WO2004034484A2 - Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem kühlkreislauf - Google Patents
Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem kühlkreislauf Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004034484A2 WO2004034484A2 PCT/EP2003/010148 EP0310148W WO2004034484A2 WO 2004034484 A2 WO2004034484 A2 WO 2004034484A2 EP 0310148 W EP0310148 W EP 0310148W WO 2004034484 A2 WO2004034484 A2 WO 2004034484A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- fuel cell
- outlet
- hydrogen
- coolant
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for cooling a fuel cell system with a fuel cell which has an anode space to which a hydrogen-containing gas is supplied and a cathode space to which an oxygen-containing gas is supplied via an air intake system, a cooling device being arranged at least in the fuel cell which is part of a cooling circuit in which a liquid coolant is moved.
- fuel cell is understood to mean both a single and a stack of several fuel cells, which form a stack, a so-called stack.
- a power generation system with a fuel cell system which has an electrochemical fuel cell which contains an anode compartment and a cathode compartment which are separated by a proton-conducting membrane. Oxygen-containing gas, in particular air, is fed to the cathode compartment and a hydrogen-containing gas is fed to the anode compartment.
- the fuel cell is designed as a fuel cell stack and contains a cooling device or a heat exchanger which is part of a closed cooling circuit in which a pump moves the coolant water.
- the cooling circuit contains a reservoir which is connected with an inlet to an outlet of the cooling device of the fuel cell and with an outlet to the pump which feeds the water into the inlet of the cooling device of the fuel cell (EP 0800 708 B1).
- the problem is solved according to the invention in a method of the type described in the introduction in that gaseous constituents contained in the liquid coolant are separated off in the cooling circuit outside the fuel cell and are fed to the air intake system via an outlet channel which does not contain any ignition sources for an ignitable mixture.
- the invention is based on the principle of supplying the gas possibly contained in the coolant to the air intake system, in which it is mixed with a very large air flow. As a result of this mixing, the content of a gas in the air mass flow that possibly originates from the fuel cell and forms an ignitable mixture with oxygen at a certain ratio is reduced to such an extent that an ignitable mixture can no longer arise. No ignitable mixture can form in the liquid coolant due to the solution of the gases or the formation of gas bubbles of the smallest order of magnitude floating in the liquid coolant.
- the coolant emerging from the outlet of the cooling device of the fuel cell is fed to a sedimentation tank, from which gas is discharged at a previously set overpressure value and is fed via the discharge channel to the oxygen-containing gas mass flow of the air intake system and which at a pressure below the overpressure value to avoid the Escape of gas to the discharge channel is closed.
- gases penetrate from the fuel cell into the coolant the way it dissolves also changes due to its heating, so that dissolved gases are converted into floating bubbles of the smallest order of magnitude.
- This mixture enters the sedimentation tank, in which the gas bubbles are separated.
- the gas flows upwards into a gas collection area in the calming tank, whereby a gas pressure builds up.
- any gas that may be present in the coolant is separated from the liquid coolant in front of the calming container and fed into the calming container. In this way, very good degassing of the coolant is achieved with two methods.
- Gases from the discharge duct are preferably supplied to the air mass flow in the region of an air filter of the air intake system. This ensures good, even mixing.
- the exhaust gases from the fuel cell are monitored for the hydrogen content with a hydrogen sensor, the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gas being reduced below the limit value when a preset limit value for the gas content is reached by admixing hydrogen-free gas.
- the hydrogen gas content can be reduced to a very low value.
- the exhaust gases from the fuel cell are passed over a catalytic converter which reduces the concentration of hydrogen in the exhaust gases.
- a compressor in the air intake system for feeding air into the fuel cell is expediently set to run on for a predefinable period of time. This removes any fuel gas or hydrogen that may still be present by purging the air intake system.
- a calming container for the liquid coolant with a gas collection area is connected downstream of the outlet or exit of the cooling device of the fuel cell, a gas outlet valve being arranged at a predetermined gas volume or at the gas collection area
- Gas pressure in the still tank can be actuated and is connected on the outlet side to the intake system for the oxygen-containing gas via an outlet channel which has no ignition sources for an ignitable gas mixture.
- the oxygen-containing gas is generally air.
