WO2004006480A1 - Procede et appareil de reperage continu de codes d'etalement de spectre en mode cdma - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de reperage continu de codes d'etalement de spectre en mode cdma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004006480A1
WO2004006480A1 PCT/CN2002/000470 CN0200470W WO2004006480A1 WO 2004006480 A1 WO2004006480 A1 WO 2004006480A1 CN 0200470 W CN0200470 W CN 0200470W WO 2004006480 A1 WO2004006480 A1 WO 2004006480A1
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Prior art keywords
code
spreading code
input
output
late
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PCT/CN2002/000470
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gang Quan
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Linkair Communications,Inc.
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Application filed by Linkair Communications,Inc. filed Critical Linkair Communications,Inc.
Priority to PCT/CN2002/000470 priority Critical patent/WO2004006480A1/zh
Priority to AU2002315741A priority patent/AU2002315741A1/en
Priority to CN02819180.3A priority patent/CN1561596A/zh
Publication of WO2004006480A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004006480A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques
    • H04B1/707Spread spectrum techniques using direct sequence modulation
    • H04B1/7073Synchronisation aspects
    • H04B1/7085Synchronisation aspects using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B2201/00Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00
    • H04B2201/69Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general
    • H04B2201/707Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation
    • H04B2201/70701Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general relating to direct sequence modulation featuring pilot assisted reception

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of communication technology, and particularly relates to a synchronization tracking method for a spreading code in a receiving device of a CDMA communication system, and in particular, to a synchronization tracking method and device for a CDMA spreading code.
  • the CDMA system has developed rapidly due to its unique advantages such as large capacity, soft capacity, soft handover, high voice shield volume and low transmit power, as well as anti-interference and confidentiality, and has become the first choice for third-generation cellular communication systems. technology.
  • CDMA is a modulation and multiple access technology based on spread-spectrum communications.
  • signals used by different users to transmit information are not distinguished by different frequencies or time slots, but by different coding sequences.
  • both a base station transmitter and a mobile station transmitter use a spreading code to spread the digital information, and the receiving device uses a local spreading code to despread the spread spectrum signal to extract useful information. . Synchronization is to realize that the local spreading code and the received spreading code are completely consistent in structure, frequency and phase.
  • the synchronization of the spreading code is divided into two steps: one is capturing, quickly determining the phase of the spreading code, so that the phase difference between the local spreading code and the receiving spreading code is less than one symbol width Tc; the second is tracking, finely adjusting the spreading code The phase of the local spreading code and the receiving spreading code are accurately synchronized, and this synchronization is maintained.
  • the traditional CDMA system tracking method is a delay lock loop (DLL-Delay lock loop), which has been changed into a variety of tracking loops, such as a T-type dither loop (TDL-Tau- di ther loop), a dual-jitter loop (DDL- Double di ther loop) and so on.
  • TDL-Tau- di ther loop T-type dither loop
  • DDL- Double di ther loop DDL- Double di ther loop
  • This type of loop is applied to the door technology sooner or later.
  • Figure 1 shows a typical DLL structure.
  • the specific working process is as follows:
  • the received spread-spectrum signal r (t) enters the early-late correlator la, lb, and the punctual correlator lc, respectively, and performs correlation operations with three PN codes of different phases generated by the PN code generator 6.
  • the despread signals obtained from the two branches a and b pass the adder 3 to obtain the error signal, and then the loop filter 4 is used to filter the loop noise to obtain the error.
  • the signal is used to drive a voltage-controlled oscillator (VC0) to generate a control signal to control the clock phase of the PN code generator 6 to swing forward or backward, so as to closely follow the phase change of the received signal; the c branch in the figure is a demodulation branch.
  • the received spread-spectrum signal is correlated with the local PN code adjusted by timing to obtain despread data for demodulation.
