WO2004005497A1 - インスリン抵抗性改善薬スクリーニング方法 - Google Patents
インスリン抵抗性改善薬スクリーニング方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004005497A1 WO2004005497A1 PCT/JP2003/008367 JP0308367W WO2004005497A1 WO 2004005497 A1 WO2004005497 A1 WO 2004005497A1 JP 0308367 W JP0308367 W JP 0308367W WO 2004005497 A1 WO2004005497 A1 WO 2004005497A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/502—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects
- G01N33/5023—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics for testing non-proliferative effects on expression patterns
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/46—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- C07K14/47—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
- C07K14/4701—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals not used
- C07K14/4702—Regulators; Modulating activity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/70—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction
- C07K2319/71—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing domain for transcriptional activaation, e.g. VP16
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/80—Fusion polypeptide containing a DNA binding domain, e.g. Lacl or Tet-repressor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a substance that promotes the PPARr transcription-inducing activity, and a method for screening a drug for improving insulin resistance or insulin resistance.
- thiazolidine derivatives which have already been shown to be effective as insulin sensitizers, act as agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARr) (Lehmann et al. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 12953-12956, 1995).
- PPARr peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- PPARr belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and is known to bind to a response element upstream of the target gene and induce its transcription as a transcription promoter activated by ligand binding (Mangelsdorf et al., Gel. Vol. 83, pp. 835-839,
- PPARragonists stop cell proliferation and promote cell differentiation (Kitamura et al., Jpn. J. Cancer Res., Vol. 90, Para. 75, 1999). PPAR r is particularly expressed in adipose tissue (Tontonoz et al., Genes and Development, Vol. 8, pp. 1224-1234, Collinsi, Tontonoz et al., Gel, Vol. 79, pp. 1147-1156, 1994)
- induction of adipocyte differentiation does not occur in homo-deficient mice.
- thiazolidine derivative acting as an agonist of PPARr causes a decrease in large fat cells and an increase in small fat cells (Kubota et al., Mol. Gel, Vol. 4, pp. 597-609, 1999).
- the mechanism by which thiazolidine derivatives improve insulin resistance is that PPARr agonists rapidly promote adipocyte differentiation, resulting in suppression of the production of TNF, which is a substance that induces insulin resistance, as well as in peripheral tissues. It is thought that glucose transporter expression is promoted and free fatty acid production is suppressed, resulting in increased glucose uptake into cells and improvement of hyperglycemia (Lehmann et al., J. Biol. Chem., Eds.
- nuclear receptors have two-position transcription promoting regions in their structure.
- the N-terminal one is called the AF-1 region
- the G-terminal one is called the AF-2 region. Since the AF-2 region has been implicated in ligand-dependent transcriptional promotion (Mangelsdorf et al., Cell. 83, 841-850, 1995), Research has been carried out, and it has been used for searching for arguists. On the other hand, there is not much knowledge other than that it is involved in ligand-independent transcription promotion in the AF-1 region.
- the transcription-inducing activity of PPARr requires interaction with a group of transcription-coupling factors, and attempts have been made to identify factors that interact with PPARr.
- the binding of existing nuclear receptor interacting factors to PPAR r has been investigated, and SRC-1 (Zhu et al. Gene Expr. 6, 185-195, 1996), GBP / p300 (Gel man. J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 274, pp. 7681-7688, 1999). It has been reported to interact.
- conjugation factors are thought to bind mainly to the AF-2 region, and only a small number of those known as conjugation factors that bind to the AF-1 region are currently PGC-2 (Cast illo et al., EMB0 ⁇ 18, 3676-3687 (1999)).
- Patent Literature 1 The base sequence and amino acid sequence of the p68 RNA helicase are registered in the database (genpept X52104, genpept X15729, ge-pept BG016027, genpept AF015812), and the upstream base sequence is described in Non-Patent Document 5.
- Patent Literature 1 Patent Literature 2, Patent Literature 3, and Patent Literature 4 describe molecules highly homologous to p68 RNA and recase, and describe that they are involved in wound healing and are useful as tumor markers. I have.
- it has been clarified to be a transcription-inducing coupling factor that binds to the AF-1 region of estrogen receptor, one of nuclear receptors (Non-Patent Document 6).
