WO2003055789A1 - Procede de fabrication d'elements de systeme microelectromecanique - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'elements de systeme microelectromecanique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003055789A1 WO2003055789A1 PCT/JP2002/013128 JP0213128W WO03055789A1 WO 2003055789 A1 WO2003055789 A1 WO 2003055789A1 JP 0213128 W JP0213128 W JP 0213128W WO 03055789 A1 WO03055789 A1 WO 03055789A1
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- side electrode
- sacrificial layer
- mems element
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C1/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C1/00436—Shaping materials, i.e. techniques for structuring the substrate or the layers on the substrate
- B81C1/00555—Achieving a desired geometry, i.e. controlling etch rates, anisotropy or selectivity
- B81C1/00611—Processes for the planarisation of structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B3/00—Devices comprising flexible or deformable elements, e.g. comprising elastic tongues or membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2201/00—Specific applications of microelectromechanical systems
- B81B2201/04—Optical MEMS
- B81B2201/042—Micromirrors, not used as optical switches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81B—MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS, e.g. MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES
- B81B2203/00—Basic microelectromechanical structures
- B81B2203/01—Suspended structures, i.e. structures allowing a movement
- B81B2203/0118—Cantilevers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0102—Surface micromachining
- B81C2201/0105—Sacrificial layer
- B81C2201/0109—Sacrificial layers not provided for in B81C2201/0107 - B81C2201/0108
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0118—Processes for the planarization of structures
- B81C2201/0119—Processes for the planarization of structures involving only addition of materials, i.e. additive planarization
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B81—MICROSTRUCTURAL TECHNOLOGY
- B81C—PROCESSES OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- B81C2201/00—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems
- B81C2201/01—Manufacture or treatment of microstructural devices or systems in or on a substrate
- B81C2201/0101—Shaping material; Structuring the bulk substrate or layers on the substrate; Film patterning
- B81C2201/0118—Processes for the planarization of structures
- B81C2201/0125—Blanket removal, e.g. polishing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrostatic drive type MEMS element. Background art.
- MEMS micromachine
- the MEMS element is formed as a fine structure on a substrate such as a silicon substrate or a glass substrate, and electrically connects a driver for outputting a mechanical driving force, and a semiconductor integrated circuit for controlling the driver, and the like. These elements are further mechanically connected.
- the basic feature of the MEMS element is that a driver configured as a mechanical structure is incorporated in a part of the element, and the driver drives the Coulomb attraction between the electrodes. It is applied electrically.
- Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 show typical configurations of optical MEMs devices that are applied to optical switches and optical modulators using light reflection and diffraction.
- An optical MEMS device 1 shown in FIG. 11 includes a substrate 2, a substrate-side electrode 3 formed on the substrate 2, and a driving-side electrode 4 arranged in parallel to the substrate-side electrode 3. 6) and a support 7 for supporting one end of the beam 6.
- the substrate 2 is, for example, a substrate in which an insulating film is formed on a semiconductor substrate such as silicon (Si) or gallium arsenide (GaAs), or a glass substrate.
- a required substrate such as an insulating substrate is used.
- the substrate-side electrode 3 is formed of a polycrystalline silicon film doped with impurities, a metal film (for example, a W vapor-deposited film), or the like.
- the beam 6 includes an insulating film 5 such as a silicon nitride film (SiN film), and a drive-side electrode 4 formed on the upper surface thereof and having a thickness of about 100 nm and also serving as a reflective film made of, for example, an A1 film. Consists of The beam 6 is formed in a so-called cantilever type, one end of which is supported by the support portion 7.
- the beam 6 is displaced by an electrostatic attraction or an electrostatic repulsion between the substrate-side electrode 3 and the substrate-side electrode 3 in accordance with the potential applied to the substrate-side electrode 3 and the drive-side electrode 4.
- the optical MEMS element 11 shown in FIG. 12 includes a substrate 12, a substrate-side electrode 13 formed on the substrate 12, and a beam 14 that straddles the substrate-side electrode 13 in a pledge shape. .
- the beam 14 and the substrate-side electrode 13 are electrically insulated by a gap 8 therebetween.
- the beam 14 crosses the substrate-side electrode 3 in the form of a prism, and stands on the substrate 12, for example.
