WO2004001281A1 - Systeme de reservoir destine au stockage de fluides dans une caverne rocheuse et procede de construction d'une barriere etanche aux fluides a la surface de la formation rocheuse dans une caverne - Google Patents

Systeme de reservoir destine au stockage de fluides dans une caverne rocheuse et procede de construction d'une barriere etanche aux fluides a la surface de la formation rocheuse dans une caverne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004001281A1
WO2004001281A1 PCT/NO2003/000189 NO0300189W WO2004001281A1 WO 2004001281 A1 WO2004001281 A1 WO 2004001281A1 NO 0300189 W NO0300189 W NO 0300189W WO 2004001281 A1 WO2004001281 A1 WO 2004001281A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cavern
rock
fluid tight
barrier
rock formation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2003/000189
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Otto Skovholt
Anton Gjørven
Original Assignee
Statoil Asa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Statoil Asa filed Critical Statoil Asa
Priority to AU2003258889A priority Critical patent/AU2003258889A1/en
Publication of WO2004001281A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004001281A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/005—Underground or underwater containers or vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0155—Type of cavity by using natural cavities

Definitions

  • Tank system for storage of fluids in a rock cavern and method for constructing a fluid tight barrier on the surface of rock for ⁇ iation in a cavern.
  • the present invention relates to a tank system in a cavern, in particular for storage of cryogenic fluids.
  • the invention relates further to a method for constructing such tank systems in rock.
  • DE B2 1.451.317 describes a tank for storage of cooled liquid.
  • the tank is arranged in an excavated basin in the ground and comprises an outer wall and a base plate of concrete.
  • the outer wall is prestressed in circumferential direction along its outer wall circumference.
  • the concrete base rests on a foundation of suitable supporting material, while the space between the exterior of concrete wall and the excavated basin is correspondingly filled with a filler.
  • Pipes are installed in the filler below the tank base, in order to circulate a heating medium for controlling the temperature in the ground. The purpose of said circulation is to prevent frost heave in the ground.
  • Solid insulation is arranged internally of the concrete wall, made up of insulation elements.
  • a fluid tight barrier is arranged inside of the insulation, the barrier being made of a material which may resist the liquid to be stored in the tank.
  • the barrier is made of polyester foils .
  • JP 06023356 describes a rock cavern, intended for storage of LNG.
  • the tank is constructed by first blasting a shaft vertically down into the rock formation, whereupon at a preferred level a horizontal chamber is blasted.
  • the horizontal chamber is provided with ring shaped extensions arranged at least in two places, of which one is in the vicinity of the lower end of the shaft. From said ring shaped extensions horizontal holes are drilled in the rock formation for installation of heating pipes. Cooled brine is circulated through said pipes in order to establish an ice cover around the tank.
  • the tank is formed of an internal membrane surrounded by insulation. The object of such solution is to use the established ice cover as a load bearing element and thus reduce the volume of structural concrete. Further, the ice cover is used to prevent intrusion of water into the cavity.
  • a further problem related to cryogenic rock plants is the need for controlling the temperature in the ambient rock formation. Due to the properties of the rock formation it is not desirable to expose the rock formation for temperatures below approximately -40°C.
  • a further problem related to cryogenic tanks of this type is that moisture in the cavern or from the rock formations will be transported to the coldest surface. A barrier for preventing such transport of moist is thus required.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to use cooling actively and to establish a permanent and controllable monitoring of the temperature in the rock formation.
  • the choice of coolant is in such context very important. It is of importance to use a coolant which will definitively not freeze even at cryogenic temperatures. If the coolant freezes, effect will be lost and excessive and detrimental freezing will occur, causing possible crumbling of the rock formation.
  • a further advantage of the solution according to the present invention relates to the possibility of simplified emptying of the cryogenic tank within the cavern. Since a rock tank is used and due to the ice cover around the rock tank, a system employing a submersible pump for pumping out the cryogenic liquid from the tank is not required. It will suffice to employ a pressure from the top of the tank and thus "force" the cryogenic liquid out of the tank.
  • Another advantage is that a fluid tight barrier is established, preventing moist from the ice cover and/or the rock foundation to be transported towards the much colder surface on the exterior of the inner tank.
  • An object of arranging the pipes on the surface of the rock formation, embedded in concrete, is to obtain good and direct contact between the coolant and the rock formation.
  • the present solution is suitable for tall tanks, i.e. tanks where the height exceeds the width or the diameter of the tank.
  • Essential characteristics for the solution according to the present invention may be: optimum use of materials minimum use of expensive materials effective exploitation of the strength of cheap materials.
  • Figure 1 shows a view of a rock cavern according to the invention
  • Figure 2 show a vertical section in more detail of rock and tank system indicated in section A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a section in detail of a lower corner of the inner tank, marked with B in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 shows a way of welding two adjacent edges of adjacent steel plates, for formation of a fluid tight barrier
  • Figure 5 shows a preferred method for welding together the edges of adjacent steel plates.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a vertical view of a rock cavern 11 according to the invention.
  • the rock cavern comprises an inner fluid tight tank 11 arranged within a blasted rock cavern, defined by the surrounding rock formations. Insulation materials 20 are arranged in the intermediate space between the inner tank 11 and the rock.
  • the excavated rock cavern may for instant have a diameter of 73 m and a total height of approximately 140 m. Such cavern may be defined as a large tank.
  • the inner tank may have a height of approximately 120 m.
  • the tank may for instant have a volume of approximately 370.000 m 3 .
  • At its upper end the tank may be terminated by means of a dome shaped arch, for instant with a height in the order of 17 - 20 m.
  • Figure 2 shows a vertical section in detail of the rock and the tank wall indicated with the section A in Figure 1.
  • the Figure shows a method according to the present invention of obtaining a fluid tight rock wall where water and moisture do not inter the cavern from the surrounding rock formations.
  • a system of cooling pipes 17 is arranged 'close to the rock wall 16 on the blasted side of the cavern.
  • the cooling pipes may preferably be supported by reinforcement nets (not shown) .
  • a layer of shotcrete is gunned onto the rock 16 and the cooling pipes 17, more or less covering the rock and the cooling pipes completely.
  • the exterior of the layer of shotcrete is then levelled by means of a layer 19 of concrete.
  • a barrier 33 for preventing intrusion of moist is installed on said levelled layer 19 of concrete.
  • the barrier 33 may for instant be formed of Ni-steel or other type of suitable material. Reference is made to the corresponding description of the barrier in conjunction with Figures 3 and 4.
  • the purpose of the barrier 33 is to prevent transport of moisture from the surrounding rock formations 16 towards the exterior of the inner tank.
  • a concrete wall 34 is preferably erected.
  • Insulation of a suitable type is installed in the intermediate space between the inner tank 11 and the rock formation 16, i.e. the concrete wall 34.
  • the insulation material may for instant be pearlite.
  • the foundation 13 for the inner tank 11 may preferably be made as a ring shaped base 21, made of wood.
  • the vertical wall 14 is directly supported by said ring shaped base 21.
  • the bottom plate 12 of the tank 14 may for instant be made up of plates of wood and may for instant have a thickness of 200 mm.
  • the base plates 14 are supported by a number of parallel beams 22, for instant 200 mm x 1000mm.
  • the centre to centre distance between adjacent beams 22 may for instant be 1200 mm.
