WO2004102478A1 - 画像処理装置 - Google Patents
画像処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004102478A1 WO2004102478A1 PCT/JP2004/006505 JP2004006505W WO2004102478A1 WO 2004102478 A1 WO2004102478 A1 WO 2004102478A1 JP 2004006505 W JP2004006505 W JP 2004006505W WO 2004102478 A1 WO2004102478 A1 WO 2004102478A1
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- magnification
- image
- low
- area
- sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
- G06T5/50—Image enhancement or restoration by the use of more than one image, e.g. averaging, subtraction
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/30—Determination of transform parameters for the alignment of images, i.e. image registration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
- G06T2207/30004—Biomedical image processing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus, and more particularly, to a microscope image bonding apparatus for reliably bonding a wide-field, high-resolution microscope image from a plurality of images of a sample taken in a divided manner.
- the range that can be observed at one time is mainly determined by the magnification of the objective lens.However, when the objective lens becomes high magnification, the observation range is limited to only a small part of the specimen. come.
- pathological diagnosis there is a demand to grasp the whole specimen image in order to prevent oversight of the diagnosis location.
- the computerization of images has been promoted in the above-mentioned pathological diagnosis, and the microscopic images taken through a camera have the same level as those of conventional silver halide films. There is a demand to achieve high resolution.
- the following methods have been known as methods for obtaining high-resolution or wide-angle microscope images.
- a stage on which a sample is mounted and illumination are relatively scanned to divide the sample into a plurality of areas.
- partial images are fetched, and successive images based on these arrangements are combined like a tile to create an entire specimen image.
- the second example relates to a method of reconstructing a whole image of a specimen by image pasting.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-28140 discloses that a whole specimen area has a plurality of mutually overlapping portions.
- the imaging regions of the respective divided images may not be connected accurately because the partial images obtained by the divided imaging are simply synthesized, and the stage movement error is not considered. Therefore, an accurate whole image of the specimen cannot be obtained.
- the position reproduction error of the stage is several ⁇ to several tens.
- the displacement between adjacent images may be from several pixels to several tens of pixels.
- a sample is divided and imaged into a plurality of small regions so as to partially overlap each other, and the overlapped portions of the captured images are compared by template matching, so that adjacent samples are obtained.
- the overlapping area can generally be only 10% to 20% of the image size. Absent. If there is no characteristic sample image in this limited overlapping part, template matching of the overlapping part may not be successful, and accurate displacement may not be detected.
- image joining is performed sequentially, an error in detecting a position shift of one image is accumulated in a position error of a subsequent image.
- An object of the present invention to combine a plurality of images and combine them even when there is no sample image in the overlapping portion, and to uniformly combine the images even when the imaging conditions in the divided imaging are different.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an image processing device capable of constructing a composite image having a complicated background.
- a first aspect of the present invention is an image processing device
- a low-magnification imaging unit that images the entire sample area at a low magnification that is the first magnification
- An area division information storage unit that stores, as area division information, the position information of each small area when divided into
- a high-magnification imaging unit that sequentially captures substantially the same area as each divided area at a second magnification that is higher than the first magnification according to the area division information;
- a displacement detection unit that detects a displacement of the high-magnification image captured by the high-magnification imaging unit based on the low-magnification sample image captured by the low-magnification imaging unit;
- a displacement correction unit that corrects the position of each high-magnification image based on the displacement detected by the displacement detection unit
- An image combining unit that sequentially combines the high-magnification images whose positions have been corrected by the misalignment correction unit to create a high-magnification image of the entire sample area;
- the image processing apparatus wherein the image quality of a high-magnification image of each small area whose position is corrected by the misregistration correction unit and the low-magnification sample
- An image quality difference detection unit that detects a difference in image quality between partial images corresponding to the high-magnification image of the image
- An image quality difference correction unit that corrects the image quality of the high-magnification image of each small area based on the image quality difference detected by the image quality difference detection unit.
- a third aspect of the present invention relates to the image processing device according to the second aspect, wherein the difference in image quality is caused by a difference in brightness.
