WO2003105817A1 - Nouvelle composition parenterale a base de propofol - Google Patents

Nouvelle composition parenterale a base de propofol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003105817A1
WO2003105817A1 PCT/KR2003/000820 KR0300820W WO03105817A1 WO 2003105817 A1 WO2003105817 A1 WO 2003105817A1 KR 0300820 W KR0300820 W KR 0300820W WO 03105817 A1 WO03105817 A1 WO 03105817A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
propofol
oil
injection
parenteral composition
electrokinetic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2003/000820
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English (en)
Inventor
Jong-Woo Park
Sang-Cheol Chi
Eun-Seok Park
Kyu-Hyun Lee
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Fdl, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR10-2002-0024058A external-priority patent/KR100459025B1/ko
Application filed by Fdl, Inc. filed Critical Fdl, Inc.
Priority to AU2003222491A priority Critical patent/AU2003222491A1/en
Publication of WO2003105817A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003105817A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
    • A61K31/05—Phenols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/24—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/44—Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/08—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing oxygen, e.g. ethers, acetals, ketones, quinones, aldehydes, peroxides
    • A61K47/10—Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
    • A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
    • A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel parenteral composition comprising propofol.
  • Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a parenteral anesthetic having hypnotic properties and can be used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and sedation. Its onset time for reaction and recovery from anesthesia is fast, since it easily passes through the blood brain barrier due to its high lipophilicity and therefore acts quickly on the central nervous system.
  • Propofol is poorly soluble in water and is formulated as a lipid emulsion.
  • Some attempts to reduce pain on injection of propofol include: 1) addition of local anesthetic agent such as lidocaine or prolicaine to the propofol emulsion; 2) administration of propofol via antecubital fossa vein; 3) administration of propofol at low temperature, for example, 4 ° C ; and 4) pre-medication of alfentanyl, thiopental, or metoclopamide.
  • local anesthetic agent such as lidocaine or prolicaine
  • the physicochemical stability of lipid emulsion depends on the electrical characteristics of the surface of oil globules. It has been reported that oil globules of lipid emulsion have negative charge owing to anionic surfactants like lecithin surrounding them. The electrostatic repulsive forces between oil globules due to the charge contribute to the stability of lipid emulsion (Washington, C, Int. J. Pharm., 54, 191-197, 1989; Washington, C, Int. J. Pharm., 87, 167-174, 1992; Washington, C., Int. J. Pharm., 66, 1-21, 1990).
  • lidocaine which may be divalent cationic in water when added to propofol emulsion, can neutralize the anionic charge on the surface of oil globules. This may reduce the electrostatic repulsive forces of oil globules. This can be easily quantified using zeta potential, which is the potential at the shear plane of oil globules. When the zeta potential of propofol emulsion is decreased, oil globules may coalesce to form larger globules, and eventually, phase separation occurs (Lilley, E.M.M., Anaesthesia, 51, 815-818, 1996; Maska, Y., Anesth. Analog., 90, 989-992, 2000).
  • lidocaine When a small amount of lidocaine is admixed to propofol emulsion or when the propofol emulsion is injected to a patient immediately after lidocaine is admixed, the globule size of propofol emulsion may not yet be significantly increased. To reduce the pain on injection, a large amount of lidocaine is necessary, up to 30 mg, and occasionally 40 mg or 50 mg, based on 200 mg of propofol, depending on injection site, injection rate, administration situation, size of cannula, race, and patient condition (Gajraj, N. ., J. Clin. Anesth., 8, 575-577, 1996; Ho, C.-M., J. Clin. Anesth., 11, 296-300, 1999). Also, sometimes more than a few hours may pass before the admixed propofol and lidocaine is injected to a patient due to the injection schedule in a hospital.
  • the present invention provides a novel parenteral composition comprising propofol and the electrokinetic stabilizer to maintain the physicochemical stability of propofol injection even when a large amount of lidocaine is added or a relatively long time elapses until the admixed lidocaine and propofol emulsion is injected.
  • the present invention provides a novel parenteral composition comprising propofol and electrokinetic stabilizer.
  • the electrokinetic stabilizers are compounds or a mixture of compounds that, by their presence in colloidal systems, resist changes in electrokinetic properties upon the addition of small quantities of additives that disturb the electrokinetic balance of colloidal systems.
  • the composition of this invention comprises propofol, water-immiscible solvent, anionic surfactant, tonicity agent, electrokinetic stabilizer, and water.
  • Colloidal systems such as emulsion and suspension, have been commonly used as delivery systems for some drugs. Such colloidal systems are used after the drug is put into a dispersed phase (solid or liquid) and dispersed or suspended in a dispersion medium. The stability of the colloidal system is affected by the characteristics of the interface between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium.
  • Electrostatic force can be expressed as zeta potential with a negative or positive value. Electrostatic repulsive forces become larger as the absolute value of the zeta potential increases.
  • the colloidal system is sometimes used clinically after some additives are added to it.
  • these additives can disturb the electrokinetic balance of the system and consequently render the system unstable.
  • Multivalent substances in particular, change the electrokinetic characteristics of the interface since they bind directly to the globule surface, chemically or electrically. This commonly decreases zeta potential and eventually induces charge reversal when a large amount of multivalent substances are added.
