WO2003062480A1 - Procede reducteur de fabrication d'elements metalliques comme le chrome au moyen d'un creuset a paroi perforee - Google Patents
Procede reducteur de fabrication d'elements metalliques comme le chrome au moyen d'un creuset a paroi perforee Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003062480A1 WO2003062480A1 PCT/FR2003/000165 FR0300165W WO03062480A1 WO 2003062480 A1 WO2003062480 A1 WO 2003062480A1 FR 0300165 W FR0300165 W FR 0300165W WO 03062480 A1 WO03062480 A1 WO 03062480A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- crucible
- wall
- orifices
- elements
- metallic
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/10—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by solid carbonaceous reducing agents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
- F27B2014/102—Form of the crucibles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/16—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
- F27D2003/166—Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge the fluid being a treatment gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/06—Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers
- F27D2007/066—Vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
- F27M2001/03—Charges containing minerals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/16—Treatment involving a chemical reaction
- F27M2003/165—Reduction
Definitions
- the invention presents a process for manufacturing metals or metal alloys of high purity, in particular metallic chromium.
- This process can in particular involve an aluminothermic reaction in step a), this reaction being unbalanced by a defect in aluminum relative to the quantity necessary for the complete reaction.
- This process makes it possible to obtain high purity metallic chromium.
- the relative proportion of certain impurities may still appear too high for certain uses of the metal or of the alloy. This is in particular the proportion of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
- An object of the invention is to further improve the purity of the final product.
- a method for manufacturing 0 metallic elements in which treatment is carried out under conditions predetermined temperature and pressure of the metallic elements comprising non-metallic inclusions and a reducing agent so that the agent reacts on the inclusions, and in which, during the treatment, the elements are placed in a crucible having a mouth and a wall having at least one orifice.
- the Applicant has found that the presence of one or more orifices in the crucible improves the purity of the metal or of the final alloy. This is particularly the case for oxygen and carbon atoms, the relative proportions of which have been reduced on average by 56% and 70% respectively in the samples that the applicant has been able to analyze.
- the crucible is formed at least in majority of graphite * or even entirely of graphite.
- the wall is a side wall, - a majority of the orifices extends in a lower half of the wall,
- the orifices extend in the lower two thirds of the wall
- the orifices are arranged so that more than half of the total area defined by the sum of the areas of the orifices extends in a lower half of the wall, - the wall is free of orifices over at least one upper quarter from its height from the mouth,
- the ratio of the total area of the orifice (s) to the total internal volume of the crucible is between 0.5 and 1.5, preferably between 0.8 and 1.20, the or each orifice has an area between 50 and 150 mm 2 , preferably 90 and 130 mm 2 ,
- the crucible has a generally profiled shape
- - the crucible has a general shape with symmetry of revolution
- the crucible has a cylindrical shape
- the metallic elements are formed from a metal such as chromium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, manganese, niobium, tungsten and nickel or from an alloy comprising one of these metals, boron or iron,
- a metal compound is produced by means of an aluminothermic reaction between at least one metal oxide and divided aluminum and the elements are formed from this compound,
- the elements are steamed
- a crucible is also provided for the manufacture of metallic elements, having a mouth and comprising a wall having at least one orifice.
- the crucible 2 comprises a vertical side wall 4 of generally cylindrical shape with symmetry of revolution of axis 6.
- the shape of the wall is therefore essentially profiled along axis 6, the wall having a circular section in a plane perpendicular to this axis.
- the wall 4 has an outer face 8 of strictly cylindrical shape while it has an inner face 10 of slightly frustoconical shape, in slight relief, the axis 6 forming the axis of the cone and the tip of the cone extending towards the low.
- the diameter of the internal face 10 therefore narrows downwards.
- the wall 4 has a circular upper edge 12 of planar shape defining an upper mouth 14 of the crucible.
- the crucible has a flat bottom 16 closing a lower axial end of the wall opposite the mouth 14.
- the crucible has a circular shoulder 20 entering these two faces and giving the underside 18 a diameter slightly smaller than that of the mouth 14 to allow the interlocking of two crucibles one on the other when they are stacked.
- the external face 8 is started by a peripheral groove 22 with a U-shaped profile facilitating the gripping of the crucible by means of a tool.
- the crucible is formed from graphite.
- the side wall 4 in this case has a multitude of orifices 24 passing through the thickness of this wall right through to put the interior of the crucible into communication with the outside. Only a part of the orifices has been illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the orifices are distributed in several circular horizontal rows, each row extending in a plane perpendicular to the axis 6.