- vent line is preferably arranged between the outlet or outlet of the cooling device of the fuel cell and the gas collection area of the calming container. Vent line is also to be understood as a line with which gases, not just air, are separated from a liquid. With this further embodiment and the A very effective degassing of the coolant is achieved in two different ways.
- the discharge channel emanating from the sedimentation tank opens into the area of a gas filter in the gas intake system for the oxygen-containing gas, since this results in a uniform mixing of the gases with the oxygen-containing gas, preferably air.
- the oxygen-containing gas preferably air.
- any gas that may have been introduced from the fuel cell via the cooling circuit is reduced to a very great extent in the concentration in the gas stream supplied to the fuel cell.
- Any fuel gas present in the oxygen-containing gas stream enters the fuel cell, i.e. into the cathode compartment and leaves it with the resulting exhaust gases via the exhaust outlet.
- a sensor for measuring the fuel gas content in the exhaust gas stream is provided in the exhaust gas line for the reaction products of the fuel cell and is connected to a control unit in which a limit value for the fuel gas content in the exhaust gas stream is set and by which a valve in an access to the exhaust gas line can be controlled, which opens an opening in the exhaust gas line for the admixture of air when the set limit value is reached.
- a catalytic converter for reducing the fuel gas in the exhaust gas flow is present in the course of the exhaust gas line.
- a redundant reduction in the content of fuel gas, in particular hydrogen, is therefore provided in the exhaust gas stream, as a result of which great security is ensured for the reduction of the fuel gas.
- the calming container, the gas outlet valve and the discharge channel expediently consist of antistatic materials, as a result of which static charges and the generation of electrical discharges are avoided.
- the invention is described below with reference to an embodiment shown in a drawing, from which further details, features and advantages result.
- the drawing schematically shows a fuel cell system with a fuel cell that has a cooling device or a heat exchanger inside, the cooling device being arranged in a cooling circuit with a moving liquid coolant.
- the fuel cell system for the generation of electrical energy contains a fuel cell 1, which is designed in particular as a so-called fuel cell stack with numerous individual fuel cells.
- the fuel cell 1 contains an anode compartment 2 and a cathode compartment 3, which are separated by a proton-conducting membrane 4. Through an electrochemical reaction between the anode and the cathode, the fuel cell 1 generates an electrical voltage that can be tapped at the output lines 5, 6.
- Fuel gas, in particular hydrogen is oxidized at the anode and oxygen, which is contained in particular in the air, is reduced at the cathode.
- the anode compartment 2 is from a fuel gas source, in particular a hydrogen source, for. B.
- An intake system for an oxygen-containing gas, in particular air has an air filter 12 arranged downstream of an opening 10 of an intake duct 11. In the further course of the intake duct 11 there is a compressor 13, from which compressed air, the pressure of which is measured with a corresponding sensor 14, is fed into the anode compartment.
- the fuel cell 1 has a cooling device 15 or a heat exchanger, through which a liquid coolant, in particular water, mixed with an antifreeze is moved.
- the inlet or inlet 16 of the cooling device 15 is connected via a line 17 to a cooler or heat exchanger and a coolant pump 18.
- the outlet 19 or outlet of the cooling device 15 is connected to a ventilation line 20, which draws in the form of small bubbles of admixed or dissolved gases from the coolant which leaves the fuel cell 1 via the outlet 19 and via line 21 into a gas collection area 22 feeds a calming tank 23.
- the vent line 20 also runs with respect to the coolant to the settling tank 23 and opens below the liquid level into the tank 23, which has an outlet (not specified in more detail) below the liquid level. This output is connected via a line 24 to the suction inlet of the coolant pump 18.
- the gas collecting area 22 is connected at an outlet or outlet to a pressure relief valve 25, from which a discharge duct 26 or a pipe runs to the air intake system.
- a moisture separator 27 can be arranged, from which separated coolant is fed back into the calming tank 23 via a line 28.
- the pipe 26 opens into the housing with the air filter 12.
- the pressure relief valve 25, the discharge channel 26, the moisture separator 27 and the calming tank 23 are made of antistatic materials.
- a filler line 29 provided with a valve and an outlet line 30 provided with a valve are provided on the calming tank 23.
