WO2004073220A1 - Empfänger und verfahren zum betreiben eines empfänger - Google Patents
Empfänger und verfahren zum betreiben eines empfänger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004073220A1 WO2004073220A1 PCT/EP2003/012522 EP0312522W WO2004073220A1 WO 2004073220 A1 WO2004073220 A1 WO 2004073220A1 EP 0312522 W EP0312522 W EP 0312522W WO 2004073220 A1 WO2004073220 A1 WO 2004073220A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- receiver
- oscillator
- frequency
- clock
- transmitter
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
- H04L12/40—Bus networks
- H04L12/40052—High-speed IEEE 1394 serial bus
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/02—Details
- H04J3/06—Synchronising arrangements
- H04J3/0635—Clock or time synchronisation in a network
- H04J3/0638—Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation
- H04J3/0658—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes
- H04J3/0661—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes using timestamps
- H04J3/0664—Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes using timestamps unidirectional timestamps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to receivers and, more particularly, to synchronizing many receivers to a master clock.
- Every point that is captured by a wave is the starting point of an elementary wave that propagates in a spherical or circular manner.
- a large number of loudspeakers that are arranged next to each other can be used to simulate any shape of an incoming wavefront.
- the audio signals of each loudspeaker must be fed with a time delay and amplitude scaling in such a way that the radiated sound fields of the individual loudspeakers overlap correctly. If there are several sound sources, the contribution to each loudspeaker is calculated separately for each source and the resulting signals are added. If the sources to be reproduced are in a room with reflecting walls, then reflections must also be reproduced as additional sources via the loudspeaker array. The effort involved in the calculation therefore depends heavily on the number of sound sources, the reflective properties of the recording room and the number of speakers.
- the advantage of this technique lies in the fact that a natural spatial sound impression is possible over a large area of the playback room.
- the direction and distance of sound sources are reproduced very precisely.
- virtual sound sources can even be positioned between the real speaker array and the listener.
- Typical systems operate digitally so that a sequence of digital samples is supplied to the individual speakers.
- the individual loudspeakers are synchronized with one another if all loudspeakers are operated with the same sampling clock or “resampling” clock.
- the problem of synchronization also exists in many other places in audio technology.
- a sampling clock in the transmitter which records the audio scene to be transmitted, is synchronous with the sampling clock in the receiver, which reproduces the transmitted audio scene. If the recording sampling clock and the reproduction sampling clock are not in synchronism, samples would accumulate somewhere on the transmission link if the reproduction clock is too slow, or would run out of values if the reproduction clock is too fast.
- buffers are installed so that a certain deviation, which corresponds to the buffer size, is allowed between the recording clock and the playback clock.
- Such buffers are usually installed in the receiver, with the playback in the receiver taking place with a time delay, such that playback only starts with a reception buffer filled to a certain degree.
- the recording clock and playback clock can vary within certain limits, which are determined by the buffer size.
- This clock is used to increment a cycle ti register in each node.
- the node that is defined as the cycle master transmits a cycle start packet at intervals of 125 ⁇ s, ie with a frequency of 8 kHz.
- This start packet defines the start of an isochronous cycle according to IEEE 1394.
- This packet has a value that enables the other nodes on the bus to align their cycle time registers in order to correct a drift due to slightly different clock frequencies.
- After a cycle start packet is transmitted on the bus it is subjected to a re-blocking jitter, so that there is also jitter in the cycle time register alignment.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a receiver, a receiver array and a method for operating a receiver, which is for a fixed Synchronization is suitable and works quickly and easily in the implementation.
- the present invention is based on the knowledge that phase locked loops with narrow-band loop filters, that is to say slow phase locked loops, are unsuitable for a fixed synchronization between a transmitter and a receiver and thus also between several receivers.
- synchronization is carried out on the basis of reference entries contained in a data stream, a reference entry having information about a number of clock periods which a clock oscillator in the transmitter has carried out since a previous reference entry.
