WO2004070439A1 - 位相差フィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
位相差フィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004070439A1 WO2004070439A1 PCT/JP2004/000667 JP2004000667W WO2004070439A1 WO 2004070439 A1 WO2004070439 A1 WO 2004070439A1 JP 2004000667 W JP2004000667 W JP 2004000667W WO 2004070439 A1 WO2004070439 A1 WO 2004070439A1
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- layer
- retardation
- retardation film
- film
- liquid crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retardation film preferably used for an image display device, for example, a liquid crystal display device (LCD), and a method for producing the same.
- an image display device for example, a liquid crystal display device (LCD)
- LCD liquid crystal display device
- a retardation film (also referred to as an optical compensation film, a compensation sheet, etc.) is an important member that realizes improvement of contrast and expansion of a viewing angle range in an image display device such as a liquid crystal display device by optical compensation.
- A-plate, C_p 1 ate and ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - ⁇ 1 ate are all layers having so-called uniaxial optical anisotropy.
- A-p 1 ate is Positive when the optical axis exists in the in-plane direction and the optical characteristic condition satisfies the following formula (I).
- nxny nz (I)
- nx ⁇ ny nz (II)
- the optical characteristic condition is represented by the following formula (III). When it satisfies, it is called Positive (positive) C-p 1 ate, and when it satisfies the following formula (IV), it is called Negative (negative) C-p 1 ate.
- nx ny ⁇ nz (III)
- nx nynz (IV)
- nx, 11 and 112 are refractions in the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis directions in the layer. Indicates the rate.
- one of the X-axis and the Y-axis is an axial direction indicating the maximum refractive index in the plane of the layer, and the other is an axial direction in the plane perpendicular to the axis.
- the Z axis indicates a thickness direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis.
- the optical axis direction is inclined when viewed from the in-plane direction and the Z-axis direction (the thickness direction perpendicular to the in-plane direction).
- the retardation film includes a stretched film having a refractive index anisotropy by stretching and a coated film in which a liquid crystal compound is coated on a film and oriented.
- the plurality of layers can be laminated on a single retardation film by coating:
- the liquid crystal compound in order to form a retardation layer containing a liquid crystal compound, the liquid crystal compound needs to be oriented in a specific axial direction.
- a method therefor there are a method using an alignment film (for example, see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-142333) and a method using an alignment substrate.
- the outline of the method using the alignment film is, for example, as follows. That is, first, a base material having an optically anisotropic layer formed thereon is prepared. As this substrate, for example, a transparent and optically isotropic polymer film or the like is used. Next, a liquid for forming an alignment film is applied on the optically anisotropic layer to form a smooth film. Further, the film is subjected to a rubbing treatment, light irradiation, or the like to impart a liquid crystal alignment regulating force, thereby forming an alignment film. Then, a liquid crystal compound solution or a molten liquid crystal compound is applied on the alignment film to form a retardation layer. When two or more retardation layers are laminated, a liquid for forming a directing film is further applied on the retardation layer, and then the same operation as described above is repeated to form an alignment film and a retardation layer.
- the optically anisotropic layer is made of a polymer compound and is easily eroded by an organic solvent or the like contained in a liquid for forming an alignment film. Therefore, even if a liquid for forming an alignment film is applied, the liquid may permeate the optically anisotropic layer, and may not function as an alignment film.
- the outline of the method using an alignment substrate is as follows. That is, First, an alignment substrate having optical anisotropy is prepared. Next, a liquid crystal compound solution or a molten liquid crystal compound is applied thereon to form a retardation layer. On the other hand, a substrate having an optically anisotropic layer formed thereon is prepared. As this substrate, for example, a transparent and optically isotropic polymer film or the like is used. Next, an adhesive is applied on the optically anisotropic layer. Then, after bonding the retardation layer and the adhesive, the alignment substrate is removed (hereinafter, this operation may be referred to as “transfer”). When laminating two or more retardation layers, an adhesive is further applied on the retardation layer, and a separately produced retardation layer is transferred onto the adhesive.
- this method requires a step of applying and transferring a liquid crystal compound to an alignment substrate every time a retardation layer is formed, and the process of producing a retardation film is complicated and cost increases.
- a stretched plastic film for example, a polyethylene terephthalate film is generally used from the viewpoint of cost and the like.
- the method using the alignment film or the alignment substrate has a problem that the number of manufacturing steps is large and the material cost is high. Further, an alignment film, an adhesive, and the like are unnecessary from the viewpoint of the optical function of the retardation film, and are preferably omitted as much as possible to reduce the thickness.
- each of the liquid crystal alignment layers in these examples is formed alone on a glass plate or the like, and is not manufactured as a retardation layer on a film. Further, all of the liquid crystal alignment layers are formed as a single layer, and an example in which a retardation layer is formed on an optically anisotropic layer and an example in which two or more retardation layers are formed are shown. Not. Disclosure of the invention
- an object of the present invention is to provide a retardation film in which the orientation direction of the retardation layer is controlled with high precision and low production cost, and a method for producing the same.
- a retardation film of the present invention includes an optically anisotropic layer and a retardation layer, and the retardation film includes a liquid crystal compound in which the retardation layer is oriented.
- the retardation layer is directly laminated on the optically anisotropic layer.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the retardation film of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows an irradiation state of polarized ultraviolet light in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the retardation film of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the retardation film of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the retardation film of Comparative Example 2.
- Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the ellipsometry.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the retardation and the tilt angle in the retardation film of Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between retardation and tilt angle in the retardation film of Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the retardation and the tilt angle in the retardation film of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between retardation and tilt angle in the retardation film of Comparative Example 2.
- the retardation layer is directly laminated on the optically anisotropic layer without the interposition of an alignment film and an adhesive, material costs of the alignment film and the adhesive can be reduced. . Also, since there is no alignment film or adhesive, the thickness can be reduced.
- a layer which is directly laminated on another optically anisotropic layer and contains an oriented liquid crystalline compound is referred to as a “retardation layer”.
- the retardation film of the present invention has an optically anisotropic layer and a retardation layer as main components as described above. First, the retardation layer will be described.
- the number of the retardation layers is not limited to one, but may be plural.
- Each retardation layer has an alignment film, adhesive, etc. between them. It is preferable that they are directly laminated without any interposition.
- the number of the retardation layers is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected according to the liquid crystal cell of the liquid crystal display device on which the retardation film is mounted.
- the liquid crystal compound contained in the retardation layer is not particularly limited.
- a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound, a tabular liquid crystal compound, and a polymer thereof can be used. Further, they may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more kinds.
- a polymer a homopolymer or a heteropolymer (copolymer) may be used.
- the polymer may retain liquid crystallinity, or may lose liquid crystallinity due to polymerization or crosslinking. It is preferable that the liquid crystal compound has a crosslinked structure because the alignment state is fixed by the crosslinked structure and is stable against heat. Further, it is preferable to contain a nematic liquid crystal compound because of good orientation and few orientation defects.
- liquid crystal compound examples include, for example, azomethines, azoxys, cyanobiphenyls, cyanophenyl esters, benzoic acid esters, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid phenyl esters, cyanophenylcyclohexanes
- liquid crystal compounds such as cyano-substituted phenylpyrimidines, alkoxy-substituted phenylpyrimidines, phenyldioxane, tolanes, alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitrile, and polymers thereof.
- the orientation direction of the liquid crystalline compound is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set so as to obtain optimal optical compensation.
- the alignment direction is set to be in the plane direction of the optically anisotropic layer. Preferably, it is inclined.
