Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
  • C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D221/22—Bridged ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D221/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00
  • C07D221/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not provided for by groups C07D211/00 - C07D219/00 condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
  • C07D221/22—Bridged ring systems
  • C07D221/26—Benzomorphans
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system

Definitions

• R 1 and R 2 are as defined below.
• Compounds of formula I are useful intermediates in the preparation of certain aryl fused azapoiycyclic compounds which exhibit activity as agents for the treatment of neurological and psychological disorders.
• United States Patent Application Serial No. 09/514002 filed February 25, 2000, discloses the preparation of 3-aminomethyl-indan-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester and the use of that compound as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain aryl fused azapoiycyclic compounds.
• United States Patent Application Serial No. 10/124,135, filed April 4, 2002 discloses the preparation of aryl-fused azapoiycyclic compounds from intermediates having the formula I.
• R 1 and R 2 are selected independently from hydrogen, C C 5 alkyl, C C 5 alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, halogen, sulfonyl alkyl, alkyamino, amide, ester, aryl-alkyl, hetero-alkyl and aryl-alkoxy; or R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a monocyclic or bicyclic ring; and R 3 is C, to C 6 alkyl.
• the catalyst is about 5 % to about 10% palladium on carbon. Preferably the catalyst is about 5% palladium on carbon. In a preferred embodiment, R 3 is C 1 or C 2 alkyl. «
• the present invention provides a weight ratio of catalyst to compound of formula II of about 1 :99 to about 10:90. Preferably the ratio is about 10:90.
• Palladium on carbon catalysts are safely stored as a mixture of water and catalyst.
• the mixture is comprised of about 30% to about 60% by weight of water.
• the catalyst is comprised of about 50% by weight of water.
• the acid is present at an equivalence ratio of acid to the amino group of about 1:1.
• Suitable acids include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, para-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid and salicylic acid.
• the acid is sulfuric acid.
• the bases are cyclized to compounds of formula I by treatment with a base in a solvent comprising an alcohol of formula R 3 OH.
• a base is a Group I metal alkoxide.
• the base is sodium tert-butoxide.
• the cyclization of compounds of formula III into compounds of formula I is carried out in a solvent comprising an alcohol of formula R 3 OH wherein R 3 is C 1 to C 6 alkyl.
• R 3 is C, or C 2 alkyl.
• intermediate compounds of formula III are cyclized into compounds of formula I without prior isolation of intermediate III.
• intermediate compounds of formula III are isolated prior to conversion into compounds of formula I.
• Compounds of formula III may be isolated when R 3 is C 3 to C 8 alkyl and the amino group is bound as an acid addition salt. Examples include, but are not limited to, the salts of p-toluene sulfonic acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid, and tartaric acid.
• the compound of formula I is selected from the group consisting of
• the present invention provides a process for preparing compounds of the formula I by a sequence of reactions illustrated in Scheme I.
• Step 1 compounds of formula II are hydrogenated to the intermediate compound
• reaction III in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, an alcohol of formula R 3 OH and an acid.
• the reaction involves reduction of the nitrile group to the corresponding amine, saturation of the indene ring, and conversion of the ketene acetal into the corresponding ester group of formula
• R 1 and R 2 are selected independently from hydrogen, C ⁇ Cs alkyl, C ⁇ Cs alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, halogen, sulfonyl alkyl, alkyamino, amide, ester, aryl-alkyl, hetero-alkyl and aryl-alkoxy; or R 1 and R 2 together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a monocyclic or bicyclic ring; and R 3 is C, to C 6 alkyl.
• Hydrogenation catalysts suitable for the Step 1 conversion are generally stored for safety purposes as a mixture of catalyst and water. Generally, the hydrogenation catalyst is comprised of about 30% to about 60% by weight water for safe storage and handling.
• the catalyst is about 5% to about 10% palladium on carbon, preferably about 5% palladium on carbon with a weight ratio of catalyst to compound of formula II of about 1 :99 to about 10:90. Preferably the ratio is about 10:90.
