WO2004059868A1 - Procede d'etalonnage de systemes de reseaux d'antennes intelligents en temps reel - Google Patents

Procede d'etalonnage de systemes de reseaux d'antennes intelligents en temps reel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004059868A1
WO2004059868A1 PCT/CN2003/001118 CN0301118W WO2004059868A1 WO 2004059868 A1 WO2004059868 A1 WO 2004059868A1 CN 0301118 W CN0301118 W CN 0301118W WO 2004059868 A1 WO2004059868 A1 WO 2004059868A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
calibration
link
sequence
antenna array
receiving
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PCT/CN2003/001118
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Zhe Tan
Feng Li
Original Assignee
Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd. filed Critical Da Tang Mobile Communications Equipment Co., Ltd.
Priority to KR1020057011989A priority Critical patent/KR100656979B1/ko
Priority to AU2003292870A priority patent/AU2003292870A1/en
Priority to JP2004562467A priority patent/JP4452628B2/ja
Priority to AT03782075T priority patent/ATE445264T1/de
Priority to EP03782075A priority patent/EP1585231B1/en
Priority to DE60329629T priority patent/DE60329629D1/de
Publication of WO2004059868A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004059868A1/zh
Priority to US11/166,514 priority patent/US7102569B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24Cell structures
    • H04W16/28Cell structures using beam steering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/267Phased-array testing or checking devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the smart antenna technology of a wireless communication system, and more particularly to a real-time calibration method for a smart antenna array system. Background of the invention
  • Wireless base stations use smart antenna arrays and digital baseband signal-based processing technologies to adaptively shape the base station's receive and transmit beams, which can greatly reduce system interference, increase system capacity, reduce transmit power, and improve receive sensitivity.
  • a base station structure of a wireless communication system using a modern smart antenna comprises an antenna array composed of one or more antenna units, a corresponding radio frequency feeding cable and one or more radio frequency transceivers connected correspondingly.
  • the baseband signal processor obtains the space vector characteristics of the uplink signal and the direction of signal arrival (DOA), and then uses the weight of each link obtained from it for downlink
  • DOA direction of signal arrival
  • each transmit and receive link has the same amplitude.
  • phase response, and the process and method of performing phase and amplitude compensation on each transmit and receive link is the calibration of the smart antenna to which the present invention relates. Due to the differences in the characteristics of various components, especially active devices, the sensitivity to the operating frequency and ambient temperature is different, and the characteristics of each transmit or receive link change due to the above reasons It is also different, so the calibration of the smart antenna array should be performed periodically while the wireless base station is running.
  • an antenna unit 201, a coupling structure 205, a feeding cable 206, and a beacon receive and transmit signals.
  • the calibration link formed by the serial connection of the transmitters 207, and the coupling structure 205 is RF-coupled to all the antenna units 201-1, 201-2, 201-N of the smart antenna array, and the radio frequency signals are distributed to the smart antennas as required.
  • the beacon transceiver 207 has the same structure as the other radio frequency transceivers 203-1, 203-2, 203-N in the base station, and shares the same local oscillator signal source 208.
  • the beacon transceiver 207 works in coherence with other radio frequency transceivers 203-1, 203-2, ... 203-N in the base station, and is connected to the baseband signal processor 204 of the base station through a digital bus. Each antenna unit, the feeder cable and the radio frequency transceiver are connected to form a transmitting link or a receiving link.
  • Ac, A :, A 2 ... A N are the connection ends of the antenna unit and the feeding cables 202-1, 202-2, 202-N, and Bc, B 2 ,-.. B N are The connection ends of the beacon transceiver 207 and each of the radio frequency transceivers 203-1, 203-2, ... 203-N and the baseband signal processor 204.
  • the beacon transceiver When calibrating, first use a vector network analyzer to calibrate the calibration link, and record its receive and transmit transmission coefficients respectively; then perform receive and transmit calibrations, respectively.
  • the beacon transceiver When receiving calibration, transmits a level signal at a given working carrier frequency, and puts all other links in the base station in the receiving state, detects the output of these receiving links and calculates each chain.
  • the ratio of the transmission coefficient (vector) of the channel at the time of reception to the transmission coefficient (vector) of the reference link, and when the ratio of the amplitude of the transmission coefficient is equal to 1, the phase difference between all the reception links and the reference link is recorded;
  • one link in the base station is turned on in turn, the other links are turned off, and the beacon transceiver is Receive the signal of the transmitting link separately on the carrier frequency, calculate the ratio of the transmission coefficient (vector) of each link during transmission to the transmission coefficient (vector) of the reference link, and the ratio of the amplitude of the transmission coefficient equals 1
  • the phase difference between all transmitting links and the reference link is recorded at the same time.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to design a method for real-time calibration of a smart antenna array system and a method of forming a calibration signal.
  • the smart antenna array system is periodically calibrated in real time, and the smart antenna array to be calibrated is calculated.
  • the compensation coefficients of the system's receive link and transmit link.
  • a method for real-time calibration of a smart antenna array system includes a receiving calibration process and a transmission calibration process; during transmission calibration, multiple transmission links simultaneously transmit calibration signals, and the calibration is performed by The receiver receives their combined signals; when receiving calibration, a calibration signal is transmitted by the calibration link, and the signal is received by multiple receiving links simultaneously; the synthetic signals received by the calibration link and the multiple signals are respectively received by the baseband signal processor.
  • the signals received by the receiving link are calculated to obtain the compensation coefficients of each receiving link and each transmitting link of the smart antenna array system.
  • pre-calibrate each antenna unit of the smart antenna array Before performing the receiving calibration and transmitting calibration processes in real time, pre-calibrate each antenna unit of the smart antenna array to obtain The transmission compensation coefficient c and the reception compensation coefficient c of each antenna unit relative to the calibration antenna unit are characterized by:
  • the calibration signal of each antenna unit is formed from the basic calibration sequence by periodic cyclic shift,
  • the calibration signal is a calibration sequence with good anti-white noise characteristics
  • the baseband signal processor first calculates the amplitude and phase response of each transmit link based on the composite signal received by the calibration link, and then according to the amplitude and phase response of each transmit link and the emission during pre-calibration A compensation coefficient cf, which is calculated and obtained for each transmission link, and is used to compensate all downlink data of the base station;
  • the baseband signal processor When receiving calibration, the baseband signal processor first calculates the amplitude and phase response of the receiving link based on the signals received by each receiving link, and then according to the amplitude and phase response of each receiving link and the reception during pre-calibration Compensation coefficient. Compensation coefficients for each receive link are calculated and used to compensate all uplink data of the base station.