- a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to the image processing device according to the second aspect, wherein the difference in image quality is due to a difference in uniformity of brightness.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention relates to the image processing device according to the second aspect, wherein the image quality difference is caused by a difference in geometric characteristics.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention relates to the image processing apparatus according to the first aspect, wherein the low-magnification imaging section captures an entire image of the sample by performing relative scanning on the sample. It has a line sensor, and the high-magnification imaging unit has an area sensor for imaging a part of the sample.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention relates to the image processing device according to the first or sixth aspect, wherein the low-magnification image captured by the low-magnification imaging unit and the high-magnification image captured by the high-magnification imaging unit are provided.
- the low-magnification image captured by the low-magnification imaging unit and the high-magnification image captured by the high-magnification imaging unit are provided.
- An eighth aspect of the present invention relates to the image processing device according to the seventh aspect, wherein the positional relationship is determined in consideration of horizontal or vertical movement.
- a ninth aspect of the present invention relates to the image processing device according to the seventh aspect, wherein the positional relationship is determined in consideration of rotational movement.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the image processing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- 'FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the low magnification whole sample image L and the sample area divided into four.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams (part 1) for explaining the operation of the displacement detector 14.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams (part 2) for explaining the operation of the displacement detector 14.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a position shift correction of a high-magnification image.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing algorithm of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the image processing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 8A to 8D are diagrams showing the difference in brightness between the high-magnification images HI and H2 and the corresponding low-magnification partial images L1 and L2.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B show low-magnification images.
- 11A and 11B are diagrams for explaining a procedure for detecting a difference in brightness uniformity between the high-magnification image H I and the corresponding low-magnification partial image L 1.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a configuration of an image processing device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing misalignment due to misalignment of the optical axes of the high-magnification lens and the low-magnification lens in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a view showing an angle shift due to a core rotation according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the image processing apparatus has a system configuration including a microscope (not shown) having objective lenses of a plurality of types of magnifications, an electric stage for moving a sample two-dimensionally under the field of view of the microscope, and
- the camera includes a CCD camera for capturing a microscope image, and a personal computer as a control device for controlling the above-described units.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the image processing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- a low-magnification imaging unit 11 uses a low-magnification objective lens to capture a low-magnification image of the entire sample. From the number of pixels of the image sensor, the range of the field of view of the low-magnification imaging unit 11 and the coordinates of the motorized stage, the correspondence between the pixel position of the captured image and the coordinates of the stage is calculated.
- the captured low-magnification image area is divided into a plurality of small areas so as to partially overlap.
- the area division information acquired at this time is converted into coordinates of the electric stage and stored in the area division information storage unit 13.
- the objective lens is switched to a high magnification, the electric stage is driven, and the position stored in the area division information storage unit 13 is changed.
- the high-magnification imaging unit 12 converts the high-magnification image of the small area into a small area. Take an image.
- the displacement detecting unit 14 cuts out a low-magnification partial region corresponding to the high-magnification image to be captured from the entire low-magnification sample image based on the above-described region division information, and By performing template matching with the high-magnification image based on the image, the displacement of the high-magnification image is detected. Then, the displacement correcting unit 15 corrects the position of the high-magnification image according to the detected displacement information.
- the corrected high-magnification image is input to the image combining unit 16.
- the image combining section 16 sequentially combines the captured high-magnification image and the immediately preceding corrected high-magnification image based on the above-described area division information to form a high-magnification composite image. It will be completed sequentially.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the low magnification whole sample image L and the sample area divided into four parts.
- Ll, L2, L3, and L4 denote four small regions divided so as to have a partially overlapping region.
- the coordinates of the center of each of the small areas L 1, L 2, L 3, L 4 are converted into the coordinate system of the motorized stage, and are respectively (xl, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3 ), (X4, y4), and the coordinate information is stored in the area division information storage unit 13.