- the alignment state includes, for example, a so-called homogenous tilt alignment and a hybrid alignment. Among these, from the viewpoint of display characteristics and ease of production, the liquid crystal compound is preferably used. Hybrid orientation in which the inclination angle of the object continuously changes depending on the position in the thickness direction of the retardation layer is preferable.
- the vector component in the plane direction of the optically anisotropic layer in the vector in the alignment direction of the liquid crystalline compound is determined by the optical axis of the optically anisotropic layer. It is preferable to be orthogonal to.
- the alignment state in which the alignment direction of the liquid crystal compound varies depending on the position in the thickness direction of the retardation layer includes so-called chiral nematic alignment in addition to the hybrid alignment.
- chiral nematic alignment or the like is preferable.
- a preferable orientation state can be appropriately selected according to the type of the image display device and the like. For example, a so-called homogenous orientation or a home-port pick orientation can be used.
- the retardation layer further includes an oriented polymer because the orientation direction of the liquid crystalline compound is easily maintained.
- the ratio of the liquid crystal compound to the polymer is not particularly limited, and varies depending on the type of the material. The ratio may be appropriately selected in consideration of the performance of the retardation layer, ease of production, and the like. Further, the retardation layer may appropriately contain a substance other than the liquid crystalline compound and the polymer as long as the function is not impaired.
- the optical characteristics of the retardation layer are not particularly limited, and may be appropriately set so as to obtain optimal optical compensation.
- the retardation layer preferably has a positive uniaxial refractive index anisotropy.
- the form of the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected according to the type of an image display device using the retardation film of the present invention, a liquid crystal cell of a liquid crystal display element, and the like.
- a stretched film or a coating film composed of a polymer compound can be selected.
- the coating film is, for example, transparent and optical It is used by being formed on an isotropic polymer film or the like.
- the stretched film is not particularly limited, but preferably contains a thermoplastic polymer.
- the thermoplastic polymer may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the thermoplastic polymer include polyolefin (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), polynorpolene-based polymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polyarylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polymethacrylate, and polyacrylate.
- Cellulose esters and their copolymers can be used.
- the polymer material examples include a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted imide group in a side chain and a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a cyano group in a side chain.
- the resin composition examples include a resin composition having an alternating copolymer of isobutene and N-methylmaleimide and an acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer.
- the polymer film may be, for example, an extruded product of the resin composition.
- various polymer compounds and liquid crystal compounds can be used, and they may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the type of the liquid crystal compound and its alignment state are not particularly limited, but are the same as, for example, the retardation layer.
- the polymer compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polyamide, a polyimide polyester, a poly (ether ketone), a poly (amide-imide), and a poly (ester-imide).
- poly (ether ketone), poly (amido-imide) and poly (ester-imide) are each a polymer having an ether bond and a carbonyl group.
- Compound, a polymer compound containing an amide bond and an imide bond, and a polymer compound containing an ester bond and an imide bond will be described more specifically.
- polyimide examples include a polyimide having high in-plane orientation and soluble in an organic solvent.
- a condensation polymerization product of 9,9-bis (aminoaryl) fluorene and an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2000-5111296, specifically, , The following formula
- Examples of the polymer include one or more repeating units represented by (1).
- R 3 to R 6 are hydrogen, halogen, a phenyl group, four halogen atoms or C 2. Been phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group, and from the group consisting of C Bok 10 alkyl group even without least selected independently of one type of substituent group.
- R 3 -R 6 are halogen, phenyl, 1-4 halogen atoms or C i.
- Z represents, C 6 ⁇ 2. And is preferably a pyromellitic group, a polycyclic aromatic group, a derivative of a polycyclic aromatic group, Or a group represented by the following formula (2),
- Z ' is a covalent bond, C (R 7) 2 group, CO group, ⁇ atom, S atom, S 0 2 group, S i (C 2 H 5 ) 2 group, or , NR 8 groups, and in the case of a plurality, each is the same or different.
- W represents an integer from 1 to 10;
- R 7 is each independently hydrogen or C (R 9 ) 3 .
- R 8 is hydrogen, 1 to about 20 alkyl carbon atoms or C 6 ⁇ 2,.
- Aryl group In the case of a plurality of groups, they are the same or different.
- R 9 is each independently hydrogen, fluorine, or chlorine.
- polycyclic aromatic group examples include a tetravalent group derived from naphthalene, fluorene, benzofluorene or anthracene.
- substituted derivative of the polycyclic aromatic group examples include: And the above-mentioned polycyclic aromatic groups substituted with at least one group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a fluorinated derivative thereof, and a halogen such as F or C1.
- a homopolymer represented by the following general formula (3) or (4) described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Examples include the polyimide represented by the formula (5).
- the polyimide of the following formula (5) is a preferred form of the homopolymer of the following formula (3).
- G and G ′ are, for example, a covalent bond, a CH 2 group, a C (CH 3 ) 2 group, a C (CF 3 ) 2 group, a C (CX 3 ) 2 group (wherein, X is halogen.), CO group, O atom, S atom, S_ ⁇ 2 group, S i (CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 group, and, from the group consisting of N (CH 3) group Represents a group independently selected, and may be the same or different.
- L represents a substituent
- d and e represent the number of substitutions.
- L is, for example, halogen, C, _ 3 alkyl group, halogenation alkyl group, phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group, in the case of multiple, or different are each identical.
- Is a said substituted phenyl group for example, halogen, & 0, - 3 alkyl group, and a halogen Kaa
- a substituted phenyl group having at least one type of substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups.
- the halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. Is an integer from 0 to 2 and e is an integer from 0 to 3.
- Q represents a substituent
- f represents the number of the substituents.
- Q is, for example, hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group, a substituted alkyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a thioalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, an alkyl ester group, and a substituted alkyl ester group.
- the halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the substituted alkyl group include a halogenated alkyl group.
- Examples of the substituted aryl group include a halogenated aryl group.
- f is an integer from 0 to 4;
- g and h are integers from 0 to 3 and 1 to 3 respectively. Further, g and h are preferably larger than 1.
- R 1 Q and R 11 are groups independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, phenyl, substituted phenyl, alkyl, and substituted alkyl. Among them, it is preferable that R 1 Q and R 11 are each independently an octalogenated alkyl group.
- M 1 and M 2 are the same or different, and are, for example, a halogen, an alkyl group, a halogenated alkyl group, a phenyl group, or a substituted phenyl group.
- the halogen include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- the substituted phenyl group include, for example, at least one type of substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen, an alkyl group, and a ( 3) -halogenated alkyl group. Substituted phenyl group.
- polyimides for example, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) 1-hexafluoropropane dianhydride and 2,2-bis
- the imidation ratio of these polyimides is not particularly limited, but is preferably as high as possible, and ideally 100%.
- the above formulas (1) to (6) indicate the imidization ratio of 100%. Is an expression.
- polyimide examples include U.S. Pat. No. 5,071,977, U.S. Pat. No. 5,480,964, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 10-5080848. There is a polyimide described in. Further, for example, a skeleton as described above
- Examples of the acid dianhydride include aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- Examples of the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include pyromellitic dianhydride, benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and heterocyclic aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- Anhydrides and 2,2'-substituted biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydrides are listed.
- Examples of the pyromellitic dianhydride include pyromellitic dianhydride.
- 3,6-diphenylpyromellitic dianhydride 3,6-bis (trifluoromethyl) pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,6-dibromopyromellitic dianhydride, 3,6-dichloropyromellitic Tonic dianhydride and the like.
- benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include 3, 3 ′, 4, 4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2, 3, 3 ′,
- 4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride 2,2 ', 3,3'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like.
- naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include 2,3,6,7-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and 2,6- Diclo-mouth-naphtherene-1-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like.
- heterocyclic aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include thiophene-2,3 and
- 2,2′-monosubstituted biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include, for example, 2,2′-dibromo_4,4 ′, 5,
- 3-dicarboxyphenyl) methane dianhydride bis (2,5,6-trifluoro-3,4-dicaroxyphenyl) methane dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) To 1, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3 and 3 Xafluoropropane dianhydride, 4,4 '-(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) 1,2,2-diphenylpropane dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicalpoxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, 4,4 'Oxydiphthalic anhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfonic anhydride, (3,3', 4,4 'diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride), 4,4' 1 [4,4'-Isopropylidene-di (p-phenylenoxy)] bis (phthalic anhydride), N, N— (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl
- the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 2 2′-substituted biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, more preferably 2, 2′-bis (trihalomethyl) -4 , 4 ', 5,5'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, and more preferably 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) -4,4', 5,5'-biphenyltetra It is a carboxylic dianhydride.
- diamine examples include aromatic diamines, and specific examples thereof include benzenediamine, diaminobenzophenone, naphthalenediamine, heterocyclic aromatic diamine, and other aromatic diamines.
- Examples of the benzenediamine include o-, m-, and p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diamino-2-methoxybenzene, 1,4-diamino-2-phenylbenzene, and 13-diaminobenzene.
- Examples of the diaminobenzophenone include 2,2 ′ diaminobenzophenone, and 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone.
- Examples of the naphthalenediamine Examples thereof include 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and 1,5-diaminonaphthalene.
- Examples of the heterocyclic aromatic diamine include 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,4 diaminopyridine, and 2: 4 diamino-1S-triazine.
- aromatic diamine examples include, in addition to these, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, and 4,4′-
- Examples of the polyetherketone include a polyaryletherketone represented by the following general formula (7) described in JP-A-201-49110.
- X represents a substituent
- ci represents the number of the substituents.
- X is, for example, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, an octogenated alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, or a halogenated alkoxy group, and when there are a plurality of Xs, they are the same or different.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a bromine atom, a chlorine atom and an iodine atom.
- a fluorine atom is preferred.
- the lower alkyl group for example, ( ⁇ to 6 A lower alkyl group having a straight or branched chain is preferable, and a more preferable is a straight or branched alkyl group having from C i to 4.
- Butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group and tert-butyl group are preferred, and particularly preferred are a methyl group and an ethyl group.
- the halogenated alkyl group for example, trifluoromethyl
- the lower alkoxy group include a halide of the above-mentioned lower alkyl group such as a group, etc.
- the above-mentioned lower alkoxy group is, for example, preferably a straight-chain or branched-chain alkoxy group. Properly, more preferably a linear or branched ⁇ alkoxy group C E 1-4.
- halogenated alkoxy group for example, a halogen of the lower alkoxy group such as a trifluoromethoxy group Compounds.
- Q is an integer from 0 to 4.
- q 0 and that the carbonyl group bonded to both ends of the benzene ring and the oxygen atom of the ether are present at the para position with respect to each other.
- R 1 is a group represented by the following formula (8), and m is an integer of 0 or 1.
- X ′ represents a substituent, for example, the same as X in the formula (7).
- X ′ when X ′ is plural, they are the same or different.
- p is an integer of 0 or 1.
- R 2 represents a divalent aromatic group.
- the divalent aromatic group include an o-, m- or p-phenylene group, or naphthalene .. biphenyl, anthracene, o-, m_ or p-terphenyl .. phenanthrene, Examples thereof include dibenzofuran, biphenyl ether, and divalent groups derived from biphenylsulfone.
- the hydrogen directly bonded to the aromatic may be replaced by a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group.
- the R 2 is preferably an aromatic group selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (9) to (15).
- R 1 is preferably a group represented by the following formula (16).
- R 2 and P have the same meanings as in the above formula (8).
- n represents a degree of polymerization and is, for example, in the range of 2 to 500, preferably in the range of 5 to 500.
- the polymerization May be composed of repeating units having the same structure, or may be composed of repeating units having different structures. In the latter case, the polymerization form of the repeating unit may be block polymerization or random polymerization.
- the terminal of the polyaryletherketone represented by the above formula (7) is preferably such that the p-tetrafluorobenzoylene group side is fluorine and the oxyalkylene group side is a hydrogen atom, and such a polyaryletherketone is preferred.
- n represents the same degree of polymerization as in the formula (7).
- polyaryl ether ketone represented by the above formula (7) include those represented by the following formulas (18) to (21).
- n represents the above formula ( Represents the same degree of polymerization as in 7).
- polyether ketone other than the above, fluorine-containing polyester ether ketones described in JP-A-201-64226 can be preferably used.
- polyamide or polyester examples include polyamide-polyester described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-508048.
- the repeating unit thereof may be represented by, for example, the following general formula (22). it can.
- Y is O or NH.
- E is, for example, a covalent bond, a C 2 alkylene group, a halogenated C 2 alkylene group, a CH 2 group, a C (CX 3 ) 2 group (where X is a halogen or hydrogen), a CO group, ⁇ atom, S atom, S_ ⁇ 2 group, S i (R) 2 group, and, N (R) is at least one kind of group selected from the group consisting of groups, it may be each the same or may be made different .
- R is at least one of a C i-3 alkyl group and a C i-3 halogenated alkyl group, and is at a meta or para position with respect to the carbonyl functional group or the Y group.
- a and A ′ are substituents, and t and z represent the respective numbers of substitution.
- P is an integer from 0 to 3.
- q is an integer from 1 to 3
- r is an integer from 0 to 3.
- A is selected from hydrogen, a halogen, alkyl groups, C preparative trioctahedral necked Gen alkyl group, OR (wherein, R represents the those definitions.)
- R represents the those definitions.
- C ⁇ - 9 alkoxycarbonyl group, C ⁇ 9 alkyl Cal Poni Ruo carboxymethyl group, C ⁇ 12 ⁇ reel O carboxymethyl Cal Poni Le group, C i_ 12 ⁇ Li one Rukaruponiru Okishi groups and substituted derivatives thereof, ( ⁇ — Selected from the group consisting of 12- aryl-rubamoyl groups and C i 2- aryl-ylponylamino groups and substituted
- halogen, alkyl groups, C Bok 3 halogen alkyl group is selected 'from the group consisting of phenyl group and a substituted-phenyl group, or for multiple, they are respectively the same The different.
- Substituents on the phenyl ring of the substituted Hue sulfonyl group other, for example, halogen, C DOO 3 ⁇ alkyl group, c i_ 3 halogenated alkyl group, and their Kumiawasegaa is up.
- the t is Z is an integer from 0 to 3;
- the repeating units of the polyamide or polyester represented by the formula (22) those represented by the following general formula (23) are preferable.
- A, A ′ and Y are as defined in the above formula (22), and V is an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, X And y are each 0 or 1, but are not both 0.
- the optically anisotropic layer preferably contains a liquid crystal compound from the viewpoint of reducing the thickness, that is, reducing the thickness. .
- the optical properties of the optically anisotropic layer are not particularly limited, may be uniaxial or biaxial, and may be appropriately set according to the intended use of the retardation film so as to obtain an optimal effect.
- the liquid crystal cell has a negative uniaxial refractive index anisotropy.
- the optically anisotropic layer preferably has a biaxial refractive index anisotropy in order to compensate for an axis shift of the polarizer from an oblique direction.
- the optically anisotropic layer is preferably formed on a transparent substrate.
- the material of the transparent substrate is not particularly limited, and for example, a polymer film or the like can be used.