  • the fluid tight barrier 23 is made of thin steel plates having a thickness of 4 mm.
  • the inner, vertical wall 14 comprises an outer 25 and inner 24 structurally supporting wall element and an intermediate fluid tight barrier 26.
  • the intermediate fluid tight barrier 26 is joined with the fluid tight barrier 23 resting on the tank base plate 12. Said joint is also made fluid tight.
  • the fluid tight barrier 26 may for example be made of thin plates joined together along the plate edges to form a fluid tight joint.
  • the joint may be made in any suitable, conventional manner.
  • the edges of the metal plates may for example be bent up and the upper end of the edges of the metal plates may then be bent and folded together. Alternatively and/or in addition the edges may be welded together.
  • the plates may optionally be glued together. In the latter case it may suffice to let the plates partly overlap and then apply glue.
  • Figure 3 shows in detail a section at the lower end of the wall 14 in the inner tank 11.
  • the vertical wall 14 rests on a ring formed beam 21, preferably made of wood.
  • the vertical wall 14 is provided with a horizontal metal plate, preferably steel.
  • the steel plate 27 extends into the inner tank 11 and is via an expansion loop 30 connected fluid tight to the fluid tight barrier 23, resting on the tank base plate 12.
  • the vertical wall 14 comprises an inner structurally supporting wall element 24 and an outer structurally supporting element 25.
  • a vertical fluid tight barrier 26, fluid tightly joined with the plate 27 forming the lower end of the vertical wall 14, is arranged between said wall elements as an integral part of the vertical wall 14.
  • securing embedment means 31 are arranged in order to secure transfer of loads and forces into the concrete wall. Said embedment means 31 may preferably be arranged at different vertical levels.
  • the fluid tight barrier 23,26 should be made of a material which may withstand the fluid to be stored.
  • the types of material may for example be metal plates, for instant made of Ni-steel, plastic materials in the form of films, membranes in the form of epoxy, etc.
  • Figure 4 shows a preferred way of establishing a fluid tight joint between two adjacent steel plates.
  • the side edges are bent upwards and welded together at two different levels by means of a continuous, fluid tight welding seam 32.
  • the function of the inner structurally supporting wall element 24 is to protect the membrane from loads and impacts from the stored fluid and also to form support for the membrane, in particular when the fluid is cooled down to cryogenic temperatures.
  • the outer structural part 24 shall in particular take up loads and forces and should consequently be prestressed.
  • the wall should in addition preferably be ordinary, non-prestressed, reinforced.
  • the membrane or the intermediate fluid tight barrier 26 may be formed of plastic materials, such as plastic sheets or a layer of epoxy.
  • a vertical shaft 35 is established down to a level just below the intended level for the upper, dome shaped arch.
  • the arch is the blasted and subsequently is secured, for example by a pattern of securing bolts (not shown) having a suitable length.
  • Such lengths may for instant be a combination of bolts with a length of 6 m and 12 m.
  • a sealing concrete plug 36 is established in the vertical shaft 35.
  • the entire part of this construction process may be performed in parallel with construction of the inner tank.
  • the structurally supporting concrete wall 34 may not necessarily be required.
  • the concrete wall has a specific function in those instances where the inner tank is used for storage or processing of a fluid which is not characterized as cold - a fluid which is warm and/or subjected to a pressure. Also in such cases the cooling pipes may be used in order to control the temperature of the ambient rock formation.
  • the tank comprises in any case an inner fluid tight tank made of prestressed concrete, for example as described above.
  • the inner tank comprises a base, a vertical wall of concrete and preferably an upper top.
  • a footing is constructed whereupon the foundation of the tank is constructed.
  • a vertical wall structure 24 is then concreted, preferably by means of slipforming or jumpforming.
  • the first stage in this process is to erect the formwork for the inner structurally supporting element on said foundation, whereupon an inner structurally supporting element 24 is reinforced and concreted.
  • the fluid tight barrier 26, arranged on the exterior of said inner structurally supporting element 24 is installed whereupon the outer structurally supporting element 25 is reinforced and concreted.
  • the lower part of the wall is erected on a foundation, the lower part of which comprises a base plate 27 of steel, an inner and outer steel plate 28,29 extending along the inner and outer circumference of the wall and fixed by means of welding with the horizontal base plate 27. Further, the lower end of the intermediate thin plated fluid tight membrane 26 in the form of steel plates are fixed by welding to said horizontal base plate whereupon this part of the wall is reinforced an concreted.
  • both the inner and the outer structural supporting wall elements 24,25 are concreted by means of slipforming or jumpforming.
  • the inner structurally supporting wall element 24 is concreted at least partly up to a level prior to starting the process of installing the intermediate fluid tight barrier 26, whereupon the intermediate fluid tight barrier 26 is installed at least partly up to a level prior to starting the process of reinforcing and concreting the outer structurally supporting wall element 25.
  • the intermediate fluid tight barrier 26 may according to an embodiment be formed of thin steel plates in the form of long sheets, delivered on spools. Said sheets are wound in a helical pattern around the exterior of the inner structurally supporting wall element, adjacent edges of the sheets being welded together to form a tight barrier.
  • the start of the wounding and welding process of the steel sheets may start when concreting of the inner supporting wall elements has reached a certain height. Since it is expected that the welding process will require longer time that the slipforming process, it is convenient to postpone the start of slipforming or jumpforming of the outer structural supporting wall element until the welding process of the steel sheets more or less is completed. It should be appreciated that any stop in such concreting process should be avoided, since such stop would require a stop-joint .
  • the structurally supporting elements of the inner wall is made of reinforced concrete. It should be appreciated, however, that that said portions may be made of a different material, e.g. in the form of a load supporting wooden structure.
  • the tank may have a different cross sectional shape than the circular shape shown and described in connection with the drawings.
  • Concrete as referred to in this description may comprise reinforced (conventional non-prestressed) concrete, prestressed and/or posttensioned concrete. Also multi- axially prestressed concrete is included in this definition.
  • a cylindrical tank for storage of cryogenic fluid is shown. It should be appreciated, however, that the tank may be used for storage of other types of fluids, such as environmentally detrimental fluids to be prevented from escaping to the environment, fluids exposed to pressure and/or fluids subjected to high temperatures.
  • the invention is not limited to tanks having a cylindrical shape.
  • the tank may as such have any suitable shape.
  • the tank may not necessarily only be used for storage of fluids.
  • a tank according to the present invention may also be used as a room for implementing processes and/or carrying out reactions.
  • the joint between the vertical part of the fluid tight wall element and the corresponding base plate may have any suitable shape preventing formation of cracks or rupture in the joint.
  • the fluid tight wall element 26 may according to the described embodiment be made of Ni-steel. It should be noted, however, that such material may be of any suitable type. It is of importance, however, that that the choice of material is such that the material is both ductile and fluid tight and made of a material which may withstand the fluid to be stored in the tank.
  • the need for insulation depends on the intended use and the temperature of the fluid to be stored and/or the ambient temperature.
  • the embodiment discloses a tank having an inner and outer wall element 24,25 made of concrete. It should be noted that at least one of said two wall elements may be formed by a different material, such as e.g. wood.
  • the inner tank 11 may have any suitable shape and may be constructed in any suitable way without deviating from the inventive concept.
  • Glycol may be a suitable coolant circulating in the cooling pipes 17.
  • Wooden girders form the foundation for the inner tank

