WO2003085750A1 - Element a effet de magnetoresistance et dispositif a memoire magnetique - Google Patents
Element a effet de magnetoresistance et dispositif a memoire magnetique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003085750A1 WO2003085750A1 PCT/JP2003/004461 JP0304461W WO03085750A1 WO 2003085750 A1 WO2003085750 A1 WO 2003085750A1 JP 0304461 W JP0304461 W JP 0304461W WO 03085750 A1 WO03085750 A1 WO 03085750A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B69/00—Erasable-and-programmable ROM [EPROM] devices not provided for in groups H10B41/00 - H10B63/00, e.g. ultraviolet erasable-and-programmable ROM [UVEPROM] devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/09—Magnetoresistive devices
- G01R33/093—Magnetoresistive devices using multilayer structures, e.g. giant magnetoresistance sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y25/00—Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/02—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements
- G11C11/14—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements
- G11C11/15—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using magnetic elements using thin-film elements using multiple magnetic layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/3204—Exchange coupling of amorphous multilayers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3268—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn
- H01F10/3272—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn by use of anti-parallel coupled [APC] ferromagnetic layers, e.g. artificial ferrimagnets [AFI], artificial [AAF] or synthetic [SAF] anti-ferromagnets
- H01F10/3277—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the exchange coupling being asymmetric, e.g. by use of additional pinning, by using antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic coupling interface, i.e. so-called spin-valve [SV] structure, e.g. NiFe/Cu/NiFe/FeMn by use of anti-parallel coupled [APC] ferromagnetic layers, e.g. artificial ferrimagnets [AFI], artificial [AAF] or synthetic [SAF] anti-ferromagnets by use of artificial ferrimagnets [AFI] only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10B—ELECTRONIC MEMORY DEVICES
- H10B61/00—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices
- H10B61/20—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors
- H10B61/22—Magnetic memory devices, e.g. magnetoresistive RAM [MRAM] devices comprising components having three or more electrodes, e.g. transistors of the field-effect transistor [FET] type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/80—Constructional details
- H10N50/85—Magnetic active materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F10/00—Thin magnetic films, e.g. of one-domain structure
- H01F10/32—Spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F10/324—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer
- H01F10/3254—Exchange coupling of magnetic film pairs via a very thin non-magnetic spacer, e.g. by exchange with conduction electrons of the spacer the spacer being semiconducting or insulating, e.g. for spin tunnel junction [STJ]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetoresistive element and a magnetic memory device configured to obtain a change in magnetic resistance by flowing a current perpendicular to a film surface.
- non-volatile memory examples include flash memory using semiconductors and ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) using ferroelectrics.
- FRAM ferroelectric random access memory
- flash memory has the disadvantage that the writing speed is as slow as the order of microseconds.
- FRA II has a problem that the number of rewritable times is small.
- an MRAM Magnetic Random Memory
- This is a magnetic memory device called Access Memory.
- the MRAM has a simple structure, so that high integration is easy, and the number of rewritable times is large because storage is performed by rotation of a magnetic moment.
- the access time is also expected to be very fast, and it has been confirmed that operation is possible in the order of nanoseconds.
- the magnetoresistive element used in this MRAM especially the tunnel magnet Tunnel Magnetoresistance (TMR) elements are basically composed of a ferromagnetic tunnel junction consisting of a ferromagnetic layer, a Z tunnel barrier layer, and a Z ferromagnetic layer.
- TMR tunnel magnet Tunnel Magnetoresistance
- a magnetoresistance effect appears according to the relative angle of the magnetization of the two magnetic layers.
- the resistance value becomes maximum, and when the magnetization directions are parallel, the resistance value becomes minimum.
- the function as a memory element is provided by creating an antiparallel and parallel state by an external magnetic field.
- one ferromagnetic layer is antiferromagnetically coupled to an adjacent antiferromagnetic layer, so that the direction of magnetization is always constant, and the layer is a fixed magnetization layer.
- the other ferromagnetic layer is an information recording layer whose magnetization is easily inverted by an external magnetic field or the like.
- the rate of change of the resistance is represented by the following equation (1), where P 1 and P 2 are the spin polarizabilities of the respective magnetic layers.
- the resistance change rate increases as the spin polarizability increases.
- Fe group ferromagnetic elements such as Fe, Co, and Ni, and alloys of these three types.
