WO2011142307A1 - 核酸分析デバイス、その製造法及び核酸分析装置 - Google Patents
核酸分析デバイス、その製造法及び核酸分析装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011142307A1 WO2011142307A1 PCT/JP2011/060637 JP2011060637W WO2011142307A1 WO 2011142307 A1 WO2011142307 A1 WO 2011142307A1 JP 2011060637 W JP2011060637 W JP 2011060637W WO 2011142307 A1 WO2011142307 A1 WO 2011142307A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
- C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6806—Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
- G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
- G01N21/554—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons detecting the surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured metals, e.g. localised surface plasmon resonance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/648—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54313—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being characterised by its particulate form
- G01N33/54346—Nanoparticles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
- G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid analysis device, a production method thereof, and a nucleic acid analysis apparatus using the device.
- a new technique for determining the base sequence of DNA or RNA has been developed.
- a cDNA fragment sample synthesized in advance by reverse transcription reaction from a DNA fragment or RNA sample for sequencing is prepared, and a dideoxy reaction is performed by a well-known Sanger method. After that, electrophoresis is performed, and the molecular weight separation development pattern is measured and analyzed.
- a DNA sequencer using this method is called a massively parallel sequencer.
- DNA elongation reactions using fluorescently labeled bases as substrates are performed in parallel at hundreds of thousands to millions of locations on the substrate.
- the fluorescence of the reacted base is detected, and the DNA base sequence is determined.
- the massively parallel sequencers are classified into a cluster system and a single molecule system. Each method will be described below.
- the cluster method analyzes a cluster which is a bundle of DNAs obtained by amplifying DNA.
- a microparticle is used as a medium carrying a DNA fragment, and PCR is performed on the microparticle to amplify a copy of DNA. Thereafter, the microparticles carrying the PCR-amplified DNA fragment are put in a plate having a large number of holes that match the size of the microparticles with the hole diameter, and read by the pyrosequencing method.
- Non-Patent Document 2 PCR is performed on microparticles using microparticles as a medium carrying DNA fragments. Thereafter, the fine particles are dispersed and fixed on the glass substrate, an enzyme reaction (ligation reaction) is performed on the glass substrate, a substrate with a fluorescent dye is incorporated, and fluorescence detection is performed to obtain sequence information of each fragment.
- enzyme reaction ligation reaction
- Non-Patent Document 3 a plate in which a large number of holes are formed is prepared in advance, and a method of arranging a nucleic acid synthase thereon is used to detect fluorescence while incorporating and extending a nucleotide with a fluorescent dye. Thus, the sequence information of each fragment is obtained.
- the cluster method analyzes a cluster that is a bundle of DNAs obtained by amplifying DNA, whereas the single molecule method directly analyzes DNA without amplifying DNA.
- a single molecule method that does not require an amplification process can save the process and the running cost.
- the base length that can be deciphered is limited by a phenomenon in which the timing of the sequence reaction is shifted between a plurality of amplified DNAs.
- dephasing does not occur in principle in the single molecule method, there is a possibility that the base length that can be deciphered can be greatly extended. To that end, hundreds of thousands of nucleic acid sample fragments are placed on the substrate one molecule at a time.
- the technique of fixing for every group is required.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above problems.
- the present invention includes a substrate, a plurality of bonding pads formed on the substrate, A thin film layer covering the substrate surface other than the bonding pad; One particulate adhered to each of the adhesive pads; Comprising one type of probe molecule fixed to the microparticle,
- the nucleic acid analyzing device wherein the fine particles and the bonding pad are bonded through a chemical bond, and the thin film layer suppresses nonspecific adsorption of the fine particles to the substrate surface. It is to provide.
- a metal thin film is formed on the substrate surface, Selectively etching the metal thin film to form a plurality of bonding pads; Introducing a linear molecular film that adsorbs to each bonding pad into each bonding pad, Fine particles are introduced into the linear molecular film, and bonded to each bonding pad through chemical bonds. Immobilizing probe molecules on the microparticles via chemical bonds;
- the present invention provides a method for producing a nucleic acid analysis device.
- the present invention forms a metal thin film on the substrate surface, Introducing a linear molecular film adsorbed on the metal thin film, Selectively etching the metal thin film and the linear molecular film to form a plurality of dummy bonding pads; Removing the dummy bonding pad to expose the linear molecular film to form a plurality of bonding pads having a metal thin film and the linear molecular film; Fine particles are bonded to the exposed linear molecular film via chemical bonds, Immobilizing probe molecules to the microparticles via chemical bonds,
- the present invention provides a method for producing a nucleic acid analysis device.
- the dummy bonding pad has the same shape as the actual bonding pad, and corresponds to an etching mask formed on the linear molecular film that binds the fine particles and the metal thin film when patterning the metal thin film.
- a thin film that suppresses nonspecific adsorption of the fine particles is formed on the etching mask (dummy bonding pad), but is removed together with the etching film before bonding the fine particles to the bonding pad. .