- the polymer that can be used for the polymer film is not particularly limited.
- polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, and diacetyl cell Cellulose polymers such as loin and triacetyl cellulose; acryl polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate; styrene polymers such as polystyrene and acrylonitrile styrene copolymer (AS resin); bisphenol A and carbonic acid copolymer Linear or branched polyolefins such as polycarbonate polymers, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, polyolefins containing cyclo-structures such as polynorpolene, vinyl chloride polymers, nylon, aromatic polyamides, etc.
- polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, and diacetyl cell Cellulose polymers such as loin and triacetyl cellulose
- acryl polymers such as polymethyl methacrylate
- styrene polymers such as
- the polymer film described in JP-A-2001-344359 (WO 01/37007) can be preferably used.
- the retardation film of the present invention may be manufactured by any method, but is preferably manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention described below.
- a polarized violet liquid is used as a liquid for forming the alignment film.
- a solution containing a polymer that reacts to external light and a solution containing a liquid crystal compound as a liquid for forming a retardation layer were separately used.
- the liquid for forming an alignment film is applied on an optically anisotropic layer, dried, and then irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light to form an alignment film. Further, the retardation layer is further formed thereon.
- a liquid for forming is applied and dried to form a retardation layer.
- the liquid for forming an alignment film may permeate the optically anisotropic layer, and may not function as an alignment film.
- the solution when a solution containing both a liquid crystal compound and a polymer that reacts to polarized ultraviolet light is applied onto the optically anisotropic layer, a solution containing only the polymer but not containing the liquid crystal compound is applied. It was found that the liquid crystal alignment ability was more easily exhibited as compared with the case of performing the above. Therefore, in the production method of the present invention, the solution is dried to form a precursor layer of the retardation layer, and the surface thereof is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light, whereby the orientation direction is controlled with high precision. Can be formed.
- the phase difference layer can be formed on the optically anisotropic layer without using an alignment film, an alignment substrate, an adhesive, and the like, so that the material cost can be reduced.
- the step of forming the alignment film and the step of transferring the retardation layer are unnecessary, the number of manufacturing steps is reduced accordingly, leading to improvement in manufacturing efficiency and further cost reduction.
- the method for producing a retardation film of the present invention preferably further includes a step of crosslinking the liquid crystalline compound.
- the cross-linking method is not particularly limited, and may be photo-crosslinking or thermal cross-linking. However, a cross-linking method using non-polarized ultraviolet light is preferred because of its high reactivity and easy control. By irradiating the surface of the precursor layer with non-polarized ultraviolet light, the liquid crystalline compound can be crosslinked.
- a retardation layer is further formed thereon in a similar manner. If formed, another retardation layer can be directly laminated on the retardation layer without using an alignment film or an alignment substrate. Further, by repeating the same method, any number of retardation layers can be laminated.
- the method for producing a retardation film of the present invention can be performed, for example, as follows. However, this is only one embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this.
- an optically anisotropic layer is prepared.
- the following is performed.
- a polymer compound such as the thermoplastic polymer is formed into a polymer film by an extrusion molding method or a casting film forming method. Further, when the polymer film is treated by a roll method longitudinal stretching or the like, a film-like optically anisotropic layer having a uniaxial refractive index anisotropy is obtained. Thus, a film-like optically anisotropic layer having anisotropic refractive index anisotropy is obtained.
- a base material is prepared.
- a plastic substrate is preferable, and a transparent substrate, for example, an optically isotropic polymer film is preferable.
- the polymer that can be used for this polymer film is not particularly limited, but preferred ones are as described above.
- a polymer compound such as polyimide is dissolved in a solvent to prepare a solution.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the polymer compound.
- the solvent examples include esters such as ethyl acetate-, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl propionate, and lactic acid prolactone, and acetone, methyl ethyl ketone.
- esters such as ethyl acetate-, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, butyl propionate, and lactic acid prolactone
- acetones such as ton, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, getyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone and methylcyclohexanone, and hydrocarbons such as toluene can be used. These may be used in combination.
- nx ny> nz
- R th retardation in a thickness direction
- a coating film satisfying nx ny> nz, that is, a negative uniaxial refractive index
- An optically anisotropic layer having anisotropy can be obtained.
- the optically anisotropic layer is stretched or shrunk together with the substrate to give a molecular orientation in a plane, a coating having the property of nx>ny> nz (or ny>nx> nz) is obtained.
- a coated film, that is, an optically anisotropic layer having biaxial refractive index anisotropy can be obtained.
- the coating method is not particularly limited, and a spin coating method, a roll coating method, a full coating method, a printing method, a dip coating method, a casting film forming method, a bar coating method, a gravure printing method, or the like is used. It can be carried out as appropriate.
- [nx, 11] represents the refractive index in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions of various films, optically anisotropic layers, retardation layers, and the like.
- one of the X axis and the Y axis is an axial direction showing the maximum refractive index in the plane of the film or layer, and the other is an axial direction in the plane perpendicular to the axis.
- the Z axis indicates a thickness direction perpendicular to the X axis and the Y axis.
- a retardation layer is formed on the optically anisotropic layer. That is, first, a solution containing a liquid crystal compound and a polymer that reacts with polarized ultraviolet light is prepared.
- the mixing ratio between the liquid crystal compound and the polymer is not particularly limited, and varies depending on the type of the substance. For example, the mixing ratio is 9: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 5 ::! To 3: 1 by mass ratio. .
- the liquid crystal compound usable here is not particularly limited as long as it can be applied, and examples thereof include the above-mentioned liquid crystal compounds and polymers thereof.
- the polymer is not particularly limited as long as it contains a functional group that reacts with polarized ultraviolet light in the molecular chain, and a polymer suitable for the purpose can be appropriately used.
- a functional group for example, dimerization with respect to polarized ultraviolet light
- this solution is applied on the optically anisotropic layer and dried to form a precursor layer of the retardation layer. Further, the polymer is reacted by irradiating polarized ultraviolet light, and at the same time, the liquid crystalline compound is aligned.
- the orientation direction of the liquid crystalline compound can be arbitrarily controlled by changing the incident angle of the irradiated polarized ultraviolet light.
- liquid crystals are arranged so as to be orthogonal to the positive anisotropic optical axis of the optically anisotropic layer, and furthermore, in the thickness direction of the retardation layer. It is necessary to adopt an alignment mode in which the liquid crystal is inclined.
- the plane of polarization of the polarized ultraviolet light is made perpendicular or parallel to the positive anisotropic optical axis of the optically anisotropic layer, and the incident angle is inclined with respect to the plane of the retardation layer.
- the optically anisotropic layer includes, for example, an optically anisotropic layer exhibiting a positive uniaxial A—P 1 ate phase difference characteristic, an A—P 1 ate component and a negative C
- an optically anisotropic layer having the properties of one Pate component at the same time is possible.
- the liquid crystal compound is crosslinked by a treatment such as heating or light irradiation to form a retardation layer.
- the polymer may be used from the time of preparing the solution, or when a solution of the monomer is prepared and crosslinked by a treatment such as heating or light irradiation. May be simultaneously polymerized.
- the retardation film of the present invention can be manufactured as described above, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the optically anisotropic layer can be formed in the same manner as in the formation of the retardation layer.
- the optical element of the present invention is an optical element including the retardation film of the present invention and a polarizer.
- Other components are not particularly limited, but further include a transparent protective film for protecting the polarizer and suppressing deformation of the optical element, wherein the transparent protective film is provided between the retardation film and the polarizer. It is preferable that it is sandwiched between.