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de réservoir destiné au stockage de fluides dans une caverne située dans une formation rocheuse. Des tuyaux spiralés (17) servant à faire circuler un caloporteur sont montés sur la surface de la formation rocheuse dans la caverne. Les tuyaux spiralés (17) sont recouverts d'une couche de gunite (18). La surface de gunite est nivelée à l'aide d'une couche de béton (19) servant de support à une barrière étanche aux fluides (33). Un mur de béton armé (34) servant de support de structure est construit à l'extérieur de la barrière étanche aux fluides (33). La présente invention concerne également un procédé servant à former une barrière étanche aux fluides sur la surface d'une formation rocheuse dans une caverne. Ce procédé consiste à faire circuler le caloporteur à proximité de la caverne pour abaisser par voie artificielle la température dans la formation rocheuse. A cette fin, des tuyaux spiralés servant à faire circuler un caloporteur sont installés sur la surface de la formation rocheuse. Ensuite, la formation rocheuse et les tuyaux spiralés (17) sont recouverts d'une couche de gunite et le caloporteur est mis en mouvement dans les tuyaux spiralés (17) pour former une barrière étanche aux fluides sous forme de bouchon de glace.
PCT/NO2003/000189 2002-06-25 2003-06-10 Systeme de reservoir destine au stockage de fluides dans une caverne rocheuse et procede de construction d'une barriere etanche aux fluides a la surface de la formation rocheuse dans une caverne WO2004001281A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003258889A AU2003258889A1 (en) 2002-06-25 2003-06-10 Tank system for storage of fluids in a rock cavern and method for constructing a fluid tight barrier on the surface of rock formation in a cavern

