WO2003102582A1 - Procede de detection d'une biopuce de reagine biochimique - Google Patents
Procede de detection d'une biopuce de reagine biochimique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003102582A1 WO2003102582A1 PCT/JP2003/006791 JP0306791W WO03102582A1 WO 2003102582 A1 WO2003102582 A1 WO 2003102582A1 JP 0306791 W JP0306791 W JP 0306791W WO 03102582 A1 WO03102582 A1 WO 03102582A1
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- biochip
- nucleic acid
- label
- probe nucleic
- detecting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
- C12Q1/6837—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase using probe arrays or probe chips
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in a method for detecting a biochemical sample using a nanochip, and by causing a probe nucleic acid arranged on a substrate to have a loop structure such that the open end side faces the substrate side, for example, to obtain a target DNA. Only when RNA or RNA is present, hybridization occurs, and the loop structure is eliminated and extended, so that it is possible to modify any label only to the hybridized target complex (biochemical reactant). (3) The accuracy of the hybridization and label modification itself is inherently high, and this can be used as an electrical, electromagnetic, electro-optical or electro-magnetic optical change to achieve highly accurate detection of biochemical samples. It relates to a method for detecting a chemical reactant and a biochip. Background art
- the basic principle of gene detection utilizes the fact that DNA forms a complementary double helix structure. Since A (adenine) and T (thymine) and C (cytosine) and G (guanine) form a pair, for example, to detect a gene having the DNA sequence of AGGTTAC (5 ' ⁇ 3'), use a probe If the target gene is present in the sampled sample gene, the AGGTTAC sequence binds to the probe DNA sequence by DNA hybridization. Since the DNA has a double helix structure, the target DNA can be easily selected by detecting it.
- sample DNA (sampled gene DNA) is modified with a fluorescent label, and probe DNA and the DNA hybrid
- a fluorescence method is known, which performs a daizesing operation to detect DNA having a double helix structure, that is, a DNA that emits a fluorescent signal.
- Fluorescent labels include fluorescent dyes themselves, chromosomes directly stained with fluorescent dyes, ionic fluorescent substances modified into carbohydrates cut from glycoproteins and glycolipids, or proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, cells, etc. Labeling that emits fluorescence by various methods and substances, such as tagging with a fluorescent dye, has been proposed.
- RNA and nucleic acid-like structures are assumed for the biochemical specimens to be detected, including the above-described DNA.
- DNA, RNA structures and PNA structures having the required base sequence that function as probes are arranged on a required substrate such as a glass substrate, and formed into chips. It is necessary to perform a hybridization operation with a biochemical sample using the biochip as a basic unit, and to reliably detect the complex (biochemical reactant) between the target probe and the biochemical sample that has completed the hybridization. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the problem of the method for detecting a biochemical sample using the biochip, and can simplify the detection process with good reproducibility, without requiring excessive skill for a measurer, and can be used for hybridization and labeling.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting a biochemical reactant and a biochip, which can improve the accuracy of each treatment and efficiency in the modification step of, and finally improve the detection accuracy of a target sample.
- the inventors of the present invention have proposed a method for hybridizing a biochemical sample to a probe in a biochip in which many probes are arranged on a substrate such as glass. After examining in detail how to make the probe and how to modify the label such as a fluorescent label on the probe,
- the probe that has not been hybridized is also modified, making detection by the label impossible.
- the target sample is detected by detecting the label on the sample side after hybridization, and the target is detected by a non-specific method during rehybridization due to differences in setting conditions and the skill of the practitioner. The detection accuracy fluctuates and decreases due to adsorption,
- the probe When the probe is a structure similar to RNA and nucleic acid, the probe has a stronger binding force to the biochemical sample than when the probe is a DNA structure, and a large number of probes are arranged on the substrate. It has been found that there are problems such as the possibility of adsorption to substances other than the target substance and hybridization and the increase in noise, which lowers the detection accuracy of the target biochemical sample. To achieve this, we focused on the need to provide a new basic structure capable of fundamentally improving the detection accuracy in a biochip in which many such probes are arranged.
- the present inventors have developed a new basic structure capable of improving detection accuracy in a biochip in which a large number of probes are arranged on a substrate, that is, a configuration in which a probe on a substrate can hybridize only with a target biochemical sample.
- the inventors conclude that if only the hybridized probe extends outside the other unhybridized probe, the label can be modified only at its tip, and that the probe biochemistry If the main site that complementarily binds to the sample enters the probe where it is sequenced, it cannot hybridize easily, but it can selectively and reliably hybridize only with the target biochemical sample.
- the inventors have set forth the configuration of a biochip in which probes having such a loop structure are arranged on a substrate, in a biochemical sample detection operation, as described above, using a biochemical sample whose label has been modified as described above.
- the probe that has hybridized that is, only the probe that has hybridized by eliminating the loop structure, has its tip, etc. It is possible to modify the label at the required location, and the accuracy of each step is improved at the time of hybridization and at the time of label modification, thereby significantly improving the detection accuracy of the target sample. We did not require the practitioner's skills in each process for improvement, so we found that the operation for detecting biochemical samples was relatively easy.
- the configuration of the biochip according to the present invention allows selective modification of the label only to the hybridized probe or specimen.
- Another label can be modified using the label initially provided as a target, and multiple labels can be formed.
- various label detection methods can be used, i.e., provided on hybridized biochemical reactants.
- a method that detects and identifies at least one of electrical, magnetic, and optical changes in the presence or absence of a label to be detected can be used, and the most appropriate label and detection method can be used according to the properties of the biochemical sample to be detected. We have found that we can do this and completed this invention.
- the present inventors previously modified the label on the probe provided with the loop structure, and performed the above-mentioned electrical, magnetic, optical or combination measurement thereof before the hybridization operation, It is possible to quantitatively grasp the state of the probes arranged on the electrodes of the biochip, that is, the state of the probe on each electrode before performing various operations, etc., and after the hybridization operation, Furthermore, after the label is modified on the probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical sample that has formed a double strand, when the label is detected as a target to evaluate the presence or absence of a complex that has formed a double strand, Since the state of the probe on each electrode can be quantitatively grasped, comparison and evaluation can be performed with higher accuracy.
- Probes can be modified by using different types of labels to be modified after recognition and hybridization operations, or by using multiple means that change the detection method by changing the form such as size and color even if they are the same type.
- the present inventors have found that it is also possible to correct the detection result according to the state (the amount of the probe on the electrode) with higher accuracy, and completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a probe nucleic acid which is arranged on one or more electrodes provided on the surface of a substrate or an analog thereof and forms a loop structure, or a probe nucleic acid which has been previously modified in addition to the above-mentioned structure and which has been previously labeled.