- the driving electrode 16 is provided in parallel on the bridge member 15 and also serves as a reflection film made of, for example, an Al film having a thickness of about 100 nm.
- the substrate 12, the substrate-side electrode 13, the beam 14, and the like can have the same configuration and material as described with reference to FIG. 11.
- the beam 14 is formed as a so-called doubly supported beam with both ends supported.
- the beam 14 is displaced by an electrostatic attraction or an electrostatic repulsion between the substrate-side electrode 13 and the substrate-side electrode 13 according to the potential applied to the substrate-side electrode 3 and the drive-side electrode 4.
- These optical MEMS elements 1 and 11 irradiate light onto the surfaces of the driving electrodes 4 and 16 which also serve as a light reflecting film, and reflect the light in accordance with the driving positions of the beams 4 and 14. Utilizing the difference between the two, it can be applied as an optical switch that has a switch function by detecting reflected light in one direction.
- optical MEMS elements 1 and 11 can be applied as an optical modulation element for modulating light intensity.
- beams 4 and 14 are vibrated to modulate light intensity with the amount of reflected light in one direction per unit time.
- This light modulation element is what is called time modulation.
- a plurality of beams 6 and 14 are arranged in parallel with respect to the common substrate-side electrodes 3 and 13 to form a light modulation element, and the common substrate-side electrodes 3 and 13 are used.
- the height of the drive-side electrode which also functions as a light reflection film, is changed by the approach and separation of every other beam 6, 14 with respect to, and the intensity of the light reflected by the drive-side electrode due to the diffraction of light is changed. Modulate.
- This light modulation element is a so-called spatial modulation.
- the GLV device 21 has a common substrate side made of a refractory metal such as a W thin film or its nitride film or a polycrystalline silicon thin film on an insulating substrate 22 such as a glass substrate.
- electrodes 2 3 is formed, a plurality across the pre-Tsu-shape cross on the substrate-side electrode 2 3, six beams 2 4 [2 4! in this example, 2 4 2 2 4 3 2 4 4, 2 4 5, 2 4 s], which are arranged in parallel.
- the configurations of the substrate-side electrodes 23 and the beams 24 are the same as those described with reference to FIG. That is, as shown in FIG.
- the beam 24 has a film thickness of 1 on the surface parallel to the substrate-side electrode 23 of the bridge member 25 made of, for example, a SiN film.
- a reflective film / drive-side electrode 26 of an Al film of about 100 nm is formed.
- the beam 24 composed of the prism member 25 and the reflective film / drive electrode 26 provided thereon is a portion commonly called a ribbon.
- the aluminum film (A1 film) used as the reflection film and the drive electrode 26 of the beam 24 is (1) a metal that can be relatively easily formed, and (2) the metal film in the visible light region. Small wavelength dispersion of reflectivity; (3)
- A1 Use a metal that is preferred as a material for optical parts because the alumina natural oxide film formed on the film surface serves as a protective film to protect the reflective surface.
- the SiN film (silicon nitride film) constituting the bridge member 25 is a SiN film formed by a low pressure CVD method, and has physical values such as strength and elastic constant. However, it has been selected as appropriate for the mechanical drive of the bridge member 25.
- the GLV device 21 has multiple beams for the substrate side electrode 23.
- the height of the light-reflecting film / drive-side electrode 26 is alternately changed by the proximity and separation operations of 24 (that is, the operations of approaching and separating every other beam), and by the diffraction of light (6 One light spot is irradiated on the entire beam 24), and modulates the intensity of light reflected by the driving electrode 26.
- the mechanical properties of a beam driven by using electrostatic attraction and electrostatic repulsion are almost determined by the physical properties of a SiN film formed by a CVD method or the like. Role is the main.
- the substrate-side electrode in the MEMS element is formed on an insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate such as silicon or GaAs as described above, or on an insulating substrate such as a glass substrate.
- the electrode material a polycrystalline silicon film / metal film doped with impurities is used. However, since these electrode materials have a crystalline structure,
- Irregularities occur on the surface.
