WO2004044255A1 - 放電加工用電極材料およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
放電加工用電極材料およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004044255A1 WO2004044255A1 PCT/JP2003/014281 JP0314281W WO2004044255A1 WO 2004044255 A1 WO2004044255 A1 WO 2004044255A1 JP 0314281 W JP0314281 W JP 0314281W WO 2004044255 A1 WO2004044255 A1 WO 2004044255A1
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0475—Impregnated alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
- B23H1/06—Electrode material
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0031—Matrix based on refractory metals, W, Mo, Nb, Hf, Ta, Zr, Ti, V or alloys thereof
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/041—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode material for electric discharge machining and a method for manufacturing the same, but does not cover an electrode material for a cut wire for wire electric discharge machining. It is about the method. Background art
- the machining speed of a workpiece is high and that the electrode for electric discharge machining itself is less consumed.
- the surface condition of the electrode for electro-discharge machining is transferred to the workpiece, there should be no cavities on the surface or inside of the electrode for electro-discharge machining, or the cavities should be as small as possible However, for example, 4 ⁇ m or less has been desired.
- the W_Cu alloy and the W_Ag alloy utilize the high melting point and boiling point of W and the high thermal conductivity and electric conductivity of Cu or Ag to minimize electrode consumption, and therefore require precision processing and It has been used as an electrode material suitable for finish machining, especially as an electrode for electrical discharge machining, which is suitable for precision machining applications and carbide-type electric discharge machining applications.
- an alkali metal element such as Na or K
- an alkaline earth metal element such as Sr or Ca
- an alloy thereof in an alloy such as W—Cu.
- Electrode materials for electric discharge applications have been developed in which the work function of the alloy is reduced by adding an oxide, and the machining speed is improved.
- the E____ electrode with an alkali metal element, an alkaline-earth metal element, or its oxide contains the work function certainly low, and although improvement in machining speed etc. can be obtained, it is improved.
- the electric discharge machining characteristics are not always sufficient.
- further improvement and improvement of the wear resistance and machining speed of the electrode have been desired.
- some of the metal components to be added are toxic or hygroscopic, making them inconvenient to handle and difficult to manufacture.
- the present invention has been made in view of such conventional circumstances, and is an electrode material for electric discharge machining comprising a W—Cu alloy and a method for producing the electrode material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode material for electric discharge machining excellent in machining characteristics and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides an electrode material mainly composed of a W—Cu alloy for die sinking electrical discharge machining, and does not cover an electrode for wire electrical discharge machining, a so-called cut wire.
- the electrode material of the present invention is made of a W—Cu alloy, and its composition and manufacturing method differ.
- it is necessary to reduce the straightness of the wire, the strength at high temperatures, and the number of times the cut wire breaks, in addition to the curling speed of the cut wire. Not for purpose. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have studied in detail the discharge phenomenon of a W—Cu alloy through trial production and evaluation in order to achieve the above object. As a result, it was found that the discharge phenomenon was not stable because the W_Cu alloy was composed of the Cu portion and the W portion. In other words, physical properties such as thermal conductivity differ between Cu and W, resulting in unstable arc behavior due to local non-uniformity of the W—Cu alloy composition.
- an element with a small work function such as an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, or an oxide of these elements It has been found that arc behavior is stabilized by adding a metal, hydroxide, nitride, boride, sulfide and the like and reducing the average particle size. Arc behavior is stable and discharge phenomena easily occur As a result, it has been confirmed that the wear resistance of the electrode is improved and, at the same time, the electric discharge machining speed is also improved, which has led to the present invention.
- the first electrode material for electrical discharge machining provided by the present invention is a W—Cu alloy comprising 40% by weight or more of W, 15% by weight or less of an additive element or a compound thereof, and the balance of Cu.
- the additive element or compound thereof is at least selected from an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements. It is characterized in that one type contains 10% by weight or less and the average particle size of the particles is less than 3 ⁇ m.