- Electrical, magnetic This is a method for detecting a biochemical reactant, comprising a step of detecting and identifying by at least one of a target and an optical change.
- the present invention provides a probe nucleic acid which is arranged on one or more electrodes provided on the surface of a substrate or the like and forms a loop structure.
- a biochip having the probe nucleic acid thus obtained, hybridizing a biochemical sample to the probe nucleic acid, and forming a double-stranded probe during or after the hybridization.
- a method for detecting a biochemical reactant comprising a step of detecting and identifying by at least one of the changes.
- the present invention provides a probe nucleic acid which is arranged on one or more electrodes provided on the surface of a substrate or an analog thereof and forms a loop structure.
- a biochip having a nucleic acid and hybridizing a biochemical sample in which the probe nucleic acid of the chip has been modified with a label in advance, the probe nucleic acid having a double strand and the biochemical sample
- a method for detecting a biochemical reactant comprising a step of detecting and identifying a complex by at least one of electrical, magnetic, and optical changes on the surface of the biochip.
- the present invention relates to a probe nucleic acid which is arranged on one or more electrodes provided on the surface of a substrate or an analog thereof and forms a loop structure, or a probe in which the label is modified in addition to the above-mentioned structure.
- a biochip having a nucleic acid and the hybridization of a biochemical sample in which the probe nucleic acid of the chip has been modified with a label in advance, the probe nucleic acid or the double-stranded probe nucleic acid formed during or after the execution of the hybridization A step of modifying the label on the biochemical specimen or on both, by applying a complex of a double-stranded nucleic acid and the biochemical specimen to the electrical
- a method for detecting a biochemical reactant comprising a step of detecting and identifying by at least one of magnetic and optical changes.
- the present invention also provides the method for detecting a biochemical reactant described above,
- measurements are taken to capture at least one electrical, magnetic or optical change on the surface of the biochip before or after the hybridization operation or before and after the label modification operation. How to compare the
- the method of modifying the label on the probe nucleic acid or biochemical sample is to modify the second label with the target of the pre-modified first label.
- T ⁇ is a multi-step modification with three or more steps.
- the method of modifying the label on the probe nucleic acid and / or the biochemical specimen involves modifying the first label first, and then modifying the second label to target it.
- -Labels are selected from metal fine particles (including Si), magnetic particles, ceramic fine particles, fluorescent labels, fluorescent dyes, dyes, chemical chromophores, and semiconductors.- Detected as electrical changes on the surface of the biochip 'The method of identification is the change in current or voltage or resistance at the biochip or electrode, At least one of the capacitance changes on the chip surface is detected.
- -Detection and identification as electrical or magnetic changes on the surface of the biochip at least one of a change in current value, voltage value or resistance value of the biochip or electrode, and a change in capacitance on the biochip surface
- a label modified on the double-stranded complex itself or the probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical specimen of the complex, or a signal from the complex and the label For example, a method having a step of magnetically detecting and identifying magnetism,
- the method of detecting and identifying electrical and optical changes on the surface of the biochip is at least one of a change in current, voltage, or resistance at the biochip or electrode, and a change in capacitance on the biochip surface.
- a label modified on the double-stranded complex itself or the probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical specimen of the complex, or a signal from the complex and the label For example, a method having a step of optically detecting and identifying light and the like,
- the method of detecting and discriminating electrical, magnetic, and optical changes on the surface of the biochip • The method of detecting and discriminating electrical, magnetic, and optical changes on the surface of the biochip.
- the current or voltage value of the biochip or electrode is a change in the resistance or the change in the capacitance of the biochip surface. Detecting and identifying at least one of them, and a label modified on the double-stranded complex itself, the probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical specimen of the complex, or both, A step of magnetically detecting and discriminating a signal, and a step of detecting a label modified on the double-stranded complex itself or the probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical specimen of the complex, or a signal from the complex and the label. A method having a step of optically detecting and identifying is also proposed.
- the present invention provides a probe nucleic acid comprising a substrate having at least one electrode formed on a surface thereof or the like, and a probe nucleic acid having one end fixed and arranged on the electrode surface. And a probe chip, wherein each probe nucleic acid has a loop structure.
- the arranged probe nucleic acid is
- a biochip characterized by having a loop structure such that a pre-modified label is located on the substrate or the like side is also proposed.
- a configuration in which the label is selected from metal fine particles (including Si), magnetic particles, ceramic fine particles, fluorescent labels, fluorescent dyes, dyes, chemical color formers, and semiconductors;
- the substrate or the like material is glass or semiconductor silicon
- FIG. 1A and FIG. IB are explanatory diagrams showing the loop structure of the probe DNA according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are explanatory diagrams showing the loop structure of the probe RNA according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing another loop structure of the probe RNA according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing another loop structure of the probe RNA according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing another loop structure of the probe RNA according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6A is a perspective explanatory view showing a configuration of a biochip and a transfer arm according to the present invention
- FIG. 6B is a perspective explanatory view showing a configuration of a transfer arm and a scanning device.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective explanatory view showing another configuration of the biochip according to the present invention.
- a biochemical specimen refers to DNA, RNA and a nucleic acid-like structure
- a nucleic acid-like structure is a structure similar to a literal nucleic acid, for example, a molecule obtained by modifying a ribose or phosphodiester site of a nucleic acid.
- PNA peptide nucleic acids
- the probe nucleic acid includes DNA, RNA, and a nucleic acid-like structure.
- the nucleic acid-like structure is the same as described above.
- a loop structure is formed during or after the manufacturing process and is arranged on a substrate, or a loop structure is formed when arranged on a substrate, Either a configuration in which a loop structure is formed after arrangement on the substrate, or any configuration and formation method can be adopted.
- a base sequence forming a pair capable of forming a complementary double strand at two required positions of the probe DNA for example, the positions A and T are formed in advance in the figure, and the substrate is, as shown in FIG.
- the probe DNA 10 is arranged in 1 and the base sequence near the fixed end 11 side and the base sequence near the open end 12 side form a binding portion 13 to form a loop 14, thereby releasing the probe DNA 10. It can be configured to be located on the substrate 1 or near the upper surface of the substrate 1.
- the probe DNA 10 arranged on the substrate 1 has a binding site between the base sequence near the fixed end 11 side and the base sequence near the open end side of the probe DNA 10 as in Fig. 1A. 13 is formed to form a loop 14, so that the site where the marker 3 can be decorated, in the figure, the biotin group 2 provided at the open end is located on the substrate 1 or near the upper surface of the substrate 1. It is.
- 13 bonding sites can be formed at the distal end, the center, or the fixed end side to form various types of loop structures. Can be formed.
- a base sequence forming a pair with a base on the open end 22 side of the probe RNA 20 is arranged at the center of the probe RNA 20.