- Non-Patent Document 6 Non-Patent Document 6
- the detailed molecular mechanism is still unknown.
- Patent Document 3 Patent Document 3
- Patent Document 4 Patent Document 4
- Non-Patent Document 4 (Non-Patent Document 4)
- Non-Patent Document 5 (Non-Patent Document 5)
- Non-Patent Document 6 (Non-Patent Document 6)
- Non-Patent Document 7 (Non-Patent Document 7)
- Non-Patent Document 8 (Non-Patent Document 8)
- the present inventors identified p68 RNA helicase as a protein that binds to the AF-1 region of PPARr, and found that ⁇ 68 RNA helicase was expressed in human adipose tissue. Expression of PPARr promotes the transcription-inducing activity of PPARr. Next, it was found that pioglitazone, which is an insulin sensitizer, induces expression of p68 RNA helicase, and that enhanced expression of the protein improves diabetes. Analysis of the upstream region of the p68 RNA helicase revealed a region that regulates transcriptional repression.
- the present invention provides a method for screening a new type of insulin sensitizer different from the conventional PPAR agonist by promoting the transcription-inducing activity of PPAR r and a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition for improving insulin resistance. The invention has been completed.
- 1 to 10 amino acids include a deleted, substituted, or Z- or inserted amino acid sequence, and further encode a polypeptide that interacts with PPARr.
- [4] i) a step of bringing a test substance into contact with the cells according to [1] to [3], and ii) a change in a test substance-dependent interaction or a test substance dependence using the reporter gene expression as an index.
- Analyzing the change in the PPARr transcription-inducing activity by a method comprising: detecting whether a test substance promotes the PPARr transcription-inducing activity;
- [5] i) a step of bringing a test substance into contact with the cells according to [1] to [3]; ii) a change in a test substance-dependent interaction or a test substance-dependent PPARr Analyzing a change in transcription-inducing activity, andiii) screening a substance that promotes the transcription-inducing activity of PPARr, which comprises a step of selecting a test substance that enhances reporter activity.
- a method of screening for an insulin sensitizer comprising:
- a method for screening for an insulin sensitizer comprising the step of analyzing a change in a test substance-dependent transcription induction activity using the expression of
- Patent Document 1 describes a molecule highly homologous to the P68 RNA helicase, Although many disease names have been implicated, the relationship between p68 RNA helicase and insulin resistance and the relationship between p68 RNA helicase and PPAR r are not described.
- a molecule highly homologous to the p68 RNA helicase described in Patent Document 2 is considered to be involved in wound healing.
- a molecule having high homology to p68 RNA helicase described in Patent Document 3 or Patent Document 4 is useful as a tumor marker and is involved in various cancers. None of the patent documents describes the relationship between p68 RNA helicase or a molecule highly homologous thereto and its relationship with insulin resistance and its relationship with PPARy.
- the fact that the p68 RNA helicase binds to the AF-1 region of PPAR r and functions as a transcription induction coupling factor is a novel finding discovered by the present inventors, and the interaction between PPAR r and the p68 RNA helicase.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing luciferase activity performed in Example 2.
- the vertical axis of the graph indicates luciferase activity, and the horizontal axis indicates the amount of p68 RNA helicase expression vector.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing luciferase activity performed in (3) of Example 5.
- the vertical axis of daraf indicates luciferase activity, and the horizontal axis indicates cotransfected plasmid.
- the shaded bar shows the result of no drug addition, and the black bar shows the result of drug addition.
- polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 is a known human-derived natural p68 RNA helicase. From the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 Is a known human-derived natural PPARr.
- Polypeptides that interact with PPARr for preparing the cells of the present invention for PPARr transcription activity test include:
- polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2;
- a polypeptide (hereinafter, referred to as a protein) consisting of an amino acid sequence having 90% or more homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and interacting with the AF-1 region of PPARr A homologous polypeptide);
- Functional equivalent variants include “a polypeptide that contains the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 and that interacts with the AF-1 region of PPARr”, “an amino acid represented by SEQ ID NO: 2” In the sequence, 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 7, and more preferably 1 to 5 amino acids comprise an amino acid sequence in which deletion, substitution, and / or insertion has been performed, and the AF-1 region of PPARr And polypeptides that interact with the protein.