- the present invention provides a nucleic acid analysis device in which fine particles having probe molecules capable of capturing a nucleic acid to be detected are regularly fixed on a substrate; Means for supplying a nucleotide having a fluorescent dye and a nucleic acid sample to the nucleic acid analysis device; Means for irradiating the nucleic acid analysis device with light; A luminescence detecting means for measuring fluorescence of a fluorescent dye incorporated in a nucleic acid chain by a nucleic acid extension reaction caused by coexistence of the nucleotide, the nucleic acid synthase, and the nucleic acid sample on the nucleic acid analysis device; A plurality of bonding pads formed on the substrate; and A thin film layer covering the substrate surface other than the bonding pad; One particulate adhered to each of the adhesive pads; Comprising one type of probe molecule fixed to the microparticle, Provided is a nucleic acid analyzer in which the fine particles and the bonding pad are bonded through a chemical bond,
- the fine particles to be fixed to a large number of bonding pads of the nucleic acid analysis device can be reliably arranged in a desired arrangement, and as a result, nucleic acid analysis with high accuracy and reduced noise becomes possible.
- FIG. 1 The perspective view for demonstrating an example of a structure of the nucleic acid analysis device by the Example of this invention.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of a part of 1 Example of the nucleic acid analysis device shown in FIG.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure of a part of other Example of the nucleic acid analysis device shown in FIG.
- the schematic sectional drawing explaining an example of the relationship between the dimension of the bonding pad formed in the board
- substrate, and the diameter of the bead on the bonding pad The schematic sectional drawing explaining an example of the relationship between the dimension of the bonding pad formed in the board
- nucleic acid sample fragment can be immobilized one by one by specifically reacting one-to-one with a plurality of, particularly a large number of metal bonding pad patterns such as gold formed on a substrate.
- one-to-one means that the number of probe molecules is one-to-one because one or a plurality of molecules are used for each fine particle.
- a nucleic acid analysis device in which fine particles having probe molecules capable of capturing a nucleic acid to be detected are regularly fixed on a substrate, An effect of preventing non-specific adsorption of the fine particles on the substrate surface is provided with an adhesive pad at a fixed position of the fine particles on the substrate, and the fine particles and the adhesive pad are bonded through a chemical bond.
- a nucleic acid analysis device characterized in that a part of the bonding pad is exposed from the thin film layer, and the bonding pad other than the part is buried in the thin film layer. Is done. It is preferable that the bonding pads are regularly arranged on the substrate. A plurality of probe molecules may be fixed to one fine particle.
- the substrate Forming a thin film made of an organic polymer having an effect of preventing nonspecific adsorption of fine particles on the surface, a thin film made of an organic polymer having the same thickness as the bonding pad, and the size of the bonding pad for the fine particles
- a nucleic acid analyzing device in which microparticles having probe molecules capable of capturing a nucleic acid to be detected are regularly fixed on a substrate, wherein the microparticles are fixed on the substrate on the fixing position.
- a bonding pad wherein the fine particles and the bonding pad are bonded via a chemical bond, and a thin film layer having an effect of preventing nonspecific adsorption of the fine particles on the substrate surface;
- a nucleic acid analyzing device is provided in which a part of the pad for use is exposed from the thin film layer, and the bonding pad other than the part is buried in the thin film layer.
- one molecule or a plurality of molecules of the probe molecule may be fixed to the fine particle.
- these molecules are the same (one type).
- the probe molecule is a nucleic acid analysis device characterized in that it is a nucleic acid or a nucleic acid synthase.
- the nucleic acid analysis device is characterized in that the fine particles are made of a material selected from a semiconductor, a metal, an inorganic polymer, and an organic polymer.
- the bonding pad is preferably made of a material selected from gold, titanium, nickel, or aluminum. It is preferable that the apparent diameter of the bonding pad is not more than 1 times the apparent diameter of the fine particles.
- the substrate It is preferable that thousands to hundreds of thousands of bonding pads are regularly arranged on the substrate.
- a plurality of probe molecules can be immobilized on one fine particle. According to this aspect, it is easier to manage the number of probes and to manufacture a nucleic acid analysis device than to fix one probe molecule to one fine particle. It is preferable that the apparent diameter of the bonding pad is not more than 1 times the diameter of the fine particles.
- a nucleic acid analysis device in which microparticles having probe molecules capable of capturing a nucleic acid to be detected are regularly fixed on a substrate, including a bonding pad at a fixed position of the microparticles on the substrate, And a detection pad are disclosed through a chemical bond.
- a means for selecting and acquiring only fine particles having one molecular probe a nucleic acid analyzing device in which the fine particles are regularly fixed on a substrate, and a fluorescent dye for the nucleic acid analyzing device.
- Disclosed is a nucleic acid analyzer that includes luminescence detection means for measuring the fluorescence of a fluorescent dye incorporated therein and acquires the base sequence information of a nucleic acid sample.
- a bonding pad is provided at the fixed position of the fine particles on the substrate, and the fine particles and the bonding pad are bonded through a chemical bond, and the diameter of the bonding pad is equal to the diameter of the fine particles.
- it has a thin film layer made of an organic polymer as a material on the substrate surface, a part of the bonding pad is exposed from the thin film layer, and the thin film layer other than the part of the bonding pad is the thin film layer. It discloses that it is a nucleic acid analysis device characterized by having a configuration buried in.
- one molecule or a plurality of molecular probes are fixed to one fine particle.
- all the molecules need to be the same species. If different probe molecules are present, different signals obtained are mixed, which hinders analysis.
