69 overnight or calls data from the storage unit 69.
- FIG. 3 is an operation flowchart executed by the control unit 65.
- the far point position DO on the measurement of the subject eye 60 is measured.
- the far point position on measurement DO is the position of the target that is most visible to the subject eye, and is used to adapt the contents of this measurement procedure to the characteristics of the individual subject eye 10.
- the measurement of the far-point position in this measurement is the same as that performed in general eye refractive power measurement, and is also disclosed in Patent Document 1, and since the content is the same, the details will be omitted.
- the far point position D on this measurement Based on 0, determine the target position at the start of measurement as follows.
- step 1 When refraction measurement is performed, S, C, Ax are stored first (step 1: hereinafter, step is abbreviated as S).
- the subject's past schedule is called (S2).
- the control unit 65 calls the past measurement data of the subject stored in the storage unit 69. This is because in which target position the past measurement value was measured, S, C, Ax did not deviate, and which selection of S, S + C / 2, S + C was used in the past It is to confirm
- the target position selector (position selector) 67 is used to select which of 5 + C / 2 and S + C is to be determined (S3). This has the purpose of matching the same choices as the previous measurement schedule.
- Dp Diopter
- Dp lZi
- f a focal length, and unit: m
- f 0.5 m
- f lm
- measurement can be performed by placing the target 62 a at this position, in the present embodiment, the lens
- the target position is manually corrected using the target position correction unit (correction unit) 68 (S4). This is done to correct when the subject's far point is known in advance or when it is desired to align at the same position as the past data.
- the correction unit correction unit
- numeric input like a numeric keypad may be used, or +-may be moved by a predetermined number of steps. If no correction is required, the correction amount may be set to zero.
- the visual target 1 2 a is placed at the position calculated with reference to the far point position DO corrected by the visual target position correction unit (correction unit) 68.
- the visual target 62a is disposed at a position slightly distant from the position calculated based on the DO (a position calculated based on DO + a '0) (S5). In this position (the position calculated with reference to DO + Q! '0), even if the eye 60 adjusts, the eye 62 can not be clearly seen, but the eye 62 a can not be too large. It is such a position.
- the reason for arranging at such a position (the position calculated with reference to ⁇ + ⁇ ′ 0) is to suppress unnecessary movement of the eye 60 to be examined. Therefore, a, 0 is preferably around 0.5 Dp.
- the visual target 62a is continuously arranged at the same position for a predetermined time T, and the temporal change of the eye flexing power at that time is monitored (S6).
- the above-mentioned time T (period for sampling the time-lapse variation data of the eye refractive power) is about 8 seconds or more, and the load on the ciliary muscle is less than about 20 seconds with respect to the subject's eye 60 staring. is there.
- the way in which ciliary tonic tremor is generated differs depending on the adjustment effort to look at the target 62a. Therefore, it is preferable that the adjustment function state be obtained for each of the different target positions «1, 2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ . Therefore, in the present measurement procedure of this embodiment, the target 62a is moved closer by 1 step (for example, 0.5 D p) from the position (D 0 +, 0).
- the appearance frequency of the predetermined high frequency component is calculated as the index of the adjustment function state from the temporal change data of the eye refractive power acquired in this way (S10).
- S, S + C / 2 As a refraction value used at the time of calculation of the appearance frequency of a high frequency component, S, S + C / 2, S + C selected by above-mentioned S3 are similarly used for calculation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which past data and the latest schedule are simultaneously displayed.
- Fig. 4 the left side shows the past measurement results, and the right side shows the present measurement results.
- the status of the ocular control function is indicated by a darker color if the control is large and a lighter color if the control is less.
- the shades of color are represented by the density of hatching.
- Patent document 1 Since the details are described in and basically the same, the explanation is omitted.
- the storage unit 69 is built in, but an external storage unit such as a personal computer may be used when the amount of data is large.