- the motorized stage When imaging the small area L 1 at high magnification, the motorized stage The sample is driven to move to the stage coordinates (xl, y1) and imaged with a high-magnification lens. If the reproducibility of the coordinates of the motorized stage is sufficiently accurate, the target area can be imaged at a high magnification, so that no displacement occurs in the high-magnification image. However, the coordinate reproduction accuracy of a general electric stage is several ⁇ to several tens ⁇ . Even if the user intends to image the area L1, the high-magnification image that is imaged may deviate from a predetermined position by the coordinate reproduction accuracy. Therefore, in order to perform accurate image joining, the low-magnification image, the area division information, and the high-magnification image are input to the displacement detection unit 14 and the predetermined area of the high-magnification image is input. Must be detected.
- FIGS. L1 shown in Fig. 3 (1) is an image of the divided small area cut out from the low-magnification sample image L according to the area division information.
- the stage coordinates of the center of L 1 are (X 1, y 1).
- the image taken at a high magnification corresponding to this image L1 is H1 (FIG. 3B), and the stage coordinates at the center thereof are (xhl, yhl).
- L 1 ′ shown in FIG. 4A is an image obtained by enlarging L 1 to an intermediate magnification c by linear interpolation
- H 1 shown in FIG. 4B is an image obtained by reducing H 1 to an intermediate magnification c. It is.
- an area T 1 near the center of HI is used as a template image
- an area S 1 of L 1 is used as a search area in consideration of the reproduction accuracy of the stage coordinates.
- the search area S1 is larger than the template image T1.
- the template image T1 is scanned in the search area S1 while the corresponding plots in the template and the search area are evaluated using the evaluation function.
- the difference between that position and the coordinates (X1, y1) will be the position shift of the high-magnification image.
- the normalized correlation coefficient between the template and the corresponding block may be used as the evaluation function, or the sum of the absolute values of the luminance differences between the template and the corresponding block at each pixel. May be used.
- a coarse search may be performed at the intermediate magnification d (a ⁇ d ⁇ c), and then a precise search may be performed at the intermediate magnification c around the coarsely detected area.
- an electric stage is used.
- the displacement considers only vertical or horizontal movement, but if there is rotation, the rotation angle is also detected.
- the position detector 14 detects the position shift of the high-magnification image
- the position shift of the high-magnification image is corrected using the detected data. This correction is performed using the affine transformation.
- Fig. 5 shows an example of correcting the displacement of a high-magnification image.
- ( ⁇ , ⁇ y) is the displacement of the high-magnification image H 1 obtained by the displacement detector 14.
- ⁇ , A y By moving the image content of the high-magnification image H I by ( ⁇ , A y), a high-magnification image H 1 ⁇ ⁇ without displacement can be obtained.
- the blank part of ( ⁇ , ⁇ y) around the image generated by the movement is excluded from the overlapping part when combining the images.
- the image combining section 16 sequentially joins the input high-magnification images after the positional deviation correction according to the area division information to generate a high-magnification image of the entire sample.
- the width of the overlapping area between adjacent high-magnification images can be calculated from the area division information, when calculating the width of the overlapping area, the position of the high-magnification image is corrected around the image by correcting the displacement. Exclude blank spaces. In the overlapping area, the rendering processing is performed between the adjacent images so that the center of the overlapping area becomes a joint.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing algorithm of the present embodiment.
- the control unit sets the microscope objective lens to a low magnification, and captures the entire image of the specimen at a low magnification (Step S50). 5 1).
- the low-magnification image is divided into predetermined small areas, and the division at this time is performed.
- the information and the order in which high-magnification imaging is performed later are saved (step S52).
- the rough range of the low-magnification image may be automatically detected and automatically divided into small areas, or the low-magnification image may be presented to the user, and the user selects an area and sets the small area. It may be divided.
- step S53 the objective lens of the microscope is switched to a high magnification in accordance with an instruction from the control device.
- 1 is given as an initial value to a variable N indicating the processing order (step S54).
- step S55 the sample portion corresponding to the small area L is moved under the field of view of the high-magnification imaging unit using the motorized stage. .
- step S56 a high-magnification image is captured (step S56).
- step S57 the high-magnification image is simultaneously reduced to the same intermediate magnification c (step S58).