- controlling the surface roughness RMS (square root mean square) according to AFM (atomic force microscope) analysis strictly controls the temperature in the manufacturing process. It is known that surface irregularities of 20 nm or more can be easily generated after a normal film forming method and a conventional semiconductor manufacturing process. The degree depends on the material and the forming method.
- the surface irregularities are unlikely to be a major problem in terms of electrical characteristics and operating characteristics of the MEMS device, but have often been a problem particularly when manufacturing an optical MEMS device. That is, the substrate-side electrode of the optical MEMS element described above is often located below the drive-side electrode that also serves as a light reflection film. In this case, in the manufacturing process, the surface irregularities of the lower layer film are sequentially transferred to the upper layer film, and the optically important film surface in the uppermost layer has the driving side electrode having the enlarged and transferred surface irregularities. That is, a reflective film is formed.
- One of the manufacturing methods of MEMS devices is to create a multilayer structure by repeating lamination and processing of thin films, and then selectively remove one of the multilayer structure films to form a substrate-side electrode and beam.
- This is a manufacturing method that creates a so-called hollow structure with a gap between them. This method is shown in FIG.
- This example is a case where the present invention is applied to the manufacture of the MEMS element 1 shown in FIG. 11 described above.
- insulating film 9 such as the upper surface, for example silicon substrate 8, for example, polycrystalline sheet
- a sacrifice layer 18 for forming a void is formed on the surface including the substrate-side electrode 3.
- a silicon nitride (SiN) film 5 serving as a beam and a drive-side electrode material layer such as aluminum ( A 1) Form the film 4 ′.
- the silicon nitride film 5 and the aluminum film 4 are patterned through a resist mask 19 to form a beam 6 composed of the silicon nitride film 5 and an aluminum driving electrode 4.
- the sacrificial layer 18 is removed to form a gap 8 between the substrate-side electrode 3 and the beam 6, and the MEMS element 1 is manufactured.
- each film alone is used.
- R max (a), R max (b), and R max (c) be the maximum values of the observed surface irregularities of, and when a three-layer laminated film is formed, The sum of the maximum values is the amount of surface irregularities that can occur.
- the reflectance of the A 1 film should be 92% with the ideal bulk A 1 film.
- the reflectivity may degrade by several percent or more, and only about 85% may be obtained.
- the surface is cloudy Sometimes it looks like it's gone.
- FIG. 15 enlarged view of a main part of a driving part
- such an optical MEMS element has a surface of the polycrystalline silicon film when the substrate-side electrode 3 is formed of polycrystalline silicon.
- the light reflectivity is transferred to the surface of the driving electrode (A1 film) 4 that composes the beam (A1 / 'SIN laminated film) 6 by expanding the unevenness of the beam, and the driving electrode is mirrored. Deteriorates.
- the resonance frequency of a MEMS vibrator that is, the resonance frequency of a beam
- the resonance frequency of a MEMS vibrator is designed based on the mass of vibration, the tension of the film at each part supporting the drive unit, and the like. At present, it is calculated and designed using physical property values.
- a hemisphere a of 0.3 ⁇ m is present on the substrate-side electrode 3
- a sacrificial layer 18 of 0.5 ⁇ m is deposited thereon, and so on.
- a hemisphere b having a diameter of 1.3 m is formed, and the beam 6 is further deposited thereon, and the surface irregularities of the beam 6 are enlarged.
- the unevenness of the substrate-side electrode surface causes not only the surface roughness of the beam but also the variation of the intrinsic parameters of the MEMS element such as the resonance frequency. Disclosure of the invention
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a MEMS device in which a beam surface is flattened, a beam shape variation is reduced, and performance is improved and performance uniformity is improved.
- a method for manufacturing a MEMS element according to the present invention includes the steps of: forming a substrate-side electrode on a substrate; forming a fluid film on the substrate-side electrode; and forming a sacrificial layer on the flattened surface of the fluid film. Forming, forming a beam having a driving electrode on the sacrificial layer, and removing the sacrificial layer.
- the method for manufacturing a MEMS element comprises the steps of: forming a substrate-side electrode on a substrate; forming a sacrificial layer on the substrate-side electrode with or without a protective film; Forming a flowable film, forming a beam having a driving electrode on the flattened surface of the flowable film, and removing a sacrificial layer.