- the basic configuration of the MRAM includes a plurality of bit write lines and a plurality of bit write lines as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-116490.
- a plurality of word write lines orthogonal to the plurality of bit write lines are provided, and a TMR element is arranged as a magnetic memory element at an intersection of the bit write line and the word write line. Then, when recording is performed with such an MRAM, selective writing is performed on the TMR element using the asteroid characteristic.
- Bit write lines and code write lines used in MRAM include thin conductors such as Cu and A1, which are wiring materials for ordinary semiconductor devices.
- a membrane is used.
- a magnetic memory element having a reversal magnetic field of 20 Oe is used.
- About 2 mA of current is required to write to it.
- the thickness of the bit write line and word write line is 0.25 / m, which is the same as the line width, the current density at this time is close to the disconnection limit value due to the migration at the outlet.3. it is a 2 X 1 0 6 AZ cm 3 . Therefore, reduction of the write current is indispensable to maintain the reliability of wiring. Further, it is necessary to reduce the write current from the viewpoint of heat generation due to the write current and reduction of power consumption.
- the coercive force of the TMR element is appropriately determined by the size, shape, layer configuration, material selection and the like of the TMR element.
- the coercive force of the TMR element is appropriately determined by the size, shape, layer configuration, material selection and the like of the TMR element.
- the TMR element is miniaturized, for example, to improve the recording density of the MRAM, an inconvenience occurs when the coercive force of the TMR element increases. Therefore, in order to simultaneously achieve the miniaturization (high integration) of the MRAM and the reduction of the write current, it is necessary to reduce the coercive force of the TMR element from the material aspect.
- TMR elements are also required to have magnetic properties to draw an ideal asteroid curve.
- there must be no noise such as Barkhausen noise in the RH (resistance-magnetic field) curve when performing TMR measurement, and the squareness of the waveform must be good. It is necessary that the magnetization state is stable and the coercive force Hc has a small variation.
- the TMR element information reading of the TMR element is performed when the magnetic moment of one ferromagnetic layer and the other ferromagnetic layer sandwiching the tunnel barrier layer is antiparallel and the resistance value is high, for example, ⁇ 1 ⁇ .
- the case where the magnetic moments are parallel is defined as ⁇ 0 ⁇ , and reading is performed using the difference current at a constant bias voltage and the difference voltage at a constant bias current in those states. Therefore, when the resistance variation between the elements is the same, the higher the TMR ratio is, the more advantageous it is, and a memory with high speed, high integration, and low error rate is realized.
- the TMR element has a bias voltage dependence of the resistance change rate, and the TMR ratio decreases as the bias voltage increases. It is known that when reading with a difference current or a difference voltage, the resistance change rate often takes the maximum value of the read signal at a voltage (Vh) at which the resistance change rate is reduced by half due to the bias voltage dependence. Therefore, it is more effective to reduce the read error if the bias voltage dependence is low.
- the alloy composition that increases the spin polarizability represented by P 1 and P 2 in the equation (1) is set to Co, Fe, N
- the coercive force He of the TMR element generally tends to be large.
- the spin polarization is large and a high TMR ratio of 40% or more can be secured, but the coercive force He Will also be large.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetoresistive element and a magnetic memory device.
- a magnetoresistive element includes a pair of ferromagnetic layers opposed to each other with an intermediate layer interposed therebetween, and a current flowing perpendicularly to the film surface.
- a magnetoresistance effect element configured to obtain a resistance change
- at least one of the ferromagnetic layers contains a ferromagnetic material containing Fe, Co, and B.
- the magnetic memory device has a magnetoresistive effect in which a pair of ferromagnetic layers are opposed via an intermediate layer and a magnetoresistance change is obtained by flowing a current perpendicular to the film surface. And a word line and a bit line sandwiching the magnetoresistive element in the thickness direction.
- At least one of the ferromagnetic layers includes a ferromagnetic material containing Fe, Co, and B. It is characterized by including.
- At least one of the ferromagnetic layers contains B as a ferromagnetic material in addition to the ferromagnetic transition metal elements Fe and Co, so that the magnetoresistance (MR) of the magnetoresistive element can be improved.
- MR magnetoresistance
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a principal part showing an example of a TMR element to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 shows the resistance of a TMR element using a ferromagnetic material containing Fe, Co, and B for the information recording layer, and the resistance of a TMR element using a ferromagnetic material containing Fe and Co for the information recording layer.
- FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing one external magnetic field curve.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a principal part showing another example of a TMR element to which the present invention is applied, which shows a TMR element having a laminated ferri structure.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a main part of a cross-point type MRAM array having the TMR element of the present invention as a memory cell.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the memory cell shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a TEG for evaluating a TMR element.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 8 shows a ternary phase diagram C for explaining the optimum alloy composition of the present invention.
- a tunnel magnetoresistive element (hereinafter, referred to as a TMR element) 1 to which the present invention is applied includes a base layer 3 made of Si or the like, A magnetic layer 4, a magnetization fixed layer 5, which is a ferromagnetic layer, a tunnel barrier layer 6, an information recording layer 7, which is a ferromagnetic layer, and a top coat layer 8, are laminated in this order.
- the TMR element 1 has a ferromagnetic tunnel junction 9 formed by sandwiching a tunnel barrier layer 6 between a pair of ferromagnetic layers, a magnetization fixed layer 5 and an information recording layer 7.
- the TMR element 1 is a so-called spin valve type TMR element in which one of the ferromagnetic layers is a fixed magnetization layer 5 and the other is an information recording layer 7.
- the antiferromagnetic layer 4 is antiferromagnetically coupled to the magnetization fixed layer 5 which is one of the ferromagnetic layers, so that the magnetization of the magnetization fixed layer 5 is reversed even by a current magnetic field for writing.
- This is a layer for keeping the magnetization direction of the magnetization fixed layer 5 always constant. That is, in the TMR element 1 shown in FIG. 1, only the information recording layer 7, which is the other ferromagnetic layer, is magnetized by an external magnetic field or the like.
- an Mn alloy containing Fe, Ni, Pt, Ir, Rh, etc., a Co oxide, a Ni oxide, or the like can be used. it can.
- the magnetization fixed layer 5 is antiferromagnetically coupled to the antiferromagnetic layer 4 so that the magnetization direction is fixed. Therefore, the magnetization of the magnetization fixed layer 5 is not reversed even by the current magnetic field at the time of writing.
- the tunnel barrier layer 6 can be obtained by oxidizing or nitriding a metal film formed by a sputtering method, an evaporation method, or the like.
- the tunnel barrier layer 6 can also be obtained by a CVD method using an organic metal and oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, halogen, a halogenated gas, or the like.
- At least one of the magnetization fixed layer 5 and the information recording layer 7, which are ferromagnetic layers, of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction 9, is composed of a ferromagnetic transition metal element Fe as a ferromagnetic material.
- a ferromagnetic transition metal element Fe as a ferromagnetic material.
- a disadvantage that increasing the spin polarizability also increases the coercive force but the present invention contains such a ferromagnetic material.
- the improvement of the spin polarizability and the reduction of the coercive force can be achieved at the same time, and the TMR ratio can be improved and the write current can be reduced.
- a high TMR ratio and a low coercive force are compatible, and the rectangularity of the RH curve is not impaired. Also, by containing B, it is possible to improve the bias voltage dependency.
- the information recording layer is a ferromagnetic material, which is within the scope of the present invention.
- the TMR element containing (Co 90 Fe O) 80 B 10 and the information recording layer is a ferromagnetic material.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of actually fabricating a TMR element containing Co 90 Fe 10, respectively, and measuring the resistance-external magnetic field curve of these elements.
- the TMR element in which the information recording layer contains Fe, Co, and B as ferromagnetic materials has a higher TMR ratio than the TMR element that contains only Fe and Co. It was possible to reduce the coercive force He while maintaining a high coercive force. In addition, the squareness of the RH loop was improved, and Barkhausen noise was also reduced. Therefore, according to the present invention, not only the write current can be reduced, but also the shape of the asteroid curve is improved, the write characteristics are improved, and the write error can be reduced.
- the microstructure of the B-containing ferromagnetic layer changes from a normal metallic structure to a microcrystalline or amorphous structure. It is conceivable that. However, if the microscopic structure is simply amorphous, the TMR characteristics are not improved.It is important that the ferromagnetic layer contains the above-mentioned elements and satisfies the composition range described later. It is.
- B added to the ferromagnetic layer will be described.
