WO2004022586A2 - Tubulysin-biosynthese-gene - Google Patents
Tubulysin-biosynthese-gene Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004022586A2 WO2004022586A2 PCT/EP2003/009780 EP0309780W WO2004022586A2 WO 2004022586 A2 WO2004022586 A2 WO 2004022586A2 EP 0309780 W EP0309780 W EP 0309780W WO 2004022586 A2 WO2004022586 A2 WO 2004022586A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/52—Genes encoding for enzymes or proenzymes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/14—Nitrogen or oxygen as hetero atom and at least one other diverse hetero ring atom in the same ring
Definitions
- tubulysins have a cytostatic or antimitotic effect on fungi, human tumors or cancer cell lines and other animal cell cultures (see “ Table " ). They lead to a rapid breakdown of the microtubule scaffold in the cells. The actin skeleton is retained. Adherent growing L929 mouse - Cells increase their cell volume under the influence of the tubulysins without dividing and develop large cell nuclei, which then disintegrate in an apoptical process. Wirkunsspektrum
- Agar diffusion test 20 ⁇ g per test sheet 6 mm in diameter
- the invention relates to an ss-DNA molecule selected from the following group:
- ss-DNA molecule which with an ss-DNA molecule according to (i) with respect to its nucleotide number or its nucleotide sequence to 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, respectively , Is 99 or 100% homologous, but differs from the ss-DNA molecule according to (i) with regard to its nucleotide number and / or its nucleotide sequence in at least one nucleotide; and
- the invention further relates to a ds-DNA molecule composed of an ss-DNA molecule according to the invention and a strand complementary thereto.
- the invention relates to an ss-DNA molecule selected from the following group: (i) ss-DNA molecule with a sequence of positions 3,308 to 1 (ORF 16) of the sequence according to FIG. 1;
- (xxiv) ss-DNA molecule, which with a molecule according to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii) or (xxiii ) can be hybridized under stringent conditions and in particular has the same number of bases; and
- (xxv) ss-DNA molecule which with an ss-DNA molecule according to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi ), (xxii) or (xxiii) is 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 or 100% homologous with respect to its nucleotide number or its nucleotide sequence, but from this ss DNA molecule deviates in at least one nucleotide with regard to its nucleotide number and / or its nucleotide sequence; and
- (xxvi) ss-DNA-molecule with a sequence that corresponds to the sequence of a molecule according to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi ), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv) or (xxv) is complementary.
- the invention further relates to a ds-DNA molecule composed of such an ss-DNA molecule according to the invention and a strand complementary thereto.
- the invention relates to an ss-DNA molecule selected from the following group: ( ⁇ ) ss DNA molecule with a sequence of positions 35747 to 36769 (domain C of the tubB gene) of the sequence according to Figure 1;
- (xxxi) ss-DNA molecule which with a molecule according to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xiv), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix) or (xxx) can be hybridized under stringent conditions and in particular has the same number of bases; (xxxii) ss-DNA molecule, which with a molecule according to (i), (ii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xvii),
- (xxxiii) ss-DNA molecule with a sequence that corresponds to the sequence of a molecule according to (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xiv), (xx), (xxi ), (xxii ), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi) or (xxxii) is complementary.
- the invention further relates to a ds-DNA molecule comprising such a ss-DNA molecule and a strand complementary thereto.
- the invention further relates to variants or mutants which result from a substitution, insertion or deletion of nucleotides or an inversion of nucleotide segments of an ss-DNA molecule according to the invention or of a ds-DNA molecule according to the invention, these variants and mutants being enzyme variants or encode enzyme mutants for the production of secondary substance (s) with the properties described above and characteristic of tubulysins, in particular with the cytostatic effect.
- the expert is familiar with mass screening.
- the invention further relates to RNA
- the invention relates to a recombinant vector, in particular an expression vector with a DNA molecule according to the invention.
- the invention relates to a cell, in particular for expression, into which a DNA molecule according to the invention or a vector according to the invention is integrated.
- the cell according to the invention can be derived from cultivable bacteria such as Myxobacteria such as Angiococcus, in particular A. disciformis, Archangium, in particular A. gephyra, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonads or Actimomycetes.
- Myxobacteria such as Angiococcus, in particular A. disciformis, Archangium, in particular A. gephyra, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonads or Actimomycetes.
- the invention relates to the use of a vector according to the invention for the transformation of cells or organisms for the transient or permanent expression of one or more proteins (expression product (s)) which encode (s) by a DNA (ssDNA or dsDNA) of the vector will become) .
- the invention relates to the use of a cell according to the invention for enzymatic , "". " ⁇
- tubulysin A, B, C, D, E and / or F Biosynthesis, mutasynthesis or partial synthesis of a tubulysin, in particular tubulysin A, B, C, D, E and / or F.