- the homologous polypeptide is composed of an amino acid sequence having a homology of 90% or more with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, and is particularly a protein that interacts with the AF-1 region of PPARr.
- the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 preferably comprises an amino acid sequence having 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and still more preferably 98% or more homology.
- a protein that interacts with the AF-1 region of PPARr preferably a protein that interacts with the AF-1 region of PPARr.
- the term "homology j" used herein refers to a Glustal program (1 ⁇ 883 and 3113 ⁇ , Gene, 73, 237-244, 1998; Thompson et al., Ucleic Acid Res., 22 Vol., Pp. 4673-4680, 1994) means the value Identities obtained by default using the parameters prepared by the search.The above parameters are as follows.
- polypeptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 2, a functionally equivalent variant and a homologous polypeptide are collectively referred to as “PPAR-interacting P68 RNA helicase”.
- the gene encoding the PPAR r protein fusion for preparing the cells of the present invention for the PPAR r transcription induction test is at least the AF-1 region of the PPAR r protein represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 and the DNA of the transcription factor.
- AF-1 region of the coupling region and may be a gene encoding a fusion protein consisting of c PPAR is expressed by the 1st to 5th 0 4 th nucleotide sequence of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 area It is.
- the DNA binding region may be a DNA binding region of any transcription factor.
- the “DNA binding region” is a region that functions to bind to DNA, and has a DNA binding ability to a response sequence, but does not independently have a transcription inducing ability.
- the “transcription factor” used for detecting the transcription-inducing ability of PPARr is not limited as long as it is a eukaryotic transcription factor having a region that binds to a specific DMA sequence in the cell nucleus. Further, the DNA binding region of the transcription factor may have a DMA binding ability to a response element, but may have no ability to induce transcription by itself.
- transcription factors include, for example, the yeast GAL4 protein (Keegan et al., Science, Vol. 231, pp. 699-704, 1986, Ma et al., Gel 48: 847-853). 1987).
- the DNA-binding region and the transcription-inducing region of the GAL4 transcription factor are located on the N-terminal side (the region including the first to 147th amino acids).
- the “response element” a DNA sequence to which the DMA binding region of the transcription factor can bind is used.
- the region may be cut out from the upstream region of the gene and used, or the sequence may be chemically synthesized and used.
- a more detailed definition and an example of “response sequence” are described in “Molecular Cell Biology 4th Edition” (translated by Maruyama et al., Tokyo Chemical Dojinsha, 2001).
- the “reporter gene” located downstream of the response element is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used one, but is preferably an enzyme gene or the like that is easily quantitatively measured. Examples include a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (GAT) derived from a bacterial transposon, a luciferase gene (LUG) derived from a firefly, and a green fluorescent protein gene (GFP) derived from a jellyfish.
- GAT chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene
- LEG luciferase gene
- GFP green fluorescent protein gene
- Polynucleotides encoding PPARr, the DNA binding region of transcription factors, and PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicases are synthesized using primers and probes designed and synthesized based on known amino acid sequence and base sequence information, and PGR ( It can be isolated from the cDNA library by screening using the Polymerase Chain Reaction method or hybridization.
- PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicases are identified as the same molecular species and can be any type that interacts with PPARr and affects the ability of the receptor to induce transcription in the presence of ligand. Species may be derived, for example, human (GenBank accession numbers X15729, X52104 and AF015812), mouse
- PPARy is identified as the same molecular species and may be derived from any species as long as it functions in vivo as a nuclear receptor. For example, human (GenBank accession number U79012 ), A mouse (GenBank accession number U09138), a rat (GenBank accession number AB019561), and the like.
- PPARr has two isoforms, PPARrl and PPARr2.
- PPARrl lacks the N-terminal 30 amino acids compared to PPARy2, but the other amino acid sequences are exactly the same. Both are known to be expressed in adipose tissue.
- a polynucleotide encoding PPAR ⁇ , a DNA binding region of a transcription factor, or a PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase can be obtained, for example, as follows, but is not limited to this method and is a known procedure. , J et al., Cold Spring
- Nucleotides can be produced.