  • the pre-calibration before receiving and transmitting calibration in real time further includes: connecting one end of the vector network analyzer to the calibration antenna unit, and the other end to each antenna unit of the antenna array in sequence;
  • the k-th antenna unit transmits a data signal at a fixed level, and is received by the calibration antenna unit to obtain an emission compensation coefficient c between each antenna unit and the calibration antenna unit; performing reception pre-calibration, and using the calibration antenna unit
  • Pre-calibration is performed after the production of the smart antenna array is completed, and the obtained transmission compensation coefficient and reception compensation coefficient are stored; after the smart antenna array is installed at the base station site, the stored pre-calibrated transmission compensation coefficient and reception compensation coefficient are stored Enter the baseband signal processor of the base station.
  • the length of the basic calibration sequence is WXN
  • the length of the calibration sequence is WX N + Wl
  • N is the number of antenna elements in the smart antenna array
  • W is the estimated window length of each transmit or receive link channel.
  • the transmission calibration and the reception calibration are profitable.
  • step B during transmission calibration, the compensation coefficients of each transmission link are calculated and obtained.
  • the channel impulse response of each transmission link is obtained, and then each transmission link includes a transmitter and a calibration chain.
  • the amplitude and phase response information of the path between the antenna elements of the two channels is then multiplied by the transmission compensation coefficient of the corresponding link during pre-calibration to obtain the amplitude and phase response information of each link including the path between the transmitter and its antenna element. This can use the formula to calculate the transmission compensation coefficient of each link.
  • step C when receiving calibration, calculating and obtaining the compensation coefficients of each receiving link further includes: first obtaining the channel impulse response of each receiving link, and then obtaining each receiving link including the calibration link The amplitude and phase response information of the path between the antenna unit and the receiver is then multiplied by the receive compensation coefficient of the corresponding link during pre-calibration to obtain the amplitude and phase response of each link including the path between the antenna unit and its receiver Based on this information, the formula can be used to calculate the receiving compensation coefficient of each link.
  • a method for forming a calibration signal for real-time calibration of a smart antenna array system the calibration signal is formed by periodically cyclic shifting from a basic calibration sequence, and further includes: taking a length P
  • the binary sequence m p is used as the basic calibration sequence; phase sequence is performed on the sequence m p to generate a complex vector of the calibration sequence; and the complex vector m P of the calibration sequence is periodically extended to obtain a new periodic complex vector.
  • the periodic complex vector m_ obtains a calibration vector for each antenna element; the calibration signal for each antenna element is generated from the calibration vector for each antenna element.
  • the method for real-time calibration of a smart antenna array system requires the setting of a dedicated
  • the door is composed of an antenna unit, a feed cable and a beacon transceiver; before the antenna array leaves the factory, 'the antenna array is pre-calibrated first.
  • the compensation coefficient of each antenna array unit relative to a calibrated antenna unit, and then store this compensation coefficient in the network management device of the wireless communication system; when the smart antenna array is installed on the site and works, this compensation coefficient Loaded into the base station connected to the smart antenna array.
  • Calibration is performed periodically during the operation of the base station: during transmission calibration, a fixed level calibration sequence is simultaneously transmitted by the transmitting link, and the composite signal is received at the calibration link; when calibration is received, a fixed level is transmitted by the calibration link The calibration sequence receives this signal at the same time as the receiving link.
  • the simple compensation coefficients of the receiving link and the transmitting link of the smart antenna array system to be calibrated can be calculated, so as to achieve the purpose of real-time calibration.
  • the fixed-level calibration sequence used is generated from a basic sequence by cyclic shifting.
  • the method of the present invention has a short calculation time and a simple control tube, and is particularly suitable for a third-generation mobile communication system with a high chip rate using a smart antenna technology.
  • the method of the present invention is mainly proposed for a code division multiple access wireless communication system, after simple changes, it is also fully applicable to frequency division multiple access and time division multiple access wireless communication systems, and can be used to calibrate the intelligence of work in the TDD mode.
  • the antenna array system can also be used to calibrate the smart antenna array system working in FDD mode.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wireless base station using a smart antenna array and provided with a calibration link;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of pre-calibrating a smart antenna array.
  • the method of the present invention is based on that the antenna array is a passive microwave (radio frequency) network.
  • the mutual coupling characteristics between the antenna elements constituting the antenna array and the calibration antenna unit are given in a given It is fixed at the operating frequency. In this way, it is only necessary to test each antenna unit of the antenna array relative to the calibrated antenna unit within a given operating frequency range before the antenna array product leaves the factory, that is, perform pre-calibration, and compensate each obtained antenna unit to the calibrated antenna unit
  • the coefficients are stored as pre-calibrated data in a network management database.
  • the pre-calibration data of this antenna array is loaded into the base station connected to this antenna array through network management equipment (such as 0MC-R or LMT).
  • network management equipment such as 0MC-R or LMT.
  • the method of the present invention is used in a typical time division duplex (TDD) code division multiple access wireless base station with a smart antenna.
  • the structure of the base station is shown in FIG. 1. Including N identical antenna units 201 — 1, 201-2, 2, 201-N, N identical feeding power feeds 202-1, 202-2, ...., 202-N, N coherently working radio frequencies
  • the transceivers 203-1, 203-2, ... 203-N and the corresponding baseband signal processors 204 In order to achieve calibration, a calibration link formed by connecting a radio frequency coupling structure 205, an antenna unit 201 of a calibration link, a feed cable 206, and a beacon transceiver 207 is provided.
  • the beacon transceiver 207 and N radio frequency transceivers The machines 203-1, 203-2, ... 203-N work coherently and use a common local oscillator 208.
  • the N radio frequency transceivers 203-1, 203-2, ... 203-N and the beacon transceiver 207 are connected to the baseband signal processor 204 through a data bus.
  • the first step is to use a radio frequency (microwave) vector network analyzer.
  • a radio frequency (microwave) vector network analyzer Before the smart antenna array leaves the factory, pre-calibrate each antenna unit of the smart antenna array to obtain the compensation coefficient of each antenna unit relative to a calibrated antenna unit.
  • the RF vector network analyzer 21-end is connected to the antenna unit 201 of the calibration link through the Ac end, and the other end is sequentially connected to each antenna unit 201-1, 201- of the smart antenna array 208 through the kk ... end. 2 ... 201-N, to perform the measurement of transmit pre-calibration and receive pre-calibration, respectively.
  • the channel characteristics between each antenna unit 201-1, 201-2, 201-N and the calibration antenna unit 201 are at a fixed operating frequency under the condition of no relative position damage. Under the conditions, they basically do not change with the environmental conditions, so they can be pre-calibrated and measured by the RF vector network analyzer 21.