- a glass substrate film can be used.
- the silicate glass film is formed of a silicate glass film containing phosphorus, boron, or both, and a heat treatment is performed after the deposition of the silicate glass film to flatten the surface of the silicate glass film. .
- the silicate glass film can be formed by a silicon oxide film by a CVD method using ozone and alkoxysilane as raw materials.
- a fluid film is formed on the substrate-side electrode, and a sacrificial layer and a beam are formed on the flattened surface of the fluid film. Since they are sequentially deposited, the beam surface becomes a flat surface without irregularities. Thereafter, since the sacrificial layer is removed, a beam having a driving-side electrode having a flattened surface can be formed with a required gap with respect to the substrate-side electrode.
- a substrate is provided on a substrate.
- a sacrificial layer is formed on the substrate-side electrode with or without a protective film, and then a fluid film is formed on the sacrificial layer, and the flattened surface of the fluid film is formed. Since a beam is formed thereon, the beam surface becomes a flat surface without irregularities. Thereafter, since the sacrificial layer is removed, a beam having a driving-side electrode having a flattened surface can be formed with a required gap with respect to the substrate-side electrode.
- a flowable film is formed before or after the sacrificial layer is deposited, and an insulating beam is formed on the flattened film by the fluidization of the flowable film. Since the film and the drive-side electrode are formed, a beam whose surface is finally flattened can be formed. Therefore, the uniformity of the beam film can be obtained, the variation in the film shape of the beam can be reduced, and the physical properties of the beam do not greatly change. In addition, since the unevenness of the beam surface can be eliminated and the variation in the vibration characteristics of the beam can be reduced, the uniformity of the performance of the MEMS element can be improved, and the mass production of high-quality MEMS elements can be realized.
- the MEMS element manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present invention is applied to an optical MEMS element utilizing light reflection or diffraction, for example, an optical switch or an optical modulation element, etc.
- the light reflecting film is used.
- the light reflectance at the drive-side electrode, which is also used as the electrode, is improved, and the light use efficiency as an optical MEMS device can be improved.
- FIGS. 1A to 1C are manufacturing process diagrams (part 1) showing one embodiment of a method for manufacturing a typical electrostatic drive type MEMS device according to the present invention.
- FIGS. 2A to 2C are manufacturing process diagrams (part 2) showing one embodiment of a method for manufacturing a typical electrostatic drive type MEMS device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG. 2D
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG. 2F
- 4A to 4C are manufacturing process diagrams (part 1) showing another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a typical electrostatic drive type MEMS device according to the present invention.
- 5A and 5B are manufacturing process diagrams (part 2) showing another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a typical electrostatic drive type MEMs element according to the present invention.
- 6A to 6C are manufacturing process diagrams (part 1) showing another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a typical electrostatic drive type MEMS device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7A and 7B are manufacturing process diagrams (part 2) showing another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a typical electrostatic drive type MEMS device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8A is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG. 4C
- FIG. 8B is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG. 5E.
- FIG. 9A is a layout diagram of a mask applied to the formation of a fluid film of the present invention
- FIG. 9B is a cross-sectional view thereof.
- FIGS. 1A to 1D are manufacturing process diagrams showing one embodiment of a method for manufacturing another typical electrostatic drive type MEMS device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows a typical example of an optical MEMS element used for a conventional explanation.
- FIG. 12 shows another typical example of the optical MEMs element used for the conventional explanation.
- FIG. 13A is a configuration diagram showing a conventional GLV device
- FIG. 13B is a cross-sectional view thereof.
- 14A to 14D are manufacturing process diagrams showing a method for manufacturing a conventional electrostatic drive type MEMS device.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing unevenness of a driving electrode of a conventional optical MEMS element.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the unevenness of the lower layer is enlarged and transferred to the upper layer.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a film shape of a beam obtained by a conventional manufacturing method.
- Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing the shape of a beam film obtained by a conventional manufacturing method.
- FIG. 1 to 3 show one embodiment of a method for manufacturing a MEMS device of the present invention. This example is a case where the present invention is applied to the manufacture of a typical electrostatic drive type MEMS element.
- a substrate-side electrode 34 is formed on a substrate, in this example, a substrate 31 in which an insulating film 33 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 32.