- the invention relates to an expression product of a DNA molecule according to the invention or a vector according to the invention or a cell according to the invention.
- the present invention particularly relates to a polynucleotide that contains a sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1, 18, 33 or 36, or a fragment thereof.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 and 18 describe the (+) and (-) strand of the tubulysin biosynthesis cluster from Angiococcus disciformis.
- SEQ ID NO: 33 is a sequence that contains several overlapping genes of the cluster.
- SEQ ID NO: 36 describes a mutant Angiococcus disciformis. Surprisingly, it was found that this mutant showed a multiple of the wild-type tubulysin D production.
- tubulysin overexpression in relation to the total effect of all tubulysin derivatives is even higher than that of tubulysin D, which was not to be expected in any way.
- the genes of SEQ ID NO: 36 appear to be involved in the negative regulation of tubulysin expression. Due to the increased expression of all tubulysins, this mutant is particularly suitable for the production of the polypeptides according to the invention.
- Antibodies against the wild-type expression products of this sequence can be used in order to minimize their negative influence on tubulysin production in other strains as well.
- Antisense RNA or RNAi techniques which interact with the wild-type sequence of the negative regulatory genes, have a similar effect.
- the fragments of the polynucleotide can have any partial sequence and length, but those fragments which encode proteins are preferred.
- the polynucleotides of the present invention also include, but are not limited to, a polynucleotide that hybridizes to the complementary strand of the disclosed nucleotide sequences under moderately stringent or stringent conditions; a polynucleotide that is an allele variant of any of the polynucleotides described above; a polynucleotide encoding a species homolog of any of the proteins disclosed herein; or a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide that has an additional specific domain or a truncation or truncation of the disclosed proteins.
- CDS denotes a sequence of nucleotides which corresponds to the sequence of amino acids in a protein, that is to say the sequence regions coding for amino acids, including the respective start and stop codons.
- the polynucleotide according to the invention is a fragment which is a CDS defined in the sequence listing.
- the present invention further relates to a vector containing a polynucleotide as described above.
- Vectors for various purposes are known in the art, as are the techniques for subcloning polynucleotides into such vectors. These are described, for example, in the new edition of Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, (Sambrook et al., (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press); DNA Cloning, Volumes I and II (DN Glover ed., 1985); Gene Transfer Vectors for Mammalian Cells (Miller & Calos, eds.); Current Protocols in Molecular Biology and Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, 3rd Edition (FM Ausubel et al., Eds.); Recombinant DNA Methodology (R. Wu ed., Academic Press) or "A Practical Guide To Molecular Cloning". Examples of vectors can be found in Gene Transfer Vectors For Mammalian Cells (JH Miller and MP
- the vector is preferably an expression vector, that is to say generally a plasmid, a phage, a virus or a vector for expressing a polypeptide from a DNA (RNA) sequence.
- An expression vector can comprise a transcription unit which has an arrangement of the following: (1) a genetic element or elements with a regulatory role in gene expression, for example promoters or enhancers, (2) a structural sequence or coding sequence which transcribes into mRNA and into a protein is translated and (3) appropriate transcription start and termination sequences.
- Structural units intended for use in yeast or eukaryotic expression systems preferably include a leader sequence that enables extracellular secretion of a translated protein by a host.
- a recombinant protein may include an N-terminal methionine residue. This residue can, but need not subsequently, be cleaved from the expressed recombinant protein in order to obtain the end product.
- the present invention further relates to a cell which contains such a vector.
- the vector can be made using known techniques such as transfection, electroporation, Lipofection etc. are introduced into the cell. Infection is also possible with viral vectors.
- the cells can be eukaryotic as well as prokaryotic cells. The methods for the selection and propagation of the cells which contain the vector are also known to the person skilled in the art. Examples of the cultivation of cells of animal origin can be found, inter alia, in Culture Of Animal Cells (RI Freshney, Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1987).
- polypeptide that contains at least one sequence as defined in SEQ ID NO: 2 to 17, 19 to 32, 34, 35, 37 and / or 38 and / or contains a fragment and / or derivative thereof.
- the polypeptide can be provided by expression of a polynucleotide as well as by chemical synthesis.
- amino acid sequences of the present invention also encompass all sequences which differ from the sequences disclosed here by amino acid insertions, deletions and substitutions.
- Amino acid substitutions are preferably the result of replacing an amino acid with another amino acid with similar structural and / or chemical properties, i.e. conservative amino acid substitutions.