  • zeta potential oil globules begin to coalesce.
  • the zeta potential at this point is called critical zeta potential. It depends on the composition of the colloidal system and the characteristics of the additives.
  • the composition of the present invention comprises: 1.0 to 5.0% by weight of propofol, 1.0 to 30.0% by weight of water-immiscible solvent, 0.2 to 2.0% by weight of anionic surfactant, 0.1 to 3.0% by weight of tonicity agent, 0.005 to 5.0% by weight of electrokinetic stabilizer, and water.
  • the electrokinetic stabilizer is present at 0.005 to 5.0% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight.
  • the electrokinetic stabilizer is pharmaceutically acceptable and injectable. It is selected from the group consisting of a basic amino acid such as lysine, arginine, or histidine; a basic compound or a salt thereof such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tromethamine, or sodium phosphate; or a mixture of thereof. Water-immiscible solvent is also present from 1.0 to 30.0% by weight.
  • This solvent is selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil such as soybean oil, safflower oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, castor oil, or olive oil; an ester of a medium chain fatty acid, an ester of a long chain fatty acid, or a mixture thereof.
  • the present invention contains anionic surfactant in 0.2 to 2.0% by weight.
  • the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a phospholipid such as egg lecithin or soybean lecithin; its derivatives such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin, cardiolipin, sulfatide, or phosphatidic acid; or a mixture thereof.
  • the present invention contains a tonicity agent in 0.1 to 3.0% by weight and is selected from glycerin, mannitol, sucrose or a mixture thereof.
  • composition of the present invention may comprise nonionic surfactant selected from polysorbate, poloxamer, sorbitan fatty acid esters or a mixture thereof.
  • nonionic surfactant selected from polysorbate, poloxamer, sorbitan fatty acid esters or a mixture thereof.
  • Conventional propofol emulsions comprising water-immiscible solvent, anionic surfactant, tonicity agent, and water have zeta potential that ranges from about -50 to about -30 mV, pH of 6.0 to about 8.5, and maximum globule diameter (D99.99) of less than 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • oil globules do not tend to coalesce because of their electrostatic repulsive forces surrounded by anionic surfactant such as lecithin.
  • Lidocaine a cationic compound, added to the propofol emulsion decreases the negatively charged surface of oil globules in propofol emulsion.
  • the zeta potential of the emulsion passes the critical zeta potential and 0 mV (point of zero charge). Eventually, this would induce slight charge reversal.
  • the pH of the system would also change to 5.5-6.0.
  • the decreased repulsive forces between oil globules in the emulsion result in relative increase of attractive forces, which in turn increases the maximum diameter of globules (D99.99) to 3-tens ⁇ m.
  • the globule size of the emulsion also increases as time elapses after the admixing of lidocaine to the propofol emulsion, which could consequently result in phase separation. These preparations may cause severe and fatal side effects to the patient such as pulmonary embolism.
  • composition of the present invention comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable electrokinetic stabilizer that maintains the maximum diameter of globules below the injectable criteria.
  • This electrokinetic stabilizer keeps the balance between the attractive force and the repulsive force of oil globules by preventing the interaction of lidocaine with oil globules in propofol emulsion.
  • the oil globules in propofol emulsion retain the clinically acceptable maximum globule size by maintaining the absolute value of zeta potential at higher than critical zeta potential and by keeping its pH above 6.0, even though the amount of lidocaine used was more than 50 mg which is the clinically acceptable maximum amount for 200 mg of propofol, or even when a relatively long time has elapsed since the admixing of lidocaine and propofol emulsion.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable and injectable additives like as antioxidant, buffer, and bacteriostatic agent can be added to the composition, if necessary.
  • the composition of the present invention is used for intravenous administration.
  • Example 1 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.05% (w/v) lysine propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g lysine 0.15 g water for injection to 300 ml 1) Preparation of oil phase
  • Example 2 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.2% (w/v) lysine propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g lysine 0.6 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1-1).
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 0.6 g of lysine was used.
  • Example 3 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.2% (w/v) arginine propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g arginine 0.6 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1 -1). 2) Preparation of aqueous phase
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 0.6 g of arginine was used.
  • Example 4 The preparation of propofol injection containing 0.2% (w/v) histidine propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g histidine 0.6 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1-1).
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 0.6 g of histidine was used.
  • Example 3 Preparation of propofol injection Propofol injection was prepared as in Example 1 -3).
  • Example 5 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.1% (w/v) diethanolamine propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g diethanolamine 0.3 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1-1).
  • Example 6 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.1% (w/v) sodium carbonate propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g sodium carbonate 0.03 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1-1).