- these particles are added to the W—C alloy. It has been found that the same effect can be obtained by reducing the distance between particles, which is an interval. Generally, when fine powder is used, the distance between particles tends to be small. However, the same effect can be expected when the distance between particles can be made small even if the particles are large.
- the second electrode material for electric discharge machining is composed of 40% by weight or more of W, 15% by weight or less of an additive element or its compound, and the balance of Cu.
- a W—Cu alloy wherein the additive element or a compound thereof includes an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements; At least one selected from 10 weight. / 0 or less, and the average distance between the particles is 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the first and second electrode materials for electric discharge machining of the present invention can also have the characteristics. That is, the third electrode material for electric discharge machining provided by the present invention is W / Cu composed of 40% by weight or more of W, 15% by weight or less of an additive element or its compound, and the balance of Cu.
- An alloy, wherein the additive element or its compound is selected from alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, rare earth elements, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements It is characterized by containing at least one kind of not more than 10% by weight / o, having an average particle diameter of less than 3 m and an average interparticle distance of not more than 20 m.
- the alkali metal element, the alkaline earth metal element, the rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements are used. It is preferable that at least one kind of particles selected from the following has an average particle size of less than 1 m.
- the alkali metal element, the alkaline earth metal element, the rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements are used.
- the at least one selected particle preferably has an average interparticle distance of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the fourth electrode material for electric discharge machining provided by the present invention is 40% by weight or more and 15% by weight.
- W-Cu alloy comprising the following additional elements or compounds thereof and the balance of Cu, wherein the additional elements or the compounds thereof include an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, and At least one element selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of the element is contained in an amount of not more than 10% by weight and particles having a particle size of not more than 3 ⁇ m in the entire alloy. It is characterized by containing 3% by weight or more.
- the metal element of alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal element, rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements are provided. At least one selected from the group consisting of particles with a particle size of 3 ⁇ m or less, or 0.6% by weight or more, or particles with a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less Is preferably contained in an amount of 0.3% by weight or more.
- the fifth electrode material for electric discharge machining provided by the present invention has W of 40% by weight or more and 15% by weight. /.
- a W—Cu alloy comprising the following additive element or a compound thereof and the balance of Cu, wherein the additive element or the compound thereof includes an Al metal element, an Al earth metal element, a rare earth element, And particles containing at least one selected from oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements in an amount of 10% by weight or less and having an interparticle distance of 20 ⁇ m or less. It is characterized by containing 0.3% by weight or more of the whole alloy.
- the above-mentioned alkali metal element, alkaline earth metal element, rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements are used.
- at least one selected particle is present in Cu.
- at least one kind of particles selected from the alkali metal element, alkaline earth metal element, rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements It is preferably present partially in the W particles.
- the alkali metal element, the alkaline earth metal element, the rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements are used.
- Is preferably at least one of Ba, Nd, Ce, Y, Ca, ⁇ , or an oxide or hydroxide thereof.
- the W particle contains ⁇ may be used.
- ⁇ may be doped in W.
- other elements such as A 1 may be doped together with K.
- the particles of W having a particle diameter of ⁇ or less account for 30% by weight or more of all W particles.
- 10% by weight or less of Ni can be further contained.
- the method of measuring the particle size of W particles in the W—Cu alloy is performed as follows. An arbitrary cross section of the alloy is photographed at a magnification of 150,000 by scanning electron microscopy, and this is magnified 4 times with a copier. A line segment having a length of 20 cm is arbitrarily drawn in this enlarged photograph, and the length of the intersecting W particle that intersects this line segment is measured. This operation is repeated until the number of measurements reaches 500, and the average value of the 500 measurement lengths is taken as the average particle size of W particles.
- particles of alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, rare earth elements, or oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements contained in the W—Cu alloy are also described.
- the method for measuring the particle size is the same as for the W particles described above.
- the cross section is observed by scanning electron microscope.
- the particle diameter is measured from a photograph taken at a magnification of 50,000, and the average value of arbitrary 500 particles is defined as the average particle diameter of the particles.