- the central portion of the high-magnification image is defined as a template, and a corresponding block is detected within a predetermined search range of the low-magnification image.
- a positional deviation from a predetermined position (the position at the time of area division) of the high-magnification image is detected (step S59). Based on the detected positional deviation, the positional deviation of the high-magnification image is detected (step S60).
- the corrected high-magnification image is pasted to the previous high-magnification image (step S61), and a high-magnification whole image of the sample is sequentially created. Go.
- step S62 it is determined whether or not the processing of all the divided areas has been completed. If it is determined that the processing has not ended, the variable N indicating the processing order is incremented by one (step S64), and the process returns to step S55 to repeat the processing. On the other hand, if it is determined that all the processing of the area divided in step S62 has been completed, the final high-magnification sample whole image is output (step S63). Then, the entire bonding process is completed (step S65).
- the stage has been described as being electrically driven, it may be a manually operated stage.
- the divided imaging may be performed with the specimen fixed and the imaging unit moved two-dimensionally with respect to the specimen.
- the misregistration is corrected based on the low-magnification image. Correction becomes possible, and this enables reliable bonding of microscope images as a whole.
- the amount of memory required for image processing is small, and a good high-resolution image of the entire specimen is obtained, in which there are differences in exposure conditions when capturing the divided images and optical distortions are not noticeable. Can be achieved. Further, even when high-magnification images are sequentially input, image combining is performed sequentially, so that the overall processing can be speeded up by combining in synchronization with the imaging operation.
- FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of the image processing apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- elements having the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 1 have the same functions as those of FIG. 1, and thus description thereof will be omitted here. Only the section 17 and the image quality difference correction section 18 will be described in detail.
- the method of the first embodiment is used. Even if the center position of the high-magnification image is used as a template to accurately determine the misalignment between the high-magnification images, the position of the adjacent high-magnification image near the joint will shift on the composite image. This makes the seams more conspicuous.
- the high-magnification image captured by the misregistration correction unit 15 in FIG. 7 has the image quality difference detection unit 1 together with the corresponding low-magnification image from the low-magnification imaging unit 11. Entered in 7.
- the image quality difference detection unit 17 compares the input high-magnification image with the low-magnification image and generates image quality difference correction data for adjusting the image quality of the high-magnification image to the low-magnification image.
- the image quality difference correction unit 18 corrects the image quality of the high magnification image based on the image quality difference correction data, and outputs the corrected image to the image combining unit 16.
- the reference magnification may be an intermediate magnification between the low magnification and the high magnification, or may be a low magnification.
- the correction data is calculated based on the high magnification in consideration of the later correction of the high magnification image.
- the low magnification partial images L 1 and L 2 are based on It is a high magnification of a partial image cut out from a low magnification image of a body image. Since the low-magnification image of the entire specimen image was captured as a single image, a partial image divided therefrom is the same as an image captured under the same exposure conditions. On the other hand, since the exposure conditions when capturing the high-magnification images H 1 and H 2 are different, the brightness of the high-magnification images must be captured by L1 from HI and L2 by H2, respectively. .
- FIG. 9A and 9B are diagrams showing input / output characteristics when capturing a low-magnification image, a high-magnification image H1, and a high-magnification image H2, respectively.
- 1 (ell) v, hvl, and hv 2 are input / output characteristic curves corresponding to the low-magnification image, the high-magnification image H1, and the high-magnification image H2, respectively, the high-magnification image H1
- the correction value V1 may be added to each pixel value of the high magnification image H1.
- V I V L 1 V H 1
- VL1 and VH1 are the average values of the pixel values of the images Ll and HI, respectively.
- the correction value V2 may be added to each pixel value of H2.
- V 2 V L 2 1 V H 2
- VL2 and VH2 are the average values of the pixel values of the images L2 and H2, respectively.
- the input / output characteristics of the image sensor do not become a simple straight line as shown in FIG. 9A.
- the input / output characteristics are curved as in FIG. 9B, it is necessary to perform input / output correction in each pixel of the high-magnification image according to the input pixel value.