- the base sequence forming a pair is located at the center of the probe RNA 20, and the main site 25 that complementarily binds to the biochemical sample is more compared to the probe DNA 10 configuration example in FIG.
- a loop 24 is formed so as to face the substrate 1.
- the biotin group 2 provided at the open end 22 having the same configuration as that of FIG. 2A and capable of modifying the label is located above the substrate 1, and the label is similar to the example shown in FIG. 1B.
- the two portions of the biotin group that allows modification of the domain 3 are linked to the base sequence paired with the open end 22 of the probe RNA 20, that is, the central binding portion 23 and the loop 24.
- the gap X between the substrate 1 and the loop 24 is about the same as the size of the sign 3 or better. If it is narrow, the open end 22 and the biotin group 2 are not easily modified with the label 3 in any orientation on the substrate 1.
- the probe nucleic acid has a binding site forming a loop, for example, any two positions of the probe nucleic acid, such that the main site complementary to the biochemical sample is arranged in the loop. It is possible to appropriately provide a binding part such as a molecule capable of binding, such as a sequence of bases forming a pair, and the position of the binding part forming the loop. It is clear from the above description that the shape of the loop or the direction of the probe open end can also adopt a deviation configuration.
- FIG. 3 a configuration in which the distance between the open ends 22 is longer than the joint 23 so that the open end 22 provided with the biotin group 2 is closer to the substrate 1, as shown in FIG. 4, as in FIG. 3
- the distance between the open end 22 and the connection portion 23 is longer and the biotin group 2 faces the connection portion 23 side.
- FIG. 5 the same configuration as the example shown in FIG. A configuration in which 24 parts are made longer so as to be closer to the substrate 1 can be adopted.
- legs 26 are provided to position the binding part 23 at the center of the probe RNA 20 as compared with FIG.
- the sequence is not related to the main region 25 that complementarily binds to the sequence or loop 24 of the biochemical sample, so that it is not necessarily required to be a sequence of bases, etc.
- the connecting portion 23 is formed at the end of the leg 26 to form a loop 24 portion.
- the leg 26 is formed in a Y-shape, and the connecting portion 23 and the loop 24 portion are provided respectively.
- the probe nucleic acid has a loop structure such that the first label-modified site capable of modifying a plurality of second labels is located on the substrate or on the substrate side near the substrate.
- the gap between the substrate and the loop can be adopted, and the gap between the substrate and the loop is as small as or smaller than the outer diameter of the second sign, so that the second sign cannot easily pass through here and approach the first sign.
- the location where the above-mentioned connecting portion is provided may be appropriately set so as to provide a gap between the two.
- probe nucleic acids if the desired hybridization is possible with the desired biochemical sample, and if various loop structures can be formed as described above, both short and long chains can be used. Any base sequence configuration can be adopted You.
- the number of bases is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the base has a relatively long chain structure. It is desirable for improvement and reduction of noise at the time of detection, and the present invention can be applied even when the number of bases exceeds 100 or is about 1000.
- a pair of base sequences is provided at any two positions of a probe nucleic acid as a binding portion for forming a loop. Any molecule or structure can be used as long as it can be sequenced and can form a loop by pairing, such as the means used to modify the label, etc. .
- binding force at such a binding portion can be selected in consideration of the binding force with the sample (such as a sample).
- the probe nucleic acid according to the present invention is arranged on a required electrode and has the above-mentioned loop structure, and can be used only for a desired biochemical specimen in a predetermined hybridization operation. It becomes possible to form a main chain. In addition, since this loop is eliminated by forming a double strand, it is possible to modify only a probe that has formed a double strand by labeling.
- a substrate for forming a biochip or the like includes, in addition to a pure plate substrate, a substrate configuration using grooves or recesses formed by etching or the like to use required recesses or protrusions. Electrodes can be formed at required locations on those surfaces, such as a configuration in which protrusions such as pins are formed on a substrate or the like, a configuration using a surface such as a rod or a cube, etc., and the arrangement of probes and hybridization can be improved. If possible, various modes can be adopted according to the detection / identification method of the sign or the like to be adopted.
- a material such as a membrane for example, nitrocellulose
- a material such as a membrane for example, nitrocellulose
- Substrates of any material and configuration can be employed as long as they are possible.
- the surface roughness is preferably as flat as possible.
- borosilicate glass and the like can be used as a glass substrate which is easily available and handled, and a thicker one is easier to handle, but a biochip of any thickness can be used depending on the purpose.
- the method of washing and drying the substrate or the like includes washing with various solvents and washing in pure water, which are employed when manufacturing various devices of a semiconductor wafer.
- Known methods for washing and drying substrates such as ultrasonic washing, washing with various acid solutions, pure water washing, blow drying, and spin drying can be appropriately selected and combined.
- the electrode material can be formed on a required surface such as a substrate and the probe nucleic acid can be arranged on the electrode film
- any known electrode material can be used. It is also preferable to provide a noble metal electrode film of gold, platinum, silver, or the like, which can facilitate the arrangement.
- the method of forming the film is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a method used in a semiconductor device manufacturing process such as etching and film forming used in manufacturing the above-described required substrate.
- a method used in a semiconductor device manufacturing process such as etching and film forming used in manufacturing the above-described required substrate.
- a known vapor deposition method such as sputtering, ion plating, or CVD is preferable.
- an underlayer can be appropriately formed to improve the adhesion to the electrode film.
- means such as providing a Cr layer on a glass substrate or a quartz substrate or modifying the surface with a silane compound can be employed.
- the step of arranging probe nucleic acids on a required electrode surface such as a substrate is not particularly limited, and any known method can be employed. For example, after washing the electrode film with acid or pure water, Using a probe nucleic acid and a buffer, the nucleic acid can be sequenced in a saturated steam atmosphere.
- buffer solution for example, solution to the desired pH by blending a KH 2 P0 4 and K 2 HP0 4 may be employed.
- a solution in which a known chemical solution is selected and blended to obtain a required pH such as PBS, NaCl and Tris-HCl, or NaCl and Tris-HCl and EDTA, can be used.
- the step of arranging the probe nucleic acid on the substrate surface is as described in the above-described constitution of the substrate, constitution of the probe nucleic acid, and the arrangement method thereof.
- a loop structure is formed during the manufacturing process or after the manufacturing, and the probe is arranged on a substrate, a loop structure is formed when the probe is arranged on the substrate, or an array is formed on the substrate. It is possible to adopt a configuration in which a loop structure is formed later, or any configuration and formation method can be adopted.
- the step of hybridizing the biochemical sample to the probe nucleic acid forming the loop structure is not particularly limited, and any known method can be employed.