- the distance between particles of each particle is determined by measuring the distance from an arbitrary particle to the nearest particle, and the average value of the arbitrary 500 particles is defined as the average distance between particles.
- the method of measuring the particle size of the above particles is based on so-called surface analysis.
- the diameter of the white spot particles detected by the surface analysis is measured, and the characteristic X is picked up in consideration of the error part in the analysis, that is, from the region where the electron beam is applied for the analysis.
- the particle size is determined by subtracting 3 / im from the measured value of the white spot. For example, if the white spot measurement is 6 ⁇ , the particle size is calculated to be 3 ⁇ . If the white spot is less than 3 m, it is considered to be a small particle with a particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m. If it is observed as an ellipse, measure its minor axis to determine the particle size.
- the average particle size is obtained by arithmetically averaging the particle sizes thus obtained.
- an electrode material for electric discharge machining composed of a W—Cu alloy
- An electrode material for electric discharge machining used for engraving electric discharge machining and a method for producing the same can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the surface of the electrode material for electric discharge machining of the present invention observed using a scanning electron microscope. Best mode for implementing the invention
- the W—Cu alloy in the electrode material for discharge power of the present invention is basically composed of W (l) of 40% by weight or more and Cu (2) of the balance. Becomes 15 weight. / 0 or less additive element or its compound (3). Particularly in the electrodes for die-sinking EDM, in consideration of the discharge mosquitoes ⁇ E properties as well as ease of manufacture and the like, it is desirable that W concentration 6 0-8 0 weight 0/0.
- the W—Cu alloy contains unavoidable impurities in addition to the above.
- the two-dot chain line (4) in Fig. 1 indicates the so-called surface analysis. The white spot particles detected around the added element or its compound (3) when the addition is performed.
- the electrode material for electric discharge machining may be an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, or an oxide, hydroxide, or nitride of these elements as an additive element or a compound thereof of the W—Cu alloy. It contains at least one of the following substances: borides and sulfides.
- the content of these essential additional elements or additional compounds is set to 10% by weight or less, and preferably in the range of 0.5-5% by weight / 0 . If the content of the above-mentioned additional element and its compound exceeds 10% by weight, the machinability of the electrode for electric discharge machining itself deteriorates, which is not preferable.
- the total amount of the additional elements and their compounds contained in the W—Cu alloy, including these essential additional elements or additional compounds, is 15% by weight or less.
- the above-mentioned essential additive elements or compounds that is, alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, rare earth elements, or oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides thereof are particles in the W_Cu alloy.
- Exists as The average particle size of the particles must be less than 3 ⁇ , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ m. When the average particle size of the above particles is 3 ⁇ m or more, the electric discharge machining characteristics are reduced, and in particular, the wear resistance of the electrode is significantly reduced.
- the particles of the above-mentioned essential additive elements or compounds, such as alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, rare earth elements, or oxides thereof, can also be discharged by reducing the average interparticle distance.
- the characteristics are improved and the wear resistance of the electrodes is improved.
- the average distance between these particles is preferably as small as possible, specifically, it needs to be 20 m or less, and preferably 1 ⁇ or less. If the average interparticle distance exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the effect of improving the electrode's wear resistance and processing speed characteristics is poor.
- the above-mentioned particles of the essential additive element or the additive compound not only the average particle size but also a small particle size, even if a part of the particles, improves the electric discharge machining characteristics and the wear resistance of the electrode. Performance can be improved.
- particles having a particle size of 3 ⁇ or less must be contained in an amount of 0.3% by weight or more of the entire alloy, and 0.6% by weight or more of the entire alloy. It is preferred that Similarly, of these particles, particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less account for 0.3 weight of the entire alloy. /. The case where the above is included is also preferable.