- a correction table corresponding to the pixel value is obtained from the input / output characteristics of the low-magnification image and the high-magnification image measured in advance and used as correction data.
- Figures 10A and 10B describe the procedure for detecting the difference in geometric deformation between the high-magnification image HI ( Figure 10B) and the corresponding low-magnification partial image L1 ( Figure 10A).
- FIG. 10A As in the case of the high-magnification imaging unit, the low-magnification image captured by the low-magnification imaging unit also has distortion due to the optical system. However, since the present invention aims to combine high-magnification images based on low-magnification images, even if there is an aberration in the entire image to be combined, it is located at the joint. Good if there is no gap. Also, since the low-magnification partial image L1 is one small area of the low-magnification whole image, it is considered that distortion can be ignored. Thereafter, assuming that the low-magnification partial image L1 has already been corrected for distortion by the lens optical system or has no distortion, correction data for the distortion by the optical system of the high-magnification imaging unit is calculated. The method will be described.
- a plurality of feature points 50 are extracted from the low magnification partial image L 1 shown in FIG. 1OA.
- the feature point 50 is a pixel having a high contrast of a block including peripheral pixels.
- the corresponding points 51 of the characteristic points 50 of the low-magnification image are detected from the high-magnification image.
- Template matching is used as the method for detecting the corresponding point 51.
- coordinate data of a plurality of feature points 50 and corresponding points 51 can be obtained.
- the corrected high magnification is used to correct the distortion of the high magnification image. Lower the pixel value of each pixel in the image It can be obtained from the above equation.
- av [] is the pixel value of each pixel of the high-magnification image after correction
- hv [] is the pixel value of each pixel of the high-magnification image before correction.
- low magnification partial image may be determined the position of the corresponding pixel in the high-magnification image of all pixels t
- Figure 1 1A and 1IB are used to explain the procedure for detecting differences in brightness uniformity between the high-magnification image HI (Fig. 11B) and the corresponding low-magnification partial image L1 (Fig. 11A).
- FIG. Due to shading of the imaging lens and differences in illumination of the specimen, there is uneven brightness in the high-magnification image relative to the low-magnification image.
- the high-magnification image H1 is an image that has been subjected to the necessary corrections of positional deviation correction, brightness correction, and distortion correction.
- a pixel at a predetermined position may be set as the feature point 52, but it is more preferable to use a pixel at a position where the contrast of a block including peripheral pixels is low. New This is to obtain more accurate shading data even if the feature point 52 and the corresponding point 53 have a slight deviation.
- the high-magnification image In a high-magnification image that has been subjected to necessary corrections including misregistration correction, brightness correction, and distortion correction, since the positions of the pixels in the high-magnification image and the low-magnification partial image completely match, the high-magnification image
- the pixel at the same position in is the corresponding point 53 of the feature point 52.
- Let (xi, yi) be the coordinates of feature point 52 (of corresponding point 53), and determine the ratio k [xi, yi] between the pixel value of feature point 52 and the pixel value of corresponding point 53.
- the ratio of the pixel values is used as shading data of the high-magnification image.
- the pixel value of each pixel of the corrected high-magnification image may be obtained by the following equation.
- av [] is the pixel value of each pixel of the high-magnification image after correction
- hv ⁇ is the pixel value of each pixel of the high-magnification image before correction.
- Correction data at feature point 52 and corresponding point 53 were obtained, but correction data at other positions were not known.
- the image quality difference obtained in may be used for processing high-magnification images of other small areas.
- the difference in image quality between the high-magnification image and the low-magnification image due to the imaging conditions is detected and corrected. Even if the exposure conditions of the high-magnification image are different, even if the high-magnification image pickup unit has distortion or the brightness of the high-magnification image pickup unit is not uniform, the joints will not be noticeable. A high-magnification specimen whole image can be generated.
- the low-magnification image is captured using a low-magnification lens
- the high-magnification image is captured using a high-magnification lens
- the low-magnification imaging unit and the high-magnification imaging unit are of the same type.
- the description has been made on the assumption that the image sensor of this type is used.