- the fine particles are made of a material selected from a semiconductor, a metal, an inorganic polymer, or an organic polymer. These may be spherical or non-spherical.
- the bonding pad is made of a material selected from gold, titanium, nickel, or aluminum.
- the planar shape is arbitrary such as a circle, a square, a rectangle, and an ellipse.
- the fine average particle (sphere) is represented by the apparent average diameter
- the bonding pad (film) is represented by the apparent average diameter.
- the apparent average diameter D is (D 1 + D 2 ) / 2.
- the size of the fine particles is preferably 1 nm to 200 nm, particularly 5 to 100 nm.
- the size (apparent average diameter) of the bonding pad is preferably not more than twice the diameter of the fine particles, and particularly preferably not more than 1 time.
- the thickness of the bonding pad is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm, particularly 3 to 50 nm, but is not particularly limited in the present invention. In the present specification, the diameters of the fine particles and the bonding pads are simply described, but these are used to include those that are not true spheres or true circles as described above.
- the diameter L of the bonding pad is preferably not more than twice the diameter of the fine particles, particularly preferably not more than 1 time.
- the major axis is not more than twice the apparent diameter of the fine particles.
- Adhesive pads 102 having a thickness of 10 nm and a diameter of 40 nm are regularly formed on the smooth support substrate 101, for example, in a lattice shape as shown in FIG. This keeps the distance between the bonding pads uniform. If the bonding pad is partially too close, there may be noise in the signal.
- the bonding pad 102 and the fine particles 103 are connected by chemical bonding via the linear molecules 105. It is preferable that the functional group 106 at the end of the linear molecule 105 and the bonding pad 102 are bonded by chemical interaction.
- the functional group 106 has a weak interaction with the smooth support substrate 101 and a strong interaction with the bonding pad 102.
- quartz glass, sapphire, a silicon substrate, or the like can be used as the smooth support substrate.
- the bonding pad 102 can be made of a material selected from gold, titanium, nickel, and aluminum.
- the functional group 106 must be selected considering the combination of the smooth support substrate 101 and the bonding pad 102.
- a sulfohydryl group, an amino group, a carboxyl group, a phosphate group, an aldehyde group, or the like may be used. it can.
- the linear molecule 105 plays a role of connecting the fine particles 103 and the bonding pad 102 and is not particularly limited in length, but is preferably a linear molecule having about 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the functional group 107 at the end of the linear molecule 105 brings about adhesion with the fine particles 103.
- a thin film 108 for preventing nonspecific adsorption is formed on the smooth support substrate.
- the thin film 108 preferably has the same thickness as that of the bonding pad 102 and completely covers the side surface of the bonding pad 102.
- the thin film 108 is preferably made of an organic polymer that prevents nonspecific adsorption of the fine particles 103.
- organic polymer for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyacrylamide, 3-glycidoxypropylmethoxysilane (GOPS), or the like can be used as the organic polymer.
- fine particles 103 metal fine particles, semiconductor fine particles, inorganic polymer fine particles, and organic polymer fine particles can be used.
- gold fine particles having a diameter of 5 nm to 100 nm are commercially available and can be utilized.
- semiconductor fine particles compound semiconductors such as CdSe having a diameter of about 10 nm to 20 nm are commercially available and can be utilized.
- Fluorescence can be enhanced and observed by using fine particles having a diameter of about 100 nm or less, such as gold, silver, platinum, and aluminum, which can excite localized plasmons in the visible region.
- the phenomenon of fluorescence enhancement by surface plasmon of gold fine particles is described in, for example, Nanotechnology, 2007, Vol. 18, pp 044017-044021. (Non-Patent Document 4).
- the fluorescence of the fluorescent dye attached to the nucleotide can be enhanced and measured, and the signal / noise can be increased.
- a fluorescent dye can always be placed in the enhancement field created by the localized plasmon, and stable fluorescence enhancement is obtained.
- the fluorescence of each fluorescent dye is observed by exciting the semiconductor particles with light from an external light source and transferring the excitation energy to the fluorescent dye associated with the incorporated nucleotide.
- the excitation light source may excite only the semiconductor fine particles, which is preferable in that one kind of light source may be used.
- Qdot (R) streptavidin labeling manufactured by Invitrogen having a diameter of 15 to 20 nm can be used.
- Inorganic polymer fine particles and organic polymer fine particles are added with labels that change the physical properties of particles such as density, particle size, and charge density, chemical properties such as functional groups and spacers, and biomolecules such as streptavidin.
- the product is also commercially available.
- silica fine particles having a diameter of 30 to 500 nm are commercially available as inorganic polymer fine particles.
- Sicastar (R) amino group labeling manufactured by Micromod
- Sicastar (R) streptavidin labeling manufactured by Micromod
- latex fine particles having a diameter of 15 to 500 nm are commercially available as organic polymer fine particles.
- latex microparticles that have a diameter of 15 to 500 nm such as Micromer® amino group label (manufactured by Micromod), or that have a diameter of 100 to 200 nm, such as Micromer® streptavidin label (manufactured by Micromod) may be used.
- Amino-labeled fine particles of inorganic polymer and organic polymer can be modified by avidin by reacting biotin-succinimide (NHS-Biotin manufactured by Pierce) and finally reacting with streptavidin in the same manner as gold or platinum fine particles. it can.
