Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/20—Sulfiding
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/88—Molybdenum
  • B01J23/883—Molybdenum and nickel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
  • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
  • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
  • B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
  • B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
  • B01J23/888—Tungsten
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/06—Washing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
  • B01J37/12—Oxidising
  • B01J37/14—Oxidising with gases containing free oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
  • C10G49/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00 characterised by the catalyst used
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
  • C10G2300/1014—Biomass of vegetal origin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
  • C10G2300/1018—Biomass of animal origin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
  • C10G2300/1048—Middle distillates
  • C10G2300/1051—Kerosene having a boiling range of about 180 - 230 °C
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1037—Hydrocarbon fractions
  • C10G2300/1048—Middle distillates
  • C10G2300/1059—Gasoil having a boiling range of about 330 - 427 °C
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
  • C10G2300/1074—Vacuum distillates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
  • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
  • C10G2300/301—Boiling range
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
  • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
  • C10G2300/70—Catalyst aspects
  • C10G2300/705—Passivation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
  • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for off-site passivation of a hydrocarbon hydroconversion catalyst.
• Hydrotreatment catalysts generally comprise an amorphous or crystallized oxide support such as, for example, an alumina, a silica, an alumina silica, a zeolite on which is deposited at least one element of groups VIII and VI of the periodic table or a combination of several elements from these same groups such as, for example, the solids designated CoMo / Al 2 O 3 , NiMo / Al 2 O 3 or NiW / Al 2 O 3. They must be sulphurized beforehand to give them catalytic performances for all of the hydroconversion reactions of hydrocarbons, and in particular hydrotreatment (such as, for example, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, demetallation) and of certain hydrogenations. This sulfurization step prior to the catalytic act can be carried out in two different ways.
• the second so-called off-site presulfurization (“ex-si tu”), as described in various patents of the applicant (USP4719195, USP 5397756, EP-A-785022) differs from the previous one by the fact that the sulfurization or presulfurization of the catalyst is carried out in a particular unit separate from the hydrocarbon conversion reactor and in particular located far from the place of use of said catalyst.
• the sulphide phases thus formed exhibit very high reactivity with respect to ambient air preventing their subsequent handling without additional treatment aimed at limiting this reactivity.
• This reactivity towards oxidizing atmospheres is described by a United Nations standard which defines two classes of behavior, namely a so-called pyrophoric behavior and a so-called self-heating behavior.
• the pyrophoric nature of a compound is characterized by spontaneous combustion when placed under an oxidizing atmosphere.
• the self-heating character is characterized by an elevation significant temperature resulting from rapid oxidation when the product is heated under certain conditions to a temperature of 140 ° C.
• the sulfide phase obtained at the end of these presulfurization processes appears to be self-heating; to remedy this defect and to make this phase passivated, the prior art describes methods consisting in making this sulphide phase adsorb a certain amount of oxygen. These methods have a certain effect, but sometimes insufficient. They make it possible to be in the presence of a phase which is less and less self-heating. Indeed, with the methods of the prior art, it was certainly possible in certain cases to manipulate the sulphide phase in air. On the other hand, the loading of the catalyst into the reactor in the presence of air, which can cause the catalyst to heat up because of the large mass present and result in a dangerous environment.
• the present invention relates to an improved method of passivation by heat treatment, method combining a treatment under a gas flow containing a partial pressure of oxygen (oxidizing passivation), and a treatment by incorporation of an organic liquid (generally hydrocarbon), said method conferring thus said catalyst a non-self-heating behavior according to the UN standard.
• the present invention therefore relates to the implementation of a passivation process using two treatments, after the off-site sulfurization of the catalyst.
• the invention relates to an off-site oxidative passivation process for a hydrocarbon hydroconversion catalyst in which said sulfurized catalyst is subjected to at least two treatments: bringing into contact with at least one oxidizing gas flow, and contacting with at least one organic liquid with an initial boiling point above 120 ° C. which at least partially fills the porosity of the catalyst.
• This passivation process can equally well be implemented on a catalytic charge placed in a fixed bed in a tubular reactor or on a moving catalytic charge in a movable bed unit such as a rotary oven, a fluid bed oven, a belt oven, a tumble bed oven or a rising bed device.
• a movable bed unit such as a rotary oven, a fluid bed oven, a belt oven, a tumble bed oven or a rising bed device.
• the catalyst is temperature treated under a dry or wet gas flow containing a partial oxygen pressure of at most 21.3 kPa (ie air).
• the sulfur catalyst is in a first step brought into contact with at least one oxidizing gas flow and in a second step brought into contact with said organic liquid.