  • TX means transmission
  • a fixed level data signal is transmitted by the antenna unit 201 of the calibration link, and each of the antenna units 2 01-1, 201 -2 ... 201 -N is transmitted.
  • Receive, and measure the receiving compensation coefficients ⁇ to 4 (i 1, ... N) ⁇ (RX stands for reception) measured by the RF vector network analyzer 21 to obtain the calibration antenna unit 201 and each antenna unit 201-1, 201-
  • the reception compensation coefficient c between 2 ... 201-N is strict.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • the second step is to input the results of the above pre-calibration (transmission compensation coefficient and reception compensation coefficient) into the network management device.
  • the compensation coefficient of this antenna array is loaded into the baseband signal processor of the wireless base station connected to this antenna array through the network management equipment (such as 0MC-R or LMT).
  • the third step is performed when the base station is started or running. Including generating calibration sequence; transmitting calibration, receiving calibration and calculating transmitting and receiving compensation coefficients.
  • a basic calibration sequence with good anti-white noise characteristics is selected, and the calibration sequence is formed by periodic cyclic shift.
  • the length P of the basic calibration sequence is WxN, where N is the number of working antenna units, ⁇ is the estimated window length of each link channel, and the length of the calibration sequence when doing transmit and receive calibration is WxN + W-1 is P + W-1.
  • the duration of the calibration using the method of the present invention is very short. In some systems where the calibration duration is limited, Let N take a larger value in order to make the system get a larger antenna gain.
  • phase equalize this basic calibration sequence m p to generate a complex vector P of the calibration sequence, that is, ((m 1 , m 2 , ..., m P ))
  • Sequence vector w Lm is the window length, which is the length of the transmission calibration sequence
  • the present invention also needs to calculate a vector S related to the basic calibration sequence, which is stored as a constant vector in the baseband processor, and is used to calculate the compensation coefficient when transmitting and receiving calibration:
  • Choosing a basic calibration sequence is to choose a binary sequence of length P such that S has the smallest norm.
  • Transmit calibration A fixed-level calibration sequence is transmitted by each antenna unit at the same time, and its composite signal is received on the calibration link.
  • the baseband signal processor processes the data received by the antenna unit of the calibration link according to the algorithm provided by the present invention, calculates the amplitude and phase response of each transmitting link, and then according to their compensation coefficients (transmission compensation coefficients) during pre-calibration ) Calculate the compensation coefficient (including amplitude and phase compensation) of each transmit link, and use the compensation coefficient to compensate all the downlink data of the wireless base station in the baseband signal processor.
  • These fixed-level signals pass through a radio frequency transceiver.
  • 203-1 ... 203-N, feeder cables 202-1 ... 202-N, antenna units 201-1 ... 201-N, and the coupling structure 205 of the antenna array is calibrated to the antenna unit 201 of the link
  • the baseband signal processor 204 calculates the data received from the calibration link (201, 206, 207), and obtains the amplitude and phase response information of each transmission link Sk ⁇ (should get Bk ⁇ Ak ⁇ A c ⁇ Bc amplitude and phase response information. Since the amplitude and phase response of the link between Ak ⁇ A c has been measured in the pre-calibration, only the amplitude and phase response information of B k ⁇ A k is needed).
  • R be the complex vector received from the baseband signal processor 204 after the calibration sequence signal transmitted by each antenna unit 202- 1-2 () 2-N is superimposed on the calibration link antenna unit 201:
  • the length of the truncated sequence is equal to the basic sequence P.
  • R p is intercepted from the middle as expressed in the following formula (There can be multiple interception methods)
  • fmax is an interpolation function for finding the peak value of the channel estimation result of the kth transmit link ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ (the specific value depends on the calculation accuracy requirements), CIR k is a complex number, which includes the kth link ⁇ A c Amplitude and phase response information between channels;
  • CIR k '' 0 is also a complex number and contains the kth transmission chain Amplitude and phase response information of the channels ⁇ ⁇ 4. Then, the amplitude and phase response information can be used to obtain the transmission compensation coefficient of the k-th link.
  • Receiving calibration A fixed-level calibration sequence is transmitted by the calibration link, and the signal is received at each receiving link.
  • the baseband signal processor calculates the amplitude and phase response information of each receiving link according to the data received by each receiving link using the algorithm provided by the present invention, and then according to them and the compensation coefficient (receiving compensation coefficient) during pre-calibration Calculate the compensation coefficient (including amplitude and phase compensation) for each receiving link, and use the compensation coefficient in the baseband signal processor to compensate all downlink data of the wireless base station.
  • each receiving link receives the amplitude and phase response information of each receiving path (A k B k ) ( You should get the amplitude and phase response information of B c a "> A C ⁇ -A k ⁇ > B k . Since the amplitude and phase response of the link between ⁇ > has been measured in the pre-calibration, only 4 ⁇ Amplitude and phase response information of the path between Bk ).
  • be the complex vector of each link received by the baseband signal processor 204:
  • the length of the truncated sequence is equal to the length P of the basic sequence, that is, the method of truncating from the middle expressed by the following formula is used. . N;
  • a channel impulse response sequence of length P is obtained by the following operation:
  • ⁇ N, fmax is an interpolation function for finding the peak value between the k-th received link channel estimation result cf ⁇ (the value depends on The calculation accuracy is required to be determined), ⁇ is a complex number, and it includes the amplitude and phase response signal ir of the k-th link ⁇ inter-path, and the receiving compensation of the path of Ac ⁇ A k obtained during pre-calibration with the k-link After multiplying the coefficients, we get:
  • Mean_power (abs (CIR k )) 2 ) / N (abs is a function that finds the magnitude).
  • the transmission compensation coefficient and the reception compensation coefficient on each link can be obtained by the following formula, but when calculating the compensation power of the reception link, the average power of the reception link and the CIR k obtained during the reception calibration are used to calculate When the compensation coefficient of the transmission link is used, the average power of the transmission link and the CJ obtained during the transmission calibration are used:
  • the calibration method is independent in the process of transmitting and receiving calibration. Therefore, the method of the present invention is the same. It is suitable for FDD CDMA wireless base stations that use different antenna arrays for receiving and sending.
  • the calculated transmission and reception compensation coefficients are used by the baseband signal processor to compensate the transmitted and received data respectively, and the real-time calibration function of the antenna array system is implemented by software.
  • the real-time calibration can be performed using a guard slot (GP) between its upper and lower pilot slots (DwPTS and UpPTS) in its frame structure.
  • GP guard slot
  • Calibration can be performed periodically during the operation of the base station.