- the optical element of the present invention can be obtained by further laminating the retardation film of the present invention on a polarizing plate in which a transparent protective film is laminated on a polarizer.
- the optical element of the present invention may appropriately include optional components other than the polarizer and the transparent protective film.
- each component of the optical element of the present invention will be described more specifically.
- the polarizer is not particularly limited, but a stretched polymer film is preferable because good optical properties are easily obtained.
- a film prepared by adsorbing a dichroic substance such as iodine or a dichroic dye onto various films by a conventionally known method, dyeing the film, crosslinking, stretching, and drying can be used.
- a film that transmits linearly polarized light when natural light is incident thereon is preferable, and a film that is excellent in light transmittance and polarization degree is preferable.
- Examples of various films for adsorbing the dichroic substance include, for example, hydrophilic films such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based films, partially formalized PVA-based films, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified films, and cellulose-based films.
- hydrophilic films such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) -based films, partially formalized PVA-based films, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified films, and cellulose-based films.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- partially formalized PVA-based films partially formalized PVA-based films
- ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified films and cellulose-based films.
- a polyene oriented film such as a dehydrated product of PVA or a dehydrochlorinated product of polyvinyl chloride can also be used.
- a polyvinyl alcohol-based polarizing film is preferable because good optical characteristics can
- the transparent protective film is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known transparent film can be used.
- a film having excellent transparency, mechanical strength, heat stability, moisture blocking property, isotropy, and the like is preferable.
- Specific examples of the material of such a transparent protective film include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, polyimides, polyethersulfones, polysulfones, and the like.
- transparent resins such as polystyrene, polynorbornene, polyolefin, acrylic, and acetate.
- a thermosetting resin such as an acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, or silicone resin or an ultraviolet curable resin may also be used.
- TAC film whose surface is saponified with an alkali or the like is preferable from the viewpoint of polarization characteristics and durability.
- polymer films described in JP-A-2001-343529 (WO 01/37007) can also be preferably used.
- the transparent protective film has no coloring, for example.
- the retardation value (R th) in the film thickness direction is preferably in the range of ⁇ 90 ⁇ m to 1775 nm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 80 ⁇ m to 1060 nm. Preferably, it is in the range of -70 nm to 1045 nm.
- coloring optical coloring
- R th in this case is represented by the following equation (V).
- V the definitions of nx, ny, and nz are as described above, and d indicates the thickness of the transparent protective film.
- the thickness of the transparent protective film is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined depending on, for example, a retardation and a protection strength. However, the thickness is usually 500 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 5 to 300 m. It is preferably in the range of 5 to 150 m.
- the transparent protective film can be appropriately formed by a conventionally known method such as a method of applying the various transparent resins to a polarizer, a method of laminating the transparent resin film on the polarizer, or a commercially available product. You can also.
- the retardation film of the present invention contains a transparent substrate, the transparent substrate may also serve as the transparent protective film.
- the transparent protective film may be further subjected to, for example, a hard coat treatment, an anti-reflection treatment, a treatment for preventing sticking, diffusion, anti-glare, and the like.
- the hard coat treatment is a process for forming a cured film having excellent hardness and slipperiness made of a curable resin on the surface of the transparent protective film, for the purpose of, for example, preventing scratches on the surface.
- the curable resin for example, an ultraviolet curable resin such as a silicone-based, urethane-based, acrylic-based, or epoxy-based resin can be used, and the above-described treatment can be performed by a conventionally known method.
- the purpose of preventing stateing is to prevent adhesion between adjacent layers.
- the antireflection treatment is for the purpose of preventing external light from being reflected on the surface of the polarizing plate, and can be performed by forming a conventionally known antireflection layer or the like. '
- the anti-glare treatment is intended to prevent obstruction of transmitted light due to reflection of external light, and the like.
- a fine uneven structure is formed on the surface of the transparent protective film by a conventionally known method. It can be done by doing.
- Examples of a method of forming such a concavo-convex structure include a roughening method such as a sand blast method and an embossing method, and forming the transparent protective film by blending transparent fine particles with the transparent resin as described above. System.
- the transparent fine particles include silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, and antimony oxide.
- inorganic fine particles having conductivity, crosslinked or uncrosslinked Organic fine particles or the like composed of such polymer particles can also be used.
- the average particle size of the transparent fine particles is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 20 m.
- the blending ratio of the transparent fine particles is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably in the range of 2 to 70 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the transparent resin as described above. Range.
- the antiglare layer containing the transparent fine particles may be used, for example, as the transparent protective film itself, or may be formed as a coating layer on the surface of the transparent protective film. Further, the anti-glare layer may also serve as a diffusion layer (a visual compensation function or the like) for diffusing transmitted light and expanding a viewing angle.
- the anti-reflection layer, anti-stating layer, diffusion layer, anti-drag layer and the like are provided separately from the transparent protective film, for example, as a polarizing plate as an optical layer composed of a sheet or the like provided with these layers. May be laminated.
- the polarizing plate may further include other optical layers, for example, various types of conventionally known optical layers used for forming a liquid crystal display device such as a reflector, a semi-transmissive reflector, and a brightness enhancement film.
- One kind of these optical layers may be used, two or more kinds may be used in combination, one layer may be used, or two or more layers may be laminated.
- an integrated polarizing plate will be described.
- the reflective polarizer further comprises the polarizer and the transparent protective film.
- the reflector is a transflective polarizer.
- the transflector is further laminated on the polarizer and the transparent protective film.
- the reflective polarizing plate can be used, for example, in a liquid crystal display device (reflective liquid crystal display device) that is disposed on the back side of a liquid crystal cell and reflects incident light from the viewing side (display side) for display.
- a reflective polarizing plate has an advantage that, for example, a built-in light source such as a backlight can be omitted, so that the liquid crystal display device can be made thinner.
- the reflective polarizing plate can be manufactured by a conventionally known method such as a method of forming a reflective plate made of metal or the like on one surface of the polarizing plate having the elastic modulus. Specifically, for example, one surface (exposed surface) of the transparent protective film in the polarizing plate is matted as necessary, and a metal foil-deposited film made of a reflective metal such as aluminum is formed on the surface. Examples include a reflective polarizing plate formed as a reflective plate.
- a reflective polarizing plate and the like in which a reflective plate reflecting the fine uneven structure is formed on a transparent protective film having a fine concave-convex structure by adding fine particles to various transparent resins as described above. can give.
- a reflector having a fine uneven structure on the surface has the advantage that, for example, the incident light is diffused by irregular reflection, the directivity can be prevented from glaring, and uneven brightness can be suppressed.
- Such a reflective plate is directly provided on the uneven surface of the transparent protective film by a conventionally known method such as a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, a sputtering method, or another deposition method, a plating method, or the like.
- a vacuum deposition method such as a vacuum deposition method, an ion plating method, a sputtering method, or another deposition method, a plating method, or the like.
- ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Can be formed as a metal deposition film.
- a reflective sheet provided with a reflective layer on an appropriate film such as the transparent protective film as the reflective plate, or the like. May be used. Since the reflection layer of the reflector is usually made of metal, for example, the use form is such that the reflective surface of the reflective layer is formed of the film or the polarizing plate. Preferably, it is in a coated state.
- the transflective polarizing plate has a transflective reflecting plate instead of the reflecting plate in the reflecting polarizing plate.
- the semi-transmissive reflection plate include a half mirror that reflects light on a reflection layer and transmits light.
- the transflective polarizing plate is provided, for example, on the back side of a liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal display device or the like When a liquid crystal display device or the like is used in a relatively bright atmosphere, it reflects incident light from the viewing side (display side) to form an image.