- human cells or tissues capable of producing the protein of the present invention include, for example, human adipose tissue. Extract mRNA from human adipose tissue. Next, the mRNA is subjected to a reverse transcriptase reaction in the presence of a random primer or an oligo dT primer to synthesize a first-strand cDNA.
- the polynucleotide of the present invention or a part thereof is obtained. More specifically, the polynucleotide of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the method described in Example 1.
- the PPAR of the present specification can be obtained by the procedure described in the above-mentioned Patent Document “Embodiment of the Invention” 1)
- the method for producing a protein gene b)
- the second production method r a polynucleotide can be produced that encodes a recombination into the DNA binding region of a transcription factor or PPAR-interacting p68 RNA.
- the DNAs encoding each of these regions may be used alone or ligated by the method described in rWo l ecu l ar G l on ngj [Satnbrook, J et al., Go Id Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989].
- an expression system of PPAR r and PPAR interacting p68 RNA helicase in test cells can be constructed.
- the polynucleotide obtained as described above may be incorporated into an appropriate vector plasmid and introduced into a host cell in the form of a plasmid. These may be configured so that both are contained on one plasmid, or may be configured so that each is contained on a separate plasmid. Alternatively, cells in which such a configuration has been integrated into chromosomal DMA May be obtained and used.
- the reporter gene linked to the response element was also constructed using general gene recombination techniques, this construct was incorporated into a vector plasmid, and the resulting recombinant plasmid was introduced into host cells. Is used. Alternatively, cells having such a configuration incorporated into chromosome DNA may be obtained and used.
- PPAR ⁇ may be introduced from the outside, but when a cell rich in endogenous PPAR ⁇ , such as an adipose-derived cell, is used as a host cell, any of the above-mentioned configurations may be used.
- PPAR r may be omitted and only a configuration consisting of a reporter linked to a response element and a PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase may be introduced.
- fragments containing the isolated polynucleotides can be transformed into eukaryotic and prokaryotic host cells by reintegration into an appropriate vector plasmid. Furthermore, by introducing an appropriate promoter and a sequence involved in expression into these vectors, the gene can be expressed in each host cell. Methods for transforming host cells and expressing genes are described in, for example, “Embodiments of the Invention” in the above-mentioned patent document. 2) The vector of the present invention, the host cell of the present invention, and the method for producing the recombinant protein of the present invention. It can be carried out by the method described in (1).
- the expression vector is not particularly limited as long as it contains the desired polynucleotide.
- the expression vector can be obtained by introducing the desired polynucleotide into a known expression vector appropriately selected according to the host cell to be used. Can be listed.
- the cell of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by transfection of a desired host cell with the expression vector. More specifically, for example, as described in Example 2, a desired polynucleotide expression vector can be obtained by incorporating a desired polynucleotide into an expression vector for mammalian cells-PCDNA3.1. Then, the transformed vector of the present invention can be produced by incorporating the expression vector into G0S-1 cells using a commercially available transfection reagent, Ribofectamine 2000.
- the desired transformed cells obtained above can be cultured according to a conventional method, and the desired protein is produced by the culture.
- the medium used for the culture Various commonly used cells can be selected depending on the host cell used.For example, in the case of the above COS-1 cells, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium (DIEM) supplemented with serum components such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) A medium obtained by adding G418 to such a medium can be used.
- DIEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Minimum Essential Medium
- FBS fetal bovine serum
- test cells Culturing the cells of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as test cells) in the presence of a test substance
- test substance when the test substance promotes the expression of PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase or suppresses the degradation, an increase in the expressed reporter activity is observed.
- a substance is identified as a PPAR r transcription inducing activity promoter.
- Each of these has a different structure from the conventional PPAR agonist, and is expected to have a stronger main effect and act as an insulin sensitizer that is separated from side effects.
- One embodiment of the present invention comprises: (1) i) a polynucleotide encoding a PPAR-interacting p68 RNA-request, ii) at least an AF-1 region of a PPAR r protein and a DNA binding region of a transcription factor.
- a method for selecting and screening for a substance that promotes the PPAR r transcription-inducing activity and a substance that improves insulin resistance which consists of detecting and measuring changes in the PPAR r transcription activation activity by test substances in No.
- the one-hybrid system is a method for detecting a protein-protein interaction using a reporter gene expression as a marker.