- Amino acid substitutions can be made based on similarity in polarity, charge, solubility, Hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity and / or the amphipathic nature of the residues included, for example, non-polar (hydrophobic) amino acids include alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine; polar neutral amino acids include glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine . Tyrosine, asparagine and glutamine; positively charged (basic) amino acids include arginine, lysine and histidine; and negatively charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
- “Inserts” or “deletions” typically range from 1-3 amino acids. The allowed variation can be determined experimentally by systematically inserting, deleting or substituting amino acids in a polypeptide molecule using recombinant DNA techniques and examining the resulting recombinant variants for their activity. For this, the person skilled in the art does not need more than to carry out routine experiments.
- polypeptide can also be in the form of a chimeric polypeptide, encoded by a fusion gene, which contains at least one further sequence.
- This additional sequence can e.g. serve to facilitate the purification of the expression product or to give the expression product an additional function.
- tags which are known to the person skilled in the art, such as the his-day.
- the present invention also relates to the use of at least one polynucleotide as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1, 18, 33 and / or 36 and / or at least one fragment thereof and / or at least one polypeptide as in SEQ ID NO: 2 to 17, 19 to 32, 34, 35, 37 and / or 38 defined and / or at least one fragment thereof for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of unwanted cell growth or proliferation in an individual.
- the composition can contain, for example, a suitable vector, together with auxiliary factors, which enable the expression of a tubulysin, preferably in the unwanted cells, and thereby prevent further growth or further multiplication of these cells.
- the composition can also contain cells according to the invention which have been transfected with a vector, for example a tubulysin-expressing vector.
- the unwanted cell growth or proliferation is a tumor.
- the tumor can be both a benign and a malignant tumor.
- the undesired cell growth is a pathogenic infection.
- the pathogen can be both unicellular and multicellular. This also includes infections with fungi, such as Candida or Aspergillus, and infections with parasites, such as trypanosomes or schistosomes. In a preferred embodiment of the use, the pathogenic infection is a mycosis, malaria or a parasitic disease.
- the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing at least one polynucleotide as defined in SEQ ID NO: 1, 18, 33 and / or 36 and / or at least one fragment thereof and / or at least one polypeptide as in SEQ ID NO: 2 to 17 , 19 to 32, 34, 35, 37 and / or 38 and / or at least one fragment thereof.
- the compositions contain a therapeutically effective amount or dose of the respective active ingredient.
- a therapeutic effective dose refers to the amount of the compound sufficient to provide symptom relief, e.g. treatment, healing, prevention or amelioration of such conditions, particularly inhibition or prevention of undesired cell growth and proliferation in a patient.
- Suitable routes of administration include, for example, parenteral administration, including intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, as well as intrathecal, directly intraventricular, intravenous, intraperitoneal injections.
- this pharmaceutical composition contains at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- a composition may further contain (in addition to the ingredient and the carrier) diluents, fillers, salts, buffers, stabilizers, solubilizers and other materials which are well known in the art.
- pharmaceutically acceptable means a non-toxic material that does not interfere with the effectiveness of the biological activity of the active ingredient (s).
- the properties of the vehicle depend on the route of administration.
- the therapeutic composition can furthermore contain further agents or active substances which improve or facilitate the activity or effectiveness or application during treatment. Such additional factors and / or agents can be included in the therapeutic composition to produce a synergistic effect or to minimize side effects.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing tubulysins and tubulysin biosynthesis proteins, comprising the steps:
- expression takes place in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and / or by in vitro expression.
- Expression of polypeptides in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells is a commonly used method and is generally accomplished using an expression vector as described above. Vectors have also already been described for in vitro expression. These and the necessary factors are commercially available in the form of kits, for example from BioRad, Stratagene, Invitrogen and Clontech.
- the invention provides a method for finding genes which are involved in the biosynthesis of tubulysins.
- the process includes the following steps:
- the hybridization can be carried out under different stringent conditions.
- the stringency of hybridization as used herein relates to conditions under which polynucleotide duplexes are stable.
- the stability of a double strand is a function of sodium ion concentration and temperature (see, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 2 nd Ed. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, (1989)). those used for hybridization can easily be modified by a person skilled in the art.
- weakly stringent hybridization denotes conditions that hybridize in 10% formamide, 5 x Denhart's solution, 6 x SSPE, 0.2% SDS at 42 ° C, followed by washing in 1 x SSPE, 0.2% SDS are equivalent at 50 ° C.
- DenharA's solution and SSPE are well known to those skilled in the art, as are other suitable hybridization buffers.
- Moderately stringent hybridization means conditions that allow DNA to bind to a complementary nucleic acid that has approximately 60% identity, preferably approximately 75% identity, particularly preferably approximately 85% identity to this DNA; where an identity of more as about 90% is particularly preferred to this DNA.