- the amount of B is less than 10 atomic%, the magnetic properties of the base Fe—Co alloy are greatly reflected, and only a modest improvement effect is observed. Therefore, by containing 10 atomic% or more of B, the TMR ratio is remarkably increased as compared with an alloy containing Fe, Co, etc. in the same ratio, and the RH curve Is improved. In addition, the bias dependency of the TMR ratio is improved, and the magnetization state of the information recording layer is stable, so that the coercivity is small and the noise seen on the RH curve is greatly reduced.
- the addition amount of B is preferably at most 30 atomic%.
- the addition amount of B exceeds 30 atomic%, the ferromagnetic properties of the information recording layer and the fixed magnetic field of the magnetization fixed layer begin to be impaired. As a result, there is a possibility that the TMR ratio decreases, the squareness of the RH curve deteriorates, and the coercive force decreases. Therefore, in order to surely obtain the effect of the present invention by adding B, although it slightly changes depending on the composition of the Fe—Co alloy, at least one of the ferromagnetic layers is at least 10 atomic%. It is preferable to contain B by 30 atomic% or less.
- the base (Fe, Co) alloy will be described.
- Co is an essential element from the viewpoint of remarkably obtaining the effects of the present invention. More specifically, the alloy composition including B requires at least 35 atomic% of Co. This is to promote the effect when B is added and to maintain the ferromagnetic property.
- Fe is then added, the effect of increasing the TMR ratio and increasing the coercive force is observed, as is the change in the Co-Fe base alloy.
- the Fe content exceeds 45 atomic% the coercive force increases excessively in the actual device dimensions, and the TMR Inappropriate as an element.
- the content of Fe be 5 atomic% or more and 45 atomic% or less.
- At least one of the ferromagnetic layers of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction of the present invention may contain Ni in addition to Fe, Co, and B. Even when the ferromagnetic layer further contains Ni, a good TMR ratio is maintained while suppressing an increase in coercive force, and an effect of improving the squareness of the RH curve can be obtained.
- Ni is 0 atomic% or more and 35 atomic% or less. If the content of Ni exceeds 35 atomic%, the coercive force becomes too small, which may make it difficult to control the operation of the TMR element.
- the ferromagnetic material contained in at least one of the ferromagnetic layers has a composition formula FeaCobNicBd (where a, b, c, and c) except for unavoidable impurity elements.
- ⁇ d represents atomic%.
- a + b + c + d 1100.
- the ferromagnetic material containing Fe, Co, and B as described above may be applied to at least one of the information recording layer 7 and the magnetization fixed layer 5, but at least the information recording layer 7, More preferably, by applying the present invention to both the information recording layer 7 and the fixed magnetization layer 5, the effects of the present invention can be more remarkably obtained.
- any of the materials usually used for this type of magnetoresistive element can be used.
- the thickness of the information recording layer 7 is preferably 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less. Characteristics can be secured. When the thickness of the information recording layer 7 is less than 1 nm, the magnetic properties are significantly impaired. Conversely, when the thickness of the information recording layer 7 exceeds 10 nm, the coercive force of the TMR element becomes excessive. This is because there is a possibility that it becomes practically unsuitable because of the increase.
- the information recording layer 7 is not a single layer made of a material containing the above-described element, but a laminated structure of, for example, a layer made of a material containing the above-described element and a Ni Fe layer having a small magnetization, for example.
- the total thickness of the information recording layer 7 may be more than 1 O nm.
- the thickness of the magnetization fixed layer 5 is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 6 nm or less, and the effect of the present invention is attained by being within this range. It can be obtained more reliably.
- the thickness of the fixed magnetization layer 5 is less than 0.5 nm, the magnetic properties are impaired, and when the thickness of the fixed magnetization layer exceeds 6 nm, exchange coupling with the antiferromagnetic layer 4 is performed. There is a possibility that a sufficient magnetic field cannot be obtained.
- the TMR element of the present invention is not limited to the case where each of the magnetization fixed layer 5 and the information recording layer 7 is formed of a single layer as shown in FIG.
- the magnetization fixed layer 5 has a laminated ferri structure in which a conductor layer 5c is sandwiched between a first magnetization fixed layer 5a and a second magnetization fixed layer 5b. Even in such a case, the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the first magnetization fixed layer 5 a is in contact with the antiferromagnetic layer 4, and the exchange interaction acting between these layers causes the first magnetization fixed layer 5 a to be strong. It has magnetic anisotropy in the direction.
