WO2004088763A1 - Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびヘッドスライダ - Google Patents
Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびヘッドスライダ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004088763A1 WO2004088763A1 PCT/JP2003/003797 JP0303797W WO2004088763A1 WO 2004088763 A1 WO2004088763 A1 WO 2004088763A1 JP 0303797 W JP0303797 W JP 0303797W WO 2004088763 A1 WO2004088763 A1 WO 2004088763A1
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- magnetic field
- magnetoresistive
- magnetic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/1278—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive specially adapted for magnetisations perpendicular to the surface of the record carrier
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3268—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B2005/3996—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects large or giant magnetoresistive effects [GMR], e.g. as generated in spin-valve [SV] devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/31—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive using thin films
- G11B5/3109—Details
- G11B5/3116—Shaping of layers, poles or gaps for improving the form of the electrical signal transduced, e.g. for shielding, contour effect, equalizing, side flux fringing, cross talk reduction between heads or between heads and information tracks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/31—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive using thin films
- G11B5/3109—Details
- G11B5/313—Disposition of layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
- G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
- G11B5/127—Structure or manufacture of heads, e.g. inductive
- G11B5/33—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only
- G11B5/39—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects
- G11B5/3903—Structure or manufacture of flux-sensitive heads, i.e. for reproduction only; Combination of such heads with means for recording or erasing only using magneto-resistive devices or effects using magnetic thin film layers or their effects, the films being part of integrated structures
- G11B5/3906—Details related to the use of magnetic thin film layers or to their effects
- G11B5/3929—Disposition of magnetic thin films not used for directly coupling magnetic flux from the track to the MR film or for shielding
- G11B5/3932—Magnetic biasing films
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetoresistive element in which a magnetoresistive film such as a spin-valve film or a tunnel junction film is formed, and more particularly to a magnetoresistive film laminated on the surface of an arbitrary base layer and perpendicular to the surface of the base layer.
- the present invention relates to a magnetoresistive element having a CPP (CuRRent Perpendicular-to-thehe-PI ane) structure through which a sense current having a vertical component is passed.
- CPP CuRRent Perpendicular-to-thehe-PI ane
- a magnetoresistive film extending rearward at a predetermined length from a front end facing a medium facing surface, that is, an air bearing surface (ABS) is widely known. Such a magnetoresistive film is sandwiched between a pair of magnetic domain control films. A bias magnetic field force S is established between the magnetic domain control hard films along one direction across the magnetoresistive film. By the action of the bias magnetic field, the free magnetic layer in the magnetoresistive film achieves a single magnetic domain in a predetermined direction. The flow of the sense current generates an annular magnetic field in the free magnetic layer. When a sense current flows at a large current value, the strength of the annular magnetic field increases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and has a CPP structure magnetoresistive effect capable of passing a sense current with a large current value and ensuring sufficient sensitivity with a magnetoresistive effect film. It is intended to provide an element.
- a magnetoresistive film extending rearward from a front end facing a medium facing surface, and a magnetic domain sandwiching the magnetoresistive effect film extending rearward from a front end facing a medium facing surface
- a CPP-structured magnetoresistive device wherein a second region is established across the magnetoresistive film along the rear end to establish a second bias magnetic field having a second magnetic field intensity greater than the first magnetic field intensity.
- An effect element is provided.
- the current magnetic field is superposed in the opposite direction to the second bias magnetic field.
- the second bias magnetic field negates the current magnetic field.
- a single magnetic domain can be realized in the magnetoresistive film in one direction along the medium facing surface.
- the current magnetic field is superimposed in the same direction as the first bias magnetic field, and the magnetoresistive effect depends on the direction of the signal magnetic field acting on the magnetoresistive film.
- the magnetization can be rotated sufficiently in the film. When the magnetization of the magnetoresistive film rotates in this way, the electric resistance of the magnetoresistive film changes greatly.
- the voltage level changes according to the change in electrical resistance.
- Binary information can be read in response to this level change. That is, the sense current can flow with a large current value for the magnetoresistance effect J3. Moreover, sufficient sensitivity can be ensured with the magnetoresistive film.
- the second region of the magnetic domain control film may be set to a larger film thickness than the first region of the magnetic domain control film.
- the second magnetic field strength can be set higher than the first magnetic field strength.
- the magnetic domain control film includes a first region made of a first composition material having a first residual magnetic flux density, and a second residual magnetic flux larger than the first residual magnetic flux density.
- a second region made of a second composition material having a high density may be formed. According to such first and second composition materials, the second magnetic field strength can be set to be larger than the first magnetic field strength in the magnetic domain control film.