- Moderately stringent conditions are preferably conditions that hybridize in 50% formamide, 5 x Denhart's solution, 5 x SSPE, 0.2% SDS at 42 ° C followed by washing in 0, 2 x SSPE, 0.2% SDS at 65 ° C are equivalent.
- Highly stringent hybridization means conditions that allow hybridization only of those nucleic acid sequences that form stable double strands in 0.018 M NaCl at 65 ° C (ie, if a double strand is not stable in 0.018 M NaCl at 65 ° C, it is among those described here / defined highly stringent conditions not stable).
- nucleic acid hybridization techniques can be used to identify and recover a nucleic acid encompassed by the present invention.
- any nucleic acid with some homology to a sequence or fragment thereof disclosed in this invention can be used as a probe to identify a similar nucleic acid by hybridization under moderately stringent to highly stringent conditions.
- Such similar nucleic acids can then be isolated, sequenced and analyzed to determine if they are encompassed by the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a kit for the production of tubulysins containing:
- tubulins are also suitable as disinfectants, which can break down or prevent contamination with tubulin-containing cells.
- the invention therefore also relates to the use of a composition comprising at least one polypeptide as defined in SEQ ID NO: 2 to 17, 19 to 32, 34, 35, 37 and / or 38 and / or at least one biologically active fragment or derivative thereof as a disinfectant .
- other disinfectant substances can also be contained in the disinfectant as long as they do not inhibit the action of the polypeptide according to the invention.
- the disinfectant can contain other auxiliaries such as buffers, water, dyes, fragrances, stabilizers, carriers, etc.
- the composition is liquid or powder. , "”. " ⁇
- the invention also relates to disinfectants as defined above.
- the tubulysin biosynthesis cluster was identified by creating a transposon mutant bank from Angiococcus disciformis An d48 using pMycoMar. Rubin & Mekalanos (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA, 96 (1999), 1645-1650) developed the plasmid pMycoMar from the marine element Himarl, which is a simple transposition system that efficiently infects bacteria in vivo and generates insertion mutants can.
- This plasmid contains the mini transposon magellan, in which the Tn5 kanamycin resistance gene and the oriR6K are flanked by the inverted repeats of the Himarl.
- the Himarl transposase was cloned into the mycobacterial temperature-sensitive replicon pPR23 under the transcriptional control of the T6 promoter.
- the pMycoMar also encodes a gentamycin resistance gene.
- the Himarl is characterized by a TA dinucleotide recognition sequence during transposition. Therefore, it can randomly integrate into a host genome and statistically turn off all active genes through an insertion mutation. Due to this fact, a mutant bank should be generated from An d48 and the tubulysin biosynthesis cluster should be identified by a knockout mutant.
- disciformis culture is cultivated up to 2 * 10 8 cells / ml at 30 ° C. Based on a generation time of 6 hours, this culture was inoculated on the previous day so that this cell density is calculated. The culture is centrifuged at 20 ° C (20 min; 4000 rpm) and the cells in the same volume of wash buffer (5 mM HEPES / NaOH, 0.5 M CaCl 2; pH '7.2).
- Electroporation conditions After renewed centrifugation, resuspended in 25 ml buffer and centrifuged again. Before this centrifugation step, the absolute cell number within the 25 ml is determined, so that arithmetically 1 * 10 9 cells / 40 ⁇ l are resuspended. Electroporation conditions:
- DNA and 40 ⁇ l cell suspension are mixed and placed in an electroporation cuvette (0.1 cm) cooled on ice.
- the electroporation is carried out at 200 ⁇ , 25 mF and 0.85 kV / cm.
- 1 ml tryptone medium is added. After transfer into 50 ml tryptone medium, the cells are shaken for 6 h at 30 ° C. for phenotypic expression. The culture is then centrifuged off (20 min, 4000 rpm, 20 ° C.) and resuspended in 1 ml tryptone. Starting from a 100% survival rate of the cells, a dilution series is made and 1 * 10 8 - 1 * 10 4 cells are plated with 3 ml tryptone soft agar on kanamycin-containing (50 ⁇ g / ml) tryptone plates. These plates are incubated at 30 ° C and after 5 - 8 days the first clones can be seen.
- Electroporation is carried out at 400 ⁇ , 25 ⁇ F and 0.65kV / cm. Immediately after electroporation, 1 ml tryptone medium is added and shaken in a 1.5 ml Eppendorf test tube for 6 h at 30 ° C. Starting from a 100% survival rate of the cells, a dilution series is prepared and 1 * 10 8 - 1 * 10 4 cells are plated with 3 ml tryptone soft agar on kanamycin-containing (50 ⁇ g / ml) tryptone plates. These plates are incubated at 30 ° C and after 5 - 8 days the first clones / mutants can be seen, which were picked using an inoculation loop.