- Examples of the material used for the conductor layer 5c having the laminated ferri structure include Ru, Cu, Cr, Au, and Ag. Since the other layers of the TMR element 10 in FIG. 3 have almost the same configuration as the TMR element 1 shown in FIG. 1, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are assigned and the detailed description is omitted. Further, the TMR element of the present invention is not limited to the layer configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, but may adopt various known layer configurations.
- the present invention provides a spin-valve magnetoresistive effect in which a pair of ferromagnetic layers sandwich a nonmagnetic conductor layer, and a magnetoresistance change is obtained by flowing a current perpendicular to the film surface. Even when applied to an element, the above-described effects can be obtained.
- the above-described magnetoresistive element such as a TMR element is suitable for use in a magnetic memory device such as an MRAM.
- a magnetic memory device such as an MRAM.
- an MRAM using the TMR element of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 4 and FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-point type MRAM array having the TMR element of the present invention.
- the MRAM array shown in the figure has a plurality of word lines WL. And a plurality of bit lines BL orthogonal to the word lines WL, and is provided at the intersection of the head line WL and the bit line BL. And a memory cell 11 in which the TMR element of the present invention is arranged. That is, in this MRAM array, 3 ⁇ 3 memory cells 11 are arranged in a matrix.
- the TMR element used in the MRAM array is not limited to the TMR element shown in FIG. 1, and the current perpendicular to the film surface, such as the TMR element 10 shown in FIG.
- any configuration may be used as long as at least one of the ferromagnetic layers contains the above-described ferromagnetic material.
- each memory cell 11 includes, for example, a transistor 16 composed of a gate electrode 13, a source region 14, and a drain region 15 on a silicon substrate 12.
- the gate electrode 13 constitutes a read-out lead line WL1.
- a write lead line WL 2 is formed via an insulating layer.
- the contact metal 17 is located in the drain area 15 of the transistor 16
- the contact metal 17 is further connected to an underlayer 18.
- the TMR element 1 of the present invention is formed on the underlayer 18 at a position corresponding to above the write word line WL2. On this TMR element 1, a bit line BL 'orthogonal to the lead lines WL1 and WL2 is formed.
- the MRAM of the present invention since one of the ferromagnetic layers constituting the ferromagnetic tunnel junction uses the TMR element 1 containing a specific element, the TMR output is It is extremely excellent and dramatically improves the stability of memory operation.
- the MRAM of the present invention uses the TMR element 1 in which the bias voltage dependence of the TMR ratio is improved, it is easy to distinguish between a low-resistance state and a high-resistance state during reading, and the error rate is reduced. I do.
- noise is reduced in the R-H curve, and the asteroid characteristic is improved, so that a write error can be reduced.
- the MRAM of the present invention can simultaneously satisfy the read characteristics and the write characteristics.
- the magnetoresistance effect element such as the TMR element of the present invention is not limited to the magnetic memory device described above, but also includes a magnetic head, a hard disk drive having the magnetic head mounted thereon, an integrated circuit chip, and the like. They can be applied to various electronic devices such as personal computers, mobile terminals, and mobile phones, and electrical devices.
- the present invention is not limited to the above description, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the MRAM includes a switching transistor and the like in addition to the TMR element.
- FIGS. The study was performed using a wafer on which only a ferromagnetic tunnel junction as shown in Fig. 7 was formed.
- the characteristic evaluation element (Test Element Group: TEG) used in the present embodiment has a word line W and a bit line BL arranged orthogonally on a substrate 21.
- the magnetoresistive element 22 is formed at the intersection of the word line WL and the bit line BL.
- the magnetoresistive element 22 formed here has an elliptical shape with a minor axis of 0.5 / im and a major axis of 1.0 m.
- terminal pads 23 and 24 are formed at both ends of the word line WL and the bit line BL, respectively.
- the word line WL and bit line BL and is electrically insulated by an insulating film 2 5 consisting of A 1 2 0 3.
- Such a TEG is produced as follows. First, a word line material is formed on the substrate 21 and masked by photolithography, and then portions other than the lead lines are selectively etched by Ar plasma to form word lines. did. At this time, the region other than the word line was etched to a depth of 5 nm in the substrate. As the substrate, a silicon substrate with a thermal oxide film (2 / zm) having a thickness of 0.6 mm was used.
- a ferromagnetic tunnel junction having the following layer configuration (1) that is, a TMR element, was formed on the word line WL by a known lithography method and etching.