- the biochemical sample and the buffer solution can be used. Hybridization using Can be chilled.
- the buffer solution for example, a solution in which NaCl, Tris-HCl and EDTA are mixed and maintained at a required pH can be used.
- the step of modifying the label on the probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical sample that has formed a double strand during or after the hybridization is performed in the probe nucleic acid or biochemical sample where the double strand was formed literally.
- an intercalator that modifies the required label and selectively enters the junction between the two, which forms a double-stranded complex. Absent.
- an inter-collector or to use it together with the sign.
- the label may be a metal particle containing Si, a magnetic particle, a ceramic particle, a fluorescent label, a fluorescent dye, a dye, a chemical chromophore, a chromosome or a saccharide used for detecting a semiconductor or a biochemical sample.
- a metal particle containing Si a magnetic particle, a ceramic particle, a fluorescent label, a fluorescent dye, a dye, a chemical chromophore, a chromosome or a saccharide used for detecting a semiconductor or a biochemical sample.
- Those which can be modified to probe nucleic acids or biochemical specimens, such as chains, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and cells, and those which can be modified as long as they can be re-modified with the above-mentioned various labels, can be used.
- such a sign is not necessarily required to be electrically conductive as an electrical property, and the biochip of the present invention may have an electric change such as a current, a voltage, a resistance and a capacitance depending on the presence or absence of the sign.
- a label that can cause a magnetic change with or without the label together with an electrical change, or a label that can cause both an electrical change and an optical change with or without the label can be used.
- a shift configuration can be adopted for the marker.
- Metal particle labels include Si, Au, Al, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu,
- Fine particles of various metals such as Zn and Mo are used.
- the shape, particle size, and uniformity of the fine particles can be arbitrarily selected as appropriate.
- It can be deposited on the microparticle surface, 5Myupaiiota less, more preferably equal to or less than Iotamyupaiiota, in the range of several nm ⁇ several hundred nm Fine particles having a predetermined particle size uniform and industrially stable are preferred.
- Magnetic particle labels include iron oxide-based fine particles commonly used in applications such as magnetic powders, iron oxide pigments, and magnetic fluids, as well as carbon-based particles used as magnetic toners and magnetic inks, metal particles, and the like.
- Various magnetic materials are also available among the ceramic particles described below, and these can also be used.
- various compositions and composite particles such as oxides such as iron oxides and metal-based alloys, have been proposed. It is preferable because the diameter and shape are uniform and industrially stable.
- colored magnetic powders used as magnetic inks and magnetic toners have various magnetic properties, depending on the material, size and shape of the core magnetic powder, and the combination of the material, thickness, and number of films on the surface film. Because of its color and color tone, magnetic detection and optical detection can be performed simultaneously.
- any known form such as a spherical shape or a unique crystal, can be used for the labeling of the ceramic particles, but is preferably 5 ⁇ or less, more preferably ⁇ or less, because a film can be formed on the surface of the fine particles.
- nm ⁇ several hundred nm predetermined particle diameter range can be obtained in one and and industrially stable average Si0 2, Ti0 2, Zr0 2 , A1 2 0 3, ceramics particles such as MgO is preferred.
- any known form can be used for the fluorescent label, and chromosomes, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, cells, microparticles, and the like, which are tagged with a commercially available fluorescent dye, can be used by utilizing the properties of the label itself. As described later, it is possible to perform modification using an antigen-antibody reaction.
- fluorescence itself is not essential in the present invention, chromosomes, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and cells used for fluorescent labeling and the like can be used as they are.
- non-fluorescent dyes can be used as labels.
- a chemical chromophore modifies a substance involved in a chromogenic reaction as a label, and refers to a substance used in a method for producing a chemical colour, such as an enzymatic method, and for example, by preparing a site modified with a biotin derivative.
- a method of modifying the above-mentioned various labels into probe nucleic acids for example, the properties of particles themselves such as metal fine particles can be used, or an antigen-antibody reaction can be performed by modifying a known fluorescent label, for example. Any known method, such as modification by utilizing, can be employed. Further, modification is facilitated by using a solution form in which fine particles are uniformly dispersed like a neutral colloidal liquid.
- the probe nucleic acid may be modified with biotin at its end, and streptavidin-coated metal or ceramics or other fine particles may be labeled using the high binding ability of biotin-avidin. Further, by adding an IgG anti-protein substance to the end of the probe nucleic acid, it is possible to modify the protein-coated fine particles and the like by using an antigen-antibody reaction.
- the modification method may be any method as long as a required portion of the specimen can be appropriately labeled, and any of the above-mentioned known methods can be employed.
- any method such as the method described above can be employed.
- a method of detecting and identifying a complex of a probe nucleic acid having formed a double strand after hybridization and a biochemical specimen as an electrical change on the surface of a biochip substrate or the like is described in, for example, At least one of a change in a current value, a voltage value, or a resistance value applied to the surface of the substrate or the like, and a change in capacitance of the surface of the substrate or the like is detected, and the complex is identified based on the change before and after the hybridization.
- a biochip is divided into a plurality of detection spots (stages), and each spot has a required number of electrodes.
- a different probe nucleic acid forms a loop in each spot.
- the current I, voltage V, resistance R, capacitance C, etc. to be supplemented are detected to detect the presence or absence of complex formation between the probe nucleic acid and the biochemical sample on the probe electrode.
- Another probe electrode or sensor that can be detected is brought close to the surface of the biochip and the surface is scanned, and the current I value or voltage V value or resistance R value applied between the required electrodes before and after hybridization is measured.
- the capacitance C value it is possible to detect the presence or absence of complex formation due to nodding and interpretation.
- a complex of a probe nucleic acid and a biochemical sample which has formed a double strand after hybridization and which has been modified in advance or after hybridization with the probe nucleic acid or the biochemical sample or both.
- the method for detecting and identifying the complex having a label as an electrical, magnetic, optical, or electromagnetic, electro-optical, or electro-magnetic-optical change on the surface of a biochip substrate or the like is described in the above.
- Including detecting electrical changes associated with complex formation Needless to say, at least one of the required current I value or voltage V value or resistance R value and capacitance C value between the electrodes generated mainly due to the physical properties of the selected and used sign The presence or absence of the complex can be grasped as a change.
- the term “electromagnetic change” refers to the probe nucleic acid or the biochemical sample, or both, or the electric change due to a further modified label, and the complex itself and its probe nucleic acid or biochemical sample.
- the magnetism or the like of the mark provided on both is detected by magnetic detection means. Therefore, not only the magnetism or the like of the marker is detected by magnetic detection means, but also a voltage is applied between required electrodes or a magnetic field is applied to a biochip, and the complex or the marker or both are applied. It also means that a change in the electrical characteristics or the magnetic characteristics, or both, that has led to the detection of the change is detected by magnetic detection means.
