JP6454756B2 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6454756B2 JP6454756B2 JP2017109936A JP2017109936A JP6454756B2 JP 6454756 B2 JP6454756 B2 JP 6454756B2 JP 2017109936 A JP2017109936 A JP 2017109936A JP 2017109936 A JP2017109936 A JP 2017109936A JP 6454756 B2 JP6454756 B2 JP 6454756B2
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- optical compensation
- compensation layer
- polarizer
- crystal display
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/02—Number of plates being 2
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/06—Two plates on one side of the LC cell
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/08—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with a particular optical axis orientation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/12—Biaxial compensators
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Description
1つの実施形態においては、上記第1の光学補償層はnx>ny>nzの屈折率特性を示し、上記第2の光学補償層はnz>nx>nyの屈折率特性を示す。
1つの実施形態においては、上記液晶セルの初期配向方向と上記第2の偏光子の吸収軸方向とは実質的に平行である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記第1の光学補償層の遅相軸方向と上記第2の光学補償層の遅相軸方向とは実質的に平行である。
1つの実施形態においては、上記液晶層の液晶分子はプレチルトを有する。
1つの実施形態においては、上記第1の偏光子の吸収軸方向は視認者の水平方向である。
本明細書における用語および記号の定義は下記の通りである。
(1)屈折率(nx、ny、nz)
「nx」は面内の屈折率が最大になる方向(すなわち、遅相軸方向)の屈折率であり、「ny」は面内で遅相軸と直交する方向(すなわち、進相軸方向)の屈折率であり、「nz」は厚み方向の屈折率である。
(2)面内位相差(Re)
「Re(λ)」は、23℃における波長λnmの光で測定した面内位相差である。Re(λ)は、層(フィルム)の厚みをd(nm)としたとき、式:Re=(nx−ny)×dによって求められる。例えば、「Re(550)」は、23℃における波長550nmの光で測定した面内位相差である。
(3)厚み方向の位相差(Rth)
「Rth(λ)」は、23℃における波長λnmの光で測定した厚み方向の位相差である。Rth(λ)は、層(フィルム)の厚みをd(nm)としたとき、式:Rth=(nx−nz)×dによって求められる。例えば、「Rth(550)」は、23℃における波長550nmの光で測定した厚み方向の位相差である。
(4)Nz係数
Nz係数は、Nz=Rth/Reによって求められる。
(5)実質的に直交または平行
「実質的に直交」および「略直交」という表現は、2つの方向のなす角度が90°±10°である場合を包含し、好ましくは90°±7°であり、さらに好ましくは90°±5°である。「実質的に平行」および「略平行」という表現は、2つの方向のなす角度が0°±10°である場合を包含し、好ましくは0°±7°であり、さらに好ましくは0°±5°である。さらに、本明細書において単に「直交」または「平行」というときは、実質的に直交または実質的に平行な状態を含み得るものとする。
(6)添え字
添え字の「1」は第1の光学補償層を表し、添え字の「2」は第2の光学補償層を表す。
図1は、本発明の1つの実施形態による液晶表示装置の概略断面図である。液晶表示装置100は、液晶セル10と、液晶セル10の視認側に配置された第1の偏光子20と、液晶セル10の背面側に配置された第2の偏光子30と、液晶セル10と第1の偏光子20との間に配置された第1の光学補償層40と、液晶セル10と第1の光学補償層40との間に配置された第2の光学補償層50と、を備える。実用的には、液晶表示装置100は、バックライトユニットをさらに備える。バックライトユニットは、光源60と導光板70とを含む。バックライトユニットは、任意の適切なその他の部材(例えば、拡散シート、プリズムシート)をさらに備え得る。図示例ではバックライトユニットはエッジライト方式であるが、バックライトユニットとしては任意の適切な他の方式(例えば、直下型)が採用されてもよい。
液晶セル10は、一対の基板11、11’と、当該基板間に挟持された表示媒体としての液晶層12とを有する。一般的な構成においては、一方の基板に、カラーフィルター及びブラックマトリクスが設けられており、他方の基板に、液晶の電気光学特性を制御するスイッチング素子と、このスイッチング素子にゲート信号を与える走査線及びソース信号を与える信号線と、画素電極及び対向電極とが設けられている。上記基板の間隔(セルギャップ)は、スペーサー等によって制御されている。上記基板の液晶層と接する側には、例えば、ポリイミドからなる配向膜等を設けることができる。