- a first underlayer for receiving a first region of the magnetic domain control film on a surface thereof, and controlling a grain size of crystal grains in the first region;
- a second underlayer that receives the second region and controls the grain size of the crystal grains in the second region may be formed.
- the remanent magnetization density of the first and second regions can be controlled in the magnetic domain control film.
- the second magnetic field strength can be set higher than the first magnetic field strength.
- the rear end of the magnetic domain control film may be disposed behind the rear end of the magnetoresistive film.
- the magnetic domain control film includes a magnetoresistive effect film extending rearward from the front end facing the medium facing surface, and a magnetic domain control film sandwiching the magnetoresistive film while extending rearward from the front end facing the medium facing surface.
- the first region establishes a first bias magnetic field of a first magnetic field strength across the magnetoresistive film along the front end of the magnetoresistive film, and the magnetoresistive film along the rear end of the magnetoresistive film.
- a CPP structure magnetoresistive effect element is provided, wherein a second region for traversing and establishing a second bias magnetic field having a second magnetic field strength smaller than the first magnetic field strength is formed.
- the current magnetic field is superimposed in the opposite direction to the first bias magnetic field on the front end side of the magnetoresistive film.
- the first bias magnetic field negates the current magnetic field.
- the current magnetic field is superimposed in the same direction as the second bias magnetic field, so that the magnetoresistive film changes in accordance with the direction of the signal magnetic field acting on the magnetoresistive film. Then the magnetization can be rotated sufficiently. When the magnetization of the magnetoresistive film rotates in this way, the electric resistance of the magnetoresistive film changes greatly.
- the voltage level changes according to the change in electrical resistance. This level of change Depending on the binary information can be read. That is, a sense current can flow through the magnetoresistive film with a large current value. Moreover, sufficient sensitivity can be ensured with the magnetoresistive film.
- the second region of the magnetic domain control film may be set to a smaller film thickness than the first region of the magnetic domain control film.
- the magnetic domain control film includes a first region composed of a first composition material having a first residual magnetic flux density and a second region composed of a second composition material having a second residual magnetic flux density larger than the first residual magnetic flux density.
- a configured second region may be formed.
- the first region receives the first region of the magnetic domain control film, the first region controls the grain size of the crystal grains in the first region, and the second region of the magnetic domain control film receives the second region in the surface.
- a second underlayer for controlling the grain size of the crystal grains may be formed.
- the above-described CPP structure magnetoresistive element can be used by being incorporated in, for example, a head slider.
- the head slider is used by being incorporated in a magnetic recording medium drive such as a hard disk drive.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a specific example of a magnetic recording medium drive, that is, a structure of a hard disk drive (HDD).
- a magnetic recording medium drive that is, a structure of a hard disk drive (HDD).
- HDD hard disk drive
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view schematically showing the structure of a flying head slider according to a specific example.
- FIG. 3 is a front view schematically showing a read / write head observed on the air bearing surface.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged front view schematically showing the structure of a CPP structure magnetoresistive (MR) read element.
- MR magnetoresistive
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken along line 5-5 in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken along line 6-6 in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a state of a magnetic field generated in the free magnetic layer based on a sense current.
- FIG. 8 schematically shows the direction of the magnetic field controlled in the free magnetic layer based on the sense current.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the magnetic domain control hard film and the bias magnetic field.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of a CPP structure MR reading element according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the CPP structure MR read element according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of a CPP structure MR reading element according to a modification of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of a CPP structure MR reading element according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the CPP structure MR read element according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of a CPP structure MR reading element according to a modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the CPP structure MR read element according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 6 and showing a part of the MR read element having the CPP structure according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the CPP structure MR read element according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 6 and illustrating a part of the CPP structure MR read element according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a state of a magnetic field generated in the free magnetic layer based on a sense current.
- FIG. 21 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of a CPP structure MR reading element according to a modification of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the MR read element having the CPP structure according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 23 corresponds to FIG. 5 and shows a CPP structure MR reading according to a modification of the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a part of a take-off element.
- FIG. 24 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the CPP structure MR reading element according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the CPP structure MR reading element according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 26 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5 and showing a part of the CPP structure MR reading element according to a modification of the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a specific example of a magnetic recording medium drive, that is, an internal structure of a hard disk drive (HDD) 11.
- the HDD 11 includes, for example, a box-shaped casing main body 12 that defines a flat rectangular parallelepiped internal space.
- the accommodation space accommodates one or more magnetic disks 13 as a recording medium.
- the magnetic disk 13 is mounted on a rotating shaft of a spindle motor 14.
- the spindle motor 14 can rotate the magnetic disk 13 at a high speed such as, for example, 720 rpm or 1000 rpm.