- a transcription factor has two regions with different functions, a DNA binding region and a transcription activation region, but in the hybrid system, in order to examine the interaction between two types of proteins X and Y, 1) the transcription factor of
- a fusion protein consisting of a DNA binding region and X and 2) Y are simultaneously expressed in cultured cells.
- proteins X and Y interact, they form a transcription complex.
- This binds to the transcription factor response element (specifically binding DMA site) in the cell nucleus and is located downstream of it.
- DMA site transcription factor response element
- the interaction between the two proteins can be detected by replacing the expression of the reporter gene. More specifically, it can be carried out by the method of Cast i l l o
- test substance on the interaction of p68 RNA helicase for PPAR r and PPAR interaction can be detected by replacing the expression of the reporter gene, promote interaction between PPAR interaction P 68 RNA helicase and PPAR
- a substance that is, a substance that promotes the transcription-inducing activity of PPARr
- a substance that improves insulin resistance can be detected and Z- or screened.
- the PPAR r is a full-length protein, it is preferably an Atsuyi system. It is advisable to add a PPAR r ligand to the mixture.
- the nuclear receptor changes its tertiary structure due to the binding of the ligand to the AF-2 region, resulting in the recruitment of transcription coupling factors to the AF-1 and AF-2 regions. It has been reported that transcriptional activation has occurred. More specifically, the screening can be performed by the method described in Example 2.
- PPAR y ligand to be added when using the PPAR r full-length region is not particularly limited as long as it can induce the transcription-inducing ability of PPAR ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , for example, 1 to 1000 nM, preferably. Are those capable of inducing the ability of PPARy to induce transcription at a final concentration of 1 to 100 nM, more preferably 1 to 30 nM.
- PPAR ligands include thiazolidine derivatives such as pioglitazone (Lehmann et al., J. Biol. Ghem., Vol. 270, No. 12953-12956, 1995).
- Another embodiment of the method characterized by measuring the effect of a test substance on the interaction between PPAR r and PPAR interaction p68 RNA helicase is, for example, a method for biochemical detection.
- PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase labeled with RI or the like and an appropriate tag protein such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), protein jS-galactosidase, maltose-binding protein (MBP), etc.
- GST glutathione-S-transferase
- MBP maltose-binding protein
- It can be carried out by directly detecting the binding between the protein and the fusion protein consisting of the AF-1 region of PPAR r in the presence of the test substance. More specifically, it can be implemented by the method described in the first embodiment.
- Another embodiment is an immunochemical method (ELISA method).
- ELISA method for example, in order to examine the interaction between two types of proteins X and Y, X is fixed in advance, and after mixing Y and the test substance, nonspecific binding is performed. Wash by an appropriate method to remove, and then add an antibody that specifically reacts with Y with antigen and antibody. The amount of Y bound to the immobilized X can be detected by replacing the amount of the antibody specifically reacting with Y.
- a substance that promotes the interaction between the PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helices and PPARr and a substance that improves insulin resistance can be detected and screened or screened.
- Methods for detecting and / or screening for a substance that promotes the PPAR r transcription-inducing activity and a substance that improves insulin resistance include the methods described above, and the PPAR used in the above embodiment is 1) AF-1 Region 2) Preferably, it may be any of the PPAR full-length regions together with the addition of the ligand.
- Methods for screening for an insulin sensitizer that includes a step of analyzing changes in the expression level of PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase>
- Insulin resistance ameliorating drugs can be screened by the method characterized by the following.
- the “cell” may be any cell that expresses a PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase, and may be a cell obtained by transforming a PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase expression vector as described above.
- the culture cell 3T3L1 described in Example 4 is used.
- Whether the rppAR-interacting cell expressing the p68 RNA helicase is expressing the p68 RNA helicase is determined by Northern blotting using a gene having a base sequence encoding the p68 RNA helicase or a part thereof. Method, Western blotting using an antibody specific to the p68 RNA helicase, and the like.
- the test substance-dependent change in the amount of PPAR-interacted p68 RNA helicase expressed in the test substance-dependent p68 RNA helicase is determined by adding or not adding a test substance to cells expressing the PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase, and then collecting the cells. It can be measured as a change in the amount of mRNA that is a gene transcription product or a protein encoded by the mRNA.Comparing the change in the expression level between when no test substance is added and when a test substance is added By doing so, it is possible to analyze changes in the expression level of the test substance-dependent PPAR interaction p68 RNA helicase. RNA or a cell extract can be obtained from the collected cells.