- the mutants were in 96-well microtiter plates in 200 ⁇ l M7 medium (5 g probion; 1 g CaCl 2 ; 1 g MgS04 4 ; 1 g yeast extract; 5 g starch; 10 g HEPES; 0.1% vitamin B12 [10 ng / ml] on 1 1 medium; pH 7.4) at 32 ° C and after 10 days a copy of the entire bank was made. For this, 50 ul culture of each mutant was transferred to new microtiter plates with 100 ul M7 medium. After a further seven days of incubation, a copy was frozen at -80 ° C. as permanent cultures. The remaining copy of the bank was extracted and the extract was tested for generated tubulysin knockout mutants using a toxicity test.
- the mini-cultures from the 96 'microtiter plates were dried on a heating block at 37 ° C. after cultivation by nitrogen gassing.
- the cell pellets were then resuspended in 100 ⁇ l of methanol for 2 h and 10 ⁇ l each was used for the following toxicity test in order to be able to detect tubulysin production by the respective mutant.
- L929 cells are cultivated in DMEM medium (Invitrogen, Groningen) at 37 ° C and then carefully harvested using a cell scraper. This cell suspension is then diluted 1:10 with DMEM and 120 ⁇ l distributed per opening of a 96 'microtiter plate. These are then mixed with the 10 ⁇ l cell extract of the individual transposon mutants and incubated at 37 ° C. for five days. After this incubation period, the L929 cells are examined microscopically for nuclear fragmentation, which is a sign of tubulysin exposure. In cells that showed no nuclear fragmentation, the corresponding mutants were identified as putative tubulysin knockout mutants.
- DMEM medium Invitrogen, Groningen
- DH5 ⁇ / ⁇ pir cells are incubated on Kanamycin-containing LB plates at 37 ° C. Only those E. coli cells that contain a plasmid with the magellan4 and thus the Tn5 kanamycin resistance gene can grow on these plates. Such a plasmid contains chromosomal DNA from An d48 at the ends of the transposon. These plasmids can be found in E. replicate coli cells DH5 ⁇ / ⁇ pir because the oriR6K is located within the transposon sequence. The transposon was isolated from the respective genome and sequenced with the primers K388 and K389.
- NRPS non-ribosomal peptide synthetases
- Isolate chromosomal DNA according to standard protocols from 50 ml tryptone medium culture of each A. disciformis An d48 mutant. 5 ⁇ g of this DNA are used for the subsequent cloning of the transposon by first carrying out a restriction.
- the enzymes Notl and BamHl were used, which have no restriction site within the magellan and should statistically cut relatively frequently in GC-rich DNA.
- the entire restriction mixture of 30 ul is mixed with 1 vol. Chloroform / phenol and for 10 min. centrifuged (13,200 rpm; 20 ° C). The supernatant is transferred to a new reaction vessel and 1/10 vol. 3 M NaOAc and 2.5 vol. 100% EtOH are added. It will cut down the DNA Incubate reaction tube for 1 h at -20 ° C and then for 30 min. centrifuged (13,200 rpm; 4 ° C). The supernatant is discarded and the pellet washed three times with 70% EtOH, each time 5 min. centrifuged (13,200 rpm; 20 ° C). After discarding the supernatant, the pellet is dried at 37 ° C. and resuspended in 15 ⁇ l H 2 0. The entire 15 ⁇ l of the precipitated DNA are used for the subsequent ligation.
- the transposon plasmid pMutT794 / WotI contains 52985 bp chromosomal DNA from Angiococcus disciformis An d48. Together with the Himarl mini transposon magellanA (2199 bp), which is integrated into the plasmid at base pair 37317 bp, 55184 bp were sequenced. A total of 21760 bp come from coding genes of the tubulysin gene cluster and 31219 bp from other coding genes. Some of these ORFs are regulatory genes that can influence the expression of tubulysin.
- the sequence contains the start of the tubulysin gene cluster with three NRPS modules (tubA-C), a gene encoding cyclodeaminase (tUbZ) and a PKS module (tubD). Furthermore, an anion transporter-coding gene (ORF1), which serves to transport the tubulysin out of the cell and another ORF (ORF2) are located within the gene cluster.
- ORF1 anion transporter-coding gene
- ORF2 an anion transporter-coding gene
- ORF2 an anion transporter-coding gene
- A adenylation domains
- NMT methyl transferase domains
- PCP adenylation and thiolation domain
- A A8 and A9 within the adenylation domain
- TubA encodes an incomplete one Condensation domain that is theoretically not required for biosynthesis.