- the particles of the above-mentioned essential additive element or additive compound if the distance between the particles is small, not the distance between the particles, but a part of the particles, the electric discharge machining characteristics are improved and the wear resistance of the electrode is improved. Can be improved. In this case, it is necessary that, of these particles, particles whose interparticle distance is 20 ⁇ m or less are contained in an amount of 0.3% by weight / 0 or more of the entire alloy. Further, it is preferable that particles having a distance between particles of 10 ⁇ or less be contained in an amount of 0.3% by weight or more of the entire alloy, and be contained in an amount of 0.7% by weight or more of the entire alloy. More preferred.
- a powder having a small particle diameter may be used as a raw material powder.
- a method of extending the mixing time of the powder is simple and preferable. For example, the normal mixing time is about 5 hours, but by setting the mixing time to three times or more the dispersion of the particles is improved, and the average interparticle distance can be reduced to 20 ⁇ m or less. The average interparticle distance can also be reduced by increasing the concentration of the essential additive element or compound.
- the mechanical alloying method is effective, and a wet method containing a small amount of an organic solvent such as alcohol as a solvent or a dry method containing no solvent may be used, but the dry method is more effective, and a typical mechanical method is used.
- the alloying method is performed dry. Usually, it is carried out in an Ar gas atmosphere, with moisture and organic solvents removed. Oxygen and nitrogen are usually harmful, and the higher these concentrations, the less the effect of mechanical alloying.
- the mechanical alloying method is not merely a method of mixing powders, but a method in which, after the mixing step, each of the powder particles is converted into an alloy powder composed of a blended powder type. It is usually used as a method for producing a heat-resistant alloy or as a method for obtaining amorphous powder.
- the present inventors have assiduously studied and found that this method is effective for improving EDM characteristics. More specifically, an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, At least one particle selected from boride and sulfide By doing so, these particles can be uniformly and finely dispersed in the W—Cu alloy.
- the mechanical alloying method at least one kind of particle selected from an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, a rare earth element, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides thereof is used.
- the particle size can be reduced to 0.5 ⁇ or less, and can be reduced to approximately 0.2 ⁇ by effective mechanical alloying.
- the distance between particles can be reduced to 5 ⁇ or less, and can be reduced to 2 m or less when mechanically effected effectively.
- particularly fine W particles can be easily obtained. That is, fine W particles can be formed by heat treatment including mechanical two-dimensional alloying and subsequent sintering.
- the sintering method may be extrusion or HIP (hot isostatic pressing).
- At least one kind of particles selected from alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, rare earth elements, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements is contained in the W particles.
- the effect is more effectively exhibited by being present in Cu than it is.
- Ce, Ba, and the like are preferably not dispersed in a composite oxide of these elements and W, but these elements or compounds thereof are preferably dispersed in Cu.
- the particles of the added elements or compounds can be dispersed in Cu. it can.
- alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, rare earth elements, and oxides, hydroxides, and nitrides of these elements can be obtained.
- At least one kind of particles selected from borides and sulfides can be dispersed in Cu and W particles.
- a force that can be uniformly dispersed in Cu and W particles Even in a state in which Cu is partially dispersed in Cu and a part of the structure in Z or W particles The characteristics as an electrode for electric discharge machining are improved. Of course, it is not always necessary to form a compound with W or Cu, and it is sufficient if these particles are dispersed.
- alkali metal elements alkaline earth metal elements, rare earth elements, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, borides, and sulfides of these elements are selected.
- the at least one kind of particles be dispersed in Cu.
- the dispersion in W particles it is preferable that at least one type of particles of these additional elements and additive compounds is contained in at least some of the W particles, but it is not necessary that all of the W particles contain them. Absent. Also, the individual W particles need not be dispersed throughout the particles, and if they are partially present in a part of the particles, an improvement in characteristics can be desired.
- alkali metal elements alkaline earth metal elements, and rare earth elements, which are essential addition elements
- the elements that are likely to exert the effect of reducing the particle size and the distance between particles are Na a metal alloys.
- K, and Al earth metal elements include Ca, Sr, and Ba
- rare earth elements include Y, Ce, and Nd.
- elements having a low work function and a low electronegativity are effective in improving the wear resistance of electrodes and the processing speed.