- the amount of PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase mRNA in the recovered RNA can be detected, for example, by the real-time PGR method. More specifically, the screening can be performed by the method described in Example 4.
- the protein content of PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase in the recovered cell extract can be detected by, for example, an immunochemical method (eg, Western blotting method). In this way, it is possible to carry out the subscription-learning of Li insulin sensitizer by the analyzing the expression amount of change of PPAR interaction P 68 RNA helicase,
- An insulin resistance ameliorating agent can be screened by including a step of analyzing a test substance-dependent change in transcription induction activity as an indicator.
- Reporter gene atssii is a method for detecting gene expression regulation using the reporter gene expression as a marker.
- the regulation of gene expression is controlled by a part called the promoter region existing in the 5 'upstream region, and the gene expression level at the transcription stage can be estimated by measuring the activity of this promoter.
- the test substance activates the promoter, it activates the transcription of a reporter gene located downstream of the promoter region.
- the promoter activating effect that is, the expression enhancing effect can be detected by replacing the expression of the reporter gene.
- the effect of the test substance on the regulation of the expression of the PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase can be detected by replacing the expression of the reporter gene with the reporter gene assay using the promoter region of the PPAR-interacting p68 RNA helicase.
- the ⁇ reporter gene '' fused to the promoter region of the p68 RNA helicase consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5 is not particularly limited as long as it is a commonly used one, but is preferably an enzyme gene or the like which is easily quantitatively measured. .
- bacterial transposon-derived clonal ramphenicol acetyltransferase gene CAT
- firefly-derived luciferase gene Luc
- jellyfish-derived green fluorescent protein gene GFP
- the reporter gene may be functionally fused to the p68 RNA helicase promoter region consisting of the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 5.
- Test substance-dependent induction of transcription by comparing the expression level of the reporter gene with and without contacting the cells transformed with the reporter gene fused to the promoter region of the p68 RNA helicase Changes in activity can be analyzed.
- test substance used in the screening method of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include commercially available compounds (including peptides) and various known compounds (including peptides) registered in a chemical file.
- Combinatorial 'chemistry technology Teerrett et al., J. Steel e. Tetrahedron, Vol. 51, pp. 8135—8173,
- the present invention provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition for improving insulin resistance, which comprises a step of screening using the screening method of the present invention, and a step of formulating a substance using the substance obtained by the screening.
- a method is included.
- Preparations comprising a substance obtained by the screening method of the present invention as an active ingredient may be prepared using carriers, excipients, and other additives commonly used for the preparation of the active ingredient, depending on the type of the active ingredient. Can be prepared.
- administration examples include oral administration such as tablets, pills, capsules, granules, fine granules, powders, or oral solutions, or injections such as intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, or joint injection, and suppositories.
- Parenteral administration such as an agent, a transdermal agent, or a transmucosal agent.
- parenteral administration such as intravenous injection is preferred for peptides digested in the stomach.
- compositions for oral administration one or more active substances and at least one inert diluent such as lactose, mannitol, glucose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, starch, polyvinyl It can be mixed with pyrrolidone, or magnesium aluminate metasilicate.
- the composition contains additives other than an inert diluent, such as a lubricant, a disintegrant, It may contain a stabilizer, or a solubilizing or solubilizing agent.
- Tablets or pills can be coated with a sugar coating or a film such as a gastric or enteric substance, if necessary.
- Liquid compositions for oral use can include, for example, emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, or elixirs; commonly used inert diluents, such as purified water Or it may include ethanol.
- the composition can contain additives other than inert diluents, for example, wetting agents, suspending agents, sweetening agents, fragrances, or preservatives.
- Parenteral injections can include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions, or emulsions.
- the water-soluble solution or suspension may contain, as a diluent, for example, distilled water for injection or physiological saline.
- examples of the diluent for the water-insoluble solution or suspension include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, vegetable oil (eg, olive oil), alcohols (eg, ethanol), and polysorbate 80. it can.
- the composition may further include a wetting agent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent, a stabilizer, a solubilizing or solubilizing agent, a preservative, and the like.