- an oligonucleotide is used as the nucleic acid capture probe 210, it can be easily fixed on the microparticles by synthesizing the end with biotin.
- nucleic acid synthetase When a nucleic acid synthetase is used as the nucleic acid capture probe 210, RTS AviTag E.
- the nucleic acid synthase can be easily immobilized on the microparticles by assembling an expression system using an E. coli biotinylation kit (manufactured by Roche Applied Science) to produce a nucleic acid synthase.
- the functional group that can be used as the functional group 107 differs depending on the type of fine particles, but for example, when gold fine particles are used, a sulfohydryl group, an amino group, or the like is preferable.
- semiconductor fine particles, inorganic polymer fine particles, or organic polymer fine particles fine particles whose surface is modified with streptavidin are commercially available, and biotin can be used as the functional group 107.
- the probe molecule 104 for capturing nucleic acid a single strand of DNA or RNA nucleic acid molecule can be used. The end of the nucleic acid molecule is modified in advance in the same manner as the functional group 107 and reacted with the fine particles 103. Further, a nucleic acid binding protein or a nucleic acid synthase can be used as the probe molecule 104 for capturing a nucleic acid. Reagents for introducing avidin tags into expressed proteins are commercially available. By using such reagents to synthesize nucleic acid binding proteins and nucleic acid synthases, for example, the surface of semiconductor fine particles whose surface is modified with commercially available biotin can be easily prepared.
- Nucleic acid-binding proteins and nucleic acid synthases can be immobilized on.
- the probe molecule 104 that captures a nucleic acid
- a nucleic acid sample molecule having a specific complementary sequence can be captured.
- one probe molecule 104 is fixed to one particle 103, but a plurality of probe molecules may be fixed to one particle as shown in FIG. However, the probe molecules need to be of the same species.
- a nucleic acid synthesizing enzyme or nucleotide can be supplied to cause a nucleic acid extension reaction on the substrate.
- a nucleic acid binding protein when used, a nucleic acid having a specific sequence can be captured.
- a nucleic acid synthase is used as the probe molecule 104, nonspecific nucleic acid sample molecules can be captured. Also in this case, a nucleic acid elongation reaction can be caused on the substrate by supplying nucleotides.
- the number of probe molecules 104 to be fixed to one particle 103 is one molecule, but a plurality of probe molecules may be fixed to one particle as shown in FIG.
- the probe molecule is a short nucleic acid sample fragment
- only the fine particles to which one probe molecule is bound can be selectively obtained after the fine particles are bound.
- the reaction is performed with the number of fine particles 10 times larger than the number of probe molecules
- about 90% of the fine particles do not capture the probe molecules, and about 9% of the fine particles have one probe molecule captured. It was.
- This result is in good agreement with the predicted result assuming a Poisson distribution. Therefore, if only the fine particles that have captured the probe molecules are captured, 90% or more of the collected fine particles are fine particles in which only one probe molecule is captured. In this state, it is possible to obtain fine particles with a single molecular bond of probe molecules with higher purity using separation by molecular weight, collection by magnetic fine particles, electrophoretic separation using a difference in charge, and the like.
- a thin film process that has already been put to practical use in a semiconductor can be used. For example, after forming a thin film by vapor deposition / sputtering through a mask or vapor deposition / sputtering, it can be produced by dry or wet etching. Regular arrangement can be easily realized by using a thin film process.
- the interval between the pads can be set arbitrarily, but when optical measurement is performed as the detection means, it is preferably 500 nm or more in consideration of the diffraction limit of light detection.
- a method using a fluorescence detection method is preferred from the viewpoint of sensitivity and simplicity.
- a nucleic acid sample is supplied to the nucleic acid analysis device, and the probe molecule 104 is made to capture the nucleic acid sample.
- a nucleotide having a fluorescent dye is supplied, and when the probe molecule 104 is a DNA probe, a nucleic acid synthase is supplied.
- a nucleic acid elongation reaction is caused on the device, and the fluorescence of the fluorescent dye incorporated into the nucleic acid chain during the elongation reaction is measured.
- a so-called sequential extension reaction method in which one type of nucleotide is supplied, unreacted nucleotides are washed, fluorescence observation, different types of nucleotides are supplied, and the subsequent steps are repeated can be easily realized.
- a continuous reaction can be caused to obtain the base sequence information of the nucleic acid sample.
- the realization of the so-called real-time reaction method is achieved by supplying the four types of nucleotides having different fluorescent dyes, causing a continuous nucleic acid extension reaction without washing, and performing continuous fluorescence observation. You can also.
- the phosphate moiety is cleaved after the extension reaction, so that the fluorescence can be measured continuously without quenching to obtain the base sequence information of the nucleic acid sample. it can.
- one particle 201 is fixed to the bonding pad 202.
- the particles 201 are fixed on the bonding pad 202, there is a possibility that a plurality of particles 201 are fixed to one bonding pad 202. If a plurality of nucleic acids are fixed, information on different types of nucleic acid fragments will overlap, and accurate nucleic acid analysis will not be possible. Therefore, one particle 201 must be fixed to one bonding pad 202.