- a lid or a cover (not shown) that seals the accommodation space between the housing body 12 and the housing body 12 is connected to the housing body 12.
- the accommodating space further accommodates Head Actuyue 15th.
- the head actuator 15 is rotatably connected to a vertically extending support shaft 16.
- the head actuator 15 is composed of a plurality of actuators 17 extending horizontally from the support shaft 16 and a head 17 attached to the tip of each actuator arm 17.
- a head suspension assembly 18 extending forward.
- the actuator arms 17 are installed on the front and back surfaces of the magnetic disk 13, respectively.
- the head suspension assembly 18 has a load beam 19.
- the load beam 19 is connected to the front end of the actuator arm 17 in a so-called elastic bending area.
- the predetermined bending force acts on the front end of the mouthpiece beam 19 toward the surface of the magnetic disk 13 by the function of the elastic bending region.
- the flying heads Lidar 21 is supported.
- the flying head slider 21 is received by a gimbal (not shown) fixed to the open beam 19 so as to be able to change its attitude.
- a positive pressure that is, a buoyancy and a negative pressure act on the flying head slider 21 by the action of the airflow, as described later.
- the flying head slider 21 can keep flying with relatively high rigidity during the rotation of the magnetic disk 13.
- a power source 22 such as a voice coil motor (VCM) is connected to the actuator arm 17.
- VCM voice coil motor
- the actuator arm 17 can rotate around the support shaft 16.
- the movement of the head suspension assembly 18 is realized based on the rotation of the arm 17 as described above.
- the flying head slider 21 can cross the surface of the magnetic disk 13 in the radial direction. Based on such movement, the flying head slider 21 is positioned at a desired recording track.
- FIG. 2 shows a specific example of the flying head slider 21.
- the flying head slider 21 includes a slider body 23 formed, for example, in a flat rectangular parallelepiped.
- the slider body 23 faces the magnetic disk 13 on the medium facing surface, that is, the flying surface 24.
- the air bearing surface 24 defines a flat base surface, that is, a reference surface.
- an airflow 25 acts on the flying surface 24 from the front end to the rear end of the slider body 23.
- the slider body 2 for example, A 1 2 0 3 - and T i C (AlTiC) made of a base material 2 3 a, is laminated on the trailing end surface of the base material 2 3 a, A 1 2 0 3 (alumina And the head element built-in film 23b.
- a rear rail 27 rising from the base surface is formed. So-called ABS (air bearing surfaces) 28, 29 are defined on the top surfaces of the front rail 26 and the rear rail 27. The air inflow ends of ABS 28 and 29 are connected to the top surfaces of rails 26 and 27 at steps 31 and 32, respectively.
- W air bearing surfaces
- An electromagnetic transducer that is, a read / write head element 33 is mounted on the slider body 23.
- the read / write head element 33 is embedded in the alumina film 23b of the slider body 23.
- the read gap and write gap of the read / write head element 33 are exposed by the ABS 29 of the rear rail 27.
- a DLC (diamond-like carbon) protective film covering the front end of the read / write head 33 may be formed on the surface of the ABS 29.
- the details of the read / write head element 33 will be described later.
- the form of the flying head slider 21 is not limited to such a form.
- FIG. 3 shows the air bearing surface 24 in detail.
- the read / write head element 33 includes a thin-film magnetic head, that is, an inductive write head element 34, and a CPP structure electromagnetic transducer, that is, a CPP structure magnetoresistive (MR) read element 35.
- the inductive write head element 34 can write binary information on the magnetic disk 13 using, for example, a magnetic field generated by a conductive coil pattern (not shown).
- the CPP structure MR reading element 35 can detect binary information based on the resistance that changes according to the magnetic field acting on the magnetic disk 13.
- the inductive write head element 34 includes an upper pole layer 38 that exposes the front end with ABS 29, and a lower pole layer 39 that similarly exposes the front end with ABS 29.
- the upper and lower pole layers 38, 39 may be formed of, for example, FeN or NiFe.
- the upper and lower pole layers 38, 39 cooperate to form a magnetic core of the inductive write head element 34. For example A 1 2 ⁇ 3 between the upper and lower magnetic pole layers 38, 39 ( ⁇ W 200
- the CPP structure MR reading element 35 includes an alumina film 37, that is, a lower electrode 42 extending along the surface of the base insulating layer.
- the lower electrode 42 may have not only conductivity but also soft magnetism.
- the lower electrode 42 is made of a conductive soft magnetic material such as permalloy (NiFe alloy)
- the lower electrode 42 simultaneously functions as a lower shield layer of the CPP structure MR reading element 35. can do.
- a flat surface 43 is defined on the surface of the lower electrode 42. 1
- An electromagnetic conversion film, that is, a magnetoresistive (MR) film 44 is laminated on the flattened surface 43.