- PKS polyketide synthase
- KS ketoacyl synthase
- AT acyl transferase
- KR ketoreductase
- tubD The remaining sequence of the tubulysin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified from a cosmid bank of An d48 (deposited with the DSMZ) under standard conditions.
- the PKS module (tubD) ending in the first half of the sequence is continued by the KS, AT and KR domains already mentioned and also contains an enoyl reductase (ER) and an acyl carrier protein (ACP).
- ER enoyl reductase
- ACP acyl carrier protein
- the following sequence of tubD encodes an NRPS that carries a heterocyclization (HC), adenylation (A) and peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) domain.
- HC heterocyclization
- A adenylation
- PCP peptidyl carrier protein
- tubE and tubF also follow.
- the gene tu E encodes an NRPS with the domains C, A and PCP.
- a PKS is encoded on tubF with the following domain arrangement: ketoacyl synthase (KS), acyltransferase (AT), ketoreductase (KR), C-methyltransferase (CMT), dehydratase (DH), enoyl reductase (ER), acyl carrier protein (ACP ) and finally a thioesterase, which cleaves the finished tubulysin in the form of a free acid from the multienzyme complex.
- the insertion site of the transposon ma gellanA is for the MutT176 at base pair 54579 within the biosynthetic gene cluster.
- the mutT524 mutant is not located on the gene cluster sequence known to us.
- the insertion site lies within a gene coding for an acyltransferase, which is downstream of the tubulysin biosynthesis gene cluster and has a post-translational function for modifying the tubulysin.
- cosmid bank from A. disciformis An d48 was created using the Gigapack II XL packaging kit (from Stratagene) in E. coli SURE. Within this bank, cosmids should be identified that have a longer overlap with the tubulysin biosynthesis gene cluster downstream from tubF. For this purpose, two primer pairs were derived from the known sequence of the tubulysin gene cluster and the PCR amplificates were used as probes for the subsequent hybridization of the cosmid bank. The first pair of primers ASTlslA-IB provides an 889 bp DNA fragment and is 1 kb before the NotI restriction site in tubD.
- the second primer pair ASTls2A-2B generates a 700 bp fragment that is 11 kb upstream in the known cluster end in tubC.
- the PCR was carried out at 54 ° C annealing temperature. Different cosmids could be identified by this hybridization. Using PCR and restriction analysis, they were examined for the size of their overlap with the known cluster sequence. For this purpose the primer pairs ASTlslA / B and ASTls2A / B were used at an annealing temperature of 58 ° C.
- Various enzymes were used in the restriction in single and double restrictions.
- cosmids F7 and F13 showed a similarly large overlap with the first part of the cluster after the restriction analyzes, one of these cosmids carries the necessary genetic information in order to be able to identify the genes immediately bound to the cluster.
- restriction enzymes were selected which cut as rarely as possible and at the end of the known gene cluster sequence.
- the selected enzymes were del and Nsil, which cut at positions 39306 bp and 39430 bp, respectively. Furthermore, both enzymes cut only once more in the known sequence.
- the cosmid gene bank should now be "screened” with a generated probe (primer pair Tls up / on) that binds behind these sections directly at the end of the known cluster sequence.
- the cosmids were hydrolyzed in various double restriction batches and on an agarose gel (0 , 8%)
- the enzymes BamHI, .EcoRI, and Notl were selected in addition to Ndel and Nsil, and the combination with £ coRI and Notl was to achieve that the hybridization is used to identify a fragment which up to the End of each Cosmid inserts are enough. If this fragment should be too large for a subsequent cloning, BamHI was also used in order to obtain possibly shorter fragments.
- Hybridization was carried out at 42 ° C and washing was carried out under very stringent conditions (68 ° C).
- connection sequence in smaller fragments (as Ndel / Notl and Notl / N ⁇ tl fragments) are cloned and sequenced.
- the BamHI / Nsil double restriction approach yielded a total of five fragments.
- the cosmid F7 was cut in a double restriction batch with the restriction endonucleases Nsil and EcoRI (2 h; 37 ° C.). After the restriction mixture had been separated using a 0.8% agarose gel, the corresponding band was cut out of the gel and extracted with the NucleoSpin kit (from Macherei-Nagel). The isolated fragment was labeled with Notl trimmed to check whether the hybridization results obtained are confirmed. In addition, it was checked whether further Notl recognition sequences are within the 12 kb connection sequence in order to be able to determine the number of partial fragments to be cloned. The restriction resulted in a 4.2 (Nsil / No1 fragment) and 8 kb fragment (Notl / Notl fragment) after separation on a 0.8% agarose gel.
- the 12.2 kb Nsil / EcoRI fragment, as well as the 4.2 kb (Nsil / Notl) and 8 kb (Notl / Notl) fragments were cloned into the vector pUC18.