- the past data and the present data are displayed on the display unit of the device main body, but when using a personal computer etc. as the external storage unit, a display attached to the external storage unit
- a display unit such as a personal computer
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP04735507A EP1645221A4 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2004-05-31 | INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE EYE ADJUSTMENT FUNCTION STATUS |
JP2005511484A JPWO2005004708A1 (ja) | 2003-07-14 | 2004-05-31 | 眼調節機能状態測定装置 |
US11/331,074 US20060187412A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2006-01-13 | Eye accommodation function state measurement device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2003-273833 | 2003-07-14 | ||
JP2003273833 | 2003-07-14 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/331,074 Continuation US20060187412A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2006-01-13 | Eye accommodation function state measurement device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005004708A1 true WO2005004708A1 (ja) | 2005-01-20 |
Family
ID=34056039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2004/007874 WO2005004708A1 (ja) | 2003-07-14 | 2004-05-31 | 眼調節機能状態測定装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060187412A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1645221A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005004708A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20060036089A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1822787A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005004708A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007275394A (ja) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-10-25 | Right Manufacturing Co Ltd | 眼調節機能状態測定装置 |
JP2012005904A (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-01-12 | Right Manufacturing Co Ltd | 眼調節機能状態測定装置 |
JP2016054770A (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-04-21 | 株式会社ニデック | 視機能測定装置、および視機能測定プログラム |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5542465B2 (ja) * | 2010-02-03 | 2014-07-09 | 株式会社ライト製作所 | 検眼装置、眼鏡レンズの製造方法、眼鏡レンズ、遠近両用眼鏡の製造方法及び遠近両用眼鏡 |
DE102014004248A1 (de) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-10-08 | Wavelight Gmbh | Scharfes Fixationstarget |
CN108567406A (zh) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-09-25 | 分界线(天津)网络技术有限公司 | 一种人眼屈光度的分析测量系统及方法 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH09182721A (ja) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Nidek Co Ltd | 近点計 |
JPH11244245A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-14 | Topcon Corp | 眼科用診断支援システム |
JP2003070740A (ja) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-11 | Nikon Corp | 眼調節機能測定装置 |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4917480A (en) * | 1985-01-18 | 1990-04-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon | Eye refractive power measuring apparatus |
JPH06165757A (ja) * | 1992-11-30 | 1994-06-14 | Nikon Corp | 検影型他覚眼屈折力測定装置 |
US5483305A (en) * | 1993-01-25 | 1996-01-09 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Eye examining apparatus |
US5555039A (en) * | 1993-02-10 | 1996-09-10 | Nikon Corporation | Eye measuring apparatus having an automatic fogging producing mechanism and method thereof |
JPH09135811A (ja) * | 1995-11-15 | 1997-05-27 | Nikon Corp | 眼科装置 |
JP3523453B2 (ja) * | 1997-06-30 | 2004-04-26 | 株式会社ニデック | 検眼装置 |
US6033074A (en) * | 1997-12-09 | 2000-03-07 | Nikon Corporation | Subjective eye refractive power measuring apparatus |
JP4366359B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-09 | 2009-11-18 | 株式会社ライト製作所 | 眼調節機能状態測定装置 |
-
2004
- 2004-05-31 JP JP2005511484A patent/JPWO2005004708A1/ja active Pending
- 2004-05-31 EP EP04735507A patent/EP1645221A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-05-31 KR KR1020067000777A patent/KR20060036089A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-05-31 WO PCT/JP2004/007874 patent/WO2005004708A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2004-05-31 CN CNA2004800203778A patent/CN1822787A/zh active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-01-13 US US11/331,074 patent/US20060187412A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09182721A (ja) * | 1995-12-28 | 1997-07-15 | Nidek Co Ltd | 近点計 |
JPH11244245A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-09-14 | Topcon Corp | 眼科用診断支援システム |
JP2003070740A (ja) * | 2001-09-07 | 2003-03-11 | Nikon Corp | 眼調節機能測定装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP1645221A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007275394A (ja) * | 2006-04-10 | 2007-10-25 | Right Manufacturing Co Ltd | 眼調節機能状態測定装置 |
JP2012005904A (ja) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-01-12 | Right Manufacturing Co Ltd | 眼調節機能状態測定装置 |
JP2016054770A (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-04-21 | 株式会社ニデック | 視機能測定装置、および視機能測定プログラム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1645221A4 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
EP1645221A1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
CN1822787A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
JPWO2005004708A1 (ja) | 2006-10-12 |
KR20060036089A (ko) | 2006-04-27 |
US20060187412A1 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
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