- the MR film 44 extends rearward along the surface of the lower electrode 42 from the medium facing surface, that is, the front end facing the ABS 29.
- the lower electrode 42 contacts the lower boundary surface 44 a of the MR film 44 at least at the front end exposed at the ABS 29. Thus, an electrical connection is established between the MR film 44 and the lower electrode 42. Details of
- a pair of magnetic domain control films extending along the ABS 29, that is, a magnetic domain control hard film 45 is formed on the flattened surface 43.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 sandwiches the MR film 44 along the ABS 29 on the flat surface 43.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be formed of a metal material such as C0Pt or CoCrPt.
- a bias magnetic field is established between the magnetic domain control hard films 45 along one direction across the MR film 44. When a bias magnetic field is formed based on the magnetization of the magnetic domain control hard film 45, the direction of magnetization of the free magnetic layer (freelayer) in the MR film 44 is controlled. Details of the magnetic domain control hard film 45 will be described later.
- An upper terminal piece 46 is formed on the upper boundary surface 4 b of the MR film 44.
- the upper terminal piece 46 is embedded in the covering insulating film 47 spreading on the surface of the flattened surface 4.3.
- the insulating magnetic film 47 sandwiches the magnetic domain control film 45 between itself and the lower electrode 42.
- the upper terminal piece 46 is exposed adjacent to the ABS 29 in the covering insulating film 47.
- the upper electrode 48 extends on the surface of the upper terminal piece 46 and the covering insulating layer 47.
- the upper electrode 48 must be in contact with the upper terminal strip 46 at least at the front end exposed by ABS 29. W 200
- the upper electrode 48 is made of a conductive soft magnetic material such as permalloy (NiFe alloy), the upper electrode 48 can simultaneously function as an upper shield layer of the CPP structure MR read element 35.
- FIG. 4 shows a specific example of the MR film 44.
- This MR film 44 is configured as a so-called spin valve film. That is, in the MR film 44, the Ta underlayer 51, the magnetization direction constraining layer (pinning layer), ie, the antiferromagnetic layer 52, the fixed magnetic layer (pinning line) 53, the intermediate conductive layer 54, The free side magnetic layer 55 and the conductive protection layer 56 are sequentially superimposed.
- the magnetization of the fixed magnetic layer 53 is fixed in one direction according to the function of the antiferromagnetic layer 52.
- the antiferromagnetic layer 52 may be formed of an antiferromagnetic alloy material such as IrMn or PdPtMn.
- the fixed magnetic layer 53 may be made of a ferromagnetic material such as CoFe.
- the intermediate conductive layer 54 may be composed of, for example, a Cu layer.
- the free magnetic layer 55 is composed of, for example, a NiFe layer 55a laminated on the surface of the intermediate conductive layer 54, and a C0Fe layer 55b laminated on the surface of the NiFe layer 55a.
- the conductive protective layer 56 may be composed of, for example, an Au layer or a Pt layer.
- a so-called tunnel junction film may be used for the MR film 44.
- an intermediate insulating layer may be interposed between the fixed magnetic layer 53 and the free magnetic layer 55 instead of the intermediate conductive layer 54 described above.
- These intermediate insulating layer may be made of A 1 2 ⁇ three layers if example embodiment.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows a structure of a magnetoresistive (MR) read element 35 having a CPP structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- MR magnetoresistive
- the second region 45b is set to have a larger film thickness than the first region 45a.
- the thickness of the magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be gradually increased, for example, from the front end to the rear end. That is, an inclined surface inclined with respect to the flattened surface 43 may be formed on the surface of the magnetic domain control hard film 45.
- a first bias magnetic field 58 having a first magnetic field strength is formed across the MR film 44 along the front end of the MR film 44.
- a second bias magnetic field 59 having a second magnetic field strength crossing the MR film 44 is formed along the rear end of the MR film 44.
- the second magnetic field strength is set higher than the first magnetic field strength.
- the magnetic field strength of the bias magnetic field established between the first and second regions 45a and 45b may be set in a range between the first and second magnetic field strengths.
- a sense current flows through the MR film 44.
- a sense current is supplied from the lower electrode 42 to the MR film 44, as shown in FIG. 7, in the free magnetic layer 55, as shown in FIG.
- An annular magnetic field or current magnetic field is formed around which rotates in one direction. In this one horizontal section, the intensity of the current magnetic field increases with the distance from the center.
- the sense current flows with a large sense current value, the intensity of the current magnetic field increases.
- the current magnetic field is superimposed in the opposite direction to the second bias magnetic field 59.
- the second bias magnetic field 59 cancels the current magnetic field.