- a device for detecting a number of clock periods, which a receiver clock oscillator provided in the receiver executes in a specifiable time period, is provided in the receiver itself.
- a reference entry is extracted from the data stream, whereupon the vibrations carried out by the reception clock oscillator in the specified time period are compared with the value contained in the reference entry of the data stream about the number of vibrations that the transmitter has carried out in the corresponding time period. to adjust the receiver clock oscillator based on this comparison.
- no direct feedback is carried out with a very narrow loop filter in order to get the jitter problem under control.
- the reception clock oscillator is readjusted on the basis of information contained in the data stream and on the basis of information likewise derived in the receiver with respect to the frequencies of the transmitter oscillator and the reception clock oscillator.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous in that it ensures transparent oscillator tracking in the receiver, which is not only fixed over time, like a slow phase-locked loop. Instead, a transparent receiver tracking is created for each new reference entry in the data stream. This transparency is crucial for a receiver array to keep all receivers in a fixed relationship to one another without the receivers having to be synchronized with one another. This is accomplished by having all receivers readjust their individual oscillators using the same reference entry in the data stream coming from a master node. This maintains a fixed relationship between the transmitter and the receiver at the same time, so that there are no difficulties with audible artifacts and sample slips.
- the receiver according to the invention is simple and therefore inexpensive to implement, since only logic circuits as counters and comparators and, in the preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention, only a digital-to-analog converter is required in order to generate the analog control signal for the controllable oscillator.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that because of the ease of implementation and the fact that no slow elements such as a slow phase locked loop etc. are used Tracking of the oscillator takes place very quickly.
- Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an inventive
- FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a receiver array in a transmitter / receiver scenario
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical clock control concept; and Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a receiver according to the invention according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the data stream comes from a transmitter and comprises a first reference entry and a second reference entry following in time.
- the second reference entry includes information about a number of clock periods that a clock oscillator in the transmitter has carried out since the first reference entry.
- the receiver further comprises a device 12 for receiving and retrieving at least the first and the second reference entry, information about the first and the second reference entry being output at an output 13. Payload data in the data stream, which are also received and retrieved by the device 12, are output at an output 14 of the device 12.
- the receiver further comprises a clock period detection 15, which is preferably designed as a counter and has a start / stop input which is connected to the reference entry line 13.
- a controllable oscillator 16 is provided, which is provided by a device 17 for comparing the number of periods in the second reference entry with an output value from the clock period detection 15, which determines the number of periods of the controllable oscillator 16 between the first and the second reference. reproduces border entry, delivers.
- the controllable oscillator 16 comprises a clock output 18 which is coupled to the clock period detection device 15 so that the latter can count the clock periods of the output clock of the controllable oscillator 16.
- the output clock of the controllable oscillator 18 can either be used directly as a data clock in order to be fed to the device 12 for receiving and recovering. typical However, the data clock with which the payload data (at the output 14) is output will be significantly lower than the operating clock of the controllable oscillator.
- an optional divider 19 is provided in order to derive a reproduction clock at an output 20 from the clock of the controllable oscillator 16.
- the clock divider 19 can divide by any rational number x. For integer divider ratios, i.e.
- the divider can be designed particularly simply as a direct frequency divider.
- a phase locked loop can be used for non-integer divider ratios. Due to the fact that jitter damping has already been carried out by the concept according to the invention, the phase-locked loop for dividing in device 19 will be designed as a very fast phase-locked loop without special jitter damping. In other words, if it has a loop filter at all, it will have a loop filter that has a significantly higher cut-off frequency than the jitter frequency of the controllable oscillator 16.
- the controllable oscillator 16 is preferably designed as a voltage-controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO), which itself works very precisely and therefore only has to be adjusted by small amounts.
- VXO voltage-controlled crystal oscillator
- the concept of driving the oscillator according to the invention can also be applied to less precisely operating oscillators.