- the values in parentheses indicate the film thickness.
- the composition of FeCoB constituting the information recording layer was set to Fe9Co81B10 (atomic%).
- the composition of the layer composed of Co Fe other than the information recording layer was set to Co 75 Fe 25 (atomic%).
- a metal A 1 film is first deposited to a thickness of 1 nm by a DC sputtering method, and then the flow rate ratio of oxygen / argon is set to 1: 1.
- the pressure was set to 0.1 mT orr, and the metal A 1 film was formed by plasma oxidation using ICP plasma.
- the oxidation time depends on the ICP plasma output, but was set to 30 seconds in this example.
- the film was formed by using a DC magnetron spar method.
- Sample 1 was used except that the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 22.5 Co 67.5 B 10 (atomic%). Similarly, TEG was obtained.
- the composition of the information recording layer was changed to Fe 20 Co 60 B 20 (atomic%) in the same manner as in Sample 1. TEG was obtained.
- Ferromagnetic tunnel layer structure of the joint (1) No Chi, the composition of the information recording layer, F el 7. 5 C o 5 2. 5 B 3 0 except (atomic 0/0) and the lower child Sample 1 TEG was obtained in the same manner as described above.
- Ferromagnetic layer structure of tunnel junction (1) No Chi, the composition of the information recording layer, except that the F e 3 6 C o 5 4 B 1 0 ( atom. / 0) in the same manner as sample 1 I got TEG.
- the TEG was formed in the same manner as in Sample 1, except that the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 32 Co 48 B 20 (atomic%). I got
- the TEG was made in the same manner as in Sample 1 except that the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 28 Co 42 B 30 (atomic%). I got
- TEG was obtained in the same manner as in Sample 1 except that the composition of the information recording layer was changed to Fe 25 Co 75 (atomic%) in the layer structure (1) of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction.
- TEG was obtained in the same manner as in Sample 1 except that the composition of the information recording layer of the layer configuration of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction (1) was changed to FelOCo82B8 (atomic%). .
- TEG was obtained in the same manner as in Sample 1 except that the composition of the information recording layer was changed to Co95B5 (atomic%) among the layer configuration (1) of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction.
- the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 50 Co 30 B 20 (at.%), Except that it was the same as Sample 1. TEG was obtained.
- the TMR ratio, the variation in coercive force He, the squareness ratio, and the dependence on the bias voltage were measured as follows.
- a typical magnetic memory device such as a MRAM
- information is written by reversing the magnetization of a magnetoresistive element using a current magnetic field.
- the magnetization of the magnetoresistive element is reversed by an external magnetic field.
- the TMR ratio was measured. That is, first, an external magnetic field for reversing the magnetization of the information recording layer of the TMR element was applied so as to be parallel to the axis of easy magnetization of the information recording layer.
- the magnitude of the external magnetic field for measurement was set to 500 Oe.
- the power is swept up to 50 OO e, and at the same time, the terminal pad 23 of the lead WL and the bit
- the bias voltage applied to the BL terminal pad 24 was adjusted to 100 mV, and a tunnel current was passed through the ferromagnetic tunnel junction.
- the resistance value to each external magnetic field was measured.
- the resistance value when the magnetization between the fixed magnetization layer and the information recording layer is antiparallel and the resistance is high, and the resistance when the magnetization between the fixed magnetization layer and the information recording layer is balanced and the resistance is low
- the ratio of the resistance values in the state was defined as the TMR ratio. From the viewpoint of obtaining good read characteristics, it is preferable that the TMR ratio is 45 ° / 0 or more.
- the coercive force (H e) was obtained from the R-H curve obtained from the above-described method of measuring the TMR ratio. Then, the RH curve was measured 50 times repeatedly for the same element, and the variation of the coercive force (H e) was calculated for half of the maximum resistance value and the minimum resistance value. The variation value was calculated as the average value of AHcZHc. From the viewpoint of improving the write characteristics, the variation in coercive force (H e) is 4% or less. It is preferable.
- the squareness ratio of the waveform was determined from the R-H curve.
- the ratio of (R 2 max-R 2 min) / (R 1 max-R lmin) is shown.
- the squareness ratio is preferably 0.9 or more from the viewpoint of improving the writing characteristics.
- V half is preferably greater than 55 O mV.