第1の偏光子および第2の偏光子(以下、まとめて単に偏光子と称する場合がある)としては、任意の適切な偏光子が採用され得る。例えば、偏光子を形成する樹脂フィルムは、単層の樹脂フィルムであってもよく、二層以上の積層体であってもよい。
第1の光学補償層は、上記のとおり、nx>ny>nzの屈折率特性を示す。第1の光学補償層の厚み方向の屈折率nz1は、上記のとおり1.5187未満であり、好ましくは1.5181以下であり、より好ましくは1.5175以下である。nz1の下限は、例えば1.5160である。第1の光学補償層の厚み方向の屈折率をこのような範囲とすることにより、後述のnz2を所定値未満とする効果との相乗的な効果により、正面水平方向に対して上下非対称な領域(特に、正面水平方向に対して上側の領域の所定の位置)でのコントラストの視野角特性を改善することができる。
第2の光学補償層は、上記のとおり、nz>nx>nyの屈折率特性を示す。第2の光学補償層の厚み方向の屈折率nz2は、上記のとおり1.5340未満であり、好ましくは1.5321以下であり、より好ましくは1.5307以下である。nz2の下限は、例えば1.5300である。第2の光学補償層の厚み方向の屈折率をこのような範囲とすることにより、上記のnz1を所定値未満とする効果との相乗的な効果により、正面水平方向に対して上下非対称な領域(特に、正面水平方向に対して上側の領域の所定の位置)でのコントラストの視野角特性を改善することができる。
光源60は、導光板70の側面に対応する位置に配置される。光源としては、例えば、複数のLEDが配列して構成されるLED光源が用いられ得る。導光板70としては、任意の適切な導光板が用いられ得る。例えば、横方向からの光を厚さ方向に偏向可能となるよう、背面側にレンズパターンが形成された導光板、背面側および/または視認側にプリズム形状等が形成された導光板が用いられる。好ましくは、背面側および視認側にプリズム形状が形成された導光板が用いられる。該導光板において、背面側に形成されたプリズム形状と、視認側に形成されたプリズム形状とは、その稜線方向が直交することが好ましい。このような導光板を用いれば、プリズムシート(図示せず)に対して、より集光されやすい光を入射させることができる。
20 第1の偏光子
30 第2の偏光子
40 第1の光学補償層
50 第2の光学補償層
100 液晶表示装置
Claims (6)
- 電界が存在しない状態でホモジニアス配列に配向させた液晶分子を含む液晶層を備えた液晶セルと、
該液晶セルの視認側に配置された第1の偏光子と、
該液晶セルの背面側に配置された第2の偏光子と、
該液晶セルと該第1の偏光子との間に配置された第1の光学補償層と、
該液晶セルと該第1の光学補償層との間に配置された第2の光学補償層と、を備え、
該第1の光学補償層の厚み方向の屈折率nz1が1.5187未満であり、かつ、該第2の光学補償層の厚み方向の屈折率nz2が1.5340未満である、
液晶表示装置。 - 前記第1の光学補償層がnx>ny>nzの屈折率特性を示し、前記第2の光学補償層がnz>nx>nyの屈折率特性を示す、請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶セルの初期配向方向と前記第2の偏光子の吸収軸方向とが実質的に平行である、請求項1または2に記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記第1の光学補償層の遅相軸方向と前記第2の光学補償層の遅相軸方向とが実質的に平行である、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記液晶層の液晶分子がプレチルトを有する、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
- 前記第1の偏光子の吸収軸方向が視認者の水平方向である、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。
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PCT/JP2018/016246 WO2018221064A1 (ja) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-04-20 | 液晶表示装置 |
CN201880003762.3A CN109791327B (zh) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-04-20 | 液晶显示装置 |
EP18808652.4A EP3499304B1 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-04-20 | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
KR1020197006646A KR101984219B1 (ko) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-04-20 | 액정 표시 장치 |
US16/327,118 US11402695B2 (en) | 2017-06-02 | 2018-04-20 | Liquid crystal display apparatus |
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JP2021165826A (ja) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-14 | 住友化学株式会社 | 偏光板及びその偏光板を用いた画像表示装置 |
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