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20023078A NO316798B1 (no) 2002-06-25 2002-06-25 Tank i fjellrom, samt fremgangsmate for a etablere en fuktsperre ved overflaten av en fjellvegg i et fjellrom
NO20023078 2002-06-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004001281A1 true WO2004001281A1 (fr) 2003-12-31

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PCT/NO2003/000189 WO2004001281A1 (fr) 2002-06-25 2003-06-10 Systeme de reservoir destine au stockage de fluides dans une caverne rocheuse et procede de construction d'une barriere etanche aux fluides a la surface de la formation rocheuse dans une caverne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003258889A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO316798B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004001281A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2466965A (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-21 Cappelen Skovholt As Liquefied gas storage tank with curved sidewall

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3292377A (en) * 1964-04-09 1966-12-20 Conch Int Methane Ltd In-ground storage facility with footing sections and method of installing the same
GB1341892A (en) * 1970-05-20 1973-12-25 Preload Eng Co Dryogenic storage structure
DE2518733A1 (de) * 1975-04-26 1976-11-04 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Unterirdischer lagerbehaelter
JPS55135300A (en) * 1979-04-10 1980-10-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Control of freezing round underground tank
JPH0337500A (ja) * 1989-06-30 1991-02-18 Shimizu Corp 高圧気体貯蔵用岩盤タンク

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3292377A (en) * 1964-04-09 1966-12-20 Conch Int Methane Ltd In-ground storage facility with footing sections and method of installing the same
GB1341892A (en) * 1970-05-20 1973-12-25 Preload Eng Co Dryogenic storage structure
DE2518733A1 (de) * 1975-04-26 1976-11-04 Hochtief Ag Hoch Tiefbauten Unterirdischer lagerbehaelter
JPS55135300A (en) * 1979-04-10 1980-10-21 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Control of freezing round underground tank
JPH0337500A (ja) * 1989-06-30 1991-02-18 Shimizu Corp 高圧気体貯蔵用岩盤タンク

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 151, no. 74 2 May 1991 (1991-05-02) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 50, no. 2 9 January 1981 (1981-01-09) *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2466965A (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-21 Cappelen Skovholt As Liquefied gas storage tank with curved sidewall
US8857650B2 (en) 2009-01-15 2014-10-14 Iglo Contractors As Cryogenic liquid storage tank

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003258889A1 (en) 2004-01-06
NO20023078D0 (no) 2002-06-25
NO316798B1 (no) 2004-05-10
NO20023078L (no) 2003-12-29

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