- FIG. 4A if the diameter L of the bonding pad is large and the area thereof is large, two fine particles may be captured. Further, when the thickness of the bonding pad is large, the diameter L1 of the bonding pad is small, but there is a possibility that the fine particles are adsorbed on the bonding pad and two fine particles are captured as shown in FIG. 4B.
- the diameter L of the bonding pad 202 is smaller than the diameter D of the fine particles 201, that is, the condition that diameter 2D / diameter L ⁇ 1. It was found that one fine particle 201 can be fixed to one bonding pad 202 when the portion other than the bonding pad is covered with a film that suppresses nonspecific adsorption. The fine particles repel each other and retreat from each other. However, when the apparent diameter of the bonding pad exceeds twice that of the fine particles, a plurality of adhesive pads can be combined with one adhesive pad to suppress the nonspecific adsorption. There is a concern that fine particles may be trapped. 4C is possible diameter L 2 of the apparent bonding pads is smaller than the diameter D of the apparent particle, when the thickness t 1 is large, the fine particles are trapped on the side face as shown in FIG. 4B There is sex.
- the bonding pad is as thin as possible (t 2 ). This is because when the bonding pad is thick, the area of the side surface portion increases, and even when the diameter of the bonding pad 202 is equal to or smaller than the diameter of the fine particles 201, a plurality of fine particles 201 can be fixed to one bonding pad 202. This is because the nature increases.
- the bonding pad 202 is thick, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, one side surface is covered with an organic polymer 204 that suppresses the adsorption of biomolecules such as PEG (polyethylene glycol).
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- a plurality of fine particles 201 can be prevented from being fixed to the bonding pad 202.
- the thickness of the bonding pad does not affect the fixed number of fine particles. Therefore, according to the present invention, the thickness of the bonding pad can be easily controlled, and the manufacturing yield can be improved.
- This method uses a PEG silane agent obtained by polymerizing PEG and a silane coupling agent.
- PEG silane agent 2-methoxypolyethyleneoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (manufactured by Gelest) can be used.
- a PEG silane film is formed on the nucleic acid analysis device to a thickness equivalent to that of the bonding pad 202. Since the single-layer PEG silane film is about 1 nm, a multilayer PEG silane film is manufactured to have the thickness of the bonding pad 202.
- a PEG silane agent is dissolved in a solvent, and a catalyst such as triethylamine is added. The nucleic acid analysis device is immersed in this mixed solution at 60 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the nucleic acid analysis device After removing the nucleic acid analysis device from the mixed solution, it is baked at 130 ° C. for 1 hour using an electric furnace.
- the film thickness of the silane film on the substrate is measured with a spectroscopic ellipsometer. As a result of the measurement, a silane film having a film thickness of 14 nm was confirmed. It was also confirmed that the film thickness could be adjusted to 1 to 14 nm by changing the reaction conditions such as the concentration of PEG silane agent, baking temperature, and time.
- the PEG silane film may cover the upper surface of the bonding pad.
- the bonding pad 202 is made of titanium oxide and is made of quartz glass, which is the material of the smooth support substrate 301, only titanium oxide can be covered by using polyvinyl phosphoric acid (PVPA) as a silanol adsorption inhibiting molecule.
- PVPA polyvinyl phosphoric acid
- Polyvinyl phosphate (PVPA) adsorbs on titanium oxide but does not adsorb on quartz glass.
- the silane film on the bonding pad can be removed due to the difference in adsorption power of the PEG silane film.
- quartz glass and sapphire which are the materials of the smooth support substrate 301
- the PEG silane film produced on the metal or metal oxide has a weak adsorbing force, so that the bonding pad is formed by a cleaning process using ultrasonic waves or a surfactant. Only the top can be removed.
- the thickness of the PEG silane film is actually made to be equal to the thickness of the bonding pad 202, and the bonding pad 202 is covered in advance with silanol adsorption-inhibiting molecules, or the PEG silane film is formed and then removed by washing.
- the nonspecific adsorption-preventing organic polymer 204 can be easily produced on a nucleic acid analysis device. This showed a high non-specific adsorption prevention effect and a significant noise reduction. At the same time, the ratio of the fine particles 201 fixed to the bonding pads 202 on a one-to-one basis can be significantly improved. Through the above improvement, the throughput of the nucleic acid analysis device can be remarkably improved.
- a material constituting the bonding pad 305 for example, gold, titanium, nickel, and aluminum is formed on the smooth support substrate 301 by sputtering (b).
- gold, aluminum, or nickel is used as the material for the bonding pad 305
- titanium is used to reinforce the bonding between the substrate material and the bonding pad 305 material. It is preferable to add a thin film of chromium or chromium.
- a pattern 303 is formed with a resist on the metal thin film 302 (c).
- the metal thin film 302 other than the resist pattern is removed by etching (d).
- the bonding pad 305 is completed.
- linear molecules 304 that are not adsorbed on the smooth support substrate 301 and adsorbed on the bonding pad 305 are reacted (e).
- the bonding pad 305 is gold, titanium, aluminum, or nickel, it is preferable to use a sulfohydryl group, a phosphate group, or a thiazole group as the functional group at the end of the linear molecule 304, respectively.
- biotin can be used as the functional group of the linear molecule.
- the fine particles 103 are bonded to the linear molecules 304 through chemical bonds, and one or more probe molecules are fixed to the surface of the fine particles (g).