  • Any technician who is engaged in the research and development of smart antenna calibration can easily implement the calibration of the smart antenna array system after referring to the method of the present invention on the basis of understanding the basic working principle of the smart antenna.

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Description

一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信系统的智能天线技术, 更确切地说是涉及一种 智能天线阵系统的实时校准方法。 发明背景
在现代无线通信系统中, 特别是在码分多址(CDMA )无线通信系统 中, 智能天线技术已经成为最具吸引力的技术之一。 无线基站使用智能 天线阵列和基于数字基带信号的处理技术, 对基站的接收和发射波束进 行自适应的赋形, 可以大大降低系统干扰, 提高系统容量, 降低发射功 率并提高接收灵敏度。
在名称为 "具有智能天线的时分双工同步码分多址无线通信系统" 的中国发明专利申请中 (专利号 97104039. 7 ), 公开了一种采用现代智 能天线的无线通信系统的基站结构, 包括由一个或多个天线单元组成的 天线阵列, 相应的射频馈电电缆和对应连接的一个或多个射频收发信 机。 根据天线阵列中各天线单元接收的来自用户终端的信号, 由基带信 号处理器获得此上行信号的空间矢量特征和信号到达方向 ( D0A ), 然后 将从中获得的每一条链路的权重用于下行发射波束赋形, 在时分双工具 有对称的电波传播条件下, 达到智能天线的全部功能。
为了使智能天线能准确地接收和发射信号, 必须保证组成智能天线 阵的各天线单元、 射频馈电电缆和射频收发信机之间基本没有差别, 即 每条发射及接收链路具有相同的幅度及相位响应, 而对每条发射及接收 链路进行相位及幅度补偿的过程和方法就是本发明所要涉及的智能天 线的校准。 由于所使用的各种元器件特别是有源器件的特性存在差异, 对工作 频率、 环境温度表现出的敏感度也不相同, 而每条发射或接收链路的特 性因上述原因所产生的变化也不相同, 所以对智能天线阵的校准应在无 线基站运行的同时周期性地进行。
在专利申请号为 99111350. 0, 名称为 "一种校准智能天线阵的方法 和装置"的公开文件中, 参见图 1 ,设置由天线单元 201、耦合结构 205、 馈电电缆 206与信标收发信机 207顺序连接构成的校准链路, 其耦合结 构 205与智能天线阵列的所有天线单元 201-1、 201- 2...201-N成射频耦 合连接, 将射频信号按需要分配给构成智能天线阵列的所有天线单元, 信标收发信机 207 具有与基站内其它射频收发信机 203-1、 203-2、 … 203- N相同的结构, 并共用同一个本振信号源 208 , 信标收发信机 207 与基站内其它射频收发信机 203-1、 203-2、 ...203- N相干工作, 并通过 数字总线连接基站的基带信号处理器 204。 每一个天线单元、 馈电电缆 和射频收发信机连接, 构成发射链路或接收链路。 图中 Ac、 A:, A2. ... AN 为天线单元与馈电电缆 202-1、 202-2...202-N 的连接端, Bc、 B2, -.. BN为信标收发信机 207及各射频收发信机 203- 1、 203-2、 ...203- N与基 带信号处理器 204的连接端。
校准时, 先利用矢量网络分析仪对校准链路进行校准, 分别记录其 接收与发射传输系数; 然后分别进行接收校准与发射校准。 进行接收校 准时, 是由信标收发信机在给定的工作载波频率上发射一电平信号, 并 使基站内其它所有链路处于接收状态, 检测这些接收链路的输出并计算 出各链路在接收时的传输系数(矢量)与参考链路的传输系数(矢量) 之比, 并在该传输系数的幅度之比等于 1时记录所有接收链路与参考链 路间的相位差; 进行发射校准时, 在同一时间内, 依次使基站内的一条 链路处于发射状态, 其它链路处于关闭状态, 信标收发信机在给定的工 作载波频率上分别接收该发射链路的信号, 计算出各链路在发射时传输 系数(矢量)与参考链路的传输系数(矢量)之比, 并在该传输系数的 幅度之比等于 1时记录所有发射链路与参考链路间的相位差。
该公开文件中只涉及到对智能天线阵进行实时校准时所采用装置 与方法的总体技术方案, 没有涉及工程级的具体实现过程, 包括进行发 射校准与接收校准时所釆用的校准序列及其基带信号处理器的具体计 算, 和对于处于运行状态中的智能天线系统, 如何进行实时校准等。 此 外, 在进行发射校准时, 是依次使基站内的每一条链路处于发射状态, 其它链路处于关闭状态, 不利于快速进行实时校准。 发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的方法 和校准信号的形成方法, 在基站运行过程中周期性地对智能天线阵系统 进行实时校准, 并计算出待校准智能天线阵系统的接收链路与发射链路 的补偿系数。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是这样的: 一种对智能天线阵系统进行 实时校准的方法, 包括接收校准过程和发射校准过程; 发射校准时, 由 多条发射链路同时发射校准信号, 由校准链^ 收它们的合成信号; 接 收校准时, 由校准链路发射一校准信号, 由多条接收链路同时接收该信 号; 由基带信号处理器分别对校准链路接收的合成信号和对多条接收链 路接收的信号进行计算, 获得智能天线阵系统各接收链路与各发射链路 的补偿系数; 在实时进行接收校准与发射校准过程前, 对智能天线阵各 天线单元进行预校准, 获得各天线单元相对于校准天线单元的发射补偿 系数 c 与接收补偿系数 c ; 其特征在于:
A. 由基本校准序列通过周期循环移位形成各天线单元的校准信号, 该校准信号是具有良好抗白噪声特性的校准序列;
B. 发射校准时, 基带信号处理器先根据校准链路接收的合成信号 计算出每条发射链路的幅度及相位响应, 再根据每条发射链路的幅度及 相位响应和预校准时的发射补偿系数 cf ,计算获得各条发射链路的补偿 系数, 用于对基站的所有下行数据进行补偿;
C. 接收校准时, 基带信号处理器先根据每条接收链路接收的信号 计算出 矣收链路的幅度及相位响应, 再根据每条接收链路的幅度及相 位响应和预校准时的接收补偿系数 , 计算获得各条接收链路的补偿 系数, 用于对基站的所有上行数据进行补偿。