- the composition can be sterilized by, for example, filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter, blending of a fungicide, or irradiation.
- a sterile solid composition can be produced and dissolved in sterile water or another sterile injectable medium before use.
- the dose can be appropriately determined in consideration of the active ingredient, that is, the intensity of the activity of the substance obtained by the screening method of the present invention, the symptoms, the age or sex of the administration subject, and the like.
- the dose is usually about 0 ⁇ ⁇ / day for an adult (assuming a body weight of 60 kg)! ⁇ 100mg, preferably 0. ⁇ ! ⁇ 50 mg.
- the dosage is 0.01 to 50 mg, preferably 0.01 to 10 mg per day in the form of injection.
- the GDNA encoding the entire length of human PPARr2 was introduced into the animal cell expression vector PGDNA3.1 / V5-His-T0P0 vector (Invitrogen) by the in vitro recombination T0P0 cloning method (Invitrogen). Plasmid pcDNA-PPARr for animal cell expression was prepared.
- the pcDNA-PPARr prepared in (1) of Example 1 was used as a type III protein by the PGR method (DNA polymerase (Taq DNA polymerase; Sigma)). After repeating 5 cycles of 94 ° C (30 seconds), 55 ° C (30 seconds), and 72 ° C (30 seconds) 25 times, heating at 72 ° C for 7 minutes) An approximately 600 bp GDNA fragment encoding a region including the AF-1 region of PPARr was obtained.
- a thiazolidine derivative, pioglitazone (piogl itazone. (+)-5- [4- [2- (5-ethyl-2-pyridinyl) ethoxy] benzyl] benzyl), which has been reported to act as a ligand for PPAR r 4-Thiazolidinedione; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., patent 1853588) was synthesized according to the method described in the patent specification.
- the PPARragonist pioglitazone was added to the transfected cells to a final concentration of 30 nM and cultured for 24 hours. Then, the medium was removed, and the cells were washed with a phosphate buffer (PBS). The cells were lysed by adding 80 jul of a cell lysate (100 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.8), 0.2% Triton X-100) per well. A luciferase substrate solution (100 uI, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to the cell lysate (20 I), and the amount of luminescence was measured using a chemiluminescence measuring device (ML3000; Dynatec Laboratories).
- ML3000 chemiluminescence measuring device
- -galactosidase activity of the cell lysate was measured using a -galactosidase activity detection kit (Galcto-Light Plus TM system; TR0PIX) and quantified. The above luciferase activity was corrected for each well as the transfusion efficiency of the transgene.
- a human cDNA library (Clontech) at 94 ° C (5 minutes) was prepared using the PGR method (DNA polymerase (Taq DNA polymerase; Sigma)). After that, a cycle of 94 ° C (30 seconds), 55 ° C (30 seconds), and 72 ° C (30 seconds) is repeated 35 times and heated at 72 ° C for 7 minutes. The amplification of the 800 bp GDNA fragment was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. As a result, the p68 RNA helicase was found to be expressed in adipose tissue and muscle, which are known to have the action of PPAR r. This also confirmed that the p68 RNA helicase is a transcriptional coactivator of PPAR ⁇ from the expression site.
- Cultured cells 3T3L1 cells are grown to confluence by adding 2 ml of the minimum essential medium DIEM (Gibco) containing 10% fetal calf serum (Sigma) to a culture plate (diameter 60; Asahi Techno Glass). did. Then, add insulin (final concentration 10 / g / ml; Sigma), dexamethasone (final concentration 250 Sigma) and 3-isobutyl-1-methoxyxanthine to differentiation medium (minimum essential medium DMEM (Gibco)). (Final concentration of 500 juM; Sigma) was added to the mixture, and pioglitazone (final concentration of 1 ⁇ ), which was an insulin sensitizer, was added and p68 was not added.
- RNA extraction reagent IS0GEN; Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- reverse transcription reaction kit Thermoscript RT-PCR
- pioglitazone which is an insulin sensitizer, has the effect of increasing the expression level of p68 RNA helicase, and thus, it is supported that the increased expression of p68 RNA helicase improves insulin resistance.
- PGL3-p68-899 bp, pGL3-p68-1 184 bp constructed in Example 5, (1), or pGL3-Basic (100 ng / well) as a negative control was used as the j8-galactosidase expression vector (pGMV-).