- the vector was cut with PstI / EcoRI or PstI / Notl and Notl for the following ligation.
- PstI and Nsil have a compatible cutting pattern, so that after successful cloning, these interfaces are no longer available.
- the 12 kb insert can be cut out of the pUC18 derivative in a double restriction.
- the clones obtained were checked for correctness using these restriction approaches.
- One of these clones (ASpUC12) was used for a subsequent in vitro transposition with GPS TM - 1 Genome Priming System (New England Biolabs ⁇ .nc ).
- This mixture is mixed well and mixed with 1 ⁇ l TnsABC transposase (again mix).
- the entire reaction mixture is for 10 min. incubated at 37 ° C so that the transposase mixes in the reaction mixture before the actual reaction.
- the reaction mixture is incubated for one hour at 37 ° C. During this time, the transposon is transferred to the target DNA.
- the reaction is then carried out by incubation at 75 ° for 10 min C. From this approach, 2 ⁇ l were transformed into E. coli DH10B and plated out on medium containing kanamycin, and a total of approximately 2000 clones grew after an overnight incubation at 37 ° C.
- the residual sequence of the tubulysin biosynthesis gene cluster obtained is 12,219 bp long and has an overlap with the previously identified sequence of 133 bp. Sequence sections in which there was only a simple cover were sequenced double-stranded by re-sequencing specific clones. In this sequence, base pair 6416-6898 encodes an acyltransferase (position 76,787-77,545 bp in total sequence). The other ORFs identified also have a role in tubulysin biosynthesis. The total sequence is thus 82,868 bp.
- the transposon insertion location within the respective mutant was determined by means of "transposon recovery” and subsequent sequencing of the flanking regions (see 1.4).
- the sequences obtained were examined against the library for homlogies to known genes and showed high similarities to regulatory elements / Genes from bacterial organisms.
- the entire mutant library was examined for mutants overproducing tubulysin.
- the existing toxicity test (see 1.3) was optimized. Multiple dilutions of the mutant extract used in the toxicity test resulted in one Thinning of the tubulysin is achieved and the characteristic effect on L929 cells is no longer detectable after a certain dilution.
- mutants were identified that require significantly higher dilutions in order to no longer be able to determine any effect. This means that the respective mutant has an increased production of the tubulysin.
- the mutant Mutl58 was identified, which showed a fourfold increase in tubulysin D production. This result was shown both by growing the mutant in 50 ml cultures via HPLC-MS tests and by several kinetics with the following optimized toxicity test against the wild type. The toxicity test even identified an eightfold overproduction of tubulysins. The total effect of all tubulysin derivatives is detected, and not only that of tubulysin D. The mutant 158 therefore surprisingly shows overexpression of further tubulysins compared to the wild type of A. disciformis. This was not to be expected in any way. The genomic region was cloned directly at the insertion point of the transposon and the sequencing was carried out as described under 1.4.
- the sequence of the gene concerned shows high similarities to a protein kinase (from Stigma tella aurantiaca), the insertion site of the transposon relating to the promoter region of this gene. Without being committed to this mechanism of action, this gene has a negative regulatory function for tubulysin formation, which is why inactivation of the gene leads to increased production.
- the total sequence includes 2,200 bp, the protein kinase being encoded from base pair 1.228-20 and having a total size of 1.209 bp.
- the upstream ORF encodes a tubulysin biosynthesis protein and is 933 bp in size.