所述的在实时进行接收校准与发射校准前的预校准, 进一步包括: 将矢量网络分析仪一端连接所述的校准天线单元, 另一端依次连接天线 阵各天线单元; 进行发射预校准, 分别由第 k个天线单元发射一固定电 平的数据信号, 由所述的校准天线单元接收, 获得各天线单元与校准天 线单元间的发射补偿系数 c ; 进行接收预校准, 由所述的校准天线单元 发射一固定电平的数据信号, 由第 k个天线单元接收, 获得校准天线单 元与各天线单元间的接收补偿系数 k=l, ...,N, N是天线阵天线单 元的个数。
预校准是在智能天线阵制作完成后进行的, 并对获得的发射补偿系 数与接收补偿系数进行存储; 在智能天线阵安装到基站现场后 , 将存储 的预校准的发射补偿系数与接收补偿系数输入基站的基带信号处理器 中。
所述的基本校准序列的长度为 W X N, 所述校准序列的长度是 W X N+W-l , N是智能天线阵中天线单元的个数, W是每条发射或接收链路 信道估计的窗长。 所述的发射校准与接收校准是在移动通信系统的空闲时隙周期性 进行的。
在 TD-SCDMA移动通信系统中, 所述的发射校准与接收校准, 是利 行的。
所述的步骤 B, 发射校准时, 计算获得各条发射链路的补偿系数, 是先获得每一条发射链路的信道冲激响应, 再求得每一条发射链路包括 发信机和校准链路天线单元间通路的幅度及相位响应信息, 再与预校准 时相应链路的发射补偿系数相乘, 获得每一条链路包括发信机和其天线 单元间通路的幅度及相位响应信息, 据此可利用公式计算出每一条链路 的发射补偿系数。
所述的步骤 C, 接收校准时, 计算获得各条接收链路的补偿系数, 进一步包括: 是先获得每一条接收链路的信道冲激响应, 再求得每一条 接收链路包括校准链路天线单元和收信机间通路的幅度及相位响应信 息, 再与预校准时相应链路的接收补偿系数相乘, 获得每一条链路包括 天线单元和其收信机间通路的幅度及相位响应信息, 据此可利用公式计 算出每一条链路的接收补偿系数。
实现本发明目的的技术方案还是这样的: 一种对智能天线阵系统进 行实时校准的校准信号的形成方法, 由基本校准序列通过周期循环移位 形成校准信号, 进一步包括: 取一个长度为 P的二进制序列 mp作为基 本校准序列; 对该序列 mp进行相位均衡, 生成校准序列的复矢量 ί¾; 对该校准序列的复矢量 mP进行周期性的扩展得到一个新的周期性复矢 量 由该周期性复矢量 m_获得对每个天线单元的校准矢量; 由对每个 天线单元的校准矢量生成所述的对每个天线单元的校准信号。
本发明的对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的方法, 需要设置一条专 门为了实现校准功能的校准链路(如背景技术中所描迷的那样), 由天 线单元、 馈电电缆和信标收发信机连接构成; 在天线阵列出厂前, '先对 天线阵列进行预校准, 获得各天线阵单元相对于一校准天线单元的补偿 系数, 然后可将此补偿系数存储在无线通信系统的网络管理设备中; 在 将智能天线阵列安装到现场并工作时, 再将此补偿系数加载到与智能天 线阵列连接的基站内。
校准在基站运行过程中周期性地进行: 发射校准时, 由发射链路同 时发射固定电平的校准序列,在校准链路接收此合成信号;接收校准时, 由校准链路发射一个固定电平的校准序列, 在接收链路同时接收此信 号。
通过本发明的计算方法对上述接收信号 行计算, 就可以计算出待 校准的智能天线阵系统的接收链路与发射链路的朴偿系数, 达到实时校 准的目的。
所使用的固定电平的校准序列是由某个基本序列通过循环移位生 成的。
本发明的方法, 计算时间短, 控制筒单, 特别适用于采用智能天线 技术的具有高码片速率的第三代移动通信系统中。
本发明的方法虽然主要针对码分多址的无线通信系统提出, 但经过 简单改变后, 也完全适用于频分多址和时分多址无线通信系统, 既可以 用于校准 TDD方式下工作的智能天线阵系统, 也可以用于校准 FDD方式 下工作的智能天线阵系统。
采用本发明方法对智能天线阵系统进行校准 , 波束相对校准前有很 大的改善, 降低了发射功率, 使智能天线技术得到很好的实现。 附图简要说明
图 1是使用智能天线阵并设有校准链路的无线基站结构示意图; 图 2是对智能天线阵进行预校准的结构示意图。 实施本发明的方式
本发明的方法是基于天线阵是一个无源的微波(射频) 网络, 在产 品定型、 结构固定的前提下, 组成此天线阵的各天线单元与校准天线单 元间的相互耦合特性在给定的工作频率下是固定不变的。 这样, 只需要 在天线阵产品出厂前, 对此天线阵各天线单元相对校准天线单元在给定 工作频率范围内进行测试, 即进行预校准, 并将获得的各个天线单元相 对校准天线单元的补偿系数作为预校准数据存储在网络管理数据库中。 在工程现场,天线阵安装完毕后,再通过网络管理设备(如 0MC-R或 LMT ) 将此天线阵的预校准数据加载到与此天线阵所连接的基站内。 这样在基 站开始工作及在运行中, 就可以使用本发明的实时校准方法, 对此天线 阵系统进行实时校准。
本发明方法在典型的具有智能天线的时分双工 (TDD )码分多址的 无线基站中使用,该基站结构如图 1所示。包括 N个相同的天线单元 201 — 1 , 201 - 2 , 201 - N, N条相同的馈电电馈 202 - 1 , 202 - 2 , .... , 202 - N , N个相干工作的射频收发信机 203-1 , 203-2 , ...203-N和相应 的基带信号处理器 204。为了实现校准,还设置一个由射频耦合结构 205、 校准链路的天线单元 201、 馈电电缆 206和信标收发信机 207连接构成 的校准链路, 信标收发信机 207 与 N 个射频收发信机 203-1 , 203-2 , ...203-N相干工作, 并使用共同的本振 208。 N个射频收发信机 203-1 , 203-2 , ...203-N和信标收发信机 207通过数据总线连接基带信 号处理器 204。 本发明方法进行实时校准的几个关键步骤包括:
第一步骤, 是用射频(微波) 矢量网絡分析仪, 在智能天线阵出厂 前, 对智能天线阵的各天线单元进行预校准, 得到各个天线单元相对一 校准天线单元的补偿系数。
参见图 2, 预校准时, 射频矢量网络分析仪 21—端通过 Ac端连接 校准链路的天线单元 201 , 另一端通过 k k… 端依次连接智能天线 阵 208的各天线单元 201- 1、 201-2 ... 201-N, 分别进行发射预校准和接 收预校准的测量。
如果智能天线阵的结构设计得比较牢固, 在没有相对位置破坏的条 件下, 可以认为各天线单元 201-1、 201- 2— 201-N与校准天线单元 201 间的信道特性在固定工作频率的条件下是基本不随环境条件变化的, 因 而可以用射频矢量网络分析仪 21对它们进行预校准测量。