  • Figure 2 shows the error function curve. It can be seen from the error curve that the sooner or later gate technique depends on the symmetry of the autocorrelation function of the spreading sequence, which makes this type of method have certain limitations. First, it is required that the two correlators leading and lagging must be accurately balanced, otherwise the output of the DLL will not be zero even when the tracking error is zero. Using TDL in the analog ring can solve this problem, but it will cause the degradation of tracking performance. For digital loops, this problem does not exist. Secondly, when multipath fading is considered, after multipath signals are superimposed, the correlation waveform becomes a series of superimposed autocorrelation peaks with different amplitudes and time intervals, and the synthesized waveform can no longer be symmetrical.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for synchronous tracking of spreading codes for CDMA.
  • multipath transmission through an all-digital loop, an improved late-morning gate technique is used, and the deformation of the error function is not affected.
  • Sensitive, combined with the idea of multi-path separation, combining the tracking of each path, is a multi-path tracking technology. And the method is simple, easy to implement, and has the purpose of high synchronization accuracy.
  • a synchronization tracking method for a spread spectrum code for CDMA which is characterized in that:
  • Originator Insert pilot symbols in the transmitted signal
  • the receiving end extracting the pilot symbol from the received signal; and:
  • Correlating the local spreading code used for tracking with the pilot symbols in the corresponding path to obtain three-way despread data refers to:
  • the local spreading code used for tracking may include an early code of an early branch , The late code of the late branch, and the punctual code of the punctual branch; perform correlation calculation processing on the early branch, the late branch, and the punctual branch to obtain three-way despread data, and when multipath, each path is obtained by The three-way despread data described above.
  • the separation of the despread data refers to: using known ideal correlation waveforms to separate the signals of each path (the obtained cases of despread data of each path have greatly reduced the overlap with each other).
  • Discriminating the two difference signals after low-pass filtering to obtain a timing adjustment signal, and adjusting the chip clock refers to: When both input signals, that is, a set of differences, are less than zero, "-1" is output, and the received signal is delayed; when both input signals are greater than zero, “1” is output, and the received signal is advanced; When the two input signal signs are opposite, "0" is output, and the received signal is in the correct position;
  • a control signal is generated to enter the PN code generator, and the phase of the local spreading code is adjusted to generate a spreading code for despreading.
  • the distance between the paths is also calculated and used to calculate the multipath separation. deal with.
  • the method for synchronously tracking a spreading code for CDMA includes the following steps:
  • Correlation processing is performed between the local spreading code used for tracking and the pilot symbol in the corresponding path.
  • the local spreading code used for tracking may include an early code of an early branch, a late code of a late branch, and punctuality
  • the correlation operation processing may be performed on the early branch, the late branch, and the on-time branch to obtain three-way despread data, and when multipath is obtained, each path is obtained Three-way despread data;
  • Performing the difference operation processing on the separated data, and the performing the difference operation processing is an addition operation processing, that is, using the early, late, and punctual three-way data to generate two-way difference signals;
  • the two difference signals after low-pass filtering are discriminated, that is, when two input signals, that is, a group of difference values, are both less than zero, the output signal is delayed at this time; when both input signals are greater than zero, , "1" is output, and the received signal is advanced at this time; when the signs of the two input signals are opposite, "0" is output, and the received signal is at the correct position at this time;
  • a control signal is generated to enter the PN code generator, and the phase of the local spreading code is adjusted to generate a spreading code for despreading.
  • the distance between the paths is also calculated and used to calculate the multipath separation. deal with.
  • the generating two-way difference signals by using three channels of early, late, and on-time data refers to: performing (on-time-early) and (late-on-time) operations to obtain two-way difference signals.
  • the control signal is generated by the loop filtering to enter the PN code generator, and the phase of the local spreading code is adjusted to generate the spreading code, which is used for despreading.
  • the adjustment step length is r. / N, generates a spreading code for despreading.
