WO2003104321A1 - フッ素ゴム組成物並びにこれを用いたフッ素ゴム加硫成形品及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
フッ素ゴム組成物並びにこれを用いたフッ素ゴム加硫成形品及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003104321A1 WO2003104321A1 PCT/JP2002/005738 JP0205738W WO03104321A1 WO 2003104321 A1 WO2003104321 A1 WO 2003104321A1 JP 0205738 W JP0205738 W JP 0205738W WO 03104321 A1 WO03104321 A1 WO 03104321A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluororubber
- weight
- parts
- polyol
- vulcanized
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/13—Phenols; Phenolates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2217—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of magnesium
- C08K2003/222—Magnesia, i.e. magnesium oxide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluororubber composition, a fluororubber vulcanized molded product using the same, and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a fluororubber composition which can be vulcanized with a polyol, a fluororubber vulcanized molded product using the same, for example, used as a grommet or a seal packing for an automobile gas sensor, and a method for producing the same.
- gas sensors such as oxygen sensors for automobiles
- a high temperature environment of about 240 to 300 ° C
- a large heat load is applied to their seals.
- a conventional fluororubber rubber has been used as a molding material for the sealing portion used in such a high-temperature environment.
- perfluoroether-based fluororubber examples include Kalretz® manufactured by Dupont 'Dauerlastomer'.
- Calrell has extremely excellent properties in terms of heat resistance.
- Calreglass has poor compression set resistance, and its price is very high, so it can be said that it is a versatile material as an automotive seal material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fluororubber composition which can be vulcanized with a polyol using a general-purpose fluororubber, and which can be used even in a high-temperature environment using the same.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a vulcanized fluoro rubber molded product used as a seal packing or the like and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors have conducted various studies to achieve the above object, and found that a fluororubber composition that can be vulcanized with a polyol using a general-purpose fluorine rubber was prepared in the presence of a polyol-based vulcanizing agent. After the vulcanization molding, when the temperature was increased stepwise at a temperature in the range of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C., it was found that the above object was achieved, and the present invention was accomplished.
- the polyol vulcanizable fluororubber composition of the present invention comprises fluororubber 100 It contains 6 to 15 parts by weight of magnesium oxide, 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of a hydrotalcite compound, and 20 to 55 parts by weight of a mixture of thermal black and bituminous coal filler.
- fluororubber general-purpose fluororubber can be used, but vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropene copolymer rubber is preferably used. The reason is that it is inexpensive among fluororubbers and has good compression set resistance.
- Magnesium oxide is blended in an amount of 6 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of fluororubber. If the magnesium oxide is less than 6 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fluororubber, the compression cracking resistance is deteriorated, and if it exceeds 15 parts by weight, the compression set is deteriorated.
- the magnesium oxide is more preferably 8 to 12 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fluororubber.
- High Dorotarusai preparative such compounds are solid solution of magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide, the general formula is represented by Mg 0. 7 A1 0. 5 0 Mr i 5.
- Specific examples are Almizer-1 (registered trademark), Almizer-1 (registered trademark) 2, DHT-4A (registered trademark) 2, Kiyoward (registered trademark) 2000, etc. (Made by a stock company).
- the talcite compound 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of the talcite compound is added to 100 parts by weight of the fluororubber. If the amount of the hydrotalcite compound is less than 0.5 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the fluororubber, the compression set tends to deteriorate, and if it exceeds 5 parts by weight, the compression cracking resistance is increased. Is worsened, and scorch is generated during vulcanization.
- the hydrotalcite compound is more preferably 1 to 3 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fluororubber.
- the mixture of thermal black and bituminous coal filler is blended in 20 to 55 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of fluoro rubber. If the mixture of the thermal black and the bituminous coal filler is less than 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the fluororubber, the compression cracking resistance is deteriorated, and if it exceeds 55 parts by weight, the compression resistance is permanent. This is because the strainability deteriorates, and the hardness increases, so that the product formability also deteriorates.
- the mixture of thermal black and bituminous coal filter is 30 to 50 weight parts per 100 weight parts of fluoro rubber. Is more preferred.
- the mixed weight ratio of the thermal black to the bituminous coal filter is preferably 10/90 to 9010. If the mixing weight ratio of thermal black and bituminous coal filler is out of the range of 10/90 to 900, deterioration of compression set and deterioration of compression cracking due to reduction in strength will be observed. Because.
- the mixing weight ratio of the thermal black to the bituminous coal filter is more preferably 30 to 70 to 30.
- the fluororubber composition is kneaded using, for example, a mixer, an in-mix, a van-mixer, an open mouth, and the like.