进行发射预校准时, 分别由各天线单元 201-1、 20卜 2 ... 201- N发射 一固定电平的数据信号, 由校准链路的天线单元 201接收, 经射频矢量 网络分析仪 21测量得到 4 ( i=l , ... N )到^间的发射补偿系数 ( TX 表示发射), 即获得各天线单元 201-1、 201-2— 201- N 与校准天线单元 201间的发射补偿系数 进行接收预校准时, 由所述的校准链路的天 线单元 201发射一固定电平的数据信号,和由所述的各天线单元 201-1、 201 -2 ... 201 -N接收,经射频矢量网络分析仪 21测量得到 ^到 4 ( i =1 ,… N ) 间的接收补偿系数^ ( RX表示接收), 即获得校准天线单元 201与 各天线单元 201-1、 201-2 ... 201-N间的接收补偿系数 c严。
一般来说, 对于时分双工 (TDD )码分多址的无线基站, 由于每一 个收发信机连接的是同一个天线单元(收发链路共用天线单元), 因此 测量后的各天线单元的发射补偿系数等于其接收补偿系数, = 。 而对于频分双工 (FDD) C腿 A移动通信系统, 在使用智能天线技术 时, 为了保证收信和发信链路的隔离, 其收信和发信一般分别使用不同 的天线阵, 所以在进行预校准时应对两个天线阵的各天线单元分别进行 测量, '进行预校准。
. 第二步骤,是将上述预校准的结果(发射补偿系数与接收补偿系数) 输入到网络管理设备中。 在工程现场天线阵安装完毕后, 通过网络管理 设备(如 0MC-R或 LMT)再将此天线阵的补偿系数加载到与此天线阵所 连接的无线基站的基带信号处理器内。
第三步骤,是在基站开始运行或运行中进行的。 包括生成校准序列; 发射校准、 接收校准和计算发射与接收补偿系数。
选择具有良好抗白噪特性的基本校准序列, 通过周期循环移位形成 校准序列。基本校准序列的长度 P是 WxN, 其中 N是工作天线单元的个 数, ¥是每条链路信道估计的窗长, 做发射及接收校准时的校准序列的 长度是 WxN + W - 1即为 P + W - 1。
由于 W是一个只跟各天线单元硬件时延不一致性有关的数(一般很 小), 因此采用本发明方法进行校准时的持续时间很短, 在某些校准持 续时间受限的系统中, 还可让 N取较大的值, 以便使系统获得更大的天 线增益。
由基本校准序列生成校准序列的过程是:
( 1 ) 取一长度为 p 的二进制序列 mp作为基本校准序列, mp =(n ,m2,.,.,mP) p= N (为方便计算, P可选择 2的冪次方);
(2) 为了保证相位不突变, 提高校准的准确性, 对此基本校准序 列 mp进行相位均衡,生成校准序列的复数矢量 P ,即 =(m1,m2,...,mP) , 元素 由 序列 mp中的 m,.得来: =(j)'— ,. ( i = l,...,P ), J是(-1)的 平方根(由此式实现相位均衡); ( 3 ) 为了产生每个天线单元所需的校准序列, 对此基本校准序列 进行周 期 性 的 扩 展 , 得到 一 个 新 的 复数 矢 量 ffi : m =
Figure imgf000012_0001
(m2,m3,...,mp ,¾,¾,...,¾);
( 4 ) 由这个周期性复数矢量可以得到每个天线单元的校准序列矢 量, 从而生成固定电平的校准信号:
序列矢量 w
Figure imgf000012_0002
Lm是窗长, 即发射校准序列长度)
序列矢量中的一个元素 =m ― kw , i = -, , 和 k = \,〜,N (k 是工作的天线阵中任一个天线单元)。
同时, 本发明还需要计算和基本校准序列有关的一个矢量 S, 作为 常数矢量存储在基带处理器中, 在发射校准与接收校准时, 用于计算补 偿系数:
S = lJ (S ) = l./ fei, "",¾ ' 式中. /是点除' fft 是作快速傅里 叶变换。
选择基本校准序列就是选择使得 S具有最小范数, 长度为 P的二进 制序列。
发射校准: 同时由每个天线单元发射固定电平的校准序列, 并在校 准链路接收其合成信号。 基带信号处理器按照本发明提供的算法对校准 链路的天线单元接收的数据进行处理, 计算出每条发射链路的幅度及相 位响应, 然后根据它们在预校准时的补偿系数(发射补偿系数)计算出 每条发射链路的补偿系数(含幅度及相位补偿), 并且在基带信号处理 器中利用该补偿系数对无线基站的所有下行数据进行补偿。
以图 1所示的基站结构为例, N条发射链路在 ^ (k= .N) 点以一 定功率发射校准序列矢量 w , 这些固定电平的信号经过射频收发信机 203-1 ...203-N, 馈电电缆 202 - 1...202- N、 天线单元 201-1...201-N, 以 及天线阵列的耦合结构 205被校准链路的天线单元 201接收, 基带信号 处理器 204对从校准链路(201、 206、 207 )接收的数据进行计算, 得 到每条发射链路 Sk→ 的幅度及相位响应信息 (应该得到 Bk→Ak→Ac→Bc的幅度及相位响应信息, 由于 Ak→Ac间链路的幅度及 相位响应已在预校准中进行了测量,故只需获得 Bk→Ak的幅度及相位响 应信息)。
设 R为各天线单元 202- 1一2()2- N发射的校准序列信号在校准链路 天线单元 201叠加后, 从基带信号处理器 204接收到的复数矢量:
接收序列: R = (r! , r2 r; ) 1=ρ+2 (w-1) ,
从中截取一段序列, 截取序列的长度等于基本序列 P , 即令
Rp 如采用下式表达的从中间截取(可以有多种截取方式 )
Figure imgf000013_0001
Figure imgf000013_0002
通过下式运算获得一长度为 P 的信道冲激响应序列: CIR = {c] ,c2,...,cp)= iMffi(RP-S)) , 式中.是点乘, fft是快速傅里叶变换, ifft 是快速傅里叶逆变换, S是前述求得的常数矢量;
计算 C ¾
Figure imgf000013_0003
k=l, . . N,
fmax为求第 k条发射链路信道估计结果 ^,〜^^之间峰值的插值 函数(具体取值视计算精度要求确定), CIRk为一个复数, 包含了第 k 条链路 → Ac间通路的幅度及相位响应信息;
与该第 k条链路预校准时求得的 Ak→Ac间的发射补偿系数 cf相乘 后, 得到;
CIRk'
Figure imgf000013_0004
0 也是一个复数, 包含了第 k条发射链 路^→4间通路的幅度及相位响应信息。然后就可利用该幅度及相位响 应信息求得第 k链路的发射补偿系数了。
接收校准: 由校准链路发射固定电平的校准序列, 同时在各接收链 路接收该信号。 由基带信号处理器根据每条接收链路接收的数据, 用本 发明提供的算法计算出每条接收链路的幅度及相位响应信息, 然后根据 它们以及预校准时的补偿系数(接收补偿系数)计算出每条接收链路的 补偿系数(含幅度及相位补偿), 并且在基带信号处理器中利用该补偿 系数对无线基站的所有下行数据进行补偿。