  • a spreading code synchronization tracking device for CDMA includes a PN code generator, which is further characterized by: a warp separator, a correlator, an adder, a low-pass filter, a discriminator, and a loop filter; The output of the separator is the input of the multi-pass separator;
  • the output of the multi-pass separator is the input of the adder
  • the output of the adder is the input of a low-pass filter
  • the output of the low-pass filter is the input of the discriminator
  • the output of the discriminator is the input of the loop filter
  • the output of the loop filter is the input of the PN code generator
  • the inter-path distance data output by the PN code generator is another input of the multi-pass separator.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that, by providing a method and a device for synchronously tracking a spreading code for CDMA, in the case of multipath transmission, through an all-digital loop, an improved late-morning gate technique is used for the error function. Deformation is not sensitive, and combined with the idea of multi-path separation, combining the tracking of each path is a multi-path tracking technology.
  • the method has the advantages of simple method, easy implementation, and high synchronization accuracy.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a DLL tracking loop.
  • Figure 2 is the error function curve of the sooner or later gate technique.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a synchronous tracking loop designed according to the method of the present invention. detailed description
  • the interval between leading and lagging is T c / N, and the adjustment step size is also T c / N.
  • the first arriving path is the first path.
  • the pilot symbol 10 is extracted from the received signal.
  • 22a, 22b, 22c are local spreading codes used for the first path tracking, and are expressed as C (t- price + ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ (early code), Cit-T.-TN) (late code), and C (t- ⁇ ) (just in time code), the price is the delay estimation of the first path.
  • 23a, 23b, and 23c are local spreading codes for second-path tracking, and are expressed as C (t-f 2 + r.
  • f 2 is the delay estimation of the second path.
  • the local spreading code is obtained by continuously adjusting the delay of the PN code generator 21, and its initial value is given by synchronous acquisition.
  • the pilot signal 10 is correlated with these two sets of spreading codes 22 and 23 (by two sets of correlators of 11, 12) to obtain corresponding despread data.
  • the two sets of despread data enter the multipath separator 13.
  • G IB G IB -R c (f ib -fj) G JC
  • G G ic -i? C (f ,.- ;, c
  • the two sets of despread data after multipath separation enter the adders 14a, 14b, 15a, and 15b, and The operations are as follows: (on time-early) and (late-on time). Get the two sets of differences. After that, these two sets of differences are filtered by low-pass filters (LPF) 16a, 16b, 17a, and 17b, respectively. After filtering, it enters the discriminators 18a and 18b.
  • LPF low-pass filters
  • the function of the discriminator is: when the two input signals (that is, a set of differences) are less than zero, the output indicates that the received signal is lagging; when both input signals are greater than zero, the output is " , Indicating that the received signal is ahead; when the signs of the two input signals are opposite, "0" is output, indicating that the received signal is in the correct position.
  • the control signal is entered into the PN code generator 2 and adjusted locally.
  • the phase of the spreading code is as follows: If the input control signal is greater than the threshold P., it means that the received signal is ahead, and the phase of the local spreading code should also be adjusted forward.
  • the frequency code phase should also be adjusted backward; if the input control signal is between ⁇ P., it means that the synchronization is correct at this time, and the phase of the spreading code is not adjusted.
  • the adjustment step is?; / N, which results in 22 and 23 sets of spreading.
  • the frequency code is used for despreading.
  • the distance f 2 -price 20 between the two paths at the current moment is also calculated and output to the multi-path separator 13 for the calculation of multi-path separation.
  • the present invention counteracts the effects of multipath fading by multipath separation and three-way correlators participating in tracking together, making the algorithm insensitive to the symmetry of related waveforms, which can reduce tracking jitter and noise Effect, so that the overall performance of tracking is improved.
  • the present invention has been described above with respect to the case of two-path tracking. For the case of more paths, the present invention is also applicable.
  • the present invention is an improvement on the gate circuit sooner or later, without increasing the hardware complexity too much, and the output of the on-time branch can still be used for service demodulation.
  • the present invention provides a method and device for synchronous tracking of spreading codes for CDMA.
  • multipath transmission through an all-digital loop, an improved late-morning gate technique is used, which is not sensitive to the deformation of the error function, and Combined with the idea of multi-path separation, combining the tracking of each path is a multi-path tracking technology.