- Ba, Nd, Ce, Y, Ca, ⁇ , and oxides and hydroxides thereof are excellent.
- an element having a small electronegativity has a higher effect of addition, and an alkali metal element having an atomic weight of Ba or more is particularly effective.
- the particle size and average By reducing the particle size, inter-particle distance and average inter-particle distance and making the W particles finer, the local unevenness of the W—Cu alloy structure is further reduced, and the wear resistance of the electrode Can be further improved.
- the W particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less be blended so as to account for 30% by weight or more of all W particles.
- the above-described mechanical alloying method is particularly effective, in addition to the method using raw material powder of fine W particles.
- the powder is subjected to hydrogen reduction at a temperature of 500 ° C. or more to remove water and organic solvents, and then a mechanical alloying treatment is performed in an Ar atmosphere. It is necessary that the oxygen concentration in the solution be 60 ppm or less. Above this level, the balance between cohesion and crushing of the powders, which should occur during mechanorolling, is poor, and a good microstructure cannot be obtained.
- Some of the additional elements such as alkaline earth metal elements, alkali metal elements, and rare earth elements, have an effect of inhibiting sinterability.
- Ni which has a sintering promoting effect
- the alloy instead of part of Cu (that is, Ni is not included in the additional elements). If the content of Ni in the W_Cu alloy exceeds 10% by weight, Ni lowers the electrical conductivity and the electric discharge machining characteristics deteriorate, which is not preferable.
- an Al metal element, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth, and oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, At least one powder selected from borides and sulfides and the raw material powder including Cu powder and / or W powder are mixed as usual, or as a more preferable mixing method, a co-precipitation method.
- a mechanical alloying method in which a strong mixing is performed in a dry manner.
- an electrode material for electric discharge machining composed of a W—Cu alloy can be manufactured by the following ordinary sintering method or infiltration method.
- a W powder containing 30% by weight or more of powder having an average particle diameter of 1 nm or less and a BaO powder having an average particle diameter of ⁇ are mixed with Cu powder.
- the desired final alloy composition After embossing this mixed powder, it is heated and sintered in a hydrogen atmosphere at a temperature higher than the melting point of Cu.
- the infiltration method when mixing the raw material powders, instead of using the final alloy composition, a composition excluding Cu or a composition of, for example, W_2 to 3% by weight Cu is used. Press the This embossed body is sintered at the same temperature as the melting point of Cu by infiltrating Cu into the embossed body by means such as immersion in a molten liquid of Cu. There is also a method of sintering the embossed body and then infiltrating Cu into the sintered body.
- W powder with a particle size distribution of 0.5 to 16 ⁇ , Cu powder, and BaO powder with an average particle size of 1.1 ⁇ and 3.0 ⁇ are used.
- After embossing the resulting mixed powder contact the embossed body with the material embossed with pure Cu powder and heat it at 1200 ° C in a hydrogen atmosphere Simultaneously infiltrate Cu to produce each W_Cu alloy of samples 1-3 shown in Table 1 below with a final alloy composition of W-30% by weight Cu-0.77% by weight Ba 0 did.
- samples 1 to 3 were used except that B a powder with an average particle size of 0.6 and 4.0 ⁇ m was used and mixed for 15 hours to disperse the powder more uniformly and to reduce the distance between particles.
- W- C u final alloy composition of the alloy has an average particle size of 0.6 for ⁇ the B A_ ⁇ powder W- 31 weight 0 / o C u- 2.4 wt% B A_ ⁇ the specimen 4, W-32 weight for BaO powder with average particle size of 4.0 ⁇ . / oCu—Sample 5 of 5 wt% 8 aO was prepared.
- the final alloy composition was the same under the same conditions as in Samples 1 to 3 except that BaO powder having an average particle size of 4.4 ⁇ was used. W-30% by weight Cu_0.77% by weight A W_Cu alloy of sample 7 was prepared.
- each of the W—Cu alloys of Samples 1 to 7 prepared as described above was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the average particle diameter and average distance between Ba O particles and the particle diameter of 1 ⁇ or less were observed.