- FIG. 8 for example, in the free magnetic layer 55, a single magnetic domain can be realized in one direction along the ABS29.
- the current magnetic field is superposed in the same direction as the first bias magnetic field 58, so that the signal magnetic field acting on the MR film 44 from the magnetic disk 13 is The magnetic layer can rotate sufficiently in the free side magnetic layer 55 depending on the direction. When the magnetic layer in the free magnetic layer 55 rotates in this manner, the electric resistance of the MR film 44 changes greatly.
- the level of the voltage extracted from the upper electrode 48 changes according to the change in electrical resistance.
- Binary information can be read in response to this level change. That is, according to the CPP structure reading element 35 of the present invention, a sense current can flow through the MR film 44 with a large current value. Moreover, sufficient sensitivity can be ensured with the MR film 44.
- a method of manufacturing the MR read element 35 having the above-described CPP structure will be briefly described.
- a magnetic film having a uniform film thickness is formed on the lower electrode 42, that is, on the flattened surface 43.
- Magnetic! Milling is performed on a huge surface based on a focused ion beam (FIB).
- the surface of the magnetic film is cut into an inclined surface based on the scanning of the focused ion beam.
- the irradiation amount of the focused ion beam may be adjusted.
- the magnetic domain control film 45 is formed on the lower electrode 42.
- the present inventors have examined the relationship between the thickness of the magnetic domain control hard film and the magnetic field strength of the bias magnetic field.
- the inventor ran magnetic field measurement software on a computer.
- the thickness of the magnetic domain control hard film was set uniformly.
- the thickness of the magnetic domain control hard films was individually set in the range of 20 nm to 50 nm.
- the intensity of the bias magnetic field was calculated at the front end of the MR film and at an intermediate point between the front end and the rear end of the MR film.
- FIG. 9 it was confirmed that as the thickness of the magnetic domain control hard film was increased, the bias magnetic field was increased.
- a larger bias magnetic field was formed at the center in the front-rear direction than at the front end.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 is plane-symmetric with respect to one plane 61 extending parallel to the flattened surface 43. May be formed. Such a magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be received by the nonmagnetic layer 62 extending on the flattened surface 43.
- the surface of the nonmagnetic layer 62 may be formed with an inclined surface that gradually approaches the flat surface 43 as the distance from the ABS 29 increases.
- a magnetic field intensity distribution is formed along a plane parallel to the ABS29.
- the bias magnetic field shows the maximum intensity at the center of this distribution. If the magnetic domain control film 45 is formed to be plane-symmetric with respect to the plane 61, the center position of the distribution can be arranged on the plane of symmetry, ie, the plane 61.
- the bias magnetic field can exert its maximum strength on the plane 61. Therefore, if the free magnetic layer 55 in the MR film 44 is arranged on the plane 61, the bias magnetic field can act on the free magnetic layer 55 with the maximum strength.
- a non-magnetic film having a uniform thickness is formed on the lower electrode 42, that is, on the flattened surface 43. Milling may be performed on the surface of the nonmagnetic film based on the aforementioned focused ion beam. Thus, an inclined surface is formed on the surface of the nonmagnetic layer 62. Thereafter, a magnetic film having a uniform thickness is formed on the nonmagnetic layer 62. As described above, the surface of the magnetic film is cut into an inclined surface based on the scanning of the focused ion beam. Thus, the magnetic domain control is provided on the lower electrode 42. A hard film 45 is formed.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows the structure of a CPP structure MR read element 35a according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 has a first region 45a having a first film thickness and a second region having a second film thickness larger than the first film thickness. 4 5b are formed. The surface of the first region 45a and the surface of the second region 45b are connected to each other by a step.
- a first bias magnetic field 58 having a first magnetic field strength is formed along the front end of the MR film 44 as described above.
- a second bias magnetic field 59 having a second magnetic field strength larger than the first magnetic field strength is formed.
- a magnetic film having a uniform thickness is formed on the lower electrode 42, that is, the flattened surface 43.
- a resist film is formed on the magnetic film.
- a void is formed in the resist film in the shape of the first region 45a.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 is, as shown in FIG. 12, for example, as shown in FIG. It may be formed symmetrically.
- the first region 45 a may be received by the nonmagnetic layer 64 extending on the flattened surface 43.
- the second region 45b only needs to be directly received on the flattened surface 43. If the free magnetic layer 55 in the MR film 44 is arranged on the plane 63, the bias magnetic field can act on the free magnetic layer 55 with the maximum strength.
- the sputtering method may be performed based on the resist film.
- a resist 1 and a film are formed on the lower electrode 42.
- a void is formed that imitates the nonmagnetic layer 64.