  • the method is simple, easy to implement, and has a good effect of high synchronization accuracy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)

Description

一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同歩跟踪方法及装置 技术领域
本发明属于通信技术领域, 其特别涉及 CDMA通信系统接收装置中的扩 频码的同步跟踪方法, 具体的将是一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪方法及 装置。 背景技术
近几年来, CDMA 系统由于具有大容量、 软容量、 软切换、 高话音盾量 和低发射功率以及抗干扰和保密等独特的优势使它得以迅速发展, 并成为 第三代蜂窝通信系统的首选技术。
CDMA是一种以扩频通信为基础的调制和多址连接技术。 在 CDMA通信 系统中, 不同用户传输信息所用的信号不是靠频率不同或时隙不同来区分, 而是用各自不同的编码序列来区分。 通常在 CDMA系统中, 无论是基站发射 机或移动站发射机均用扩频码对传输的数字信息扩展频谱, 而接收设备利 用本地扩频码对扩频信号相关解扩, 解出有用的信息。 同步就是要实现本 地扩频码与接收到的扩频码在结构上、 频率和相位上完全一致。
另外对于移动通信系统而言, 在时间和频率上有^ ί艮大的不确定性, 而 且这些不确定性是随机的, 无法预先补偿, 必须不断的通过同步系统来补 偿。 因而在 CDMA系统中, 同步系统是十分重要的。
扩频码的同步分成两个步骤: 一是捕获, 快速确定扩频码的相位, 使 本地扩频码与接收扩频码相位差小于一个码元宽度 Tc; 二是跟踪, 细微调 整扩频码的相位, 使本地扩频码和接收扩频码相位达到精确同步, 并维持 这一同步。
对于移动通信来说, 同步跟踪是必须的而且是十分重要的。 在初始同 步建立后, 由于移动台位置不断的在变化, 导致基站与移动台间的距离在 不断的变化, 因而接收信号的到达时间也是变化的, 必须有跟踪电路来跟 上这个变化, 维持同步。
传统的 CDMA 系统跟踪方法是延迟锁定环 (DLL - Delay lock loop ), 并由此变化为多种跟踪环路, 例如 T型抖动环(TDL - Tau- di ther loop ), 双抖动环(DDL - Double di ther loop )等。 这类环路都应用到了迟早门技 术。 图 1示出了典型的 DLL结构。 其具体工作过程是: 接收到的扩频信号 r (t)分别进入早迟相关器 la、 lb和准时相关器 lc, 与 PN码发生器 6所产 生的三路不同相位的 PN码进行相关运算, 得到解扩信号; 由 a、 b两支路 即早迟两支路所得的解扩信号, 经过加法器 3, 得到误差信号, 再经过环 路滤波器 4滤除环路噪声, 可得误差信号, 用来驱动压控振荡器(VC0 )产 生控制信号, 控制 PN码发生器 6的时钟相位向前或向后摆动, 从而紧跟接 收信号的相位变化; 图中 c 支路为解调支路, 接收到的扩频信号与经过定 时调整的本地 PN码进行相关, 得到解扩数据用于解调。
图 2 为误差函数曲线。 由误差曲线可看出, 迟早门技术依赖于扩频序 列自相关函数的对称性, 这就使得这类方法有一定的局限性。 首先, 要求 超前和滞后两路相关器必须精确平衡, 否则即使跟踪误差为 0时 DLL的输 出也不会为 0。 在模拟环中用 TDL可以解决这一问题, 但会造成跟踪性能 的下降。 对于数字环路, 这一问题不存在。 其次, 当考虑多径衰落时, 多 径信号相迭加后, 相关波形会变为一系列幅度不等、 有时间间隔的自相关 峰的迭加, 合成后的波形不可能再是对称的。 在此情况下误差函数曲线将 会变形, 严重影响跟踪的性能。 事实上, 即便没有多径的影响, 由于噪声 的存在, 相关波形也不可能完全对称的。 为了解决这种问题, 一些新的技 术被采用, 如卡尔曼滤波、 匹配滤波等。 但这些方法还不够成熟, 存在实 现复杂或占用资源过多之类的缺陷。 最后, 这类方法对各径信号的跟踪都 是独立进行的, 不适用于多径跟踪的情况, 需做改进。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于, 提供一种用于 CDMA 的扩频码同步跟踪方法及装 置, 针对多径传输的情况, 通过全数字环路, 使用一种改进的迟早门技术, 对于误差函数的变形不敏感, 并结合多径分离的思路, 将各径的跟踪联合 起来做, 是一多径跟踪技术。 并实现方法筒单, 易于实现, 同步精度较高 的目的。