• the first step is a treatment in the presence of a gas (or gas flow) containing oxygen (for example coming from dry or humid air) which can advantageously be carried out at room temperature.
• a gas or gas flow
• oxygen for example coming from dry or humid air
• the oxygen adsorption reaction on the catalyst causes an exothermic effect which it is preferable to control so that the temperature of the product remains below 50 ° C.
• One possibility is to control the partial pressures of oxygen admitted to the catalyst.
• a preferred means of the invention is to first treat the catalyst with a gas under a partial pressure of less than 8 kPa of oxygen, and secondly with a gas under a partial pressure of more than 8 kPa of oxygen.
• This second stage preferably begins with the virtual disappearance of the exothermic effect (that is to say when the temperature of the solid no longer increases or increases only slightly) or, if the operator has means to limit the temperature increase, the second stage can then start earlier.
• the oxidative passivation process can even be carried out directly with one or more gas flows, all having a partial oxygen pressure of more than 8 kPa. It can be air provided there is an adequate means to evacuate calories. This is particularly the case when the catalytic charge is placed in a moving bed, in particular in a moving bed such as in for example a rotary oven, a fluid bed oven, a belt oven, or a tumbling bed oven or a ascending bed device.
• This first passivation step in the gas phase can just as easily be carried out on a catalytic charge disposed in a fixed bed (such as in a tubular reactor).
• the second step is a treatment for impregnating at least one organic liquid (hydrocarbon or organic compound) in the porosity of the catalyst.
• the organic liquid (or the cut) will have an initial boiling point greater than 120 ° C, preferably greater than 180 ° C and better still greater than 240 ° C.
• This liquid can be a hydrocarbon liquid chosen from the group of white spirits, kerosene, gas oil, vacuum distillates, oily base (generally "lube oil” in English), wax and paraffin.
• the compound is preferably organic, containing carbon and hydrogen, and optionally heteroatoms, such as oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, for example an alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, ester, amino, amide, mercaptan, sulfide and sulfone.
• the esters particularly interesting compounds are vegetable or animal oils, triglycerides of partially unsaturated fatty acids.
• this product can be done at room temperature, or for example to facilitate the application of products which are solid at room temperature or have high viscosities, it may be desirable to heat this product to a temperature above 50 ° C, even 80 ° C. This would be the case, for example, for materials of the paraffin, petroleum wax or polyethylene wax type.
• the order of the steps is reversed, compared to the previous embodiment, that is to say said sulfur catalyst is in a first step brought into contact with said organic liquid and in a second step put in contact with at least one oxidizing gas flow.
• the contacting with said gas flow is carried out in one or more stages with one or more gas flows all having a partial oxygen pressure greater than 8 kPa.
• this or these flows are air.
• the contacting of the oxidizing gas stream (such as air) is preferably carried out in a single step by bringing said stream at high partial pressure of oxygen directly into contact with the sulfur-containing catalyst or with the impregnated sulfur-containing catalyst. All the other provisions of the previous embodiments are applicable.
• the first step of the process can advantageously be carried out in two stages, the first with a partial oxygen pressure preferably less than or equal to 8 kPa, the second, which begins when the exothermic effect disappears , with a partial oxygen pressure higher than that of the first stage and at most equal to 21.3 kPa.
• a hydrotreatment catalyst containing 18.9% by weight of molybdenum oxide and 4.2% by weight of cobalt oxide deposited on an alumina support with a large specific surface (220 m 2 / g) is sulfurized at atmospheric pressure with a mixture of composition 60 % volume of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and 40% volume of hydrogen (H).
• the sulfurization of the catalyst is obtained in two stages, the first being a phase of controlled temperature rise (5 ° C / min), the second a stage of 1.5 hours at the final sulfurization temperature of 300 ° C.
• the catalyst is cooled under a stream of nitrogen to ambient temperature. Part of the product is transferred under a nitrogen atmosphere for analysis of the sulfurization rate. The rest is isolated under nitrogen and is used to characterize the self-heating behavior and to measure the activity in diesel hydrodesulfurization.
• the self-heating test is that defined by the UN standard, which classifies dangerous products of class 4.2.
• a modified test is also used to provide more information on the sensitivity of the characterized product.
• the UN standard test a catalyst is placed in a mesh cube; in the center of this cube is introduced a thermocouple which makes it possible to record the rise in temperature of the catalyst in the center of the cube.
• the cube and thermocouple assembly is placed in a ventilated oven under air previously heated to 140 ° C. For 24 hours, the temperatures of the oven and the catalyst cube are recorded.
• the catalyst is declared to be self-heating if its temperature, during the 24 hours of testing, exceeds 200 ° C. It then belongs to the class of dangerous products, class 4.2, to the subgroup of solids 3190.