仍以图 1所示的基站结构为例, 校准链路(201、 206、 207 )在 端 以一定功率发射校准矢量 ( k=l , ...., N ),该信号经过辆合结构 205、 天线阵各天线单元 201 - 1 , 201 - 2, …, 201 - N、 馈电电缆 202 - 1, 202 - 2, …, 202 - N、 射频收发信机 203 - 1 , 203 - 2 , .... , 203 - N, 被各接收链路接收, 基带信号处理器 204对从各接收链路接收的数据进 行计算, 得到每条接收通路( Ak Bk )的幅度及相位响应信息(应该得 到 Bc一" >AC ~- Ak ^ >Bk的幅度及相位响应信息, 由于 ^ > 间链 路的幅度及相位响应已在预校准中进行了测量,故只需获得 4 ^ Bk间 通路的幅度及相位响应信息)。
设 ^为基带信号处理器 204接收到的各链路复数矢量:
接收序列: Rk
Figure imgf000014_0001
从中截取一段序列, 截取序列的长度等于基本序列的长度 P, 即令 采用 下式表达的从中 间截取的方式,
Figure imgf000014_0002
. N;
通过下式运算获得一长度为 P的信道冲激响应序列:
CIRk = (ci,c ...,cp k)= ifft(fft(Rk p.S)) , k=l. . N, 式中. 是点乘, fft是快速 傅里叶变换, ifft是快速傅里叶逆变换, S是前述求得的常数矢量。 计算 = fmix(c^c2 k...,cp k), k=l, . · N, fmax为求第 k条接收链路信 道估计结果 cf〜 之间峰值的插值函数(取值视计算精度要求确定), α 为一个复数, 包含了第 k条链路 → 间通路的幅度及相位响应信 ir · 与该 k条链路预校准时求得的 Ac→ Ak间通路的接收补偿系数 相 乘后, 得到:
CIRk =CIRkxc , k=l...N, CJ?;也是一个复数, 包含了第 k条接收 链路 A 间通路的幅度及相位响应信息,然后就可利用该幅度及相位 响应信息求得第 k链路的接收补偿系数了。
本发明采用的计算补偿系数的公式如下:
先计算各链路的平均功率, 需对发射链路与接收链路分别计算, 即 式中的 C ^'分别是发射校准和接收校准下的计算结果。
Mean_power = (abs(CIRk))2)/N (abs是求幅值的函数) .
4=1
这样每条链路上的发射补偿系数与接收补偿系数可用下式求出, 但 在计算接收链路的补偿功率时, 用接收链路的平均功率和接收校准时求 得的 CIRk , 在计算发射链路的补偿系数时, 用发射链路的平均功率和发 射校准时求得的 CJ :
Corr_factork = sqrt(Mean_power)/ CIR'k k=l.. N。
虽然上面的描述是以时分双工 (TDD)码分多址无线基站.的基本结 构为参考进行的, 但校准方法在发射校准和接收校准的过程中则是独立 的, 因此本发明的方法同样适用于收信和发信分别使用不同天线阵的 FDD码分多址的无线基站。 本发明用计算出的发射与接收补偿系数, 由基带信号处理器分别对 发射和接收的数据进行补偿, 用软件实现了天线阵系统的实时校准功 能。
由于实际的移动通信系统不可能随时都是满负荷运行的, 总有空闲 时隙, 这些空闲时隙就可以用来作为实时校准使用。 对第三代移动通信 中的 TD-SCDMA系统, 则可以使用其帧结构中处于上下导频时隙 (DwPTS 和 UpPTS )之间的保护时隙 ( GP )来进行此实时校准。
校准在基站运行过程中可周期性地进行。
任何从事智能天线校准研究开发的技术人员, 在了解智能天线基本 工作原理的基础上, 参照本发明的方法后, 就可以很方便地实现对智能 天线阵系统的校准。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的方法, 包括接收校准过 程和发射校准过程; 发射校准时, 由多条发射链路同时发射校准信号, 由校准链路接收它们的合成信号; 接收校准时, 由校准链路发射一校准 信号, 由多条接收链路同时接收该信号; 由基带信号处理器分別对校准 链路接收的合成信号和对多条接收链路接收的信号进行计算, 获得智能 天线阵系统各接收链路与各发射链路的补偿系数; 在实时进行接收校准 与发射校准过程前, 对智能天线阵各天线单元进行预校准, 获得各天线 单元相对于校准天线单元的发射补偿系数 c 与接收补偿系数 ; 其特 征在于:
A. 由基本校准序列通过周期循环移位形成各天线单元的校准信号 , 该校准信号是具有良好抗白噪声特性的校准序列;
B. 发射校准时, 基带信号处理器先根据校准链路接收的合成信号 计算出每条发射链路的幅度及相位响应, 再根据每条发射链路的幅度及 相位响应和预校准时的发射补偿系数 c ,计算获得各条发射链路的补偿 系数, 用于对基站的所有下行数据进行补偿;
C. 接收校准时, 基带信号处理器先根据每条接收链路接收的信号 计算出 矣收链路的幅度及相位响应, 再根据每条接收链路的幅度及相 位响应和预校准时的接收补偿系数 c " , 计算获得各条接收链路的补偿 系数, 用于对基站的所有上行数据进行补偿。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于所述的在实时进行接收校准与发射校准前的预校准, 进一步包括: 将矢量网络分析仪一端连接所述的校准天线单元, 另一端 依次连接天线阵各天线单元; 进行发射预校准, 分别由第 k个天线单元 发射一固定电平的数据信号, 由所述的校准天线单元接收, 获得各天线 单元与校准天线单元间的发射补偿系数^; 进行接收预校准, 由所述的 校准天线单元发射一固定电平的数据信号, 由第 k个天线单元接收, 获 得校准天线单元与各天线单元间的接收补偿系数 Cf , k-l, ...,N, N是 天线阵天线单元的个数。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于所述步骤 A, 由基本校准序列通过周期循环移位形成 校准信号的过程进一步包括:
取一个长度为 P的二进制序列 mp作为基本校准序列;
对该序列 mp进行相位均衡, 生成校准序列的复矢量 mP;
对该校准序列的复矢量 ¾进行周期性的扩展得到一个新的周期性 复矢量 21;
由该周期性复矢量 获得对每个天线单元的校准矢量;
由对每个天线单元的校准矢量生成所述的对每个天线单元的校准 信号。
4. ^^据权利要求 3 所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于: 所述的 P选择为 2的幂次方。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤^ C中的发射校准与接收校准是在移动 通信系统的空闲时隙周期性进行的。