本发明的目的是由下述技术方案来实现的:
一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪方法, 其特征在于,
发端: 在发射的信号中插入导频符号;
收端: 在接收的信号中提取该导频符号; 并且:
将用于跟踪的本地扩频码与对应径中的导频符号进行相关运算处理, 得 到三路解扩数据;
将解扩数据进行分离;
将分离后数据进行差值运算处理, 得到二路差值信号;
对该二路差值信号进行低通滤波;
对低通滤波后的该二路差值信号进行判别, 得到定时调整信号, 对码 片时钟进行调整。
所述的将用于跟踪的本地扩频码与对应径中的导频符号进行相关运算 处理, 得到三路解扩数据是指: 用于跟踪的本地扩频码可包括早支路的早 码、 迟支路的迟码、 准时支路的准时码; 对早支路、 迟支路、 准时支路进 行相关运算处理, 得到三路解扩数据, 且当多径时, 每径都得到所述的三 路解扩数据。
所述的将解扩数据进行分离是指: 利用已知的理想相关波形, 对各径 信号进行分离 (得到的各径解扩数据中, 相互重叠的情况已大大减小)。
所述的对低通滤波后的该二路差值信号进行判别 , 得到定时调整信号 , 对码片时钟进行调整是指: 当两个输入信号, 即一组差值, 都小于零时, 输出 "- 1 ", 此时接收信 号滞后; 当两个输入信号都大于零时, 输出 "1 " , 此时接收信号超前; 当 两个输入信号符号相反时, 输出 " 0" , 此时接收信号处于正确位置;
判别结果经环路滤波后产生控制信号进入 PN码发生器, 调整本地扩频 码的相位, 产生扩频码, 用于解扩; 同时还要计算径间的距离, 用于分离 多径的计算处理。
所述的一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪方法, 其步骤包括:
在接收的信号中提取导频符号;
将用于跟踪的本地扩频码与对应径中的导频符号进行相关运算处理, 所述的用于跟踪的本地扩频码可包括早支路的早码、 迟支路的迟码、 准时 支路的准时码, 所述的相关运算处理可以是对早支路、 迟支路、 准时支路 进行相关运算处理, 得到三路解扩数据, 且当多径时, 每径都得到所述的 三路解扩数据;
利用已知的理想相关波形, 对各径信号进行分离;
将分离后数据进行差值运算处理, 所述的进行差值运算处理即是相加 运算处理, 即: 用早、 迟和准时三路数据生成二路差值信号;
对该二路差值信号进行低通滤波;
对低通滤波后的该二路差值信号进行判别, 即: 当两个输入信号, 即 一組差值, 都小于零时, 输出 此时接收信号滞后; 当两个输入信号 都大于零时, 输出 "1" , 此时接收信号超前; 当两个输入信号符号相反时, 输出 "0" , 此时接收信号处于正确位置;
判别结果经环路滤波后产生控制信号进入 PN码发生器, 调整本地扩频 码的相位, 产生扩频码, 用于解扩; 同时还要计算径间的距离, 用于分离 多径的计算处理。
所述的用早、 迟和准时三路数据生成二路差值信号是指: 进行(准时 - 早)和(迟 - 准时)运算, 得到两路差值信号。 所述的判别结果经环路滤波后产生控制信号进入 PN码发生器, 调整本 地扩频码的相位, 产生扩频码, 用于解扩是指: 在判别时, 若输入控制信 号大于阔值 PQ, 说明接收信号超前, 本地扩频码相位也应向前调整; 若输 入控制信号小于 - PQ, 说明接收信号滞后, 本地扩频码相位也应向后调整; 若输入控制信号在土 PQ之间, 说明此时正确同步, 扩频码相位不做调整; 调整步长为 r。/N , 产生扩频码, 用于解扩。
一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪装置, 包括 PN码发生器, 其特征在于 还包括: 多经分离器, 相关器, 加法器, 低通滤波器, 判别器, 环路滤波 器; 相关器的输出为多经分离器的输入;
多经分离器的输出为加法器的输入;
所述的加法器的输出为低通滤波器的输入;
低通滤波器的输出为判別器的输入;
判别器的输出为环路滤波器的输入;
环路滤波器的输出为 PN码发生器的输入;