- the fuel cell 1 has an outlet or outlet 31 for reaction products or gases which, via a pipeline 32, reach a moisture separator 33 which extracts water from the reaction products, which water can be fed back into the fuel cell system or discharged into the atmosphere , examples for example, part of the water can be supplied to the intake air, which should have a certain moisture content when flowing into the fuel cell 1 in order to keep the membrane 4 moist.
- a catalyst 34 is connected downstream of the moisture separator 33 in a housing (not designated in any more detail), through which the hydrogen gas contained in the exhaust gas stream is oxidized.
- a sensor 35 at the outlet of the housing of the catalyst 34 detects the hydrogen content in the exhaust gas stream and transmits the measured values to a control unit 36.
- the outlet of the housing of the catalyst 34 is connected to an outlet line 37 which has an inlet line 38 in which one of the control unit 36 actuable valve 39 or a slide is arranged.
- the cooler 41 arranged between the coolant pump 18 and the inlet 16 in the course of the line 17 can be supplied with cooling air by a fan 42.
- the coolant When the coolant flows through the fuel cell 1, the coolant is heated. Hydrogen and / or air can get into the liquid coolant through diffusion and / or leakage.
- the penetration of hydrogen is particularly critical since it can form an ignitable mixture with oxygen in certain concentrations.
- the amount of hydrogen and / or oxygen or air that can be penetrated into the coolant cannot be determined.
- the invention prevents the cooling circuit from being endangered by the penetration of hydrogen and / or air into the coolant.
- the coolant in which hydrogen and / or air may be contained in bubbles of the smallest order of magnitude, passes from the cooling device 15 into the vent line 20.
- the coolant hits a bubble separator in the vent line 20.
- the gases separated in the vent line 20 flow into the gas collection space 22 of the calming container 23.
- the coolant flows out of the ventilation line 20 into the calming container 23, in which it again encounters a bubble separator, through which gas bubbles in the liquid are excreted.
- the excreted gas rises upward into the gas collection space 22.
- the greater the heating of the coolant the faster the coolant is freed from the gases.
- the gas escaping from the coolant generates increasing pressure in the calming tank 23.
- the pressure relief valve 25 opens, as a result of which gas flows into the discharge duct 26 with the moisture separator 27.
- the gas can contain hydrogen and / or oxygen in various concentrations, which depend on the diffusion or leak rate in the fuel cell 1. Ignition of this gas mixture is avoided due to the antistatic materials of the components with which the gas mixture comes into contact. In the housing of the air filter 12, the gas mixture is mixed with the air stream, the mass of which far exceeds the mass of the gas mixture supplied. Therefore a very strong dilution of the gas mixture is achieved, ie even with hydrogen gas its concentration in the air stream is reduced to a very low value.
- any hydrogen present in the air stream enters the cathode chamber 3 with the air stream and leaves it with the reaction gases via the outlet 31. After the water has been separated off in the moisture separator 33, the remaining reaction gas with a possibly low hydrogen content flows over the catalyst 34, which further increases the hydrogen content is reduced.
- the hydrogen content of the gas behind the catalytic converter 34 measured by the sensor 35 is compared in the control unit 36 with a stored, predetermined value. If this value is reached or exceeded, then open the control unit 36 net the valve 39 and turns on the fan 40, whereby the exhaust gas flow is mixed with air. By mixing it with air, the hydrogen content in the exhaust gas stream can be reduced to non-critical values that are harmless to the environment.