- the electro-optical change means not only the above-described probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical sample or both, but also the electric change due to the further modified label, and the complex itself and the probe nucleic acid and / or biochemical sample or both.
- the signal from the provided sign is detected by optical detection means. Therefore, not only the optical characteristics of the label are detected by optical detection means, but also a voltage is applied between the required electrodes or a magnetic field is applied to the biochip, and the complex or the label or both are applied. It also means that the change in the electrical characteristics or optical characteristics that has led to the detection by the optical detection means is similarly detected.
- electro-magnetic change and electro-optical change can be considered as an electro-magnetic-optical change.
- magnetic fine particles having magnetism and emitting light at a specific wavelength can be used.
- the above-mentioned steps and the like are appropriately selected and combined, and the signal from the label provided on the complex and the probe nucleic acid of the complex and / or the biochemical sample or both is electrically used. It can be easily recognized as a target, magnetic or optical change.
- the means for performing the above-described electrical detection on the biochip substrate and at the same time, optically detecting and identifying various labels in close proximity to the substrate surface.
- light scattering, SPR spectroscopy, chemical coloring, fluorescence detection, microscopy, imaging, and visual inspection can be used.
- the light scattering method enables the detection of scattered light with a single laser beam by emitting light of a specific wavelength with the light reflected by the fine particles in the marking of metal particles or ceramic fine particles.
- a detection chip substrate provided with a gold thin film according to the present invention is mounted on a prism, and one light beam of He-Ne laser is incident on the back surface of the substrate from one side of the prism to the other side of the prism. By setting the conditions so that this is totally reflected, scattered light can be detected by the CCD camera that observes the detection chip substrate from above.
- SPR spectroscopy detects changes in the refractive index on the surface of a noble metal thin film.
- a gold electrode is formed on a glass substrate, probe nucleic acid is immobilized on the gold thin film electrode, and the probe nucleic acid is contained in the sample.
- the SPR angle incident angle at which the reflectance is minimized
- the shift corresponds to the amount of the hybridized target sample, quantitative analysis of the target sample becomes possible by SPR measurement.
- the signal can be amplified by modifying the label.
- a probe chip is arranged on the surface of a noble metal thin film on a substrate to produce a biochip, and during or after the execution of hybridization, the probe is modified with a label such as a noble metal colloid or metal particle, resulting in a terminal.
- a probe modified at the site of attachment to the label cannot attach the label at all if it has a loop (hairpin) structure, as described above.
- Basic detection accuracy is improved by selectively hybridizing with the target sample by the stereostructure.
- the label is selectively modified on the probe nucleic acid that has been eliminated, and the SPR angle is reduced by selectively modifying the label.
- the shift can be amplified and highly accurate detection is possible.
- the step of detecting the target sample that has formed a double strand after hybridization by SPR spectroscopy can be performed either in liquid or in air. Any known configuration can be adopted as the measurement system of the SPR method.
- the immunohistochemical staining method can be applied to the chemical coloring method. It is suitable for avidin with four binding sites and peroxidase (HRP), which is biotinylated at multiple sites.
- the complex (ABC) containing a large number of HRPs and partially leaving the avidin-binding site of avidin is formed, and the complex (ABC) and the biotin that has previously bound to the target antigen in the tissue It detects the target antigen by reacting with a conjugated antibody, and can be easily applied, for example, by preparing a site modified with biotin in the mouth.
- Known immunohistological staining methods such as the APR method can also be applied.
- various fluorescent dyes are attached to required sites of probe nucleic acid or label, or chromosomes, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, cells, fine particles, etc., which are retagged with the fluorescent dyes Using the properties of the label itself or as described above using the antigen-antibody reaction to modify probe nucleic acids and biochemical specimens.
- a fluorescence imaging detection system combining a microscope and a CCD camera, A detection method using a confocal microscope system and various optical devices and imaging devices has been proposed.
- a known detection method and device can be used according to conditions such as the type of the fluorescent label and the properties of the fluorescence itself. It is good to select appropriately.
- Non-fluorescent dyes can also be detected.
- Microscope observation methods include known detection systems for fluorescence and scattered light, such as imaging detection systems combining microscopes and CCD cameras, confocal microscope systems, metallurgical microscopes, and various other optical and imaging devices. Although detection methods used in combination have been proposed, they can be used as they are.
- the imaging processing method is to apply various known image processing such as enlargement, sharpening, coloring, etc. so that the image scanned by a camera or a microscope can be visually confirmed on a display, or to apply contrast, specific shape, and dimensions.
- a known image processing is performed in order to detect the particles in software.
- the biochip of the present invention can modify the particle label only to the probe nucleic acid and double-stranded probe nucleic acid formed by hybridization and the target sample.
- the aggregate of particles is visually observed to detect the presence or absence of the target analyte.
- the labels have unique colors and shapes as described above, and these are collectively visible, and the first label and the second label for detection are each a probe. Or, when provided on the specimen, they will be visually observed. Also, if the second marker is modified by targeting the first marker, both the first and second markers will be visible, but the first marker will not be visible. In that case, only the second sign will be visible.
- the probe nucleic acids formed in a loop structure on the biochip and arranged in advance are modified with a label in advance, so that the probe on each electrode before the hybridization operation or the like is performed.
- the label to be modified on this probe is not particularly limited, and may be any of the labels described above.
- the probe nucleic acid may be provided at an offset position of the loop structure of the probe nucleic acid, for example, at a site such as a loop portion or a leg portion shown in the drawing.
- the probe may be modified in any step of the biochip preparation process, such as modification at the same time as or after the array.
- modification at the same time as or after the array.
- the state of the probes arranged on each electrode of the biochip before the hybridization operation What is necessary is to be able to grasp quantitatively.
- a label that is previously modified on a probe nucleic acid of a biochip and a label that is modified on a biochemical specimen after a hybridization operation are magnetically combined. It is possible to use different types, such as a detectable label and an optically detectable label, so that the initial detection of the biochip can use the magnetic sensor to determine the amount of probe nucleic acid. After grasping and operating the hybridizer, the biochemical reactant can be detected using the scattered light intensity sensor.
- ceramic particle labels are used for the two types of labels.
- the same scattered light intensity can be obtained by changing the outer diameter of the particle, but the analysis resolution can be increased by using multiple types of irradiating light.
- the analysis resolution can be increased by using multiple types of irradiating light.
- the biochip according to the present invention in which the label is modified in advance, can accurately determine in advance the quantitative ratio of the probe nucleic acid immobilized on each electrode arranged on the chip as described above.
- the measurement results such as comparison and analysis based on the measurement signals from the biochemical samples on each electrode obtained by the above-mentioned various electrical, magnetic, and optical means performed after performing the operation are known.