- the non-magnetic layer 64 is formed in this gap.
- the resist film is removed.
- a magnetic film having a uniform film thickness is formed on the lower electrode 42 and the nonmagnetic layer 63.
- the etching process is performed on the surface of the magnetic film based on the resist film. What is necessary is just to implement.
- FIG. 13 schematically shows the structure of a CPP structure MR read element 35b according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the CPP structure MR read element 35 includes a front membrane 65 extending rearward from the ABS 29 and a rear membrane 66 extending rearward from the rear end of the front membrane 65.
- the front side J3 is composed of a first composition material having a first residual magnetic flux density.
- the front film 65 corresponds to the first region 45a.
- the rear film 66 is made of a second composition material having a second residual magnetic flux density larger than the first residual magnetic flux density.
- the back film 66 corresponds to the second region 45b.
- the first and second composition materials may be made of a magnetic material containing at least one of Fe, Ni and Fe.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 has a uniform film thickness. Since the first region 45a is made of the first composition material, the first bias magnetic field 58 of the first magnetic field strength is established along the front end of the MR film 44 as described above. Since the second region 45 b is made of the second composition material, a second bias magnetic field 59 having a second magnetic field strength larger than the first magnetic field strength is established at the rear end of the MR film 44.
- a sputtering method may be performed based on the resist film.
- a resist film is formed on the lower electrode 42.
- a void is formed in the resist film in the shape of the front film 65.
- the front film 65 having the first residual magnetic flux density is formed in this gap.
- the resist film is removed.
- a resist film is formed on the front film 65.
- the rear film 66 having the second residual magnetic flux density is formed.
- the resist film is removed.
- FIG. 14 schematically illustrates the structure of an MR read element 35c having a CPP structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- the CPP structure MR read element 35c includes a first underlayer 67 receiving the first region 45a, and a second underlayer 68 receiving the second region 45b.
- a Cr film or a TaCr film may be used for the first and second underlayers 67 and 68.
- the first underlayer 67 controls the grain size and crystal orientation of the crystal grains in the first region 45a. Based on such control, the residual magnetic flux density can be controlled in the first region 45a.
- the second underlayer 68 has a grain size and crystal size of the crystal grains of the second region 45b. Control the crystal orientation.
- the residual magnetic flux density can be controlled in the second region 45b.
- a smaller particle size is established in the second region 45b than in the first region 45a.
- the first bias magnetic field 58 of the first magnetic field strength is established along the front end of the MR film 44.
- a second bias magnetic field 59 having a second magnetic field strength larger than the first magnetic field strength is established.
- the first and second underlayers 67 and 68 may be formed based on a resist film, for example. Subsequently, a magnetic film is formed on the surfaces of the first and second underlayers 67, 68. In forming the film, for example, a well-known sputtering method may be performed. In the magnetic film, crystal grains grow based on the crystal grains of the first and second underlayers 67 and 68. The residual magnetic flux density of the magnetic film changes based on the crystal grain size. Different residual magnetic flux densities are established in the first and second regions 45a and 45b. Thus, the magnetic domain control hard film 45 is formed.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 has a flat surface 69 extending parallel to the flat surface 43. It may be formed in plane symmetry.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be received by the first and second underlayers 67 and 68 in the same manner as described above. On the surfaces of the first and second underlayers 67 and 68, an inclined surface gradually approaching the flattened surface 43 as far away from the ABS 29 may be formed.
- the free magnetic layer 55 in the MR film 44 is arranged on the plane 69, the free magnetic layer 55
- the bias magnetic field can work with the minimum strength.
- the first and second underlayers 67 and 68 are formed based on the resist film as described above. Thereafter, milling based on the focused ion beam is performed on the surfaces of the first and second underlayers 67 and 68. Thus, an inclined surface inclined with respect to the flattened surface 43 is formed on the surfaces of the first and second underlayers 67 and 68. Thereafter, a magnetic film is formed on the surfaces of the first and second underlayers 67, 68. In forming the film, a known sputtering method may be performed. In the magnetic film, crystal grains grow based on the crystal grains of the first and second underlayers 67 and 68.
- FIG. 16 schematically illustrates the structure of a CPP structure MR read element 35d according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- the rear end of the magnetic domain control hard film 45 is disposed behind the rear end of the MR film 44.
- the distance from the ABS 29 to the rear end of the MR film 44 is set to about half the distance from the ABS 29 to the rear end of the magnetic domain control hard film 45. Therefore, the second region 45 b is formed at the center of the magnetic domain control hard film 45 in the front-rear direction.
- a uniform film thickness is set in the magnetic domain control hard film 45.