- a liquid crystal display device of a type that displays an image using a built-in light source such as a backlight built in the back side of a semi-transmissive polarizing plate. That is, the semi-transmissive polarizing plate can save energy for use of a light source such as a backlight in a bright atmosphere, and can be used with the built-in light source even in a relatively dark atmosphere. It is useful for forming liquid crystal display devices.
- the brightness enhancement film is not particularly limited, and, for example, transmits linearly polarized light having a predetermined polarization axis, such as a multilayer thin film of a dielectric or a multilayer laminate of thin films having different refractive index anisotropies. Other light reflecting characteristics can be used.
- An example of such a brightness enhancement film is “D-BEF” (trade name) manufactured by 3M Company.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer in particular, an oriented film of a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer, or a film in which the oriented liquid crystal layer is supported on a film substrate can be used. These are left It reflects one circularly polarized light and transmits the other light.
- Nitto Denko's product name “P CF 350” Merck's product name “Tran sma x And so on.
- the method for producing the optical element of the present invention is not particularly limited, and it can be produced by a conventionally known method.
- each constituent element (retardation film, polarizer, transparent protective film, etc.) is adhered. It can be manufactured by a method of laminating via a layer such as an agent or an adhesive.
- the kind of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or the adhesive is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined depending on the material of each of the constituent elements. For example, acrylic, vinyl alcohol-based, silicone-based, polyester-based, polyurethane-based, and polyether-based And the like, and a rubber-based adhesive.
- the adhesive that is relatively easy to peel and re-adhesively adhere to each other is called the “adhesive”.
- the above-mentioned pressure-sensitive adhesives and adhesives are hardly peeled off by, for example, the influence of humidity or heat, and are excellent in light transmittance and polarization degree.
- the polarizer is a PVA-based film
- a PVA-based adhesive is preferable, for example, from the viewpoint of the stability of the bonding treatment and the like.
- These adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives may be applied directly to the surface of a polarizer or a transparent protective film, or may be a layer such as a tape made of the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive. May be arranged on the surface.
- a polarizer or a transparent protective film may be a layer such as a tape made of the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive. May be arranged on the surface.
- other additives or a catalyst such as an acid may be blended as necessary.
- another additive or a catalyst such as an acid may be added to the aqueous adhesive solution.
- the thickness of such an adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 nm to 500 nm, preferably 10 nm to 300 nm, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 100 nm.
- Polarizer and transparent protective film forming optical element of the present invention as described above
- Each layer such as the optical layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is appropriately treated with an ultraviolet absorbent such as a salicylic acid ester compound, a benzophenone compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, or a nickel complex compound.
- an ultraviolet absorbent such as a salicylic acid ester compound, a benzophenone compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, or a nickel complex compound.
- those having ultraviolet absorbing ability may be used.
- the retardation film of the present invention is bonded to one side of a polarizer.
- the method for producing such an optical element is not particularly limited.
- a retardation film and a polarizer produced by the production method of the present invention are prepared and adhered to at least one of the retardation film and the polarizer.
- the step of drying the adhesive may be performed before bonding the retardation film and the polarizer, or may be performed after bonding, depending on the type of the adhesive.
- the adhesive or the solution thereof may be dropped and bonded, and then dried and manufactured.
- a polarizing plate having a transparent protective film adhered to one side or both sides of a polarizer, preferably both sides, is provided with a phase difference film of the present invention via an adhesive layer.
- the method for producing such an optical element is not particularly limited.
- a retardation film produced by the production method of the present invention and a polarizer to which a transparent protective film is adhered are prepared.
- a production method including the above steps The step of drying the adhesive depends on the type of the adhesive and the like. It may be performed before bonding the retardation film and the transparent protective film, or may be performed after bonding.
- the optical element of the present invention can also be manufactured by, for example, a method in which components are sequentially and separately laminated on a liquid crystal cell surface or the like in a manufacturing process of a liquid crystal display device or the like.
- the optical element of the present invention further includes, for example, the above-described pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or adhesive layer on one or both outer surfaces thereof, since lamination to another member such as a liquid crystal cell is facilitated.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the like may be, for example, a single-layer body or a laminate.
- As the laminate for example, a laminate in which single layers of different compositions or different types are combined may be used.
- the optical elements When the optical elements are arranged on both surfaces, for example, they may be the same pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, or may have different compositions or different types of pressure-sensitive adhesive layers.
- the separation can be formed by, for example, providing a release film on a suitable film with a release agent such as a silicone-based, long-chain alkyl-based, fluorine-based, or molybdenum sulfide.
- a release film such as a silicone-based, long-chain alkyl-based, fluorine-based, or molybdenum sulfide.
- the material of the film is not particularly limited, and for example, the same material as the transparent protective film can be used.
- the method of using the optical element of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the optical element is suitable for use in various image display devices such as disposing it on the surface of a liquid crystal cell.
- the image display device of the present invention will be described.
- the image display device of the present invention is an image display device including the retardation film of the present invention or the optical element of the present invention.
- the image display device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and its manufacturing method, structure, use method, and the like are arbitrary, and conventionally known modes can be appropriately applied.
- the type of the image display device of the present invention is not particularly limited, for example, a liquid crystal display device is preferable.
- the retardation film or the optical element of the present invention may be disposed on one or both sides of a liquid crystal cell to form a liquid crystal panel, which is used for a liquid crystal display device of a reflective type, a transflective type, or a transmissive / reflective type.
- the type of the liquid crystal cell forming the liquid crystal display device can be arbitrarily selected. Various types of liquid crystal cells such as a simple matrix drive type can be used.
- the liquid crystal cell usually has a structure in which liquid crystal is injected into a gap between opposing liquid crystal cell substrates, and the liquid crystal cell substrate is not particularly limited.
- the liquid crystal cell substrate is not particularly limited.
- a glass substrate or a plastic substrate can be used.
- the material of the plastic substrate is not particularly limited, and may be a conventionally known material.
- the optical element of the present invention may be provided on one side or both sides of the liquid crystal cell.
- members such as the optical element are provided on both sides of the liquid crystal cell, they may be of the same type or different. You may.
- one or more layers of appropriate components such as a prism array sheet, a lens array sheet, a light diffusion plate, and a backlight are arranged at appropriate positions. be able to.
- the structure of the liquid crystal panel in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited. Includes, for example, a liquid crystal cell, the retardation film of the present invention, a polarizer and a transparent protective film, and the retardation film, the polarizer and the transparent protective film are arranged on one surface of the liquid crystal cell in this order. It is preferable that they are stacked.
- the birefringent layer optically anisotropic layer and retardation layer
- the arrangement thereof is not particularly limited.
- An example is an arrangement in which the birefringent layer side faces the liquid crystal cell, and the transparent substrate side faces the polarizer.
- the liquid crystal display device of the present invention further includes a light source
- the light source is not particularly limited.
- a planar light source that emits polarized light is preferable because light energy can be used effectively.
- the image display device of the present invention is not limited to the liquid crystal display device as described above. Display) or the like.
- circular polarization can be obtained by setting the in-plane retardation value of the optically anisotropic layer of the retardation film of the present invention to ⁇ 4. It can be used as an anti-reflection filter.
- the EL display device of the present invention is a display device having the retardation film or the optical element of the present invention, and the EL display device may be any of an organic EL display device and an inorganic EL display device.
- an optical film such as a polarizer or a polarizing plate together with a ⁇ / 4 plate in an EL display device to prevent reflection from an electrode in a black state.