- the thin film 306 is made of an organic polymer that prevents nonspecific adsorption of the fine particles 103.
- the type of organic polymer that prevents nonspecific adsorption is appropriately selected according to the surface state of the fine particles 103. When the surface state of the fine particles 103 has a negative charge, an organic polymer that is negatively charged is selected so as to repel. If the surface of the fine particles 103 is hydrophilic, the organic polymer is selected to be hydrophobic, and if the surface of the fine particles 103 is hydrophobic, the organic polymer is selected to be hydrophilic.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- polyacrylamide polyacrylamide
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- GOPS 3-glycidoxypropylmethoxysilane
- the linear molecules 403 can be reacted before etching the formed metal thin film 402.
- a pattern is formed with the resist 404 (c).
- the portions other than the portion protected by the resist 404 are removed together with the linear molecules 403 by etching (d).
- a thin film of an organic polymer 405 for preventing nonspecific adsorption is formed on the resist 404 and the smooth support substrate 401 (e).
- the resist 404 is removed to remove the resist 404 and the nonspecific adsorption-preventing organic polymer 406 formed thereon, thereby forming an adhesive pad to which the patterned linear molecules 403 are bonded ( f). Further, the fine particles 103 are bonded to the linear molecules 403 through chemical bonds, and one or more probe molecules are fixed to the surface of the fine particles (g).
- avidin is modified in advance on the surface of the fine particles.
- metal fine particles other than gold or platinum are used, the surface is oxidized by heat treatment in an oxygen atmosphere, then aminosilane is reacted, and then biotin-succinimide (NHS-Biotin manufactured by Pierce) is reacted. Finally, react with streptavidin. Thereby, it is possible to easily avidin-modify the surface of the metal fine particles.
- the nucleic acid analysis device of this example can be manufactured by reacting the fine particles on which the nucleic acid capture probe is immobilized with the smooth support substrate 401.
- the nucleic acid analyzer of the present embodiment includes means for supplying a nucleotide having a fluorescent dye, a nucleic acid synthase, and a nucleic acid sample to the nucleic acid analysis device, means for irradiating the nucleic acid analysis device with light, and on the nucleic acid analysis device. And a luminescence detection means for measuring the fluorescence of the fluorescent dye incorporated into the nucleic acid chain by the nucleic acid extension reaction caused by the coexistence of the nucleotide, the nucleic acid synthase, and the nucleic acid sample.
- the device 505 is installed in a reaction chamber composed of a cover plate 501, a detection window 502, an inlet 503 that is a solution exchange port, and an outlet 504.
- PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane
- the thickness of the detection window 502 is 0.17 mm.
- Laser light 509 and 510 oscillated from a YAG laser light source (wavelength 532 nm, output 20 mW) 507 and a YAG laser light source (wavelength 355 nm, output 20 mW) 508 are circularly polarized only by the ⁇ / 4 plate 511, and the dichroic mirror is used.
- the two laser beams are adjusted to be coaxial by 512 (reflecting 410 nm or less), then condensed by a lens 513, and then irradiated to the device 505 through a prism 514 at a critical angle or more.
- the fluorescence emitted from the detection window 502 is converted into a parallel light beam by the objective lens 515 ( ⁇ 60, NA 1.35, working distance 0.15 mm), and the background light and the excitation light are blocked by the optical filter 516, thereby forming an image.
- An image is formed on the two-dimensional CCD camera 518 by the lens 517.
- Non-Patent Document 5 as a nucleotide with a fluorescent dye, a 3′-O-allyl group is inserted as a protecting group at the 3′OH position of ribose, and pyrimidine Can be used which are linked to a fluorescent dye via an allyl group at the 5-position or the 7-position of purine. Since the allyl group is cleaved by light irradiation or contact with palladium, quenching of the dye and control of the extension reaction can be achieved simultaneously. Even in the sequential reaction, it is not necessary to remove unreacted nucleotides by washing. Furthermore, since no washing step is required, the extension reaction can be measured in real time.
- nucleotide is linked to the dye via a functional group that can be cleaved by light irradiation. Can be used.
- the above-described example of the nucleic acid analyzer can be applied.
- Qdot (R) 565 manufactured by Invitrogen
- it can be sufficiently excited with a YAG laser light source (wavelength 532 nm, output 20 mW) 307.
- This excitation energy emits fluorescence by moving to Alexa 633 (manufactured by Invitrogen), which is not excited by light of 532 nm.
- Alexa 633 manufactured by Invitrogen
- dyes associated with unreacted nucleotides are not excited, and are only captured by DNA probes and close to the semiconductor fine particles to emit light, so that the captured nucleotides can be identified by fluorescence measurement. Is possible.
- Fine particles of inorganic polymer or organic polymer are not excited even when irradiated with light from an external light source. Therefore, the fluorescent dye does not emit light due to the transfer of excitation energy, and unreacted nucleotides also emit light, which may cause noise.
- the incorporated nucleotides can emit light by binding to the nucleic acid synthase a fine particle that causes energy transfer such as a semiconductor fine particle.
- the fluorescence of the incorporated nucleotide can be enhanced by binding gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, or the like to the nucleic acid synthase.