- the semiconductor substrate 3 for example, silicon (S i) a substrate, can be used gully um arsenide (G a A s) substrate, or the like, the insulating film 3 3, shea Li Gong oxide (S i 0 2) film, It can be formed by a silicon nitride (SiN) film or the like.
- the substrate-side electrode 34 can be formed of a polycrystalline silicon film doped with an impurity, a metal film, or the like. In this example, the substrate-side electrode 34 is formed of a polycrystalline silicon film doped with an impurity.
- the surface 34a of the substrate-side electrode 34 made of a polycrystalline silicon film has significant irregularities as shown in FIG. 3A.
- a fluid film 35 whose surface is flattened by fluidization is formed on the entire surface including the substrate-side electrode 34.
- This fluid film 35 can be formed as follows.
- a silicon oxide film doped with phosphorus or boron, or both (phosphorus and boron) a so-called PSG (phosphorus silicon glass) film, a BSG (boron silicon film) (Liquid glass) film, or PBSG (phosphorus boron silicate glass) or film is formed by CVD (chemical vapor deposition).
- the concentration of phosphorus and boron to be introduced can be set to about 7 wt%, respectively.Each of them can be obtained by doping a single substance, or the above-mentioned silicate glass film having both doped. .
- the fluid film 35 of the silicate glass film of such an impurity dope After forming the fluid film 35 of the silicate glass film of such an impurity dope, it is fluidized by annealing at a temperature of 75 ° C. or more, and the surface of the fluid film 35 is smoothed.
- Become The CVD is performed by a hot-wall type CVD using 50 cc / min of silane gas and 100 cc / min of N2 gas as reaction gases.
- PH 3 is used as a material for doping phosphorus
- B 2 H 6 is used as a material for doping boron.
- the annealing can be performed, for example, at 850 ° (for 30 minutes) in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.
- the silicate glass film as the fluid film 35 can be formed by a silicon oxide film by a CVD method using ozone and alkoxysilane as raw materials.
- a silicon oxide film is formed by a normal pressure CVD method using TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) and ozone as raw materials.
- the film formation conditions were as follows: flow rate of TEOS: 40 cc / min, ozone: about 350 cc / min, oxygen and diluted nitrogen for transporting ozone, and substrate temperature of 35 cc. Set to about 0 ° C.
- a film is formed while being fluidized, and the surface is already smoothed in a state where a fluid film 35 is formed.
- This silicate glass film can be formed by a non-doped film or an impurity-doped film (for example, a BSG film or a PSG film).
- a non-doped film or an impurity-doped film for example, a BSG film or a PSG film.
- fluid film 35 of silicon co Do that the supporting portion on the top surface down nitride (S i N) film, silicon oxide (S i 0 2) film of an insulating film,
- a silicon nitride film is formed by a CVD method or the like, and is patterned to form a support portion 36 of the silicon nitride film at a position away from the substrate-side electrode 34.
- a sacrificial layer for forming voids in this example, an amorphous silicon layer 37 is formed on the entire surface, and an amorphous silicon layer 37 is formed so as to be flush with the surface of the support portion 36.
- the silicon layer 37 is etched back.
- the sacrificial layer 37 may be made of an amorphous silicon film, a photo resist film, or an insulating film that forms a beam, which will be described later.
- An insulating film for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, or the like) can be used.
- the present invention can achieve a flattened lower electrode / film. Care must be taken because the effect of the fluid membrane may be lost.
- PT / JP02 / 13128 Next, on the entire surface including the support portion 36 and the amorphous silicon layer 37 as a sacrificial layer, for example, an insulating film such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxide film. A silicon nitride film 38 is formed, and a driving-side electrode material layer 39 ', in this example, an A1 material layer is formed thereon.
- Figure 3A shows the enlarged main part.
- the drive-side electrode material layer may be a silver Ag film, an A1 film containing aluminum (A1) as a main component, or a high melting point metal such as titanium Ti, tungsten W, molybdenum M0, and tantalum Ta. A film or the like can be used.