- the rows are here the number of 14.
- Each row here comprises 20 orifices uniformly distributed around the circumference of the wall.
- the rows follow one another at an equal distance one above the other.
- the orifices of the successive rows are arranged in staggered, each orifice in a given row forming an isosceles triangle with the two orifices closest to the upper row and / or the lower row.
- the rows follow each other evenly one above the other. They are arranged so that the orifices occupy the lower two thirds of the height of the wall 4, the upper third of this height contiguous to the mouth 14 being completely free of orifice
- the dimensions of the crucible are as follows:
- the total height is 516 mm.
- the height of the crucible from the mouth 14 to the internal face of the bottom 16 is 476 mm.
- the total diameter of the crucible is 360 mm.
- the internal diameter of the mouthpiece is 313 mm, the internal diameter of the bottom being 288 mm.
- the external diameter of the crucible at the bottom of the groove 22 is 344 mm.
- the groove 22 extends 100 mm from the upper edge 12.
- the height of the groove is 60 mm.
- the highest row of orifices extends to 20 mm below the groove 22, if we take as a reference the plane passing through the center of the orifices. By taking identical references for each row, the rows follow one another below each other with a spacing of 20 mm. The lowest row thus extends approximately 30 mm from the bottom.
- the orifices which have here a shape of conduit taking into account the thickness of the wall 4 have in this case a diameter of 12 mm. They are all identical to each other.
- the area of each opening is approximately 113 mm 2 .
- the number of orifices here being 280, the total area of the orifices formed by the sum of the areas is approximately 0.0317 m 2 .
- the total internal volume of the crucible is approximately 0.336 m 3 .
- the ratio of the total area of the orifices to the total volume of the crucible is therefore in the present case approximately 0.94.
- Chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), potassium dichromate (K 2 Cr 2 0 7 ) and divided aluminum are introduced into an ordinary crucible. Chromium oxide and potassium dichromate are present in the proportions of the aluminothermic reaction. Aluminum is present with a defect in relation to the proportion of the complete reaction. This defect can represent from 0.5% to 8% or even from 2% to 5% by weight of the stoichiometric amount.
- Step b The chromium from step a) is ground in an impact mill until a fine powder is obtained which passes entirely through a sieve of 500 micrometers of mesh opening.
- the grinder explodes the grains which release at least a good part of the non-metallic inclusions AI 2 U3 and
- This grinding is purifying and providing ventilation. This can also be produced by an additional device such as a blower which helps to evacuate some of the released non-metallic inclusions into the ambient air. A sieving step can allow another fraction of the inclusions to be removed at this stage.
- the purified chromium powder thus obtained is then intimately mixed with a reducing agent and a binder.
- a reducing agent will for example be a mixture of bakelite and an organic binder such as furfuraldehyde.
- the reducer can be formed by carbon black.
- the mixture obtained is shaped into balls or pellets by means of a conventional compacting press.
- the mixture is steamed at an adequate temperature (for example 200 ° to 230 ° C).
- Step c The balls or pellets 26 obtained are then placed in the crucible 2 and subjected to a reducing treatment under vacuum from 1100 ° to 1400 ° C of about 133.10 "4 Pa.
- the crucible is filled with balls until its mouth.
- the bakelite decomposes at a certain temperature, leaving a carbon skeleton which is added to the carbon black introduced as a reducing agent in the mixture. Once at the processing temperature, this carbon reacts on the oxygen of the Cr 2 O 3 remaining in the product but practically not on the oxygen of the alumina Al 2 0 3 .
- the vacuum is brought back to the treatment oven at 133 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 1 Pa by sweeping controlled by a non-oxidizing or reducing gas such as hydrogen. Finally, the product is allowed to cool in a neutral atmosphere.
- the impurity contents are indicated in part by millions (ppm) while the difference represents a percentage. It turns out that the presence of orifices makes it possible to reduce the oxygen atom content by approximately 56% and the carbon atom content by approximately 70%. It is likely that the presence of the orifices facilitates the circulation of the gases in the crucible during the treatment, the orifices cooperating with the mouth 14 to circulate the gases over the entire height of the crucible.
- the crucible having holes may be made of a material other than graphite.