- the retardation film or the optical element of the present invention is preferably provided with any one of linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light from the EL layer. This is very useful when light is emitted, or when the emitted light in the oblique direction is partially polarized even if natural light is emitted in the front direction.
- the organic EL display device generally includes a luminous body (organic EL luminous body) in which a transparent electrode (anode), an organic luminescent layer, and a metal electrode (cathode) are laminated in this order on a transparent substrate.
- the organic light emitting layer is a laminate of various organic thin films, for example, a laminate of a hole injection layer composed of a triphenylamine derivative or the like and a light emitting layer composed of a fluorescent organic solid such as anthracene.
- Various combinations such as a stacked body of such a light emitting layer and an electron injection layer made of a perylene derivative, and a stacked body of the hole injection layer, the light emitting layer, and the electron injection layer are given.
- the principle of light emission of such an organic EL display device is as follows. That is, by applying a voltage to the anode and the cathode, holes and electrons are injected into the organic light emitting layer, and energy is generated by the recombination of the holes and electrons. Then, the fluorescent substance is excited by the energy, and emits light when the fluorescent substance returns to the ground state.
- the mechanism of the recombination of holes and electrons is the same as that of a general diode, and the current and emission intensity show strong nonlinearity accompanied by rectification with respect to the applied voltage.
- the organic EL display device In the organic EL display device, at least one of the electrodes needs to be transparent in order to extract light emitted from the organic light emitting layer. Therefore, a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (IT ⁇ ) is usually used.
- the transparent electrode formed by is used as an anode.
- Metal electrodes such as Mg—Ag, A1_Li are used.
- the organic light emitting layer is formed of, for example, an extremely thin film having a thickness of about 10 nm. 04 000667
- the retardation film or the optical element of the present invention is preferably disposed on the surface of the transparent electrode.
- the optical element of the present invention including the retardation film and the polarizing plate has a function of polarizing light incident from the outside and reflected by the metal electrode. There are effects such as not being visually recognized from the outside.
- the retardation film of the present invention is a 1Z4 wavelength plate and the angle between the polarization directions of the polarizing plate and the retardation film is adjusted to TZ4, the mirror surface of the metal electrode is completely completed. Can be shielded.
- the linearly polarized light is generally elliptically polarized by the retardation film.
- the retardation film is a quarter-wave plate and the angle is ⁇ 4
- the linearly polarized light is circularly polarized. .
- This circularly polarized light for example, transmits through a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode, and an organic thin film, is reflected by a metal electrode, transmits again through the organic thin film, the transparent electrode, and the transparent substrate, and is again linearly polarized by the retardation film. It becomes.
- the linearly polarized light cannot be transmitted through the polarizing plate because it is orthogonal to the polarization direction of the polarizing plate. As a result, the mirror surface of the metal electrode can be completely shielded as described above. It is. (Example)
- an optically anisotropic layer exhibiting a negative uniaxial C-P 1 ate characteristic or a biaxial optically anisotropic film having both a positive A-P late component and a C-P late component An anti-reflection layer was produced, and a retardation layer having a tilt orientation was formed thereon, thereby producing a retardation film.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the retardation film manufactured in this example.
- the retardation film 1 has a transparent substrate 10, an optically anisotropic layer 11, and a retardation layer 13, which are laminated in this order, and is optically different from the transparent substrate 10.
- the anisotropic layer 11 and the anisotropic layer 11 form the anisotropic layer 12 with the base material.
- This retardation film 1 was manufactured by the following procedure. That is, first, a triacetylcellulose (TAC) substrate having a thickness of about 80 m was prepared.
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- an optically anisotropic layer 12 with a substrate was produced. That is, first, a 15% by weight solution of a polyimide was prepared. Polyimide is 2, 2'-bis
- a coating liquid as a raw material of the retardation layer 13 was prepared. That is, polarization 3.75 g of a cyclopeninone solution of a polymer (photopolymerizable polymer) that reacts to ultraviolet light (manufactured by Pantico, trade name: LPP / F301CP) and cyclopeninone, a UV-polymerizable nematic liquid crystal compound 5 g of a solution (Pantico, trade name: LCP / CB483CP), and 5 g of a photoinitiator (Cirva Specialty Co., Ltd., trade name: Irgacure 907) 0.Olg In addition, the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a coating liquid.
- the coating liquid was spin-coated on the surface of the optically anisotropic layer 11 at a rotation speed of 1500 rpm. This was heated and dried in an atmosphere of 130 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a precursor layer of a retardation layer, and was provided with a transparent substrate 10, an optically anisotropic layer 11 and the precursor layer. Was obtained in this order.
- the laminate was set on a hot plate at 70 ° C. with the precursor layer facing upward, and irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light having an illuminance of 6 mW / cm 2 for 3 minutes, and the photopolymerization was performed. The polymer was oriented.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows a side view when the polarized ultraviolet light is irradiated.
- the laminate 21 was placed on a hot plate 22 and irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light 23 from directly above.
- the hot plate 22 was inclined so that the angle of incidence of the polarized ultraviolet light 23 on the surface of the laminate 21 was 60 °.
- the laminate 21 is allowed to stand for 3 minutes in an atmosphere at room temperature, and then irradiated with non-polarized ultraviolet light to photocrosslink the liquid crystalline compound. This was converted to 13 to obtain a retardation film 1.
- the retardation film 1 manufactured in this example was observed with a polarizing microscope. Specifically, observation was performed in a state where the upper polarizing plate and the lower polarizing plate installed in the polarizing microscope were orthogonal to each other. As a result, the direction of polarization of the polarized ultraviolet light 23 irradiated during the production of the retardation film The light transmission was the smallest when it was parallel to either polarization axis of the polarizing plate. From this result, it was confirmed that the axial direction of the optical axis of the retardation film 1 projected onto the film plane coincided with the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet light 23.
- FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the retardation film manufactured in this example.
- the retardation film 2 is made up of an optically anisotropic layer 12 A with a base composed of a transparent substrate 1 OA and an optically anisotropic layer 11 A, and a retardation layer 13 A. It is configured.
- arrow I is the direction of the stretching axis of the optically anisotropic layer with substrate 12 A
- arrow II is the direction of the polarization axis of the polarized ultraviolet light applied to the retardation layer 13 A. I have.
- This retardation film 2 was manufactured as follows. That is, first, an optically anisotropic layer with a substrate was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and this was stretched 10% at 150 ° C. by free-end uniaxial stretching to obtain a positive AP An optically anisotropic layer with a substrate 12 A having both a 1 ate component and a C-P 1 ate component was obtained. Then, the tilted orientation was performed by the same operation as in Example 1 except that the irradiation was performed so that the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet light irradiation was perpendicular to the stretching axis of the optically anisotropic layer with substrate 12A. A retardation film 13 A was formed to obtain a retardation film 2.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the retardation film manufactured in this comparative example.
- the retardation film 3 has a transparent substrate 10, an optically anisotropic layer 11, an alignment film 14, and a retardation layer 15 laminated in this order.
- the optically anisotropic layer 11 form an anisotropic layer 12 with a base material.
- This retardation film 3 was manufactured by the following procedure. That is, first, an optically anisotropic layer 12 with a substrate was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a 2% cyclopentanone solution (LTP / F 301 CP, manufactured by Pantico Co., Ltd.) of a polymer that reacts to polarized ultraviolet light was rotated at 300 rpm.
- the substrate was spin-coated at pm and heated and dried at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes.
- polarized ultraviolet light (illuminance: 6 mWZcm 2 ) was obtained in the same manner as described in Example 1 and FIG. 2 except that the incident angle was 30 ° and the irradiation time was 1 second. Irradiation was performed to form a photo-alignment film 14 for liquid crystal tilt alignment.