- the quantitative detection of the biochemical reactant can be performed with extremely high accuracy.
- the state of the probes arranged on each electrode can be changed.
- a biochemical reactant having a double-stranded structure formed by modifying a fluorescent dye or a small magnetic particle at a site such as a loop portion and a leg portion of a probe nucleic acid has a relatively large particle size.
- probe nucleic acid is modified in advance with a label in order to determine the quantitative ratio of the probe nucleic acid on each electrode.
- Probe nuclei using a means to determine the exact change It goes without saying that it is possible to determine the acid ratio. If the probe nucleic acid is not modified in advance, the quantitative ratio before hybridization operation can be determined based on the electrical change, and after various operations such as hybridization and modification. It is also possible to collectively measure the ratio of probe nucleic acid by measuring electrical, magnetic, and optical changes.
- a rectangular silicon substrate and a glass substrate are used for the biochip, and they are stored in a not-shown carrying case for handling.
- the case is configured as an ordinary container with a lid to take in and out the biochip.
- a carrying case such as a DVD-RAM
- when the carrying case is inserted into a scanning device for detection only a built-in biochip is exposed from the outer case to the inside of the device. In other words, it is assumed that the handling is performed manually, and that semi-automation and full automation by machines are performed.
- the biochip 30 shown in FIG. 6A is taken out of the carrying case and is held by the transfer arm 32 for semi-automation, but here, the lead terminals 31a and 31b of the biochip 30 are shaped like the U-shaped transfer arm 32.
- a configuration is adopted in which the power supply terminal is inserted into the connection terminal in the holding portion 33 to allow conduction and hold the connection.
- the biochip 30 held in the groove of the U-shaped holding portion 33 of the transfer arm 32 shown in FIG. 6B is applied with a required voltage and current through the arm 32 in this dry state to apply a necessary voltage and current to each electrode of the chip. In such a state that the required probe nucleic acid is arranged, electrical measurements such as current and resistance can be performed.
- the lead terminals 31a and 31b are not shown in detail, here, a lead film of a required pattern is formed on the substrate surface, and the lead terminal 31a is a biochip on the opposite side of the terminal. Leads are read from a plurality of electrodes with probes arranged in half the area ⁇ of 30.Lead terminals 31b are arranged with probes in the remaining half area ⁇ . Lead from a plurality of electrodes.
- the surface of the biochip 30 is divided into a region ct and a region ⁇ in order to reliably compare required measurements before and after the hybridization.
- the electrodes and the required various probe nucleic acids are appropriately arranged in exactly the same pattern in both regions, and in region ⁇ , only the same portion is immersed in a buffer solution to hybridize with the required biochemical sample.
- the required modification of the label is performed, but the region ⁇ is not subjected to hybridization and the modification of the label is not performed, and the region ⁇ after the completion of the hybridization is washed and dried.
- the arm 32 By applying a required voltage and current through the arm 32 in a dry state in both regions, the current and resistance in each state of the region ⁇ before the hybridization and the region ⁇ after the hybridization are applied. Electrical measurements such as values can be made.
- the probe is inserted into the scanning device 40 while being held by the transfer arm 32, but inside the device, for example, an electrode that can be approached from the top with the probe nucleic acid on the surface of the biochip 30.
- Either an electrical, optical, or magnetic probe such as a probe, a CCD probe, or a magnetic head, or a combination of these is arranged.
- electrical, optical, and magnetic measurements before and after hybridization can be performed. By comparing the measurement results before and after hybridization, it is possible to easily detect the presence or absence of a complex between the probe and the biochemical sample that formed a double-stranded chain after hybridization, that is, the presence of a biochemical reactant. Can be.
- one main surface of the substrate is divided into two.However, in addition to dividing it into many parts, making both sides the same, dividing the area by providing slits, or forming a plurality of strips without dividing the area It is also possible to use a plate or a bar, and it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the region ⁇ is sealed with a lid, a container member, or the like at the time of hybridization.
- the region ⁇ is sealed with a lid, a container member, or the like at the time of hybridization.
- the same region can be used as a negative control, whereby the presence or absence of the complex can be easily detected in the above-described operation.
- a no-operation region, a negative control region, a region of known concentration, and a sample region for inspection can be set for the buffer solution.
- the biochip 50 shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by dividing the plate-shaped biochip 50 into four pieces by three slits to form stick-shaped chip areas 51 to 54, and each chip area 51 to 54 has the same electrode pattern. Is formed, and lead terminals 55a to 55d are provided at one end of the chip 50 to be connected to the electrode groups provided on the chip regions 51 to 54, respectively. The operation of arranging required probe nucleic acids on predetermined electrodes for the biochip 50 is repeated, and the same type of each probe nucleic acid is arranged on each chip region 51 to 54 under the same conditions.
- the chip area 51 is not immersed in one buffer solution, no operation area
- the chip area 52 is a negative control area immersed in the same buffer solution containing no biochemical sample
- the chip area 53 is a known concentration.
- the area of known concentration immersed in the same type of buffer solution containing the same biochemical specimen, and the chip area 54 serve as a sample area for the test, and at the same time, can be operated under the same conditions.
- the detection target was approximately 856 bp of DNA around the mutant gyrB gene of the Campylobacter jejuni 0-19 sera, and the central 60-base RNA that complementarily binds to the DNA at the center was identified.
- Produced as probe RNA For comparison, three types of DNA were used: 30-terminal DNA complementary to the DNA at the end, 30-base DNA at the center and 60-base DNA complementary to the DNA at the center. It was prepared as DNA. In addition, 30 bases were configured not to form a loop in the same chain, and 60 bases were configured to form a loop in the same chain.
- a glass substrate was used as a substrate for biochip production, and after ultrasonic cleaning in acetone, methanol, and ultrapure water, the surface was etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 seconds. After ultrasonic cleaning in acetone, methanol and ultrapure water, it was dried with nitrogen gas.
- a Cr layer having a thickness of about lnm was first provided on a glass substrate using a sputtering apparatus (ULVAC), and then an Au layer having a thickness of about 50nm was provided.
- the resist layer was removed, and an electric circuit having a configuration in which the Au film electrodes were arranged on the substrate in a required pattern and connected by Au film wires was provided.
- an insulating mask layer was provided on the circuit-battery portion of the Au film wire etc. except for the Au film electrode where the probe nucleic acid is to be arranged.
- the substrate was immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid for about 1 hour, and then washed with ultrapure water. Thereafter, the probe RNA, 3 of DNA 'end side in SH (thiol) groups, 5' pro portion RNA was qualified end side Piochin groups, DNA-D-BFR solution (KH 2 P0 4, K 2 HP0 4 , pH 7.0) was dropped on the substrate, allowed to stand in saturated steam for about 15 hours, and probe RNA and DNA were adhered onto the Au film electrode on the glass substrate to obtain a biochip according to the present invention.