6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于: 在 TD- SC匪 A移动通信系统中, 所述步骤^ C中的 发射校准与接收校准, 是利用其帧结构中处于上行导频时隙与下行导频 时隙之间的保护时隙周期性进行的。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于: 所述的步骤 B, 发射校准时, 计算获得各条发射链 路的补偿系数, 进一步包括:
bl.校准链路接收到的合成信号序列复矢量是: R =(η,Γ2,...,η), 1=ρ+2
X (w-1) , P= wxN是所述基本校准序列的长度, N是智能天线阵中天 线单元的个数, w是每条发射链路信道估计的窗长;
b2. 从中截取一段长度等于基本校准序列长度 P 的序列,
b3. 按下式运算, 获得一长度为 P 的信道冲激响应序列: CIR =(c],c2,...,cp)^ifft(ffi(R?-S)) , S是一常数矢量; 按下式运算, 获得一长 度为 P的信道冲激响应序列: C/ , k=l.. N, S 是一常数矢量 '
b4. 求第 k条发射链路信道估计结果 Cwx(w)+1~Cwx4之间峰值的插值函 数, CH?fc =/maX(c 4_1)+1,… ,XJ, 获得第 k条链路包括发信机和校准链路 天线单元间通路的幅度及相位响应信息, k=l, .. N;
b5. 与该 k条链路预校准时求得的发射补偿系数 相乘, 得到第 k 条链路包括发信机到其天线单元间的幅度及相位响应信息,
Figure imgf000019_0001
b6. 按下述公式计算发射链路的平均功率:
Meanjower = (abs(CIRk))2)/N; b7. 按下式计算每条发射链路上的发射补偿系数:
Corr_factork = sqrt(Mean_power)/ CIRk , sqrt ( ) 为耳又平方才艮的函数。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的方 法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 b2, 是采用由下式表达的、 截取序列中间部 分的方式, ^ ^,,...,^^)。
9. 根据权利要求 7所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的方 法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 b3中的常数矢量 S , 是通过公式 S = l./ (mP) = \ fft{mx,m2,...,mP)求出的, 式中校准序列的复矢量 ¾是对 长度为 P的基本校准序列 mp = (m,m2,...,mP)进行;目位均衡生成^j , mP , 序列中元素 · ' ; , = 1,..., , P= wxN是所 述基本校准序列的长度, N是智能天线阵中天线单元的个数, W是每条发 射链路信道估计的窗长。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于: 所述的步骤 C, 接收校准时, 计算获得各条接收链 路的补偿系数, 进一步包括:
cl. 各接收链路接收到的信号复矢量序列: Rk =、ri k,C 、, l=p+2 (w-1) , k=l.. N , P=wxN是所述基本校准序列的长度, N是智能天 线阵中天线单元的个数, w是每条接收链路信道估计的窗长:
c2. 从中截取一段长度等于基本序列长度 P 的序列, … , H.. N;
c3. 按下式运算, 获得一长度为 P 的信道冲激响应序列: CIRk =
Figure imgf000020_0001
ifft(fft(Rk p.S)) ,k=l.. N, S是一常数矢量:
c4. 求第 k条接收链路信道估计结果 〜 之间峰值的插值函数, CIRk
Figure imgf000020_0002
获得第 k条链路包括校准链路天线单元和其射频 收信机间通路的幅度及相位响应信息, k=l, ...N;
c5. 与该 k条链路预校准时求得的接收补偿系数 ( 相乘,得到第 k 条接收链路包括其天线单元和射频收信机间通路的幅度及相位响应信 CIRk' =CIRkxc^Y , k=l...N;
c6. 按下述公式计算接收链路的平均功率:
N
Mean_power = (abs(CIRk))2)/N;
k=\
c7. 按下式计算每条链路上的接收补偿系数:
Corr_factork = sqrt(Mean_power)/ CIR'k , k=l.. Ν, sqrt ( ) 为取平方才艮 的函数。
11. 根据权利要求 10所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准 的方法, 其特征在于: 所述步驟 c2中, 是采用由下式表达的、 截取序列 中间部分的方式,
Figure imgf000021_0001
12.根据权利要求 10所述的一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的 方法, 其特征在于: 所述步骤 c3 中的常数矢量 S, 是通过公式 5 = lJ (mP) = l ffi(ml,m2,...,mP)求出的, 式中校准序列的复矢量 mP是对 长度为 P 的基本校准序列
Figure imgf000021_0002
进行相位均衡生成的, mP ={mx,m2,...,mP) , 序列中元素 = 'm, , i = l,...,P , P=wxN是所 述基本校准序列的长度, N是智能天线阵中天线单元的个数, w是每条 接收链路信道估计的窗长 4
13.一种对智能天线阵系统进行实时校准的校准信号的形成方法, 由基本校准序列通过周期循环移位形成校准信号, 其特征在于包括以下 处理步驟:
al. 取一个长度为 P 的二进制序列 mp作为基本校准序列,
) , P=WxN, N是智能天线阵中天线单元的个数, w是 每条发射或接收链路信道估计的窗长;
a2.对该基本校准序列 mp进行相位均衡,生成校准序列的复数矢量 nip, mv =(m1,m2,...,mP) , 序列中元素 = (j)'-' · , i = l,...,P, j是—1的平 方根;
a3.对该校准序列的复数矢量 ¾进行周期性的扩展,得到一个新的 周期'! "生复数矢量 m, m = (m m2,...,mim = [m2,m3,...,mp ,mx,m2,...,mp)
a4.由该周期性复数矢量 m_获得对每个天线单元的长度 Lm为 P+w-1 的校准序列矢量, ^^ "..,^ , k=:L..N,校准序列矢量中的任 一个元素^ ^-^―^ i = l,...,Lm 和 k = .,N',
a5. 由校准序列矢量按照校准要求生成具有固定功率的校准信号。
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