- digital oscillators with an odd number of feedback inverters could be used, the clock frequency of such an oscillator being determined by an operating current and not by an operating voltage.
- Each controllable oscillator has a characteristic curve through which an output frequency is uniquely assigned to a control signal.
- the control signal will typically be an analog control signal generated by the means 17 for comparing and driving by the same on the output side typically has a digital-to-analog converter, which on the output side supplies a current or a voltage which clearly corresponds to a digital value supplied on the input side.
- the data stream is defined in accordance with the IEEE 1394 format, so that it contains reference entries in an 8 kHz clock, that is to say with a spacing of 125 ⁇ s.
- Each reference entry is generated in such a way that a counter is provided in the transmitter, which operates as follows. Its maximum count, after which it switches to zero, is 3072, which corresponds nominally to 125 ⁇ s. If everything runs perfectly, the counter always starts with zero and transfers z. B. the timestamp from zero in the data stream. On the other hand, if there is jitter, the counter will sometimes embed non-zero time stamps in the data stream, e.g. B. 3070 or 2.
- the output value at the time of the next time stamp event is written in a next reference entry.
- the counter in the transmitter oscillator continues to count unimpressed, and counts the number of transmitter clock oscillator periods until the next reference entry is generated. It should be pointed out that in the ideal case the counter always starts at zero, that is to say is automatically reset to a certain extent with each reference entry due to its maximum count size. This is not absolutely necessary for any counter, as long as the counter in the transmitter and in the receiver are matched to one another in such a way that the receiver can interpret the count value of the transmitter for synchronization purposes.
- the receiver is designed accordingly such that it includes the oscillator 16 and the clock period detection device 15, which is preferably also designed as a counter.
- the clock period detection device 15 is started.
- the device 12 for receiving and retrieving a next reference entry detects the clock period detection device is stopped.
- the counter value then displayed is fed to the device 17, which at the same time comprises the number of oscillator periods of the transmitter oscillator which is in the second reference entry.
- a comparison immediately shows whether the controllable oscillator 16 in the receiver is faster (the clock period detection device has detected a larger count than is stated in the second reference entry) or whether the controllable oscillator 16 is slower than the corresponding oscillator in the transmitter (the clock period detection device has a smaller value than determined in the second reference entry).
- the device 17 is designed for comparison in order to readjust the controllable oscillator by a fixed increment which is constant in size or decreases from adjustment action to adjustment action up to a certain small value.
- the device 17 for comparing and controlling is preferably designed to carry out a quantitatively correct readjustment.
- the means 17 for comparing z. B. calculate a percentage ratio between the number of periods in the reference entry and the number of periods detected by the clock detection device and readjust the controllable oscillator on the basis of this percentage ratio such that the frequency that the transmitter oscillator between the had the first reference entry and the second reference entry, is simulated directly by the controllable oscillator 16 in the receiver.
- the device 17 is further adapted to compare and driving, in order to have information on the characteristic of the tax-trollable oscillator 16 to correct Steuersi ⁇ gnalver selectedung to calculate, which leads to a through Ver ⁇ equalization scheme determined desired percentage change in the oscillator frequency .
- the nominal frequencies of the transmitter clock oscillator and the receiver clock oscillator 16 need not necessarily be the same.
- the device 12 for receiving and recovering would be designed to halve the number of periods in a reference entry and then to carry out the comparison with the halved value and on the basis of the comparison readjust the oscillator. Any combinations of nominal receiver oscillator frequencies and nominal transmitter oscillator frequencies can thus be carried out.
- a deterministic offset can be contained in the reference entry. Such an offset could also be contained in the number of periods determined by the clock period detection device. As long as such an offset is periodic, it can be easily eliminated by the device 17 when comparing or calculating the control variable.