• hydrogenation reactions of the type illustrated by Step 1 of Scheme 1 are conducted in the presence of an excess of acid.
• excess acid refers to acid which is not bound as a salt with the amino group of formula III.
• the equivalence ratio of acid to amino compound is 1 :1 , so that all of the acid is bound as a salt with the amino group of formula III.
• the hydrogenation takes place in the presence of an acid such as sulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid, or salicylic acid, preferably sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, or para-toluenesulfonic acid, and most preferably sulfuric acid.
• Suitable solvents are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, propanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, or any mixture of these solvents, preferably methanol or ethanol.
• the reaction is carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere up to 7 atmospheres (approximately 100 psi), preferably 3 to 4 atmospheres (approximately 50 psi), for a time period of 1 to 48 hours preferably 12 hours.
• a hydrogen atmosphere up to 7 atmospheres (approximately 100 psi), preferably 3 to 4 atmospheres (approximately 50 psi), for a time period of 1 to 48 hours preferably 12 hours.
• the term unstable refers to the potential for undesirable chemical side reactions which compounds of formula II or III undergo in the presence of water or excess acids. When a compound of formula II and or III undergoes undesirable side reaction, the yield of compound I is significantly reduced.
• chemically stable environment refers to the relatively low potential for compounds of formula II or III to undergo undesirable side reactions with water or acid.
• Step 2 of Scheme 1 is the formation of a lactam of formula I.
• the amino acid ester of formula (III) is treated with a base such as sodium tert-butoxide, sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, potassium methoxide, and potassium ethoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydride, triethylamine, methylimidazole, lutdine, pyridine, methylmorpholine, ethylmorpholine or dissdopropylethylamine.
• the base is a Group I metal alkoxide.
• the base is sodium tert-butoxide.
• the alkoxide base preferably has a very low sodium hydroxide content.
• Suitable solvents are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, toluene, or a mixture of any of the previously mentioned solvents, preferably methanol or a mixture of methanol and ethyl acetate.
• the reaction is conducted at a temperature of 0° to
• reaction is extended for a time period of 0.5 hour to 72 hours, preferably 6 hours, to afford a compound of formula (I).
• the solvent for Step 2 contains a minimal quantity of water.
• intermediate compounds of formula III are not isolated prior to the cyclization of Step 2.
• the base is added directly to a filtered solution of the intermediate III with subsequent cyclization to the lactam I.
• the intermediate compound III may be isolated wherein R 3 is C 3 to C 8 and the amino group is bound as an acid addition salt.
• examples include but are not limited to the salts of p-toluene sulfonic acid, mandelic acid, salicylic acid, and tartaric acid.
• the intermediate III may be converted into the lactam I according to the aforementioned cyclization conditions.
• R is hydrogen, C-i-C ⁇ alkyl, unconjugated C 3 -C 6 alkenyl, benzyl or alkoxy C C 6 .
• step 1 hydrogenation of compounds of formula II yields the intermediate II which is cyclized in step 2 with sodium t-butoxide in methanol to form the lactam of formula I.
• step 3 The carbonyl function is reduced in step 3 with sodium borohydride-borontrifluoride giving the aryl fused azapoiycyclic compound of formula IV.
• step 4 of Scheme 2 derivatives of formula IV are prepared by condensing the secondary amine of formula IV with an aldehyde of formula R CHO.
• Compounds of formula V bind to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine specific receptor sites and are useful in modulating cholinergic function. Such compounds are useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (including but not limited to ulcerative colitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and Crohn's disease), irritable bowel syndrome, spastic dystonia, chronic pain, acute pain, celiac sprue, pouchitis, vasoconstriction, anxiety, panic disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, autism, sleep disorders, jet lag, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cognitive dysfunction, hypertension, bulimia, anorexia, obesity, cardiac arrythmias, gastric acid hypersecretion, ulcers, pheochromocytoma, progressive supranuclear palsy, chemical dependencies and addictions (e.g., dependencies on, or addictions to nicotine (and/or tobacco products), alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates,
• Huntington's chorea tardive dyskinesia, hyperkinesia, dyslexia, schizophrenia, multi-infarct dementia, age-related cognitive decline, epilepsy, including petit mal absence epilepsy, senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Tourette's Syndrome.