- the fluorororubber vulcanized molded article of the present invention is obtained by vulcanizing and molding the fluororubber composition in the presence of a polyol vulcanizing agent, at a temperature of 100 ° C; It is formed by applying a stepwise heating process at a temperature.
- a polyol-based vulcanizing agent is mixed with the fluororubber composition.
- Polyol vulcanizing agents include 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane [bisphenol A] and 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) perfluoropropane [bisphenol AF ] Etc. can be used. These vulcanizing agents are more preferably blended in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fluororubber.
- the mixture is dispensed into a sheet, or formed into a predetermined shape by using an extruder or the like, and then, using a compression press, an injection molding machine, or the like.
- the vulcanization molding is performed at 150 to 230 ° C. for about 1 to 30 minutes. In this way, vulcanization molding is performed into a target molded product, for example, a grommet, a seal packing, or the like.
- a stepwise heating process (secondary vulcanization) is performed.
- Such a stepwise heating process involves gradually generating the gas generated during the heating process (secondary vulcanization), which causes minute cracks and the like in the vulcanized product. This is to prevent compression cracking resistance from deteriorating.
- the stepwise heating process can be performed, for example, in an air oven.
- the gradual heating process must be performed at a temperature within the range of 100 to 300 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 100 ° C., the effect of the heat treatment is not produced. Conversely, if the temperature exceeds 300 ° C., thermal decomposition of the polymer occurs, which is not preferable.
- the gradual heating process refers to a stepwise heating process in which a desired temperature is maintained for a predetermined time, and then the temperature is increased and then maintained again at another desired temperature for a predetermined time.
- this stepwise heating process include, for example, 125 ° C for 2 hours, 160 ° C for 2 hours, 200 ° C for 6 hours, 260 ° C for 5 hours, and 300 ° C for 2 hours. Temperature rise characteristics such as time correspond.
- the number of times of holding at a desired temperature, the holding temperature, and the holding time can be arbitrarily set.
- the initial holding temperature is less than 250 ° C, and it is held at least once at each temperature range of 100-150 ° C, 150-250 ° C, 250-300 ° C, and once Is preferably maintained for 1 to 24 hours.
- the fluorororubber vulcanized molded article of the present invention produced by the above-mentioned production method of the present invention can be used as a grommet for a sensor and a seal packing for a sensor which can be used in a high temperature environment of 240 to 300 ° C.
- Blended was obtained.
- the fluorine rubber (Daiel (registered trademark) G-717) used was a polyol-based vulcanizing agent, It is contained in an amount of 1 to 5 parts by weight based on 00 parts by weight.
- the vulcanizing agent-added fluororubber composition 1a (containing a polyol-based vulcanizing agent) is formed into a sheet, and the sheet (150 mm x 15 Omm x 2 mm) is pressed at 190 ° C for 5 minutes using a press. ) Was vulcanized to obtain a primary vulcanized sheet 1b.
- the vulcanizing agent-added fluororubber composition la (polyol-containing vulcanizing agent-containing) is formed into a sheet, and is pressed with a pressure press at 190 for 5 minutes under 0-ring (wire diameter 3). (4 mm, inner diameter 25 mm) was vulcanized to obtain a primary vulcanized 0 ring 1c.
- a vulcanizing agent was used at 190 ° C for 5 minutes using a mold to make a sample that was a cylinder with an outer diameter of 10 mm and a length of 11 mm and four holes with an inner diameter of 1 mm.
- a cylinder of the added fluororubber composition 1a (containing a polyol-based vulcanizing agent) (4 holes with an outer diameter of 1 Omm, a length of 11 mm, and an inner diameter of 1 mm) is vulcanized and molded. 1 d of primary vulcanized cylinder was obtained.
- Example 2 2 hours at 125 ° C, 2 hours at 160 ° C, 6 hours at 200 ° C, 5 hours at 260 ° C, 2 hours at 300 ° C
- the same operation as in Example 1 was repeated except that the temperature was raised to 2 hours at ° C, and the fluorine rubber vulcanized molded articles 2B (sheet), 2C (0 ring), and 2D (column) of the present invention were obtained. Were obtained.
- Comparative Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was repeated except that the vulcanizing aid for fluororubber (Carbit, manufactured by Omi Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was replaced with 0 parts by weight. R1B (sheet), R 1C (0 ring), and R 1D (column) were obtained. (Comparative Example 2)
- Example 1 was repeated except that 2 parts by weight of the hydrotanolecite compound was replaced by 0 parts by weight and a vulcanization aid for fluororubber (manufactured by Omi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Calvit) was replaced by 2 parts by weight. The same operation was repeated to obtain fluororubber vulcanized molded products R3B (sheet), R3C (0 ring), and R3D (column) as comparative examples.