PN码发生器输出的径间距离数据为多经分离器的另一输入。
本发明的有益效果在于, 通过提供一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪方 法及装置, 针对多径传输的情况, 通过全数字环路, 使用一种改进的迟早 门技术, 对于误差函数的变形不敏感, 并结合多径分离的思路, 将各径的 跟踪联合起来做, 是一多径跟踪技术。 实现了方法简单, 易于实现, 同步 精度较高的良好效果。
附图说明
图 1是一种 DLL跟踪环路原理图。
图 2是迟早门技术的误差函数曲线。
图 3显示根据本发明的方法设计的同步跟踪环路示意图。 具体实施方式
下面通过实施例及附图对本发明进行详细阐述。
参见图 3, 以两径跟踪为例, 超前、 滞后的间隔为 Tc/N, 调整步长亦 为 Tc/N, 先到达的径为第一径。 导频符号 10由接收信号中提取出来。 22a、 22b、 22c 为第一径跟踪用的本地扩频码, 表示为 C(t- ή+Γε/Λ (早码)、 Cit-T.-T N) (迟码)和 C(t- ή) (准时码), ή为笫一径的延时估计。 23a、 23b, 23c 为第二径跟踪用的本地扩频码, 表示为 C(t- f2+r。/N) (早码)、 C{t-T2-T N) (迟码)和 C(t- f2) (准时码), f2为第二径的延时估计。 本 地扩频码由 PN码发生器 21 不断调整时延而得到, 其初始值由同步捕获给 出。 导频信号 10与这两组扩频码 22、 23分别做相关运算(通过 11、 12两 组相关器), 得到对应的解扩数据。 两组解扩数据进入多径分离器 13。
多径分离器 13 中的操作说明如下。 设接收信号为 r (^人进入多径分离 器 13的两组信号分别为
Gia = r(t)C(t - Γ,. + Tc /N)dt
Gib = f r(t)C(t― ;. ― Tc /N)dt
Figure imgf000008_0001
i = 1,2
多径分离器 13中的操作是
(^m - )^
G IB = GIB - Rc {fib - f j )G JC
G = Gic - i?c(f,. - ; ,c
Rc (fia -
Figure imgf000008_0002
o c(t - , ) (t - ,
i, j = 1,2 i≠ j
其中 为扩频码的理想相关波形, 可事先计算好, 并存储起来;
¾^,Ζ· = 1,2为各早、 迟支路的估计延时; 0 ,0, ,ζ·=1,2为分离后的解扩数 据。 多径分离后的两组解扩数据进入加法器 14a、 14b、 15a 和 15b, 进行 如下运算: (准时—早) 和 (迟 -准时)。 得到两组差值。 之后, 这两组差值 分别经过低通滤波器(LPF ) 16a、 16b、 17a和 17b进行滤波。 滤波后进入 判別器 18a 和 18b, 判别器的功能是: 当两个输入信号 (即一组差值)都 小于零时, 输出 说明接收信号滞后; 当两个输入信号都大于零时, 输出 " , 说明接收信号超前; 当两个输入信号符号相反时, 输出 "0" , 说明接收信号处于正确位置。 判别结果经环路滤波器 19a和 19b后产生控 制信号进入 PN码发生器 2 , 调整本地扩频码的相位, 方法是: 若输入控制 信号大于阈值 P。, 说明接收信号超前, 本地扩频码相位也应向前调整; 若 输入控制信号小于- PD, 说明接收信号滞后, 本地扩频码相位也应向后调 整; 若输入控制信号在 ± P。之间, 说明此时正确同步, 扩频码相位不故调 整。 调整步长为?;/N , 产生 22、 23 两组扩频码, 用于解扩。 同时还要计 算当前时刻两径间的距离 f2 - ή 20, 输出到多径分离器 13 中, 用于分离多 径的计算。
由上面的阐述可以看出, 本发明通过多径分离和三路相关器共同参与 跟踪来对抗多径衰落的影响, 使算法对相关波形的对称性不敏感, 可以降 低跟踪的抖动, 减小噪声的影响, 使跟踪的整体性能提高。
上面针对两径跟踪的情况对本发明进行了说明, 对于更多径的情况, 本发明同样适用。
此外, 本发明是对迟早门电路的一种改进, 不会过多的增加硬件复杂 度, 准时支路的输出仍可用于业务解调。
本发明通过提供一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪方法及装置, 针对多 径传输的情况, 通过全数字环路, 使用一种改进的迟早门技术, 对于误差 函数的变形不敏感, 并结合多径分离的思路, 将各径的跟踪联合起来做, 是一多径跟踪技术。 实现了方法筒单, 易于实现, 同步精度较高的良好效 果。