- step a) can be carried out other than by aluminothermy, for example by silicothermal or else by reduction in an oven. electric, to obtain a metal or an alloy comprising oxidized non-metallic inclusions of the base metal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03712264A EP1468124B1 (fr) | 2002-01-21 | 2003-01-20 | Procede reducteur de fabrication d'elements metalliques comme le chrome au moyen d'un creuset a paroi perforee |
US10/502,196 US7513930B2 (en) | 2002-01-21 | 2003-01-20 | Reductive method for production of metallic elements such as chrome using a crucible with a perforated wall |
JP2003562346A JP4870906B2 (ja) | 2002-01-21 | 2003-01-20 | 穿孔された側壁のある坩堝を用いてクロムのような金属要素を還元する製造方法 |
DE60306748T DE60306748T2 (de) | 2002-01-21 | 2003-01-20 | Reduktives verfahren zur herstellung von metallischen elementen wie chrom unter verwendung eines tiegels mit einer perforierten wand |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR02/00680 | 2002-01-21 | ||
FR0200680A FR2835000B1 (fr) | 2002-01-21 | 2002-01-21 | Procede de fabrication d'elements metalliques au moyen d'un creuset |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2003062480A1 true WO2003062480A1 (fr) | 2003-07-31 |
Family
ID=27589528
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2003/000165 WO2003062480A1 (fr) | 2002-01-21 | 2003-01-20 | Procede reducteur de fabrication d'elements metalliques comme le chrome au moyen d'un creuset a paroi perforee |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7513930B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1468124B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4870906B2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100383267C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE332984T1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60306748T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2835000B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2301843C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2003062480A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2835000B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-21 | 2004-11-05 | Delachaux Sa | Procede de fabrication d'elements metalliques au moyen d'un creuset |
US7794580B2 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2010-09-14 | Materials & Electrochemical Research Corp. | Thermal and electrochemical process for metal production |
US7410562B2 (en) | 2003-08-20 | 2008-08-12 | Materials & Electrochemical Research Corp. | Thermal and electrochemical process for metal production |
JP5226700B2 (ja) * | 2007-01-22 | 2013-07-03 | マテリアルズ アンド エレクトロケミカル リサーチ コーポレイション | イン・サイチュ生成塩化チタンの金属熱還元法 |
CN101994006B (zh) * | 2009-08-21 | 2013-02-13 | 清华大学 | 还原装置及应用于还原装置的料斗 |
EP2741039A4 (fr) * | 2011-08-05 | 2015-02-25 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Creuset en graphite |
FR3081856B1 (fr) * | 2018-06-05 | 2020-11-27 | Inst Polytechnique Grenoble | Dispositif de production de silicium fondu |
KR101944524B1 (ko) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-02-01 | 한국지질자원연구원 | 금속 산화물의 환원 및 탄질화 열처리용 도가니 |
CN110170658B (zh) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-05-27 | 厦门三和超道智能科技有限公司 | 一种钢丸生产设备及其生产工艺 |
CN111795578B (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-04-16 | 湖北大江环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种节能环保型富氧侧吹熔炼炉及熔炼工艺 |
Citations (7)
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SU456053A1 (ru) * | 1972-07-31 | 1975-01-05 | Предприятие П/Я А-7697 | Тигель дл испарени материалов в вакууме |
SU909513A1 (ru) * | 1980-06-03 | 1982-02-28 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт тугоплавких металлов и твердых сплавов | Муфельна печь дл восстановлени окислов |
FR2509452A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-07 | 1983-01-14 | Traitement Sous Vide | Four pour le traitement thermique ou thermochimique de pi eces metalliques telles que des boulets de chrome |
EP0102892A1 (fr) * | 1982-08-20 | 1984-03-14 | C. Delachaux | Procédé de fabrication de métaux ou d'alliages de pureté élevée |
JPS63144194A (ja) * | 1986-12-08 | 1988-06-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 化合物半導体単結晶の製造方法と装置 |
GB2255349A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1992-11-04 | Tosoh Corp | Process for producing chromium metal |
WO2000007760A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-17 | Eramet Marietta Inc. | Affinage du chrome |
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BE791784A (fr) * | 1971-11-26 | 1973-05-23 | Fierro Esponja | Procede et appareil de reduction de minerais metalliques divises |