- a vulcanization aid for fluororubber manufactured by Omi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Calvit
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was repeated except that 2 parts by weight of the hydrotalcite compound was changed to 0 parts by weight, and the fluororubber vulcanized molded articles R 4 B (sheet) and R 4 C (0 ring) were used as comparative examples. ),: R4D (cylindrical object) was obtained respectively.
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was repeated, except that 8 parts by weight of magnesium oxide was replaced by 0 parts by weight and 2 parts by weight of the hydrotalcite compound was replaced by 8 parts by weight.
- R5B sheet
- R5C (0 ring)
- R5D column
- vulcanized molded products 1B, 2B, R1B to R5B were tested for their normal physical properties in accordance with ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 37 and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 7619.
- vulcanized molded products 1C, 2C, R1C; ⁇ R5C, and vulcanized molded products 1D, 2D, R10 ⁇ 150 The test was performed.
- the compression set test was performed on the 0-ring of the vulcanized molded product 1 C, 2 C, R 1 C to R 5 C which was left at 280 ° C. for 24 hours and compressed by 25%.
- vulcanized molded products 1D, 2D, R1D to R5D were left in an oven at 280 ° C for 24 hours while being compressed to an outer diameter of 8 mm. evaluated.
- Table 1 shows the test results.
- Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Compounded Fluoro Rubber 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Ingredient Magnesium Magnesium 8 3 3 8 8-Hydrosulfite Compounds 2 2-'--1 8 Thermal black 15 15 35 15 15 15 15 Bituminous coal filler 18 18 1 18 18 18 Vulcanization aid for fluoro rubber 6 6 2.
- Comparative Example 1 (vulcanized molded article R1D), which is a basic blend of general-purpose fluororubber, is significantly inferior in compression cracking resistance to Example 1 (vulcanized molded article 1D).
- Comparative Example 2 (cured molded article R 2 C) and Comparative Example 5 (cured molded article R 5 C) have less compression set resistance than Example 1 (cured molded article 1 C). The crackability was remarkably inferior (vulcanized molded product 1D, vulcanized molded product R2D, vulcanized molded product R5D).
- Comparative Example 3 (vulcanized molded article R3D) and Comparative Example 4 (vulcanized molded article R 4D), which have excellent compression cracking resistance, as in Example 1 (vulcanized molded article 1D)
- the distortion value was poor (vulcanized molded product 1 C, vulcanized molded product R 3 C, vulcanized molded product R 4 C).
- a vulcanized molded product excellent in pressure-resistant compression set and compression cracking resistance under a high-temperature environment can be obtained by using a general-purpose fluororubber. It is possible to manufacture at low cost what can be used as grommet seal packings for gas sensors in a high temperature environment.
- the fluororubber composition of the present invention can be vulcanized with a polyol. Further, the fluororubber vulcanized molded article of the present invention can be used even in a high-temperature environment, and is suitable for use as, for example, a grommet or a seal packing of an automobile gas sensor.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/005738 WO2003104321A1 (ja) | 2002-06-10 | 2002-06-10 | フッ素ゴム組成物並びにこれを用いたフッ素ゴム加硫成形品及びその製造方法 |
US10/517,200 US20050256233A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2002-06-10 | Fluororubber composition, and cured fluororubber formed article using the same and method for producing thereof |
EP02738647A EP1518898A4 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2002-06-10 | FLUORESCENT RUBBER COMPOSITION AND ARTICLE COMPRISING VULCANIZED FLUORINATED RUBBER USING IT AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME |
JP2004511386A JP3997359B2 (ja) | 2002-06-10 | 2002-06-10 | フッ素ゴム加硫成形品及びその製造方法 |
US11/507,577 US20060287417A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2006-08-22 | Fluororubber composition, cured fluororubber formed article using the same and method for producing thereof |
US11/979,344 US20080176975A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2007-11-01 | Fluororubber composition, cured fluororubber formed article using the same and method for producing thereof |
US12/635,202 US20100093892A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2009-12-10 | Fluororubber composition, cured fluororubber formed article using the same and method for producing thereof |
US12/979,063 US20110092618A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2010-12-27 | Fluororubber composition, cured fluororubber formed article using the same and method for producing thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/005738 WO2003104321A1 (ja) | 2002-06-10 | 2002-06-10 | フッ素ゴム組成物並びにこれを用いたフッ素ゴム加硫成形品及びその製造方法 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/507,577 Continuation US20060287417A1 (en) | 2002-06-10 | 2006-08-22 | Fluororubber composition, cured fluororubber formed article using the same and method for producing thereof |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003104321A1 true WO2003104321A1 (ja) | 2003-12-18 |
Family
ID=29727332