- gold, silver, platinum, aluminum or the like is used as the material of the metal pad for fixing the fine particles, the fluorescence around the metal pad is enhanced, so that the signal / noise can be increased.
- the analysis time can be shortened and the device and the analysis device can be simplified without the need for a washing step.
- nucleic acid fragments can be fixed to a substrate by finely aligning them at high density and regularly through fine particles, and without increasing the steps of the manufacturing process of the nucleic acid analysis device, only by simple substrate processing, Since only one molecule of nucleic acid sample fragments can be immobilized at a high rate and noise reduction can be realized by suppressing nonspecific adsorption of fine particles, a nucleic acid sample can be analyzed with low running cost and high throughput.
- YAG laser light source 509,510 ... Laser beam, 511 ... ⁇ / 4 plate, 512 ... Dichroic mirror, 513 ... Lens, 514 ... Prism, 515 ... Objective lens, 516 ... Optical filter, 517 ... Imaging lens, 518 ... Two-dimensional CD camera.
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Abstract
Description
該接着用パッド以外の前記基板面を被覆する薄膜層と、
それぞれの前記接着用パッドに接着された1つの微粒子と、
前記微粒子に固定された1種類のプローブ用分子を備え、
前記微粒子と前記接着用パッドとが化学結合を介して結合しており、前記薄膜層は前記基板表面に対する前記微粒子の非特異的な吸着を抑制するものであることを特徴とする核酸分析デバイスを提供するものである。
該金属薄膜を選択的にエッチングして複数の接着用パッドを形成し、
それぞれの接着用パッドに、接着用パッドに吸着する線状分子膜を導入し、
該線状分子膜に、微粒子を導入して、各接着用パッドに化学結合を介して接着し、
該微粒子にプローブ分子を化学結合を介して固定する、
ことを特徴とする核酸分析デバイスの製造方法を提供するものである。
該金属薄膜に吸着する線状分子膜を導入し、
該金属薄膜及び線状分子膜を選択的にエッチングして複数のダミー接着用パッドを形成し、
該ダミー接着用パッドを除去して前記線状分子膜を露出させて、金属薄膜と前記線状分子膜を有する複数の接着用パッドを形成し、
露出した線状分子膜に、微粒子を化学結合を介して接着し、
該微粒子にプローブ分子を、化学結合を介して固定する、
ことを特徴とする核酸分析デバイスの製造方法を提供するものである。ここでダミー接着用パッドとは、実際の接着用パッドと同形のもので、金属薄膜のパターニングの際に、微粒子と金属薄膜を結合する線状分子膜の上に形成されるエッチングマスクに相当する。なお、このエッチングマスク(ダミー接着用パッド)の上には、前記微粒子の非特異的な吸着を抑制する薄膜が形成されるが、微粒子を接着用パッドに接合する前にエッチング膜とともに除去される。
前記核酸分析デバイスに対して、蛍光色素を有するヌクレオチド及び核酸試料を供給する手段と、
前記核酸分析デバイスに光を照射する手段と、
前記核酸分析デバイス上において前記ヌクレオチド,前記核酸合成酵素及び前記核酸試料が共存することにより起きる核酸伸長反応により核酸鎖中に取り込まれた蛍光色素の蛍光を測定する発光検出手段を備え、上記核酸用デバイスが、その基板上に形成された複数の接着用パッドと、
該接着用パッド以外の前記基板面を被覆する薄膜層と、
それぞれの前記接着用パッドに接着された1つの微粒子と、
前記微粒子に固定された1種類のプローブ用分子を備え、
前記微粒子と前記接着用パッドとが化学結合を介して結合しており、前記薄膜層は前記基板表面に対する前記微粒子の非特異的な吸着を抑制するものである核酸分析装置を提供するものである。
前記基板上の前記微粒子の固定位置に接着用パッドを備え、前記微粒子と前記接着用パッドとが化学結合を介して結合しており、基板表面に前記微粒子の非特異的な吸着を防止する効果を有する薄膜層を有し、前記接着用パッドの一部分が前記薄膜層から露出し、前記一部分以外の前記接着用パッドは前記薄膜層に埋もれた構成をとることを特徴とする核酸分析デバイスが提供される。前記接着用パッドは基板上に規則的に配列されていることが好ましい。1つの微粒子に複数のプローブ分子が固定されていてもよい。
ここでは、本発明を完全に理解してもらうため、特定の実施形態について詳細な説明を行うが、本発明はここに記した内容に限定されるものではない。
接着用パッド102と微粒子103は、線状分子105を介して化学結合により結ばれている。線状分子105の末端の官能基106と、接着用パッド102とは化学的相互作用により結合していることが好ましい。その際、官能基106は、平滑支持基板101との相互作用が弱く、接着用パッド102との相互作用が強いことが好ましい。このような観点から、平滑支持基板としては、石英ガラス,サファイア,シリコン基板などを用いることができる。
この場合、レーザ照射により、デバイス505表面上に存在する金微粒子において局在型表面プラズモンが発生し、金微粒子に結合したDNAプローブにより捕捉された標的物質の蛍光体は蛍光増強場内に存在することになる。蛍光体はレーザ光で励起され、その増強された蛍光の一部は検出窓502を介して出射される。また、検出窓502より出射される蛍光は、対物レンズ515(×60,NA1.35,作動距離0.15mm)により平行光束とされ、光学フィルタ516により背景光及び励起光が遮断され、結像レンズ517により2次元CCDカメラ518上に結像される。
Claims (18)
- 基板と、
その基板上に形成された複数の接着用パッドと、