- the MR film 44 generated a larger bias magnetic field at the midpoint in the front-rear direction in the front-rear direction than the front end facing the ABS 29. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 17, at the rear end of the MR film 44, a second pass magnetic field having a second magnetic field strength larger than the first magnetic field strength of the first region 45a may be established. it can.
- FIG. 18 schematically shows the structure of a CPP structure MR read element 35e according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- a first region 45c and a second region 45d are formed in the magnetic domain control hard film 45.
- the second region 45d is set to have a smaller film thickness than the first region 45c.
- the thickness of Ji of the magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be gradually reduced, for example, from the front end to the rear end. That is, an inclined surface inclined with respect to the flattened surface 43 may be formed on the surface of the magnetic domain control hard film 45.
- a first bias magnetic field 71 having a first magnetic field strength crossing the MR film 44 is formed along the front end of the MR film 44.
- a second bias magnetic field 72 having a second magnetic field strength is formed across the MR film 44 along the rear end of the MR film 44.
- the second magnetic field strength is set smaller than the first magnetic field strength.
- the magnetic field strength of the bias magnetic field established between the first and second regions 45c and 45d may be set in a range between the first and second magnetic field strengths.
- a sense current flows through the MR film 44.
- a sense current is supplied from the upper electrode 48 to the MR film 44, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 7
- Cross section An annular magnetic field or a current magnetic field that rotates in one direction about its center on the surface is formed.
- the intensity of the current magnetic field increases according to the distance from the center.
- the sense current flows with a large sense current value, the intensity of the current magnetic field increases.
- the current magnetic field is superposed in the opposite direction to the first bias magnetic field 71.
- the first bias magnetic field 71 cancels the current magnetic field.
- the free side magnetic layer 55 As a result, in the free side magnetic layer 55, a single magnetic domain can be realized in one direction along the ABS29.
- the current magnetic field is superimposed in the same direction as the second bias magnetic field 72, so that the signal magnetic field acting on the MR film 44 from the magnetic disk 13
- the magnetization can be sufficiently rotated in the free magnetic layer 55 according to the direction of the magnetic field.
- a sense current can flow through the MR film 44 with a large current value.
- sufficient sensitivity can be ensured with the MR film 44.
- the magnetic domain control film 45 is formed symmetrically with respect to one plane 61 extending parallel to the flattened surface 43. You may. Such a magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be received by the nonmagnetic layer 62 extending on the flattened surface 43. A step connecting the surface of the first region 45a and the surface of the second region 45b may be formed on the surface of the nonmagnetic layer 62.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 has a first region 45 c having a first thickness and a first region 45 c smaller than the first thickness.
- a second region 45d having a thickness of 2 may be formed. The first and second regions 45c, 45d have surfaces parallel to the planarization surface 43. The surface of the first region 45c and the surface of the second region 45d are interconnected by a step.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be formed symmetrically with respect to one plane 63 extending parallel to the flattened surface 43. Such a magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be received by the non-magnetic layer 64 spreading on the flattened surface 43.
- the surface of the first region 45c and the surface of the second region 45d are mutually connected by a step.
- the CPP structure MR reading element 35 g has a front membrane 73 extending rearward from the ABS 29 and a rear membrane 74 extending rearward from the rear end of the front membrane 71. Is provided.
- the front film 73 is made of a first composition material having a first residual magnetic flux density. Is done.
- the front film 74 corresponds to the first region 45c.
- the rear film 74 is made of a second composition material having a second residual magnetic flux density smaller than the first residual magnetic flux density.
- the posterior membrane 74 corresponds to the second region 45d.
- the CPP structure MR reading element 35 h includes a first underlayer 75 that receives the first area 45 c and a second underlayer 76 that receives the second area 45 d.
- the first underlayer 75 controls the grain size and crystal orientation of the crystal grains in the first region 45c. Based on such control, the residual magnetic flux density can be controlled in the first region 45c.
- the second underlayer 76 controls the grain size and crystal orientation of the crystal grains in the second region 45b. Based on such control, the residual magnetic flux density can be controlled in the second region 45d. However, a larger particle size is established in the second region 45b than in the first region 45a.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 corresponds to one plane 69 extending parallel to the flattened surface 43. And may be formed in plane symmetry.
- the magnetic domain control hard film 45 may be received by the first and second underlayers 75 and 76 in the same manner as described above.