- a resist mask 40 is formed, and the driving-side electrode material layer 39 ′ and the silicon nitride film 38 thereunder are selectively formed through the resist mask 40. Then, a beam 41 composed of a driving-side electrode (A1 electrode) 39 and a silicon nitride film 38 supported by the supporting portion 36 after etching is formed.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 37 as a sacrificial layer is removed by, for example, gas etching using XeF 2 gas, and the substrate side electrode 34 (substantially a fluid film) is removed.
- An air gap 42 is formed between 35 5) and the beam 41 to obtain the desired electrostatic MEMS element 43 in which the beam 41 is configured in a cantilever manner.
- FIG. 3B shows the main part including the expanded beam 41.
- This MEMS element 43 has a flat surface fluid film 35 also serving as a protective film on the surface of the substrate-side electrode 34 with significantly unevenness, and the surface is separated from the fluid film 35 by a required gap 42. And a beam 41 having a flattened back surface facing the fluid film.
- the fluid film 35 was formed, and the surface 35 a was planarized.
- the surface of the sacrificial layer 37, the silicon nitride film 38 forming the beam, and the driving-side electrode material layer 39 'on the fluid film 35 in this order, the surface of the sacrificial layer 37, the silicon
- the surface of the A1 film reflects only the irregularities due to the crystal grains of the A1 film. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3B, a beam 41 having good flatness is formed.
- uniformity of the film of the beam 41 can be obtained, and variations in the film shape of the beam can be reduced, and the physical properties of the beam do not greatly change. It is possible to obtain a MEMS element that does not fluctuate in the entire beam film.
- the uniformity of the performance of the MEMS element can be improved, and mass production of the high-quality MEMS element 43 can be achieved. Is enabled.
- the MEMS element 43 manufactured in the present embodiment is applied to an optical MEMS element using reflection or diffraction of light, for example, an optical switch or an optical modulation element.
- the light reflectance of the drive-side electrode 39 also used as a reflection film is improved, and the light use efficiency as an optical MEMS element can be improved.
- the support portion 36 is formed by patterning. Yet another method of forming the support portion will be described. 4 to 5 show another embodiment of a method for manufacturing a MEMS device of the present invention employing this method.
- a patterned substrate-side electrode 34 is formed on a substrate 31 on which an insulating film 33 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 32. Then, a fluid film 35 is deposited on the substrate-side electrode 34. Next, for example, an amorphous silicon film 50 serving as a sacrificial layer is deposited on the entire surface of the flattened substrate. Next, as shown in FIG. 4B, a predetermined portion of the amorphous silicon film 50, that is, a portion corresponding to a support portion (post: post) supporting a beam to be formed later is opened. A hole 51 is formed.
- an insulating film (for example, a silicon nitride film) 38 and a driving electrode on the amorphous silicon film 50 including the inside of the opening 51 are formed.
- An A1ZSiN laminated film composed of a material layer (for example, A1 material) 39 ' is formed.
- the A 1 / SIN laminated film formed on the side wall of the aperture 51 becomes a support 52 that supports the beam as it is, that is, a column or prism post having a hollow center.
- the A1ZSIN laminated film is patterned by the silicon nitride film 38 and the amorphous silicon film 39 'to form the silicon nitride film 38 and the A beam 41 composed of the driving-side electrode 39 is formed.
- the amorphous silicon film serving as the sacrificial layer is removed to obtain a target MEMS element 44 as shown in FIG. 5B.
- the beam 41 in the negative direction from the support portion 52 is extended,
- a so-called cantilever MEMS structure can be obtained.
- the MEMS element 44 manufactured in the present embodiment is also suitably applied to an optical MEMS element used for, for example, an optical switch, an optical modulation element, etc., similarly to the above-described MEMS element 43.o
- FIG. 6A a substrate 31 in which an insulating film 33 such as a silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) film is formed on a silicon semiconductor substrate 32 in this example,
- the side electrodes 34 are formed.
- the substrate-side electrode 34 is formed of a polycrystalline silicon film or metal film doped with impurities. In this example, it is formed of a polycrystalline silicon film doped with impurities.
- the surface 34a of the substrate-side electrode 34 made of a polycrystalline silicon film has significant irregularities as shown in FIG. 8A.