- the field of view of the low magnification lens of the microscope is limited. Usually, the entire specimen is wider than the field of view of the low magnification lens.
- a low-magnification imaging unit and a high-magnification imaging unit are provided separately to capture the entire sample image.Low-magnification images are captured with a line sensor that can cover the sample range, and high-magnification imaging is performed using a conventional area sensor. To image.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the configuration of the image processing apparatus according to this embodiment.
- the entire sample 12 3 is imaged by the line-type CCD 122, which is a low-magnification image sensor, while moving the motorized stage 124 in the X direction.
- Divide into regions based on the whole image of the low-magnification specimen taken, Divide into regions.
- the divided small areas are moved under the field of view of the area-type CCD, which is a high-magnification imaging unit, on stage 124 to sequentially capture high-magnification images. Subsequent processing is the same as in the conventional embodiment, and will not be described.
- the entire sample is divided into a plurality of small regions with reference to the low-magnification image
- the stage is moved according to the positional information of each small region, and then a high-magnification image is taken, and each small region is taken. It detects the misalignment between the high-magnification image and the corresponding partial image of the low-magnification image, corrects the misregistration of the high-magnification image, and then pastes the high-magnification images together. And Therefore, if the misalignment or rotation between the low magnification and the high magnification is large, the entire sample is divided into regions based on the low-magnification image, and even if the movement amount of the stage is specified according to the region division information at this time. However, a high-magnification image at a desired position cannot be captured. Therefore, it is necessary to detect in advance the degree of center misalignment and center rotation caused by switching between the low-magnification lens and the high-magnification lens.
- a low-magnification image and a high-magnification image are taken at exactly the same position without moving the stage position, and the high-magnification image is used as a template, and the low-magnification image is used. From matching position If the position is detected, the misalignment between the matching position and the center of the image can be detected as misalignment.
- the method of detecting the center rotation first, similarly to the method of detecting the misalignment, the low-magnification image and the high-magnification image are taken at exactly the same position without moving the stage position, and the high-magnification image is obtained. Then, the matching position of the low magnification image is calculated, and then, at the matching position, while rotating the template little by little, the angle at which the correlation coefficient becomes the maximum is obtained to obtain the center rotation. Is required.
- each of the high-magnification images is detected in the low-magnification image by using two or more high-magnification images having different imaging positions from the low-magnification image, and the high-magnification and low-magnification images are detected from those positions.
- Magnification The rotational angle shift of the imaging unit is determined.
- area division information for dividing the entire sample based on the low-magnification image is corrected.
- the area division information is represented by (xi, yi) (i represents the number of each division area), which is the stage coordinate of the center of each division area, and the detected misalignment is represented by ( ⁇ X, ⁇ y).
- the area division information is corrected to (xi + ⁇ Xyi + ⁇ y).
- the corrected value is stored in a storage unit (for example, the area division information storage unit 13 in FIG. 1).
- the method of correcting the core rotation is to rotate the low-magnification image by ⁇ degrees to obtain a new low-power image. It is preferable to leave the magnification image as it is.
- the rotation angle of the low-magnification lens or high-magnification lens may be adjusted so that there is no rotation.
- An image processing device that can be constructed can be provided.
Abstract
Description
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EP04731757A EP1640908A1 (en) | 2003-05-13 | 2004-05-07 | Image processing apparatus |
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JP2003134732A JP2004343222A (ja) | 2003-05-13 | 2003-05-13 | 画像処理装置 |
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JP2007122118A (ja) * | 2005-10-25 | 2007-05-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 画像連結方法 |
JP2007252413A (ja) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-10-04 | Topcon Corp | 眼科用測定装置 |
JP5080750B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-31 | 2012-11-21 | セイコープレシジョン株式会社 | 顕微鏡及び顕微鏡の制御プログラム |
US7742624B2 (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2010-06-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Perspective improvement for image and video applications |
WO2009113647A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-14 | 2009-09-17 | 株式会社ニコン | 顕微鏡システム |
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EP1640908A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
JP2004343222A (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
US20050163398A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
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