- SH thiol
- DNA-D-BFR solution KH 2 P0 4, K 2 HP0 4 , pH 7.0
- the probe After performing hybridization using the DNA strand on the four types of spots of the probe of the present invention and the comparative probe, the probe was modified with avidin-coated fluorescent fine particles. After that, detection of hybridization, ie, fluorescence, was performed using an inverted fluorescence microscope and a CCD camera. Further, the same four kinds of probes were subjected to a fluorescent label modification treatment with avidin-coated fluorescent fine particles without performing the hybridization, and then the fluorescence was detected.
- probe DNA with 30 bases fluorescent emission is observed regardless of the presence or absence of hybridization with the target DNA, and the deviation can be observed.Since it does not have a loop structure, the fluorescent label can always be modified. That is, it was confirmed that the detection of the target DNA was difficult.
- the fluorescent label cannot be modified at all before hybridization with the target DNA, and strong fluorescence is observed only from the double-stranded probe after hybridization.
- the probe with 60 bases has a loop structure, and it is confirmed that only the hybridized probe can be modified with a label at the tip, and that the target DNA can be easily detected. did it.
- the biochip After the detection with the fluorescent label described above, the biochip is washed and dried, and then, as shown in FIG. 6, the biochip is set on a scanning device in which an electrode probe is mounted on a transfer arm, and the voltage, current, The capacitance was measured. This measurement result In the dry state before the hybridization and the modification of the fluorescent label, the voltage, current, and capacitance measured when the fluorescent label was modified without the hybridization were observed. did.
- the above-mentioned scanning device was equipped with an optical detector using the above-mentioned CCD camera, and it was hybridized by attaching it to a transfer arm and performing electrical measurement and optical detection of fluorescent labels at the same time. It was confirmed that quantitative detection of the probe could be performed more accurately.
- RNA was used as the detection target instead of the DNA of Example 1. That is, a gyrB gene (Campylobacter jejuni) was prepared by the RNA synthesis method using in vitro RNA, and purified RNA of about 800 bases was used.
- a gyrB gene Campylobacter jejuni
- a biochip according to the present invention was prepared by arranging the probe DNA on the same glass substrate as in Example 1 under the same conditions using a 60-base DNA that binds complementarily to the above-mentioned synthetic RNA at the center. did.
- the colloidal gold modification method adopted as a method of modifying knowledge is as follows.
- the biochip described above is washed with an R-BFR solution after hybridization, gently dried with nitrogen gas, and coated with avidin.
- the colloid (particle size: 10 nm, manufactured by SIGMA) was dropped and allowed to stand for 1 to 3 hours in saturated steam to modify it using the specific binding of biotin and avidin.
- the modification of the metal microparticles was carried out in the form of a colloidal solution of pH 7.4 using pre-avidin-coated Fe microparticles with an average particle size of about 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ in order to bind the 5 ′ end of the probe to the biotin-avidin. .
- Example 2 After hybridization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 using the above RNA strand, gold colloid modification or metal fine particle modification was performed, and then SPR measurement was performed. For comparison, at the same time, an H-BFR solution having no target RNA was allowed to react with probe DNA, modified with a label, and then subjected to SPR measurement. In the SPR measurement, the biochip was washed with an R-BFR solution, dried gently with nitrogen gas, and then immediately subjected to SPR measurement. The SPR measurement was performed using the imaging system.
- colloidal gold modification and metal particle modification can be selectively performed only on the probe DNA hybridized with the target RNA, and thus SPR angle shift amplification is possible, and the biochemical reaction by hybridization is possible. It was confirmed that the body could be detected. Furthermore, when streptavidin was modified in the same manner as in the above-mentioned colloidal gold modification, similarly, it was possible to selectively modify only the probe DNA hybridized with the target RNA.
- the biochip After detection by the above-described metal particle labeling as in Example 1, the biochip was washed and dried, and then set in a scanning device attached to a transfer arm and placed with an electrode probe as shown in Fig. 6. Then, the voltage, current, and capacitance were measured. This measurement result is used to measure the voltage, current, and capacitance when the metal particle label is modified without the hybridization in the dry state before the modification of the hybridization and the metal particle label. Observed in comparison with the results. As a result of performing an example in which the amount of target RNA was varied in the above-described operation for hybridization, the difference and the degree of electrical change due to the presence or absence of hybridization and the presence or absence of metal particle labeling were determined by SPR detection using metal labeling.
- the amount of shift in the SPR angle corresponds to the amount of the hybridized target sample, but it was confirmed that the shift in the SPR angle and the change in the electrical measurement showed the same tendency. It was confirmed that the biochip was capable of quantitatively detecting one part as an electrical change.
- Example 2 the probe DNA was modified in advance with avidin in order to bind the 5 ′ end of the probe modified with a biotin group and the silylation particles with a biotin-avidin instead of the gold or Fe fine particles described above.
- the procedure was carried out using coated silica particles to produce codidal silica at pH 7.4. Particle size of colloidal silica
- a detection chip is mounted on a prism, and a He-Ne laser beam is incident on one side of the prism on the back side of the substrate and is transmitted to the other side of the prism. Total reflection was performed and observed from the upper surface of the biochip.
- a CCD camera was used to detect the scattered light intensity.
- a modification treatment of the silica fine particle label coated with avidin was carried out without performing the hybridization. As a result, before the hybridization with the target RNA, no modification of the labeling of the force particles could be performed, and no scattered light could be observed.However, after the hybridization, the hybridization with the target RNA was performed. Strong scattered light was observed only from the probe DNA that was subjected to the experiment. In addition, it was possible to detect the target RNA in the same manner in the case of the particles of any size.
- Example 2 a biochip in which the surface area of FIG. 7 was divided was prepared as in Example 2, and the chip area 51 had no sample, was immersed in the same type of buffer solution as in Example 2, and The chip region 52 is subjected to hybridization in the same manner as in Example 2 using the buffer solution having a known amount of the sample, and the chip region 53 is formed of the buffer having a known amount of the sample.
- the hybridization was performed using the buffer solution to be tested, and hybridization was performed with the target RNA in the chip area 54, as in Example 2. After washing, drying and drying each area after the modification with the above-mentioned labeling method, before attaching to the transfer arm and placing the electrode probe and CCD camera as shown in Fig. 6. It is set in the scanning device, to measure voltage, current, capacitance with the detection of the scattered light intensity.
- Example 2 A biochip having the same configuration as in Example 1 except that the glass substrate was a silicon substrate was produced.