- the ratio (% by weight) of the W particles to the total W particles was determined, and the obtained results are shown in Table 1 below.
- the discharge processing characteristics were evaluated using the electrodes made of each W-Cu alloy of Samples 1 to 7. In other words, the electrode is used as a cathode, and a 15 x 15 mm electrode is opposed to the workpiece (workpiece) WC—10-15% by weight Co cemented carbide so that it covers only a 15 x 5 mm surface.
- Die-sinker EDM was performed to a depth of 4 mm, and the electrode wear rate and machining speed at that time were evaluated.
- the electrode consumption rate was calculated using the processing volume of the workpiece as a denominator and the electrode consumption volume as a numerator.
- the processing speed indicates the processing volume of a workpiece in numerical values per minute. The results obtained are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1
- Samples marked with * are comparative examples.
- Sample 6 alloy contains Ni.
- the smaller the average particle size and Z or the average interparticle distance of BaO particles contained in the W—Cu alloy the more excellent the EDM characteristics, especially the resistance to electrode wear Excellent in nature.
- Sample 7 in which the average particle diameter of Ba ⁇ particles is larger than 3 ⁇ shows that the electric discharge machining characteristics are inferior, and in particular, the wear resistance of the electrodes is significantly reduced. .
- Samples marked with * are comparative examples. From the results shown in Table 2, W- C when oxides contained in u in the alloy of the N d 2 0 3 or C E_ ⁇ 2 also, as the average between the particle size and Z or the average particle distance that is small, It can be seen that it has excellent electric discharge machining characteristics. On the other hand, in the samples 10 and 13 of the comparative examples in which the average particle size of the oxide particles is larger than 3, it can be seen that the wear resistance of the electrode is particularly significantly reduced.
- Samples marked with * are comparative examples.
- BaO particles of sample 17 are 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the final composition was W-30 weight. /. Cu—0.7 weight. / 0 B aO, and the ratio (% by weight) of the B a O particles having an interparticle distance of 20 ⁇ m or less and 10 ⁇ m or less in the entire alloy is as shown in Table 4 below.
- Sample 22 is a powder produced by a mechanical caring method. That is, sample 2
- Example 2 was mixed with an attritor in the same manner as in Example 1, and this powder was reduced to remove water and organic solvents.
- the ratio (wt%) of the B a O particles of 20 ⁇ or less and 10 m or less in the whole alloy and the ratio (wt%) of the W particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ or less in the total W particles are determined.
- the electrode wear rate and the processing speed were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4
- Samples marked with * are comparative examples.
- the larger the ratio (% by weight) of the particles having an interparticle distance of 20 ⁇ m or less is, The greater the ratio (weight ° / 0 ) of particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ or less, the better the electrical discharge machining characteristics.