- a coating liquid as a raw material of the retardation layer 15 was prepared. That is, a photoinitiator (Irgacure 907 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Products) was added to 5 g of a cyclopeninone solution of a UV-polymerizable nematic liquid crystal compound (LCP / CB483CP manufactured by Bantico) in an amount of 0.1 g. The mixture was further stirred for 10 minutes to obtain a coating liquid.
- a photoinitiator Irgacure 907 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Products
- the coating liquid was spin-coated on the alignment film 14 at a rotation speed of 1500 rpm, and dried by heating at 110 ° C. for 3 minutes. After leaving this for 3 minutes in an atmosphere at room temperature, the precursor layer is irradiated with non-polarized ultraviolet light to cross-link the liquid crystalline compound, thereby forming a retardation layer 15 to form a retardation film 3. Obtained ⁇ (Comparative Example 2)
- FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the retardation film manufactured in this comparative example.
- the retardation film 4 includes a substrate-attached optically anisotropic layer 12A composed of a transparent substrate 10A and an optically anisotropic layer 11A, an alignment film 14, and a retardation layer. It consists of 15A.
- arrow I indicates the direction of the stretching axis of the optically anisotropic layer with substrate 12 A
- arrow II indicates the direction of the polarization axis of the polarized ultraviolet light applied to the retardation layer 15 A. I have.
- This retardation film 4 was manufactured as follows.
- an optically anisotropic layer 12A with a base material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, and then an alignment film 14 was formed on the optically anisotropic layer 11A. It was formed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the irradiation was performed so that the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet light was perpendicular to the stretching axis of the optically anisotropic layer 12A. Further, a retardation layer 15A was formed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and a retardation film 4 was obtained.
- the retardation layers 13, 13A, 15 and 15A and the optically anisotropic layers 11 and 11 in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 A and A were separately transferred to a glass substrate, respectively, and isolated from a retardation film or the like, to prepare a sample for measurement (for ellipsometry). Specifically, it is as follows. That is, when transferring each of the retardation layers, first, a corresponding retardation film and a glass substrate were prepared. Next, an adhesive (acrylic adhesive manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) was applied onto the glass substrate, and the applied surface was brought into close contact with the surface of the retardation layer of the retardation film.
- an adhesive (acrylic adhesive manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) was applied onto the glass substrate, and the applied surface was brought into close contact with the surface of the retardation layer of the retardation film.
- each optically anisotropic layer was performed in the same manner as the transfer of each retardation layer except that an anisotropic layer with a base material not including a retardation layer was used instead of the retardation film. .
- a surface shape measuring device Kelvin Laboratory
- the thickness was measured using a commercial product (Sur f corder ET4000). Specifically, first, a sample having a layer whose thickness is to be measured on its surface is prepared, and then a part of the layer is peeled off. The measured value obtained by measuring with a shape measuring instrument was defined as the thickness.
- FIG. 6A is a perspective view schematically showing the ellipsometry
- FIG. 6B is a top view.
- 61 is a measurement sample.
- 63 is incident light, the incident direction of which is perpendicular to the plane of the sample 61.
- the axis _ ⁇ ⁇ ′ is an axis orthogonal to the polarization axis of the polarized ultraviolet light irradiated during the production of the retardation film. That is, in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2, the axis XX ′ is parallel to the stretching axis of the optically anisotropic layer.
- Reference numeral 62 denotes a state in which the sample 61 is rotated by an angle about the axis X—X ′. The thickness of samples 61 and 62 is omitted for simplicity.
- the outline of the ellipsometry is as follows. That is, first, the measurement sample 61 was set so that its surface was perpendicular to the incident direction of the incident light 63. Then, the sample 61 was irradiated with the incident light 63, and the phase difference R ( ⁇ m) was measured. In sample 61, the phase difference R is represented by the following formula (VI).
- R (n X-ny) X d (VI) where d is the thickness (nm) of the layer to be measured (retardation layer, etc.).
- d is the thickness (nm) of the layer to be measured (retardation layer, etc.).
- the measuring method is as described above. Further, the average refractive index ( ⁇ + ny + nz) ⁇ / 3 was separately measured, and nx, ny and nz were calculated from the measurement result and the thickness d and the phase difference R.
- the definitions of nx, ny, and nz are as described above.
- the axis in the direction parallel to the axis X—X ′ is the Y axis
- the axis in the direction perpendicular to the Y axis in the plane of the sample 61 is the X axis
- the Z axis is an axis parallel to the incident direction of the incident light 63.
- the sample 61 was rotated by an arbitrary angle / 3 around the axis X—X ′. This angle] 3 is referred to as the "tilt angle”. Then, the phase difference R (nm) of the sample 62 in that state was measured.
- the relationship among R, nx ', ny' and d is represented by the following formulas (VII) and (VIII).
- nx ' is the refractive index in the X-axis direction in sample 62
- ny' is the refractive index in the Y-axis direction in sample 62.
- d is the same as in the above formula (VI).
- the phase difference R in each state was measured while changing the tilt angle
- the tilt angle was changed from 60 ° to 60 °, and the phase difference R at each tilt angle was measured.
- the graph shows the correlation between angle and phase difference. I stopped. 7 to 10 show the results obtained for Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
- the optically anisotropic layer of Comparative Example 1 is the same as that of Example 1 and the optically anisotropic layer of Comparative Example 2 is the same as Example 2. Therefore, those are collectively shown in Examples.
- the nx, ny, and nz of the optically anisotropic layer 11 were 1.560, 1.559, and 1.518, respectively.
- the optically anisotropic layer 11 is a negative C 1 P 1 ate
- the retardation layer 13 formed on the optically anisotropic layer 11 is a layer in which the nematic liquid crystal is obliquely aligned.
- nx, ny and nz were 1.555, 1.564 and 1.520, respectively.
- the uniaxially stretched optically anisotropic layer 11 A has biaxial anisotropy having both a positive A—P 1 ate component and a negative C—P 1 ate component.
- the retardation layer 13A was O-Plate which was inclined in the azimuthal direction orthogonal to the stretching axis and in the thickness direction.
- the retardation film can be manufactured by directly laminating the retardation layer on the optically anisotropic layer without using the alignment film or the alignment substrate.
- the comparative example an attempt was made to form a retardation layer on the optically anisotropic layer via an orientation film, but the orientation film did not perform its orientation function. It turned out that the original optical compensation function was not exhibited.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a retardation film in which the orientation direction of the retardation layer is controlled with high accuracy and low production cost, and a method for producing the same.
- the retardation film of the present invention since the retardation layer is directly laminated on the optically anisotropic layer without the interposition of an alignment film and an adhesive, the material cost of the alignment film and the adhesive can be reduced. Further, since there is no alignment film or adhesive, the optical function of the retardation film can be improved and the thickness can be reduced.
- a retardation layer can be formed on an optically anisotropic layer without using an alignment film, an alignment substrate, an adhesive, and the like, so that material costs can be reduced. is there.
- the process of forming the alignment film and the process of transferring the retardation layer are unnecessary, the number of manufacturing steps is reduced accordingly, leading to an improvement in manufacturing efficiency and further cost reduction.
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Abstract
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JP2004264345A (ja) | 2004-09-24 |
KR20050084525A (ko) | 2005-08-26 |
CN1748159A (zh) | 2006-03-15 |
TWI296341B (ja) | 2008-05-01 |
US20060192913A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
KR100801912B1 (ko) | 2008-02-12 |
TW200419198A (en) | 2004-10-01 |
KR20080005431A (ko) | 2008-01-11 |
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