JPS5178727A (ja) * | 1974-12-28 | 1976-07-08 | Nippon Steel Corp | Tansofuhowagatafuerokuromuno seizohoho |
FR2311391A1 (fr) * | 1975-05-14 | 1976-12-10 | Pechiney Aluminium | Conducteurs electriques en alliages al fe obtenus par filage de grenaille |
JPS532318A (en) * | 1976-06-29 | 1978-01-11 | Nippon Steel Corp | Production of chromium pellets of high reduction rate |
US4238225A (en) * | 1979-05-03 | 1980-12-09 | Pullman Incorporated | Method of monitoring conversion of iron ore into high content pellets |
JPS58117839A (ja) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-07-13 | Nippon Steel Corp | 難還元性元素酸化物のシヤフト炉による還元方法 |
JPS5989750A (ja) * | 1982-11-11 | 1984-05-24 | Japan Metals & Chem Co Ltd | 高炭素フエロクロムの製造法 |
JPS6050129A (ja) * | 1983-08-29 | 1985-03-19 | Nippon Denko Kk | テルミット法による金属合金の製造方法 |
JPS60245713A (ja) * | 1984-05-18 | 1985-12-05 | Nippon Steel Corp | 転炉側壁貫通孔閉塞防止方法 |
JPS61177337A (ja) * | 1985-01-31 | 1986-08-09 | Nippon Jiryoku Senko Kk | 特殊鋼ダスト、スラツジ類の処理方法 |
JPS62151531A (ja) * | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-06 | Showa Denko Kk | クロム鉱石の還元方法およびその装置 |
JPS62243723A (ja) * | 1986-04-17 | 1987-10-24 | Showa Denko Kk | クロム鉱石の還元方法 |
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JPS63235436A (ja) * | 1987-03-25 | 1988-09-30 | Japan Metals & Chem Co Ltd | クロム還元ペレツトの製造方法 |
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FR2835000B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-21 | 2004-11-05 | Delachaux Sa | Procede de fabrication d'elements metalliques au moyen d'un creuset |
US7144441B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2006-12-05 | General Electric Company | Process for producing materials reinforced with nanoparticles and articles formed thereby |
-
2002
- 2002-01-21 FR FR0200680A patent/FR2835000B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-01-20 AT AT03712264T patent/ATE332984T1/de active
- 2003-01-20 DE DE60306748T patent/DE60306748T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-20 RU RU2004125592/02A patent/RU2301843C2/ru active
- 2003-01-20 CN CNB038051117A patent/CN100383267C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-20 WO PCT/FR2003/000165 patent/WO2003062480A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-20 US US10/502,196 patent/US7513930B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-20 EP EP03712264A patent/EP1468124B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-20 JP JP2003562346A patent/JP4870906B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SU456053A1 (ru) * | 1972-07-31 | 1975-01-05 | Предприятие П/Я А-7697 | Тигель дл испарени материалов в вакууме |
SU909513A1 (ru) * | 1980-06-03 | 1982-02-28 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт тугоплавких металлов и твердых сплавов | Муфельна печь дл восстановлени окислов |
FR2509452A1 (fr) * | 1981-07-07 | 1983-01-14 | Traitement Sous Vide | Four pour le traitement thermique ou thermochimique de pi eces metalliques telles que des boulets de chrome |
EP0102892A1 (fr) * | 1982-08-20 | 1984-03-14 | C. Delachaux | Procédé de fabrication de métaux ou d'alliages de pureté élevée |
JPS63144194A (ja) * | 1986-12-08 | 1988-06-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 化合物半導体単結晶の製造方法と装置 |
GB2255349A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1992-11-04 | Tosoh Corp | Process for producing chromium metal |
WO2000007760A1 (fr) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-17 | Eramet Marietta Inc. | Affinage du chrome |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 197535, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M13, AN 1975-58208W, XP002215643 * |
DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 198301, Derwent World Patents Index; Class M22, AN 1983-01904K, XP002215642 * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 012, no. 405 (C - 539) 26 October 1988 (1988-10-26) * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1639361A (zh) | 2005-07-13 |
CN100383267C (zh) | 2008-04-23 |
RU2301843C2 (ru) | 2007-06-27 |
EP1468124B1 (fr) | 2006-07-12 |
EP1468124A1 (fr) | 2004-10-20 |
ATE332984T1 (de) | 2006-08-15 |
DE60306748D1 (de) | 2006-08-24 |
FR2835000B1 (fr) | 2004-11-05 |
JP4870906B2 (ja) | 2012-02-08 |
JP2005525460A (ja) | 2005-08-25 |
DE60306748T2 (de) | 2007-07-12 |
US20050034561A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
RU2004125592A (ru) | 2005-06-10 |
FR2835000A1 (fr) | 2003-07-25 |
US7513930B2 (en) | 2009-04-07 |
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