- the cells were transiently cotransfected into G0S-1 cells together with ⁇ -galactosidase control vector (Roche Diagnostics) (10 ng Nowell). Cotransfect was performed in the same manner as in (2) of Example 2. After culturing for 48 hours, the amount of luciferase luminescence was measured in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the ⁇ -galactosidase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 2, and the above-mentioned luciferase activity was corrected for each gel as the transfection efficiency of the transgene.
- the promoter activity of the p68 RNA helicase gene was much stronger than that of the negative control pGL3-Bas iG (pGL3-p68-1 at 184 bp had a promoter activity of pGL3-Basic). 202 times, at pGL3-p68-899 bp about 94 times that of pGL3-Basic).
- Example 2 After adding piodaritazone, one of the insulin sensitizers, to the cells transfected in (5) of Example 5 to a final concentration of 10 M and culturing for 24 hours, the same procedure as in Example 2 was performed. Luciferase activity was measured. Further, the S-galactosidase activity was measured in the same manner as in Example 2, and the luciferase activity was corrected for each cell as the transgene efficiency of the transgene.
- promoter activity of the p68 RNA helicase gene was enhanced in an insulin sensitizer-dependent manner (Fig. 2). This fact revealed that transcription of the p68 RNA helices gene was enhanced by pioglitazone, one of the insulin sensitizers, and that the mechanism of insulin resistance improvement was clarified by the p68 RNA helicopter. It has been shown to be transcriptional activation of the base gene.
- pioglitazone one of the insulin sensitizers, enhances the promoter activity of the p68 RNA to recase gene, and was similarly observed in both pGL3-p68-899bp and pGL3-p68-1184bp, indicating that pioglitazone It is considered that the site of action of transcriptional activation by I was located 3 'downstream of -899 bp, and it was revealed that the region from -1184 bp to -899 bp did not release transcriptional repression regulation.
- screening for a substance that has the effect of releasing the inhibitory regulation of this p68 RNA helicase gene more specifically, screening for a substance that further enhances the reporter activity of pGL3-p68-1 184 bp, and screening for a substance that enhances the conventional insulin resistance It has become possible to detect and screen or screen for substances that enhance the expression level of recase to p68 RNA different from the sex improver and substances that improve insulin resistance.
- PPAR r a PPAR interacts screening system using the interaction of p68 RNA helicase, and scan chestnut-learning system using the enhanced expression of PPAR interaction
- P 68 RNA helicase is conventional insulin It can be used to screen for new types of drugs that are different from the drug PPAR r synthetic ligand.
- the cells of the present invention can be used for constructing the screening system.
- a pharmaceutical composition for improving insulin resistance is produced by formulating a substance obtainable by the screening method of the present invention as an active ingredient and using a carrier, excipient, and / or other additive. can do.
- Sequence Listing Free Text The description of "Ar" UfiGial Sequencej is described in the numbers 223> in the following sequence table. Specifically, each base sequence represented by the sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 6 to 8, 10, 14, and 15 in the sequence listing is a primer sequence artificially synthesized.
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CA002491417A CA2491417A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-07-01 | Method for screening an agent for improving insulin resistance |
JP2004519224A JPWO2004005497A1 (ja) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-07-01 | インスリン抵抗性改善薬スクリーニング方法 |
AU2003246177A AU2003246177A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-07-01 | Method of screening insulin resistance improving drug |
EP03738614A EP1533368A4 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-07-01 | SCREENING METHOD FOR A DRUG TO IMPROVE INSULIN RESISTANCE |
US10/519,447 US20050244829A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2003-07-01 | Method of screening insulin resistance inproving drug |
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- 2003-07-01 EP EP03738614A patent/EP1533368A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-07-01 WO PCT/JP2003/008367 patent/WO2004005497A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-07-01 AU AU2003246177A patent/AU2003246177A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-01 US US10/519,447 patent/US20050244829A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-01 JP JP2004519224A patent/JPWO2004005497A1/ja not_active Withdrawn
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WO2001042307A1 (en) * | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-14 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | MUTANT ERα AND TEST SYSTEMS FOR TRANSACTIVATION |
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EP1533368A4 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
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