• the modified test repeats the same operating mode except that the temperature of the oven varies around 140 ° C in steps of 10 ° C, until the internal temperature of the catalyst cube no longer exceeds 200 ° C. At each temperature, a new catalyst is tested.
• the concept of critical self-heating temperature (or TCAE) is defined by the minimum temperature of the oven before the initiation of the self-heating behavior of the characterized catalyst.
• the catalyst is loaded under a nitrogen atmosphere into the reactor of a diesel hydrodesulfurization test unit.
• the catalyst is brought into operation by progressive increase of the ambient temperature to 350 ° C., in the presence of a diesel flow rate of 2 liters per liter of catalyst and per hour, at a hydrogen pressure of 3 MPa and a hydrogen flow rate expressed as a hydrogen to oil ratio of 400 L / L.
• the temperature is brought back to 330 ° C.
• the liquid effluents are collected for 15 hours, the residual sulfur level being measured by Fluorescence X and compared to the initial rate of diesel.
• the activity model uses a mathematical expression adopting a reaction order of 1.5.
• the relative mass activity (RWA) is expressed by the ratio between the activity of the catalyst tested and that of the same oxide sulfur catalyst in in situ mode by adding DMDS (dimethyl disulfide) to the liquid charge.
• Example 2 Comparative Example - Passivation of a Sulfurized Catalyst by Heat Treatment Under Dry Oxidizing Flux
• Example 2 The same catalyst as that used in Example 1 is sulfurized (same conditions as in Example 1) and purged under nitrogen at room temperature, then passive according to the procedure known as oxidative passivation at room temperature (below 30 ° C) .
• This treatment is carried out in two stages. The first consists of a treatment under dry gas flow containing a partial oxygen pressure of 7.6 kPa. The catalyst is maintained under this partial oxygen pressure until the exothermic effect linked to the chemisorption of oxygen on the sulfide phase disappears. The second step is obtained by stopping the supply of diluent gas (nitrogen) so that the partial oxygen pressure is that of dry air (21.3 kPa).
• the catalyst is left under this air flow until the exothermic effect linked to the interaction of the oxygen and the sulphide phase disappears.
• the catalyst is stored under a nitrogen atmosphere. Part of the sample is then taken under nitrogen to analyze the sulfurization rate and the oxygen content fixed during the passivation treatment. The remainder is isolated under this same atmosphere for the characterization of its self-heating behavior and for the measurement of its activity in diesel hydrodesulfurization.
• the sulfurization rate as well as the amount of oxygen chemisorbed during the passivation treatment are presented in the table below.
• the amount of chemisorbed oxygen is determined by the difference between the experimental loss on ignition measured on the passive catalyst (treatment in a muffle furnace in air at 500 ° C. for 4 hours) and the theoretical loss on ignition defined for a sulfurization rate. identical.
• catalyst SP2 uses the same test protocol as that described in Example 1.
• Example 3 Comparative Example Passivation of a Sulfurized Catalyst by Direct Incorporation of Oil
• Example 2 The same catalyst as that used in Example 1 is sulfurized according to the same procedure as that used in Example 1. At the end of the sulfurization treatment, the catalyst is purged under nitrogen at room temperature and transferred under this same atmosphere in a rotary flask kept under nitrogen. The oil impregnation is obtained on the catalyst set in motion by progressive introduction, so that the incorporation of oil in the porosity of the catalyst is as homogeneous as possible.
• the amount of oil used is 10 g of oil per 100 g of sulphide catalyst.
• the oil used (150 Neutral Solvent) is chosen from the family of mineral base oils whose main characteristics are a viscosity at 40 ° C of 16 centi-poises and a density of 0.86 g / cm3.
• the quantity of oil actually incorporated into the catalyst is defined by the variation in loss on ignition (treatment in a muffle furnace in air at 500 ° C. for 4 hours) between that measured on this impregnated catalyst and the theoretical loss on ignition defined for a same sulfurization rate.
• the SP3 catalyst thus obtained is characterized according to a methodology analogous to that of the previous examples.
• This example is analogous to the previous example 3 except that the amount of oil used is increased from 10 to 20 g per 100 g of sulfur catalyst.
• the catalyst SP4 thus obtained is characterized according to a methodology analogous to that of the preceding examples.
• Example 2 The same catalyst as that used in Example 1 is prepared according to the procedure used in Example 2 (sulfurization followed by an oxidative passivation in two stages). The catalyst thus obtained is characterized in order to define its sulfurization rate and the amount of oxygen chemisorbed by the sulfide phase using the same methodology as that described in Example 2.