以上具体实施方式仅用于说明本发明, 而非用于限定本发明。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪方法, 其特征在于,
发端: 在发射的信号中插入导频符号;
收端: 在接收的信号中提取该导频符号; 并且:
将用于跟踪的本地扩频码与对应径中的导频符号进行相关运算处理, 得到三路解扩数据;
将解扩数据进行分离;
将分离后数据进行差值运算处理, 得到二路差值信号;
对该二路差值信号进行低通滤波;
对低通滤波后的该二路差值信号进行判别, 得到定时调整信号, 对码 片时钟进行调整。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的将用于跟踪的本 地扩频码与对应径中的导频符号进行相关运算处理, 得到三路解扩数据是 指: 用于跟踪的本地扩频码可包括早支路的早码、 迟支路的迟码、 准时支 路的准时码; 对早支路、 迟支路、 准时支路进行相关运算处理, 得到三路 解扩数据, 且当多径时, 每径都得到所述的三路解扩数据。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的将解扩数据进行 分离是指: 利用已知的理想相关波形, 对各径信号进行分离。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的对低通滤波后的 该二路差值信号进行判别, 得到定时调整信号, 对码片时钟进行调整是指: 当两个输入信号, 即一组差值, 都小于零时, 输出 "- , 此时接收信 号滞后; 当两个输入信号都大于零时, 输出 "1 " , 此时接收信号超前; 当 两个输入信号符号相反时, 输出 "0", 此时接收信号处于正确位置;
判别结果经环路滤波后产生控制信号进入 P 码发生器, 调整本地扩频 码的相位, 产生扩频码, 用于解扩; 同时还要计算径间的距离, 用于分离 多径的计算处理。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其步骤包括:
在接收的信号中提取导频符号;
将用于跟踪的本地扩频码与对应径中的导频符号进行相关运算处理, 所述的用于跟踪的本地扩频码可包括早支路的早码、 迟支路的迟码、 准时 支路的准时码, 所述的相关运算处理可以是对早支路、 迟支路、 准时支路 进行相关运算处理, 得到三路解扩数据, 且当多径时, 每径都得到所述的 三路解扩数据;
利用已知的理想相关波形 , 对各径信号进行分离;
将分离后数据进行差值运算处理, 所述的进行差值运算处理可以是相 加运算处理, 即: 用早、 迟和准时三路数据生成二路差值信号;
对该二路差值信号进行低通滤波;
对低通滤波后的该二路差值信号进行判别, 即: 当两个输入信号, 即 一组差值, 都小于零时, 输出 "-1", 此时接收信号滞后; 当两个输入信号 都大于零时, 输出 "1" , 此时接收信号超前; 当两个输入信号符号相反时, 输出 "0" , 此时接收信号处于正确位置;
判别结果经环路滤波后产生控制信号进入 PN码发生器, 调整本地扩频 码的相位, 产生扩频码, 用于解扩; 同时还要计算径间的距离, 用于分离 多径的计算处理。
6. 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的用早、 迟和准时 三路数据生成二路差值信号是指: 进行(准时 - 早)和(迟 - 准时)运 算, 得到两路差值信号。
7. 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的判别结果经环路 滤波后产生控制信号进入 PN码发生器, 调整本地扩频码的相位, 产生扩频 码, 用于解扩是指: 在判别时, 若输入控制信号大于阐值 Pfl, 说明接收信 号超前, 本地扩频码相位也应向前调整; 若输入控制信号小于- P。, 说明 接收信号滞后, 本地扩频码相位也应向后调整; 若输入控制信号在 ± P。之 间, 说明此时正确同步, 扩频码相位不做调整; 调整步长为 re/N , 产生扩 频码, 用于解扩。
8. 根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其步骤可进一步包括:
所述的用早、 迟和准时三路数据生成二路差值信号是指:
进行(准时 -早)和(迟 - 准时)运算, 得到两路差值信号; 所述的判别结果经环路滤波后产生控制信号进入 PN码发生器, 调整本 地扩频码的相位, 产生扩频码, 用于解扩是指: 在判别时, 若输入控制信 号大于阈值 P。, 说明接收信号超前, 本地扩频码相位也应向前调整; 若输 入控制信号小于- PD, 说明接收信号滞后, 本地扩频码相位也应向后调整; 若输入控制信号在士 P。之间, 说明此时正确同步, 扩频码相位不做调整; 调整步长为!/N, 产生扩频码, 用于解扩。
9. 一种用于 CDMA的扩频码同步跟踪装置, 包括 PN码发生器, 其特征 在于还包括: 多经分离器, 相关器, 加法器, 低通滤波器, 判别器, 环路 滤波器;
导频符号与 PN码发生器输出的本地扩频码共同构成相关器的输入; 相关器的输出为多经分离器的输入;
多经分离器的输出为加法器的输入;
所述的加法器的输出为低通滤波器的输入;
低通滤波器的输出为判别器的输入;
判别器的输出为环路滤波器的输入;
环路滤波器的输出为 PN码发生器的输入;
PN码发生器输出的径间距离数据为多经分离器的另一输入。
PCT/CN2002/000470 2002-07-03 2002-07-03 Procede et appareil de reperage continu de codes d'etalement de spectre en mode cdma WO2004006480A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0718998A2 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 Nec Corporation De-spread code phase detection apparatus in spread spectrum type receiver
JPH0918446A (ja) * 1995-06-28 1997-01-17 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd 同期追従回路
JPH09321663A (ja) * 1996-05-28 1997-12-12 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd 同期追従装置
JPH11234168A (ja) * 1998-02-10 1999-08-27 Sharp Corp 拡散信号に対する相関処理の同期追従回路
CN1251479A (zh) * 1998-10-19 2000-04-26 松下电器产业株式会社 扩频接收机
JP2001313590A (ja) * 2000-04-27 2001-11-09 Sharp Corp 同期追従方式

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0718998A2 (en) * 1994-12-22 1996-06-26 Nec Corporation De-spread code phase detection apparatus in spread spectrum type receiver
JPH0918446A (ja) * 1995-06-28 1997-01-17 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd 同期追従回路
JPH09321663A (ja) * 1996-05-28 1997-12-12 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd 同期追従装置
JPH11234168A (ja) * 1998-02-10 1999-08-27 Sharp Corp 拡散信号に対する相関処理の同期追従回路
CN1251479A (zh) * 1998-10-19 2000-04-26 松下电器产业株式会社 扩频接收机
JP2001313590A (ja) * 2000-04-27 2001-11-09 Sharp Corp 同期追従方式

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