- an inclined surface that gradually moves away from the flattened surface 43 as far away from the ABS 29 may be formed.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004570120A JP4316508B2 (ja) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびヘッドスライダ |
PCT/JP2003/003797 WO2004088763A1 (ja) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびヘッドスライダ |
AU2003227250A AU2003227250A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Cpp structure magnetoresistance effect device and head slider |
CNB038228807A CN100456511C (zh) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Cpp结构的磁阻效应设备和磁头滑块 |
US11/072,571 US7355825B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2005-03-04 | Current-perpendicular-to-the-plane structure magnetoresistive element and head slider |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2003/003797 WO2004088763A1 (ja) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびヘッドスライダ |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/072,571 Continuation US7355825B2 (en) | 2003-03-27 | 2005-03-04 | Current-perpendicular-to-the-plane structure magnetoresistive element and head slider |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2004088763A1 true WO2004088763A1 (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
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PCT/JP2003/003797 WO2004088763A1 (ja) | 2003-03-27 | 2003-03-27 | Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびヘッドスライダ |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7355825B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4316508B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100456511C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003227250A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004088763A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010277621A (ja) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-09 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | 磁気抵抗効果ヘッド及び磁気記録再生装置 |
JP2011119005A (ja) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-16 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | 磁気ヘッド及びその製造方法 |
JP2013080551A (ja) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-05-02 | Seagate Technology Llc | 短絡比が調整された装置およびセンサならびに短絡比を調整する方法 |
Families Citing this family (8)
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US8208230B2 (en) * | 2008-04-10 | 2012-06-26 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | Binary output reader structure (BORS) with high utilization rate |
JP2010134997A (ja) * | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-17 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | Cpp構造の磁気抵抗効果型ヘッド |
US8582250B2 (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2013-11-12 | Seagate Technology Llc | Double biasing for trilayer MR sensors |
US8902544B2 (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-12-02 | HGST Netherlands B.V. | Spin torque oscillator (STO) reader with soft magnetic side shields |
US9053735B1 (en) | 2014-06-20 | 2015-06-09 | Western Digital (Fremont), Llc | Method for fabricating a magnetic writer using a full-film metal planarization |
US9886974B2 (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-02-06 | Seagate Technology Llc | Read head free layer having front and rear portions biased at different levels |
US10319398B2 (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-06-11 | Headway Technologies, Inc. | Tapered junction shield for self-compensation of asymmetry with increasing aspect ratio for tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR) type read head |
US10614838B2 (en) | 2018-08-23 | 2020-04-07 | Seagate Technology Llc | Reader with side shields decoupled from a top shield |
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JPH08147633A (ja) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-06-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 磁気抵抗効果ヘッド |
JP2002171013A (ja) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-14 | Sony Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子および磁気抵抗効果型磁気ヘッド |
JP2002329905A (ja) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-15 | Fujitsu Ltd | Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびその製造方法 |
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US5668688A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1997-09-16 | Quantum Peripherals Colorado, Inc. | Current perpendicular-to-the-plane spin valve type magnetoresistive transducer |
JP3249052B2 (ja) * | 1996-09-19 | 2002-01-21 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 磁気抵抗効果素子およびその製造方法とその素子を備えた磁気ヘッド |
JP2003006817A (ja) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-10 | Toshiba Corp | 磁気ヘッド及び磁気再生装置 |
JP4564706B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-13 | 2010-10-20 | 株式会社日立グローバルストレージテクノロジーズ | 磁気抵抗効果磁気ヘッド及び磁気記録装置 |
-
2003
- 2003-03-27 JP JP2004570120A patent/JP4316508B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-27 AU AU2003227250A patent/AU2003227250A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-03-27 CN CNB038228807A patent/CN100456511C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-27 WO PCT/JP2003/003797 patent/WO2004088763A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2005
- 2005-03-04 US US11/072,571 patent/US7355825B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JPH08147633A (ja) * | 1994-11-18 | 1996-06-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 磁気抵抗効果ヘッド |
JP2002171013A (ja) * | 2000-12-04 | 2002-06-14 | Sony Corp | 磁気抵抗効果素子および磁気抵抗効果型磁気ヘッド |
JP2002329905A (ja) * | 2001-05-02 | 2002-11-15 | Fujitsu Ltd | Cpp構造磁気抵抗効果素子およびその製造方法 |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2010277621A (ja) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-09 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | 磁気抵抗効果ヘッド及び磁気記録再生装置 |
JP2011119005A (ja) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-06-16 | Hitachi Global Storage Technologies Netherlands Bv | 磁気ヘッド及びその製造方法 |
JP2013080551A (ja) * | 2011-09-13 | 2013-05-02 | Seagate Technology Llc | 短絡比が調整された装置およびセンサならびに短絡比を調整する方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7355825B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
CN1685536A (zh) | 2005-10-19 |
US20050146813A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
JPWO2004088763A1 (ja) | 2006-07-06 |
CN100456511C (zh) | 2009-01-28 |
JP4316508B2 (ja) | 2009-08-19 |
AU2003227250A1 (en) | 2004-10-25 |
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