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 0.03 g of sodium carbonate was used.
  • Example 7 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.5% (w/v) tromethamine propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g tromethamine 1.5 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 1.5 g of tromethamine was used.
  • Comparative Example 1 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.2% (w/v) glutamic acid propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g glutamic acid 0.6 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1 -1).
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1 -2), except that 0.6 g of glutamic acid was used.
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1-1).
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 0.6 g of aspartic acid was used.
  • Comparative Example 3 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.2% (w/v) sodium citrate propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g sodium citrate 0.6 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1-1).
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 0.6 g of sodium citrate was used.
  • Comparative Example 4 Preparation of propofol injection containing 0.5% (w/v) isoleucine propofol 3.0 g soybean oil 30.0 g lecithin 3.6 g glycerin 6.75 g isoleucine 1.5 g water for injection to 300 ml
  • Oil phase was prepared as in Example 1-1).
  • Aqueous phase was prepared as in Example 1-2), except that 1.5 g of isoleucine was used.
  • Test Example 1 Change in zeta potential when lidocaine was added to the propofol injection
  • zeta potential was observed after 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg of lidocaine (based on 200 mg of propofol) were added to the propofol injection formulated in Examples 1-6, Comparative Examples 1-4, and the commercial product DIPRIVAN ® (AstraZeneca, UK). Zeta potential was measured using AcoustoSizer (Colloidal Dynamics Inc., Australia). Before measurement, the apparatus was calibrated using the standard solution. Then 200 ml of propofol emulsion containing 10 mg/ml of propofol was poured into the sample container of the apparatus, and each corresponding amount of lidocaine was added at the scheduled interval and mixed thoroughly by concentration titration method. The sample was passed through the measuring cell and zeta potential was measured. Table 1 shows the zeta potential measurements obtained. ⁇ TABLE 1> (Unit: mV)
  • Example 5 -71.1 -65.0 -59.3 -54.8 -50.8 -47.4
  • Test Example 2 Change of pH when lidocaine was added to the propofol injection The change of pH in the propofol injection was observed after 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg of lidocaine (based on 200 mg of propofol) were added to the injection in Examples 1-7, the Comparative Examples 1-4, and DIPRIVAN ® . Table 2 presents the pH measurements obtained.
  • Amount of lidocaine added (mg; based on 200 mg/20 ml of propofol)
  • the size of oil globules was measured 6 hours after 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg of lidocaine (based on 200 mg of propofol) were added to the propofol injection of Examples 1-7, Comparative Examples 1-4, and DIPRIVAN ® .
  • the globule size was measured with a laser diffraction technique (MasterSizer X, Malvern Instrument Ltd., Malvern, UK) using a 45 mm -focused lens, which has a measuring range of a 0.1-80.0 ⁇ m and MSX15 flow cell system.
  • the background was also measured, with de-ionized water used as the dispersant.
  • the prepared samples were added to the dispersant in the system at suitable concentrations, ranging from 10 to 30% obscuration.
  • the globule size distribution was measured by a polydisperse analysis mode and calculated by 2NAD as a presentation mode.
  • the maximum diameter of globule (D99.99) was obtained from the measurement.
  • Table 3 shows the maximum globule diameter (D99.99).
  • DIPRIVAN ® 0.96 3.05 2.88 51.76 79.92 79.92 The globule size of propofol injection of Examples 1-7 did not exceed 3.5 ⁇ m, even though up to 50 mg of lidocaine was added.
  • the globule sizes of Comparative Examples 1-4 and of DIPRIVAN ® were increased significantly even when only a small amount of lidocaine was added. Therefore, the maximum globule diameter (D99.99) of the present invention was maintained at less than 5.0 ⁇ m compared to Comparative Examples and DIPRIVAN ® even 6 hours after a large amount of lidocaine was added.
  • composition of the propofol injection presented in this invention can be used safely for the intravenous injection of propofol since the oil globule size is maintained at less than the clinically acceptable maximum diameter even when a large but clinically acceptable amount of lidocaine is admixed or when a relatively long time elapses after the admixing.
  • the pain on injection of propofol can be reduced.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une nouvelle composition parentérale à base de propofol et de stabilisateur électrocinétique. Ce stabilisateur électrocinétique entretient le potentiel zêta de l'injection de propofol à une valeur supérieure à celle du potentiel zêta critique utilisé comme valeur absolue. Ce stabilisateur électrocinétique de qualité pharmaceutique est injectable. Il est choisi dans un groupe constitué d'un acide aminé basique tel que la lysine, l'arginine ou l'histidine, d'un composé basique ou un sel tel que la monoéthanolamine, la diéthanolamine, le carbonate de sodium, le bicarbonate de sodium, la trométhamine ou le phosphate de sodium, ou certains de leurs mélanges. Bien qu'une grande quantité de lidocaïne soit ajoutée à l'injection de propofol de l'invention pour atténuer la douleur à l'injection du propofol, ou qu'une durée assez longue se soit écoulée après leur mélange, la composition de propofol de l'invention conserve une bonne stabilité physico-chimique, ce qui fait qu'elle convient particulièrement comme anesthésique indolore, efficace et inoffensif, sans effets secondaires tels que l'embolie pulmonaire.
PCT/KR2003/000820 2002-05-02 2003-04-22 Nouvelle composition parenterale a base de propofol WO2003105817A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003222491A AU2003222491A1 (en) 2002-05-02 2003-04-22 Novel parenteral composition comprising propofol