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2002/005738 WO2003104321A1 (ja) | 2002-06-10 | 2002-06-10 | フッ素ゴム組成物並びにこれを用いたフッ素ゴム加硫成形品及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (5) | US20050256233A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1518898A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3997359B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003104321A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006120818A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | Nok Corporation | ポリオール架橋可能なフッ素ゴム組成物 |
US20090263603A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2009-10-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd | Fluorine-containing elastomer composition and molded article comprising the same |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006005364A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2006-01-19 | 3M Espe Ag | Dental composition containing unsaturated halogenated aryl alkyl ether components |
DE102010043448B4 (de) | 2009-11-09 | 2019-12-19 | Leibniz-Institut Für Polymerforschung Dresden E.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elastomeren |
JP6132552B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 | 2017-05-24 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ベルト材 |
WO2012026556A1 (ja) | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-01 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 複雑形状フッ素ゴム成形体 |
WO2012026557A1 (ja) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-01 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | シール材 |
CN103080217B (zh) | 2010-08-25 | 2015-10-14 | 大金工业株式会社 | 氟橡胶组合物 |
WO2012026549A1 (ja) | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-01 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | ホース |
JP5720689B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 | 2015-05-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | フッ素ゴム組成物 |
Citations (4)
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JPH0782449A (ja) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-28 | Nok Corp | ポリオ−ル加硫系フッ素ゴム組成物 |
JPH07224201A (ja) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-08-22 | Nippon Mektron Ltd | 含フッ素共重合体組成物 |
JPH1134226A (ja) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-02-09 | Nok Corp | フッ素ゴムコート金属板 |
JP2001192482A (ja) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-07-17 | Nok Corp | フッ素ゴム加硫成形品の製造法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
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JPH07196881A (ja) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-08-01 | E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co | 含フッ素系エラストマー加硫組成物 |
JP2000053835A (ja) * | 1998-08-07 | 2000-02-22 | Nippon Mektron Ltd | 加硫性フッ素ゴム組成物 |
US6344512B1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-02-05 | J. M. Clipper, Inc. | Latex elastomer based oil seals and process thereof |
-
2002
- 2002-06-10 JP JP2004511386A patent/JP3997359B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-06-10 EP EP02738647A patent/EP1518898A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-06-10 US US10/517,200 patent/US20050256233A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-06-10 WO PCT/JP2002/005738 patent/WO2003104321A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-08-22 US US11/507,577 patent/US20060287417A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2007
- 2007-11-01 US US11/979,344 patent/US20080176975A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-12-10 US US12/635,202 patent/US20100093892A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2010
- 2010-12-27 US US12/979,063 patent/US20110092618A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0782449A (ja) * | 1993-09-17 | 1995-03-28 | Nok Corp | ポリオ−ル加硫系フッ素ゴム組成物 |
JPH07224201A (ja) * | 1994-02-08 | 1995-08-22 | Nippon Mektron Ltd | 含フッ素共重合体組成物 |
JPH1134226A (ja) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-02-09 | Nok Corp | フッ素ゴムコート金属板 |
JP2001192482A (ja) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-07-17 | Nok Corp | フッ素ゴム加硫成形品の製造法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1518898A4 * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2006120818A1 (ja) * | 2005-05-11 | 2006-11-16 | Nok Corporation | ポリオール架橋可能なフッ素ゴム組成物 |
KR100854943B1 (ko) * | 2005-05-11 | 2008-08-29 | 에누오케 가부시키가이샤 | 폴리올 가교 가능한 불소 고무 조성물 |
US7816454B2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2010-10-19 | Nok Corporation | Polyol-crosslinkable fluoro-rubber composition |
US20090263603A1 (en) * | 2006-05-19 | 2009-10-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd | Fluorine-containing elastomer composition and molded article comprising the same |
JP2013064157A (ja) * | 2006-05-19 | 2013-04-11 | Daikin Industries Ltd | 含フッ素エラストマー組成物および該組成物からなる成形品 |
JP5218048B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-19 | 2013-06-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 含フッ素エラストマー組成物および該組成物からなる成形品 |
US8822002B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2014-09-02 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Fluorine-containing elastomer composition and molded article comprising the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20110092618A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
EP1518898A1 (en) | 2005-03-30 |
JP3997359B2 (ja) | 2007-10-24 |
EP1518898A4 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
US20100093892A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
JPWO2003104321A1 (ja) | 2005-10-06 |
US20080176975A1 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
US20050256233A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US20060287417A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
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