- This invention is used for the electrode material for electric discharge machining, especially the electrode material used for die sinking electric discharge machining.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/532,543 US20060157451A1 (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2003-11-10 | Electrode material for electrical discharge machining and method for production thereof |
EP03811096A EP1574591A4 (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2003-11-10 | ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR SPARK EROSION PROCESSING AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD |
AU2003277656A AU2003277656B2 (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2003-11-10 | Electrode material for electric discharge machining and method for production thereof |
CA002500351A CA2500351A1 (en) | 2002-11-11 | 2003-11-10 | Electrode material for electric discharge machining and method for production thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002-326244 | 2002-11-11 | ||
JP2002326244 | 2002-11-11 |
Publications (1)
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WO2004044255A1 true WO2004044255A1 (ja) | 2004-05-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2003/014281 WO2004044255A1 (ja) | 2002-11-11 | 2003-11-10 | 放電加工用電極材料およびその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060157451A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1574591A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101080528B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1711366A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003277656B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2500351A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004044255A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20130264314A1 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2013-10-10 | Nippon Tungsten Co., Ltd. | Electrode for electric discharge machining |
US20140224859A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-08-14 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Coated rotary tool and method for manufacturing the same |
CN103619525B (zh) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-10-12 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 被覆旋转工具及其制造方法 |
KR101960206B1 (ko) | 2014-09-30 | 2019-03-19 | 제이엑스금속주식회사 | 텅스텐 스퍼터링 타깃 및 그 제조 방법 |
US20220411901A1 (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-12-29 | General Electric Company | Oxide dispersion strengthened refractory based alloy |
Citations (6)
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JPS5322319B1 (ja) * | 1969-04-15 | 1978-07-07 | ||
JPS6311421B2 (ja) * | 1985-11-26 | 1988-03-14 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | |
JPS63195242A (ja) * | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-12 | Nippon Tungsten Co Ltd | 放電加工用電極材料 |
JPH10310841A (ja) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-11-24 | Toshiba Corp | セラミックコーティング材料,その製造方法および同材料を用いた高温部材 |
JPH11256262A (ja) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | タングステン電極材 |
JP2002167631A (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-11 | Toshiba Corp | 電気接点材料及びその製造方法及びガス遮断器 |
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US3340052A (en) * | 1961-12-26 | 1967-09-05 | Inoue Kiyoshi | Method of electrically sintering discrete bodies |
US3413435A (en) * | 1964-10-02 | 1968-11-26 | Rametco Inc | Electrical discharge machine electrodes impregnated with inorganic compounds |
US3459915A (en) * | 1967-05-03 | 1969-08-05 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electrical discharge machining electrode comprising tungsten particles in a silver matrix |
US3379524A (en) * | 1967-06-21 | 1968-04-23 | Kopco Ind | Process for producing castable electrical discharge machining electrode material |
US3745296A (en) * | 1971-08-20 | 1973-07-10 | Kennecott Copper Corp | Copper tool material for electrical discharge machining |
US4027134A (en) * | 1973-11-12 | 1977-05-31 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. | Electrode for electrical discharge machining |
JPS5322319A (en) | 1976-08-13 | 1978-03-01 | Hitachi Ltd | Chinese character typewriter |
US4469654A (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1984-09-04 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | EDM Electrodes |
US4373127A (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1983-02-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | EDM Electrodes |
US5369240A (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1994-11-29 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Graphite matrix electrode with dispersed silicon particles |
AR047658A1 (es) * | 2004-02-03 | 2006-02-01 | Cargill Inc | Concentrado de proteinas y corriente acuosa con carbohidratos hidrosolubles |
-
2003
- 2003-11-10 KR KR1020057008270A patent/KR101080528B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-11-10 CN CNA200380102969XA patent/CN1711366A/zh active Pending
- 2003-11-10 AU AU2003277656A patent/AU2003277656B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-11-10 US US10/532,543 patent/US20060157451A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-10 CA CA002500351A patent/CA2500351A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-10 WO PCT/JP2003/014281 patent/WO2004044255A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-11-10 EP EP03811096A patent/EP1574591A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS5322319B1 (ja) * | 1969-04-15 | 1978-07-07 | ||
JPS6311421B2 (ja) * | 1985-11-26 | 1988-03-14 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | |
JPS63195242A (ja) * | 1987-02-06 | 1988-08-12 | Nippon Tungsten Co Ltd | 放電加工用電極材料 |
JPH10310841A (ja) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-11-24 | Toshiba Corp | セラミックコーティング材料,その製造方法および同材料を用いた高温部材 |
JPH11256262A (ja) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-09-21 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | タングステン電極材 |
JP2002167631A (ja) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-06-11 | Toshiba Corp | 電気接点材料及びその製造方法及びガス遮断器 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1574591A1 (en) | 2005-09-14 |
EP1574591A4 (en) | 2010-01-27 |
KR101080528B1 (ko) | 2011-11-04 |
US20060157451A1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
AU2003277656A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
CA2500351A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 |
KR20050072138A (ko) | 2005-07-08 |
CN1711366A (zh) | 2005-12-21 |
AU2003277656B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
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