- Table 1 shows the compositions and thicknesses of the information recording layers of Samples 1 to 17 described above.
- Table 2 shows the results of the TMR ratio, the variation in coercive force He, the squareness ratio, and the bias voltage dependence obtained as described above.
- Sample 10 which does not contain B in both the magnetization fixed layer and the information recording layer, is a sample containing only a small amount of B in the information recording layer. 13 shows a good value only for the bias voltage dependence V half, while the TMR ratio, coercive force (H e) variation, squareness ratio and bias voltage dependence V half was inferior. This indicates that at least one ferromagnetic layer of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction contains B together with F e Co, whereby an effect of improving the write characteristics can be obtained.
- Samples 1 to 9 within the range of the alloy composition of the present invention exhibited a TMR ratio of 45% or more, and exhibited excellent TMR characteristics with a squareness ratio of 0.9 or more. Further, in Samples 1 to 9, the variation in coercive force (H e) was suppressed to 4% or less, and it can be said that the samples were magnetically very stable. In addition, since Sample 1 to Sample 9 have a high V half value of 55 OmV or more, the difference voltage of 0/1 becomes large during operation as the MRAM. But Samples 1 to 9 are excellent in both the write characteristics and the read characteristics, and can achieve an extremely small MRAM in both the write and read operations.
- Samples 10 to 17 which are out of the range of the composition of the present invention are inferior in TMR ratio, variation in coercive force (H e), squareness ratio and V half, and have poor write and read characteristics. It turns out to be inadequate.
- FIG. 8 is a ternary phase diagram of Fe, Co, and B, and is a plot of Samples 1 to 17 described above.
- the numbers in the figure represent sample numbers.
- the shaded region in FIG. 8 indicates the composition range of the present invention, that is, Fe is 5 atomic% or more and 45 atomic% or less, Co is 35 atomic% or more and 85 atomic% or less, and B is 10 atomic% or more. It is within the range of 30 atomic% or less, and Samples 1 to 9 fall within this range.
- one of the ferromagnetic layers of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction contains Fe, Co, and B, and 6 has a content of 5 atomic% or more and 45 atomic% or less and Co has a content of 3 atomic% or less. It has been found that it is preferable that the content is 5 atomic% or more and 85 atomic% or less and B is 10 atomic% or more and 30 atomic% or less.
- the TEG was fabricated in the same manner as in Sample 1 except that the layer configuration of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction was changed to the following layer configuration (2), and the compositions of the magnetization fixed layer and the information recording layer were changed. Obtained. That is, in the sample 1-8, the composition of the magnetization fixed layer, and to be within the composition range of the present invention F e 2 0 C o 6 0 B 2 0 ( atomic 0/0). The composition of the information recording layer of this sample 18 was set to Fe 45 Co 45 B 20 (atomic%). Further, in Sample 18, unlike Samples 1 to 17, the thickness of the information recording layer was set to 5 ⁇ . Ta (3 nm) / Cu (lOO nm) / PtMn (20 nm) /
- TEG was obtained in the same manner as in 18.
- the sample was made except that the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 35 Co 35 B 30 (atomic 0/0 ).
- TEG was obtained in the same manner as in 18.
- TEG was obtained in the same manner as 21.
- Ferromagnetic layer structure of tunnel junction (2) No Chi except that the composition of the information recording layer was F e 3 2 C o 4 8 B 2 0 ( atomic 0/0) in the same manner as Sample 2 1 TEG was obtained.
- sample 24> Of the layer configuration of the ferromagnetic tunnel junction (2), the sample 21 was prepared except that the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 40 Co 40 B 20 (atomic%). TEG was obtained in the same manner as described above. ⁇ Sampnore 25>
- the composition of the information recording layer is Fe 8 Co 72 B 20 (atomic%), and the thickness of the information recording layer is 1.
- TEG was obtained in the same manner as in Sample 18, except that the wavelength was 8 nm.
- the TEG was the same as in Sample 25 except that the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 20 Co 60 B 20 (atomic%). I got
- Ferromagnetic preparative layer construction of tunnel junction (2) No Chi the composition of the information recording layer in the same manner as F e 3 2 C o 4 8 B 2 0 ( atomic 0/0) than and lower child Sample 2 5 I got TEG.
- the TEG was obtained in the same manner as in Sample 28 except that the composition of the information recording layer was Fe 8 Co 72 B 20 (atomic%). Obtained.