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2002-0024058A KR100459025B1 (ko) 2002-05-02 2002-05-02 프로포폴을 함유하는 신규한 주사제용 조성물
KR10-2002-0024058 2002-05-02
US10/295,863 2002-11-18
US10/295,863 US20030207946A1 (en) 2002-05-02 2002-11-18 Novel parenteral composition comprising propofol

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11992483B2 (en) 2021-03-31 2024-05-28 Cali Biosciences Us, Llc Emulsions for local anesthetics

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000023050A1 (fr) * 1998-10-22 2000-04-27 American Home Products Corporation Composition a base de propofol contenant du pentetate
WO2000056364A1 (fr) * 1999-03-24 2000-09-28 American Home Products Corporation Formulation de propofol contenant de la tromethamine
WO2000059471A1 (fr) * 1999-04-05 2000-10-12 Baxter International, Inc. Formulations du propofol presentant des caracteristiques microbiologiques renforcees
US6150423A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-11-21 Phoenix Scientific, Inc. Propofol-based anesthetic and method of making same
WO2001087289A2 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-22 Astrazeneca Ab Gestion de choc septique

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6150423A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-11-21 Phoenix Scientific, Inc. Propofol-based anesthetic and method of making same
WO2000023050A1 (fr) * 1998-10-22 2000-04-27 American Home Products Corporation Composition a base de propofol contenant du pentetate
WO2000056364A1 (fr) * 1999-03-24 2000-09-28 American Home Products Corporation Formulation de propofol contenant de la tromethamine
WO2000059471A1 (fr) * 1999-04-05 2000-10-12 Baxter International, Inc. Formulations du propofol presentant des caracteristiques microbiologiques renforcees
WO2001087289A2 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-22 Astrazeneca Ab Gestion de choc septique

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11992483B2 (en) 2021-03-31 2024-05-28 Cali Biosciences Us, Llc Emulsions for local anesthetics

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