- K-388 5A3 ' 5' TGG GAA TCA TTT GAA GGT TGG 3 ' SEQ ID NO: 39
- Primer pair ASTlslA / B was derived from tubO and results in a
- Primer pair ASTls2A / B was derived from tubC and results in a
- Primer pair Tls up / Tls d0 wn was derived from tubF and results in a 125 bp fragment
- ACP acyl carrier protein
- NMT N-methyltransferase
- PCP peptidyl carrier protein
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/526,572 US20060217360A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2003-09-03 | Tubulysin biosynthesis gene |
AU2003267036A AU2003267036A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 | 2003-09-03 | Tubulysin biosynthesis gene |
DE10393257T DE10393257D2 (de) | 2002-09-05 | 2003-09-03 | Tubulysin-Biosynthese-Gene |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10241152A DE10241152A1 (de) | 2002-09-05 | 2002-09-05 | Tubulysin-Biosynthese-Gene |
DE10241152.2 | 2002-09-05 |
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WO2004022586A2 true WO2004022586A2 (de) | 2004-03-18 |
WO2004022586A3 WO2004022586A3 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
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PCT/EP2003/009780 WO2004022586A2 (de) | 2002-09-05 | 2003-09-03 | Tubulysin-biosynthese-gene |
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US (1) | US20060217360A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2003267036A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10241152A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004022586A2 (de) |
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CN107286227A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-24 | 南京诺云生物科技有限公司 | Streptomyces hirsutus ATCC 19091蛋白的新用途 |
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US8288557B2 (en) | 2004-07-23 | 2012-10-16 | Endocyte, Inc. | Bivalent linkers and conjugates thereof |
NZ580132A (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2012-11-30 | Endocyte Inc | Binding ligand linked drug delivery conjugates of tubulysins to vitamins |
AU2008268432B2 (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2015-01-15 | Endocyte, Inc. | Conjugates containing hydrophilic spacer linkers |
US9877965B2 (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2018-01-30 | Endocyte, Inc. | Vitamin receptor drug delivery conjugates for treating inflammation |
US8394922B2 (en) | 2009-08-03 | 2013-03-12 | Medarex, Inc. | Antiproliferative compounds, conjugates thereof, methods therefor, and uses thereof |
WO2013126797A1 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Purdue Research Foundation | Cholecystokinin b receptor targeting for imaging and therapy |
US20140080175A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 | 2014-03-20 | Endocyte, Inc. | Processes for preparing tubulysin derivatives and conjugates thereof |
PL2872157T3 (pl) | 2012-07-12 | 2020-07-13 | Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co., Ltd | Koniugaty wiążących komórkę cząsteczek ze środkami cytotoksycznymi |
CA2887727A1 (en) | 2012-10-16 | 2014-04-24 | Endocyte, Inc. | Drug delivery conjugates containing unnatural amino acids and methods for using |
AU2012395148B2 (en) | 2012-11-24 | 2016-10-27 | Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co., Ltd. | Hydrophilic linkers and their uses for conjugation of drugs to cell binding molecules |
MX356698B (es) | 2013-02-14 | 2018-06-11 | Bristol Myers Squibb Co | Compuestos de tubulisina, metodos para obtenerlos y uso. |
WO2015127685A1 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co., Ltd | Charged linkers and their uses for conjugation |
US10077287B2 (en) | 2014-11-10 | 2018-09-18 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Tubulysin analogs and methods of making and use |
CA2991973C (en) | 2015-07-12 | 2021-12-07 | Suzhou M-Conj Biotech Co., Ltd. | Bridge linkers for conjugation of a cell-binding molecule |
US9839687B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2017-12-12 | Suzhou M-Conj Biotech Co., Ltd. | Acetylenedicarboxyl linkers and their uses in specific conjugation of a cell-binding molecule |
KR102459469B1 (ko) | 2016-11-14 | 2022-10-26 | 항저우 디에이씨 바이오테크 씨오, 엘티디 | 결합 링커, 그러한 결합 링커를 함유하는 세포 결합 분자-약물 결합체, 링커를 갖는 그러한 결합체의 제조 및 사용 |
IL289458A (en) | 2019-06-29 | 2022-07-01 | Hangzhou Dac Biotech Co Ltd | A cell-binding conjugated derivative of the tubolisin molecule and a method for its production |
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US6582908B2 (en) * | 1990-12-06 | 2003-06-24 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Oligonucleotides |
US5672500A (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1997-09-30 | Thomas Jefferson University | Mch2, an apoptotic cysteine protease, and compositions for making and methods of using the same |
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2002
- 2002-09-05 DE DE10241152A patent/DE10241152A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2003
- 2003-09-03 DE DE10393257T patent/DE10393257D2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-03 US US10/526,572 patent/US20060217360A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-03 AU AU2003267036A patent/AU2003267036A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-03 WO PCT/EP2003/009780 patent/WO2004022586A2/de not_active Application Discontinuation
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DE19638870A1 (de) * | 1996-09-23 | 1998-03-26 | Biotechnolog Forschung Gmbh | Verbindungen mit antimykotischer und cytostatischer Wirkung, Herstellungsverfahren, Mittel und DSM 11 092 |
DE10008089A1 (de) * | 2000-02-22 | 2001-10-31 | Biotechnolog Forschung Gmbh | Syntheseverfahren zur Herstellung von Tubulysinen |
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SOSIO M ET AL: "ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOMES FOR ANTIBIOTIC-PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES" NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY, NATURE PUBLISHING, US, Bd. 18, Nr. 3, März 2000 (2000-03), Seiten 343-345, XP001180029 ISSN: 1087-0156 * |
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CN107286227A (zh) * | 2016-03-31 | 2017-10-24 | 南京诺云生物科技有限公司 | Streptomyces hirsutus ATCC 19091蛋白的新用途 |
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DE10393257D2 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
WO2004022586A3 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
DE10241152A1 (de) | 2004-03-18 |
AU2003267036A8 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
US20060217360A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
AU2003267036A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
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