- compositions and thicknesses of the information recording layers of Samples 18 to 30 are shown in Table 3 below.
- TM Table 4 shows the results of the R ratio, the variation of the coercive force H c, the squareness ratio, and the bias voltage dependency.
- the thickness of the information recording layer is 1.8 nm, and the thickness of the samples 25 to 27 and the information recording layer is 10.5 nm.
- Samples 28 to 30 were slightly inferior in any of the characteristics compared to Samples 18 to 24. Therefore, there is an optimal range for the thickness of the information recording layer, and is lnm to 10nm, especially 2.5nm to 7nm. Was found to be preferable.
- one of the ferromagnetic layers constituting the ferromagnetic tunnel junction contains Ni in addition to Fe, Co, and B.
- the composition of the information recording layer was set to F e 20 C o 35 N i 35 B 10 (atomic%), except that it was the same as Sample 1. I got TEG.
- the composition of the information recording layer was Fel OCo 35 Ni 35 B 20 (atomic%), except that it was the same as Sample 1. TEG was obtained.
- sample 1 was used except that the composition of the information recording layer was F e 7 Co 35 Ni 2 B 30 (atomic 0 /.). Similarly, TEG was obtained.
- the composition of the information recording layer was Fel5Co50Ni25B10 (at.%), And was the same as in Sample 1. I got TEG. ,
- the composition of the information recording layer is Fel OCo 35 Ni 35 B 20 (atomic 0/0 ), and the thickness of the information recording layer is TEG was obtained in the same manner as in Sample 1, except that the wavelength was changed to 2.5 nm.
- the composition of the information recording layer was changed to Fe 20 Co 30 Ni 30 B 20 (atomic%) in the same manner as in Sample 1. I got TEG.
- Table 5 below shows the compositions and thicknesses of the information recording layers of Samples 31 to 40 described above.
- Table 6 below shows the results of the TMR ratio, the coercive force He variation, the squareness ratio, and the bias voltage dependence obtained as described above.
- Samples 31 to 38 in which the composition ranges of Fe, Co, and B were within the proper range further contained Ni It was found that excellent write characteristics and read characteristics could be obtained even in this case.
- sample 40 which had a Ni content of 45 atomic%, caused a decrease in the TMR ratio, a decrease in the squareness ratio, and a decrease in V half. From this, it has been found that there is an optimum range for the Ni content, and it is preferable that the content be 35 atomic% or less.
- Sample 39 where the Co content is insufficient, the TMR ratio is low, so the Fe and Co contents are important as the base alloy for the ferromagnetic layer. I understood.
- the present invention it is possible to improve the MR ratio, the squareness of the RH curve, the bias voltage dependence of the MR ratio, and the variation of the coercive force. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a magnetoresistive element capable of simultaneously satisfying write characteristics and read characteristics when used in a magnetic memory device or the like.
- a magnetic memory device capable of simultaneously satisfying write characteristics and read characteristics can be realized.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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KR1020037016112A KR100989792B1 (ko) | 2002-04-09 | 2003-04-08 | 자기 저항 효과 소자 및 자기 메모리 장치 |
US10/480,242 US7315053B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2003-04-08 | Magnetoresistive effect element and magnetic memory device |
EP03745971.6A EP1494295B1 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2003-04-08 | Magnetoresistance effect element and magnetic memory device |
US11/853,294 US7700982B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2007-09-11 | Magnetoresistive effect element and magnetic memory device |
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JP2002-106926 | 2002-04-09 | ||
JP2002106926A JP4100025B2 (ja) | 2002-04-09 | 2002-04-09 | 磁気抵抗効果素子及び磁気メモリ装置 |
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US11/853,294 Division US7700982B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2007-09-11 | Magnetoresistive effect element and magnetic memory device |
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US (2) | US7315053B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1494295B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4100025B2 (ja) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1494295B1 (en) | 2013-06-05 |
KR100989792B1 (ko) | 2010-10-29 |
US7700982B2 (en) | 2010-04-20 |
US7315053B2 (en) | 2008-01-01 |
KR20040100846A (ko) | 2004-12-02 |
US20080006860A1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
JP4100025B2 (ja) | 2008-06-11 |
EP1494295A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
JP2003304010A (ja) | 2003-10-24 |
EP1494295A4 (en) | 2009-07-08 |
US20040245553A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
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