• AD Alzheimer's type
• PD Parkinson's disease
• ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Tourette's Syndrome Tourette's Syndrome.
• the compounds of formula V, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be administered via either the oral, transdermal (e.g., through the use of a patch), intranasal, sublingual, rectal, parenteral or topical routes.
• Transdermal and oral administration are preferred.
• These compounds are, most desirably, administered in dosages ranging from about 0.01 mg up to about 1500 mg per day, preferably from about 0.1 to about 300 mg per day in single or divided doses, although variations will necessarily occur depending upon the weight and condition of the subject being treated and the particular route of administration chosen. However, a dosage level that is in the range of about 0.001 mg to about 10 mg per kg of body weight per day is most desirably employed.
• Variations may nevertheless occur depending upon the weight and condition of the persons being treated and their individual responses to said medicament, as well as on the type of pharmaceutical formulation chosen and the time period and interval during which such administration is carried out.
• dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employed without causing any harmful side effects, provided that such larger doses are first divided into several small doses for administration throughout the day.
• the active compounds can be administered alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or diluents by any of the several routes previously indicated. More particularly, the active compounds can be administered in a wide variety of different dosage forms, e ⁇ g., they may be combined with various pharmaceutically acceptable inert carriers in the form of tablets, capsules, transdermal patches, lozenges, troches, hard candies, powders, sprays, creams, salves, suppositories, jellies, gels, pastes, lotions, ointments, aqueous suspensions, injectable solutions, elixirs, syrups, and the like.
• Such carriers include solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media and various non-toxic organic solvents.
• oral pharmaceutical compositions can be suitably sweetened and/or flavored.
• the active compounds are present in such dosage forms at concentration levels ranging from about 5.0% to about 70% by weight.
• tablets may contain a variety of excipients, disintegrants, lubricating agents, and fillers.
• Aqueous suspensions for oral administration may be embodied with flavor, coloring matter, and diluent.
• a solution of the active compound may be suitably buffered and may be diluted with a vegetable oil or propylene glycol.
• Example 2 10-Aza-tricvclor6.3.1.0.2.71dodeca-2,4.6-triene-9-one
• the methanolic solution obtained in Example 1 (539L, 46 kg Theory) was concentrated to a volume of 114L in reactor 1.
• Methanol (460L) and 25% Sodium methoxide/methanol solution (124L) were charged to reactor 2 at 15°C to 25°C.
• the contents of reactor 1 were slowly charged into reactor 2 at 15°C to 25°C.
• the contents in reactor 2 were stirred for 15 hours at 15°C to 25°C.
• the reaction was sampled and once deemed complete, 85% phosphoric acid (20L) was added in small portions to achieve a pH of 4.5 to 5 at 15°C to 25°C.
• the contents in reactor 2 were concentrated to 148 L and water (322 L) was then added to reactor 2 at 15°C to 25°C.
• the contents in reactor 2 were concentrated to 367L and methylene chloride then charged to reactor 2 at 15°C to 25°C.
• the contents in reactor 2 were then stirred 30 minutes at 15°C to 25°C and then allowed to settle for 45 minutes.
• the layers were separated and the aqueous layer was back extracted with methylene chloride (45L).
• the combined product rich methylene chloride layers were then washed with water (91 L).
• the methylene chloride layer was then charged back into a clean reactor 2 and then concentrated to a volume of 64L.
• ethyl acetate (185 L) was then charged to reactor 2 and the contents in reactor 2 were concentrated to 64L.
• the filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (34L) and the product dried at 40°C.
• the melting point was 168°C to 169°C.

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