該接着用パッド以外の前記基板面を被覆する薄膜層と、
それぞれの前記接着用パッドに接着された1つの微粒子と、
前記微粒子に固定された1種類のプローブ用分子を備え、
前記微粒子と前記接着用パッドとが化学結合を介して結合しており、前記薄膜層は前記基板表面に対する前記微粒子の非特異的な吸着を抑制するものであることを特徴とする核酸分析デバイス。 - 請求項1記載の核酸分析用デバイスにおいて、前記微粒子1個に対して、前記プローブ分子が1分子固定されていることを特徴とする核酸分析デバイス。
- 請求項1記載の核酸分析用デバイスにおいて、前記プローブ分子が、核酸、又は核酸合成酵素であることを特徴とする核酸分析デバイス。
- 請求項1記載の核酸分析デバイスにおいて、前記微粒子が半導体、金属、無機ポリマーや有機ポリマーから選ばれる材料からなることを特徴とする核酸分析デバイス。
- 請求項1記載の核酸分析用デバイスにおいて、
前記接着用パッドが、金,チタン,ニッケル、又はアルミから選ばれる材料からなることを特徴とする核酸分析デバイス。 - 基板面に金属薄膜を形成し、
該金属薄膜を選択的にエッチングして複数の接着用パッドを形成し、
それぞれの接着用パッドに、接着用パッドに吸着する線状分子を導入し、
該線状分子に、微粒子を、化学結合を介して接着し、
該微粒子にプローブ分子を、化学結合を介して固定する、
ことを特徴とする核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。 - 前記接着用パッドは基板上に規則的に配列されていることを特徴とする請求項6記載の核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。
- 1つの微粒子に複数のプローブ分子が固定されていることを特徴とする請求項6記載の核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。
- 前記接着用パッドの直径が前記微粒子の直径の2倍以下であることを特徴とする請求項6記載の核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。
- 基板面に金属薄膜を形成し、
該金属薄膜に吸着する線状分子膜を導入し、
複数のダミー接着用パッドを形成して該金属薄膜及び金属薄膜を選択的にエッチングし、該ダミー接着用パッドを除去して前記線状分子膜を露出させて、金属薄膜と前記線状分子膜を有する複数の接着用パッドを形成し、
露出した線状分子に微粒子を、化学結合を介して接着し、
該微粒子にプローブ分子を、化学結合を介して固定する、
ことを特徴とする核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。 - 前記接着用パッドは基板上に規則的に配列されていることを特徴とする請求項10記載の核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。
- 1つの微粒子に複数のプローブ分子が固定されていることを特徴とする請求項10記載の核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。
- 前記接着用パッドの直径が前記微粒子の直径の2倍以下であることを特徴とする請求項10記載の核酸分析デバイスの製造方法。
- 検出対象の核酸を捕捉できるプローブ分子を有する微粒子を基板上に規則的に固定した核酸分析用デバイスと、
前記核酸分析デバイスに対して、蛍光色素を有するヌクレオチド、及び核酸試料を供給する手段と、
前記核酸分析デバイスに光を照射する手段と、
前記核酸分析デバイス上において前記ヌクレオチド,前記核酸合成酵素、及び前記核酸試料が共存することにより起きる核酸伸長反応により核酸鎖中に取り込まれた蛍光色素の蛍光を測定する発光検出手段を備え、
前記核酸試料の塩基配列情報を取得する核酸分析装置であって、前記基板上の前記微粒子の固定位置に複数の接着用パッドを備え、前記微粒子と前記接着用パッドとが化学結合を介して結合しており、前記接着用パッド以外の部分が線状分子膜により
被覆されていることを特徴とする核酸分析装置。 - 請求項14記載の核酸分析装置において、前記微粒子1個に対して、前記プローブ分子が一分子固定されていることを特徴とする核酸分析装置。
- 請求項14記載の核酸分析装置において、前記プローブ分子が、核酸、又は核酸合成酵素であることを特徴とする核酸分析装置。
- 請求項14記載の核酸分析装置において、前記微粒子が、半導体、金属、無機ポリマーや有機ポリマーから選ばれる材料からなることを特徴とする核酸分析装置。
- 請求項14記載の核酸分析装置において、前記接着用パッドが、金,チタン,ニッケル、又はアルミから選ばれる材料からなることを特徴とする核酸分析装置。
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JP2013150567A (ja) * | 2012-01-25 | 2013-08-08 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | 核酸分析用反応デバイス、及び核酸分析装置 |
EP2871464A4 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2016-01-27 | Hitachi High Tech Corp | DEVICE AND METHOD OF ANALYSIS |
US9964539B2 (en) | 2012-07-06 | 2018-05-08 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation | Analysis device and analysis method |
JP2015084717A (ja) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-05-07 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 核酸分析用基板、及び核酸分析用フローセル |
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US20130053280A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
JP5663008B2 (ja) | 2015-02-04 |
JPWO2011142307A1 (ja) | 2013-07-22 |
US9365891B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
US20150184227A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
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