- the probe DNA was modified by a chemical coloring (enzyme) method based on the ABC method using an avidin-pyotin-peroxidase complex instead of the above-mentioned colloidal modification of gold or Fe particles. That is, the composite was dropped and left at room temperature for lhr. Thereafter, the plate was washed with TBS-T (Tris Buffered Saline with Tween 20), a tetramethylbenzine solution was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 to 15 minutes.
- TBS-T Tris Buffered Saline with Tween 20
- the target RNA was present, the color developed. When the target RNA was not present, no color was formed, and the target RNA could be clearly identified by visual observation. Also, using the same biochip, Instead, a dye coated with avidin was added dropwise, and time modification was performed at room temperature to 37 ° C in saturated steam. After that, the cells were washed with TBS and dried with nitrogen gas. When the target RNA was present, the cells were colored. However, when the target RNA was not present, the cells were not colored, and the target sample could be detected visually.
- the apparatus was set on a scanning device having an electrode probe mounted on a transfer arm, and the voltage, current, and capacitance were measured. This measurement result is compared with the measurement results of the voltage, current, and capacitance when the label is modified without hybridization in the dry state before the hybridization and the label modification are performed. By comparing, it is possible to capture the changes in the electric current and the electric current, and to complement the above-mentioned visual detection.
- a biochip was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the same gyrB gene (856 bp) as in Example 1 was used.
- the target sample was modified with silica particles having a particle size of 50 nm, and used at a known constant concentration in one buffer.
- the probe used was a DNA of 60 bases that complementarily binds to the above-mentioned gyrB gene, was configured to have a loop structure, and was previously modified with magnetic material fine particles.
- the biochip was provided with electrode portions a to f on the surface of the glass substrate in the same manner as in Example 1, and the probe DNA was fixed on each electrode in the same manner as in Example 1. After that, it was washed with R-BFR solution and dried gently with nitrogen gas.
- the relationship between the electrode area and the concentration of the buffer solution containing the probe DNA was optimized so that the amount immobilized at each electrode was as uniform as possible.
- the obtained biochip was mounted on a transfer arm, set on a scanning device equipped with a magnetic head probe, and the magnetism on the electrodes was measured.
- the results of “magnetism detection strength” in Table 1 were obtained.
- Magnetic detection intensity” is shown as a relative ratio with reference to electrode a.
- Example 2 the target sample was hybridized to a biochip, washed with an R-BFR solution, and dried gently with nitrogen gas.
- the biochip after the hybridization operation was subjected to the detection of the scattered light intensity in the same manner as in Example 3, and the result of “scattered light detection intensity” in Table 1 was obtained.
- the measurement results of the scattered light intensity on each electrode after the operation of hybridization in Table 1 were used.
- the ⁇ magnetic detection intensity '' in Table 1 was used to grasp the state of the probe on each electrode before the operation of hybridization.
- the results of “detection intensity after correction” in Table 1 were obtained. That is, the deviation of the detected value of the scattered light intensity was significantly reduced from 37.4 after the measurement to 6.04 after the correction by correcting the probe amount ratio.
- Electrode a 1 1.02 0.97 1.05 0.95 0.90 Scattered light detection intensity
- the configuration of a biochip in which probe nucleic acids having a loop structure are arranged on a substrate according to the present invention is that, in a detection operation of a biochemical sample, after performing hybridization with a biochemical sample, modification with a label is performed, It is possible to modify the label only on the hybridized probe and at the required location, and the accuracy of each step is improved during hybridization and label modification, and the detection accuracy of the target sample is significantly improved. .
- RNA when detecting DNA, the use of RNA as a probe makes DNA-RNA binding more stable than DNA-DNA binding, so that detection sensitivity is higher and more stable than when DNA is used as a probe. There is an advantage that the detection accuracy can be maintained.
- the biochip according to the present invention is characterized in that, in addition to the characteristic that hybridization of the target probe nucleic acid and the biochemical sample and the accuracy of the label modification itself are inherently high, the biochip is electrically connected as shown in Examples. It can be supplemented as a dynamic, electro-magnetic, electro-optical, or electro-magnetic-optical change, enabling highly accurate detection of biochemical samples and more quantitative detection.
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US10/516,553 US20050164200A1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-29 | Method for detecting biochemical reactant biochip |
EP03733182A EP1550870A1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-29 | Method for detecting biochemical reagin biochip |
AU2003241936A AU2003241936A1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-29 | Method for detecting biochemical reagin biochip |
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GB0701444D0 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2007-03-07 | Iti Scotland Ltd | Detecting analytes |
WO2009075774A2 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2009-06-18 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Glycosaminoglycan-coated particles and uses thereof |
JP6451632B2 (ja) * | 2013-08-21 | 2019-01-16 | 富士レビオ株式会社 | 異種核酸プローブを用いた修飾核酸塩基の測定方法およびキット |
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WO2001036682A2 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Clontech Laboratories, Inc. | Long oligonucleotide arrays |
WO2001051668A1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-07-19 | Immunivest Corporation | Ferrofluid based arrays |
JP2001242135A (ja) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-09-07 | Shigeori Takenaka | 遺伝子の検出用チップ、検出装置、並びに検出方法 |
JP2002090367A (ja) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-27 | Toshiba Corp | ヌクレオチド結合性の検出方法 |
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US5925517A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1999-07-20 | The Public Health Research Institute Of The City Of New York, Inc. | Detectably labeled dual conformation oligonucleotide probes, assays and kits |
US5990479A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-11-23 | Regents Of The University Of California | Organo Luminescent semiconductor nanocrystal probes for biological applications and process for making and using such probes |
US6290839B1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 2001-09-18 | Clinical Micro Sensors, Inc. | Systems for electrophoretic transport and detection of analytes |
US6312906B1 (en) * | 1999-01-15 | 2001-11-06 | Imperial College Innovations, Ltd. | Immobilized nucleic acid hybridization reagent and method |
-
2002
- 2002-05-31 JP JP2002159350A patent/JP4233807B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2003
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- 2003-05-29 WO PCT/JP2003/006791 patent/WO2003102582A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-05-29 EP EP03733182A patent/EP1550870A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2001242135A (ja) * | 1999-10-20 | 2001-09-07 | Shigeori Takenaka | 遺伝子の検出用チップ、検出装置、並びに検出方法 |
WO2001036682A2 (en) * | 1999-11-15 | 2001-05-25 | Clontech Laboratories, Inc. | Long oligonucleotide arrays |
WO2001051668A1 (en) * | 2000-01-13 | 2001-07-19 | Immunivest Corporation | Ferrofluid based arrays |
JP2002090367A (ja) * | 2000-09-14 | 2002-03-27 | Toshiba Corp | ヌクレオチド結合性の検出方法 |
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