- a fuel cell system of the type described above with the cooling device and the cooling circuit is particularly suitable as an energy source in a mobile device such as an electric vehicle.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/529,837 US20070026267A1 (en) | 2002-10-01 | 2003-09-12 | Fuel cell system provided with a cooling circuit |
EP03788902A EP1547184A2 (de) | 2002-10-01 | 2003-09-12 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem k hlkreislauf |
JP2004542347A JP2006501623A (ja) | 2002-10-01 | 2003-09-12 | 冷却回路を備えた燃料電池システム |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10245794.8 | 2002-10-01 | ||
DE10245794A DE10245794A1 (de) | 2002-10-01 | 2002-10-01 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem Kühlkreislauf |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2004034484A2 true WO2004034484A2 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
WO2004034484A3 WO2004034484A3 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
Family
ID=32010054
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2003/010148 WO2004034484A2 (de) | 2002-10-01 | 2003-09-12 | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem kühlkreislauf |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070026267A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1547184A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2006501623A (de) |
DE (1) | DE10245794A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004034484A2 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1482586A1 (de) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-12-01 | HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. | Anlage zum Kühlen einer Brennstoffzelle |
JP2006302708A (ja) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-11-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 希釈装置 |
WO2008019772A1 (en) * | 2006-08-12 | 2008-02-21 | Daimler Ag | Method for monitoring the functionality of a pressure sensor in a fuel cell system |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4569096B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-13 | 2010-10-27 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の冷却装置 |
US8246817B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2012-08-21 | Ford Motor Company | Deionization filter for fuel cell vehicle coolant |
US8563190B2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2013-10-22 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell system including coolant de-airing passage |
DE102011083988A1 (de) | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-04 | Thyssenkrupp Marine Systems Gmbh | Verfahren zum Kühlen einer wärmeerzeugenden Vorrichtung eines Unterseeboots und insbesondere zum Kühlen einer Brennstoffzellenanlage in einem Unterseeboot und Kühlvorrichtung zum Kühlen einer wärmeerzeugenden Vorrichtung in einem Unterseeboot und insbesondere zum Kühlen einer Brennstoffzellenanlage in einem Unterseeboot |
JP7264029B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-06 | 2023-04-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の冷却システム |
DE102022112560A1 (de) | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-23 | Ford Global Technologies Llc | Brennstoffzellensystem und Verfahren zum Kühlen eines Brennstoffzellensystems |
CN116371131A (zh) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-07-04 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 处理机构、储能装置、供电装置及用电设备 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0800708A1 (de) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-10-15 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem regulierten vakuumejektor für fliessfähiger brennstoffrückfuhrung |
DE19908099A1 (de) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-31 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem |
WO2000063994A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Water treatment system for a fuel cell assembly |
WO2002041415A2 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-05-23 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Degasified pem fuel cell system |
FR2837025A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Humidificateur de pile a combustible |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS62134403A (ja) * | 1985-12-09 | 1987-06-17 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 脱気器圧力逃し装置 |
US5200278A (en) * | 1991-03-15 | 1993-04-06 | Ballard Power Systems, Inc. | Integrated fuel cell power generation system |
JPH09223511A (ja) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電源装置 |
JPH11317236A (ja) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-11-16 | Aqueous Reserch:Kk | 燃料電池システム |
DE19807878C2 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 2001-10-31 | Xcellsis Gmbh | Brennstoffzellensystem |
JPH11283649A (ja) * | 1998-03-30 | 1999-10-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池装置 |
JP2001351657A (ja) * | 2000-06-05 | 2001-12-21 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池のガス供給装置 |
US6656622B2 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2003-12-02 | Utc Fuel Cells, Llc | Degasified PEM fuel cell system |
JP2002280043A (ja) * | 2001-03-19 | 2002-09-27 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
-
2002
- 2002-10-01 DE DE10245794A patent/DE10245794A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-09-12 JP JP2004542347A patent/JP2006501623A/ja active Pending
- 2003-09-12 EP EP03788902A patent/EP1547184A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-09-12 US US10/529,837 patent/US20070026267A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-12 WO PCT/EP2003/010148 patent/WO2004034484A2/de active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0800708A1 (de) * | 1994-12-23 | 1997-10-15 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Brennstoffzellensystem mit einem regulierten vakuumejektor für fliessfähiger brennstoffrückfuhrung |
DE19908099A1 (de) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-31 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem |
WO2000063994A1 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2000-10-26 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Water treatment system for a fuel cell assembly |
WO2002041415A2 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-05-23 | International Fuel Cells, Llc | Degasified pem fuel cell system |
FR2837025A1 (fr) * | 2002-03-07 | 2003-09-12 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Humidificateur de pile a combustible |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1482586A1 (de) * | 2003-04-15 | 2004-12-01 | HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. | Anlage zum Kühlen einer Brennstoffzelle |
JP2006302708A (ja) * | 2005-04-21 | 2006-11-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 希釈装置 |
WO2008019772A1 (en) * | 2006-08-12 | 2008-02-21 | Daimler Ag | Method for monitoring the functionality of a pressure sensor in a fuel cell system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004034484A3 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
EP1547184A2 (de) | 2005-06-29 |
US20070026267A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
JP2006501623A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
DE10245794A1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
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