• the quantity of oil actually incorporated into the catalyst is defined by the variation in loss on ignition (treatment in a muffle furnace in air at 500 ° C. for 4 hours) between that measured on this impregnated catalyst and that measured on the catalyst before impregnation.
• This example is analogous to the previous example 5 (gas phase sulfurization, oxidative passivation under dry flow and incorporation of oil) with the difference that the oil used is an oil of vegetable origin (refined rapeseed oil).
• the main characteristics of this refined rapeseed oil are a density of 0.92 g / cm3 and an iodine index of 114.
• the quantity of vegetable oil used during the impregnation is maintained at 10 g per 100 g of sulfurized and passive catalyst as described in Example 3.
• This catalyst called “SP6 catalyst”, is characterized using the same techniques as those already used for the previous examples.
• the sulfur catalyst is passive using the same oxidative passivation protocol as that used in Example 2 (treatment in two stages under oxidizing flow, partial oxygen pressure of 7.6 kPa then 21.3 kPa at room temperature), with the difference that the oxidizing flux used is previously saturated with water at a temperature of 25 ° C, before contacting with the sulfide phase.
• This water saturation is obtained by bubbling the dry oxidizing flux in a saturator containing liquid water at room temperature. Under these conditions, the partial water pressure is 3 kPa.
• SP7 catalyst The characteristics of this catalyst known as “SP7 catalyst” are collated in the table below.
• Example 8 Passivation of a sulfur catalyst by treatment under an oxidizing flow followed by incorporation of oil in a higher amount.
• This example is analogous to the previous example 5, both with regard to the sulfurization, passivation and oil incorporation procedures, except that the quantity of oil used in the last step is increased by 10 to 20 g of 150 Neutral Solvent oil per 100 g of sulfur and passive catalyst.
• SP8 catalyst The characterizations of this catalyst called “SP8 catalyst” use the same techniques as those already used in the previous examples.
• Example 2 The same catalyst as that used in Example 1 is sulfurized according to the same procedure as that described in Example 1. After this sulfurization step, the catalyst is purged under nitrogen at room temperature. At the end of this sulfurization treatment, the catalyst is passive according to an oxidative passivation procedure which differs from that already used in Example 2 in that it is carried out in a single step and under a single partial pressure in oxygen. This partial pressure is fixed at 7.6 kPa. After the exothermic effect linked to the oxygen chemisorption on the sulphide phases has disappeared, the catalyst is transferred under nitrogen into the rotary impregnator maintained under nitrogen in order to incorporate an identical amount of mineral oil (150 Neutral Solvent) to that of Examples 5 and 7, namely
• a catalyst sample is taken in order to determine the amount of oxygen chemisorbed by the catalyst.
• SP9 catalyst All the characteristics of this catalyst, known as “SP9 catalyst”, are presented in the table below.
• Example 10 Direct incorporation of oil from a sulfur catalyst followed by a passivation treatment under an oxidizing flow
• Example 3 This example is analogous to that of Example 3, where, after sulfurization, the catalyst is impregnated directly with 10 g of 150 Neutral Solvent oil per 100 g of sulfur catalyst. Following these sulfurization and oil incorporation treatments, the catalyst undergoes an oxidative passivation by treatment at ambient temperature (below 30 ° C.) according to a procedure derived from that described in Example 2, and modified in that the catalyst can be directly treated under undiluted dry air, therefore at a partial oxygen pressure of 21.3 kPa. Indeed, probably the covering effect of the oil makes it possible to reduce the exothermic effect of oxygen adsorption. At the end of this treatment, the catalyst grains have a particularly interesting dry appearance.
• Diesel hydrodesulfurization activity (expressed in relative mass activity or relative weight activity) and critical self-heating temperature (TCAE).
• pre-passivation in air has two notable advantages compared to an oil passivation: it makes it possible to considerably simplify the wet passivation process, insofar as this operation can be carried out in equipment under an atmosphere of 'Free air, because the catalyst can be handled in air, which is not the case with a directly sulfurized catalyst which spontaneously heats up in air.
• the performances of reduction of the self-heating effect, manifested by the TCAE (Critical temperature of self-heating) are excellent while using a reasonable quantity of oil, the oxidizing pre-treatment allowing a saving. the amount of oil.

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• 2003
  • 2003-02-11 FR FR0301634A patent/FR2850882B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2004
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  • 2004-02-06 CA CA2485665A patent/CA2485665C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 2004-02-06 US US10/526,499 patent/US7582587B2/en active Active
  • 2004-02-06 DE DE112004000001.7T patent/DE112004000001B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-09-17 LU LU91102A patent/LU91102B1/fr active

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