- FIG. 4 shows a receiver according to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which the controllable oscillator 16 is designed as a quartz VCO, in which the device 12 for receiving and recovering is designed as an IEEE 1394 receiver, in which the clock period detection device 15 is designed as a counter and the device 17 for comparing and controlling FIG. 1 comprises a comparator 17a and a downstream digital-to-analog converter 17b in order to supply the quartz VCO with an analog voltage value for frequency control.
- the controllable oscillator 16 is designed as a quartz VCO
- the device 12 for receiving and recovering is designed as an IEEE 1394 receiver
- the clock period detection device 15 is designed as a counter
- the device 17 for comparing and controlling FIG. 1 comprises a comparator 17a and a downstream digital-to-analog converter 17b in order to supply the quartz VCO with an analog voltage value for frequency control.
- the local counter 15 thus counts the pulses from the local quartz VCO 16 as the local clock.
- Counter 15 is periodically compared with the received counter value.
- the mismatch between the local Counter value and the received counter is used to set the local clock oscillator 16.
- a transmitter / multi-receiver scenario for a multi-channel audio system is shown below with reference to FIG. 2.
- the transmitter is designated 30 in FIG. 2 and receives audio data and auxiliary information for wave field synthesis on the input side.
- the transmitter comprises a wave field synthesis module 31, the transmitter oscillator 32, the reference entry generating device 33 and a data stream multiplexer 34 in order to deliver a data stream with user data for individual loudspeakers, this data stream furthermore having reference entries.
- the distance between the reference entries in the data stream is preferably periodic and is achieved in that the oscillator 32 controls the data stream multiplexer 34 whenever a reference entry is to be written into the data stream by the reference generating device 33.
- the reference generating device is designed to always count the number of clock periods of the transmitter oscillator 32 from one reference time to the next reference time, as has been shown in connection with FIG. 1.
- the scenario shown in FIG. 2 also includes a plurality of receivers E1, E2, E3,... En, all of which are designed as shown in the example of a single receiver in FIG. 1. All receivers either receive the entire data stream in which the data is for everyone Recipients are included. Alternatively, the system can also be designed in such a way that each receiver receives only the user data portion intended for it. In any case, each individual receiver receives the same sequence of reference entries from the transmitter, so that the transmitter works as a master node without intermediate hierarchy levels. A corresponding hierarchy is shown in Fig. 3.
- the master node addresses nodes 40, 42, first level, which in turn address nodes 44, 46 second level.
- the reference entries in the data stream are also used in the case of FIG. 3 by the first node 40, for example, in order to synchronize themselves.
- the same reference entry that was originally generated by the master node is in turn "passed" so that all nodes, whether they are connected in parallel, as in FIG. 2 , or that they are connected in series, as in FIG. 3, are synchronized from the same master clock.
- the jitter damping PLL in systems according to the prior art is thus avoided by bringing the system crystals of the individual nodes into harmony.
- a pullable quartz oscillator is used for all nodes except for the master node, instead of a normal quartz oscillator, which is continuously tracked so that there is as little deviation as possible between the individual nodes.
- the tracking is carried out, as has been carried out, in that each node counts the vibrations of a quartz and compares them with those of the master node.
- the method according to the invention for operating a receiver can be implemented in hardware or in software.
- the implementation can be carried out on a digital storage medium, in particular a floppy disk or CD with electronically readable control signals. len take place that can cooperate with a programmable computer system so that the method is carried out.
- the invention thus also consists in a computer program product with program code stored on a machine-readable carrier for carrying out the method according to the invention when the computer program product runs on a computer.
- the invention can thus be implemented as a computer program with a program code for carrying out the method if the computer program runs on a computer.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/546,965 US7519343B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-10 | Receiver for receiving a data stream having first and second reference entries and method for operating the same |
EP03815499A EP1563624A1 (de) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-10 | Empfänger und verfahren zum betreiben eines empfängers |
AU2003303745A AU2003303745A1 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-10 | Receiver and method for operating a receiver clock oscillator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10254405A DE10254405B3 (de) | 2002-11-21 | 2002-11-21 | Empfänger und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Empfängers |
DE10254405.0 | 2002-11-21 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004073220A1 true WO2004073220A1 (de) | 2004-08-26 |
Family
ID=32335758
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/012522 WO2004073220A1 (de) | 2002-11-21 | 2003-11-10 | Empfänger und verfahren zum betreiben eines empfänger |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7519343B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1563624A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003303745A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10254405B3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004073220A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8654868B2 (en) * | 2006-04-18 | 2014-02-18 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Offloaded processing for wireless applications |
US8406794B2 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2013-03-26 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatuses of initiating communication in wireless networks |
WO2007127878A1 (en) * | 2006-04-26 | 2007-11-08 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Dynamic distribution of device functionality and resource management |
US8289159B2 (en) | 2006-04-26 | 2012-10-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Wireless localization apparatus and method |
DE102008004819B4 (de) | 2008-01-17 | 2010-06-24 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Schaltung und Verfahren zur Detektion von Netzknotenalterung in Kommunikationsnetzen |
CN101719867B (zh) * | 2009-11-23 | 2012-07-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | 一种包交换网络中的时钟恢复方法及系统 |
EP3510738B1 (de) * | 2016-09-08 | 2021-08-25 | Lattice Semiconductor Corporation | Taktrückgewinnung und datenwiederherstellung für programmierbare logische vorrichtungen |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5128971A (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-07-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Frequency synchronization apparatus |
JP2000209240A (ja) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-07-28 | Yamaha Corp | デ―タクロック生成装置および記憶媒体 |
EP1198085A1 (de) * | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-17 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Zyklussynchronisierung zwischen miteinander verbundenen Teilnetzwerken |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9419611D0 (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1994-11-16 | Plessey Telecomm | Constant bit rate synchronisation |
US5914757A (en) * | 1997-04-21 | 1999-06-22 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Synchronization of multiple video and graphic sources with a display using a slow PLL approach |
AU2001247257A1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2001-09-17 | Avaz Networks | Method and apparatus for data rate synchronization |
DE60141982D1 (de) * | 2000-09-01 | 2010-06-10 | Broadcom Corp | Satellitenempfänger und entsprechendes verfahren |
US6639957B2 (en) * | 2002-02-14 | 2003-10-28 | Itron, Inc. | Method and system for calibrating an oscillator circuit using a network based time reference |
US6937872B2 (en) * | 2002-04-15 | 2005-08-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatuses for measuring frequencies of basestations in cellular networks using mobile GPS receivers |
US7154976B2 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2006-12-26 | Lsi Logic Corporation | Frequency controller |
TW200735535A (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-16 | Holtek Semiconductor Inc | Device of adjusting frequency built-in oscillator for USB interface and method thereof. |
-
2002
- 2002-11-21 DE DE10254405A patent/DE10254405B3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-11-10 US US10/546,965 patent/US7519343B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-11-10 AU AU2003303745A patent/AU2003303745A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-10 WO PCT/EP2003/012522 patent/WO2004073220A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-10 EP EP03815499A patent/EP1563624A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5128971A (en) * | 1991-01-14 | 1992-07-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Frequency synchronization apparatus |
JP2000209240A (ja) * | 1999-01-14 | 2000-07-28 | Yamaha Corp | デ―タクロック生成装置および記憶媒体 |
US6671343B1 (en) * | 1999-01-14 | 2003-12-30 | Yamaha Corporation | Data clock generator, data clock generating method, and storage medium therefor |
EP1198085A1 (de) * | 2000-10-10 | 2002-04-17 | Sony International (Europe) GmbH | Zyklussynchronisierung zwischen miteinander verbundenen Teilnetzwerken |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 10 17 November 2000 (2000-11-17) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1563624A1 (de) | 2005-08-17 |
AU2003303745A1 (en) | 2004-09-06 |
US7519343B2 (en) | 2009-04-14 |
DE10254405B3 (de) | 2004-06-24 |
US20070054643A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
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