- the substrate 3 1 silicon nitride (S i N) film serving as a supporting portion on the surface silicon oxide (S i 0 2) film of an insulating film, in this example a silicon nitrided film formed by a CVD method or the like, Patterning to form a support part 36 made of silicon nitride film at a position away from the substrate side electrode 34 o
- a sacrificial layer for forming voids in this example, a polycrystalline silicon layer 37 is formed on the entire surface, and the polycrystalline silicon layer 37 is etched so as to be flush with the surface of the support portion 36.
- the sacrificial layer 37 may be an amorphous silicon film, a photo resist film, or an insulating film constituting a beam, which will be described later, and an amorphous silicon film, a photo resist film, or an etching film in addition to the polycrystalline silicon film. Insulating films having different rates (for example, a silicon oxide film, a silicon nitride film, etc.) can be used.
- the conductive film 35 is formed.
- the fluid film 35 is formed by forming a silicate glass film (for example, a BSG film, a PSG film, a PBSG film, etc.) doped with impurities as described above, and then subjecting the film to annealing. It can be formed of a silicon film by a CVD method using alkoxysilane as a raw material.
- An insulating film such as a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxide film, for example, a silicon nitride film 38 in this example is formed on the fluid film 35, and a drive-side electrode material layer 39 ′ is further formed thereon.
- an A1 material layer is formed.
- FIG. 8A shows the enlarged main part.
- an Ag film an A1 film containing aluminum (A1) as a main component, or a high-melting-point metal film such as titanium Ti, tungsten W, molybdenum M0, or indium Ta is used. Can be.
- a resist mask 40 is formed, and the drive-side electrode material layer 39 ′ and the silicon nitride film 38 under the resist mask 40 are formed through the resist mask 40.
- the film 35 is selectively etched away to form a beam 41 composed of a driving-side electrode (A1 electrode) 39 and a silicon nitride film 38 supported by the support portion 36.
- the beam 41 is formed of a three-layer film of the driving electrode 39, the silicon nitride film 38, and the fluid film 35.
- the polycrystalline silicon layer 37 as a sacrificial layer is removed.
- the sacrificial layer 37 is formed of polycrystalline silicon, it can be easily removed by using gas etching with XeF 2 gas as described above.
- a gap 42 is formed between the substrate-side electrode 34 (effectively, the protective film 46) and the beam 41, and the beam is formed in a cantilever manner.
- An electrostatic MEMS element 47 is obtained.
- FIG. 8B shows the main part including the expanded beam 41. In this MEMS element 47, the front surface and the back surface facing the fluid film were flattened by a required gap 42 from the substrate side electrode 34 (substantially the protective film 46) with significant unevenness. It is configured to have a beam 41.
- the flowable film 35 on the lower surface of the beam 41 may be left as in this example depending on the usage mode. it can.
- the fluid film 35 can be removed using a dilute hydrofluoric acid solution, and then dried by supercritical drying to form the beam 41 with the two-layer film of the driving electrode 39 and the silicon nitride film 38.
- the substrate side electrode 34 is formed of polycrystalline silicon
- the sacrificial layer 37 is formed of silicon, so that the surface of the substrate side electrode 34 is provided with a protective layer 46 also serving as an etching stopper.
- the protective layer 46 can be omitted depending on the material of the sacrificial layer 37.
- the lower surface of the fluid film 35 facing the substrate-side electrode 34 and the upper surface of the substrate-side electrode 34 The irregularities on the surface of the insulating film 46 are shown in a conceptual view as if they were combined.However, when polycrystalline silicon is used for the sacrificial layer thin film material, for example, the polycrystalline silicon has its own particle size distribution. However, the fluid film 35 has a large and undulating structure on the lower surface.
- the fluid film 35 is formed.
- a silicon nitride film 38 and a driving-side electrode material layer 39 ′ that sequentially form the beam on the fluid film 35 with the flattened surface 35 a, the same as in the previous embodiment.
- the surface of the silicon nitride film 38 and the surface of the drive-side electrode material layer 39 ' are flattened, and finally, the beam 41 having the flattened surface can be formed.
- the uniformity of the film of the beam 41 can be obtained, the variation in the film shape of the beam can be reduced, and the physical property value of the beam does not greatly change. It is possible to obtain a MEMS element having no fluctuation over the entire film of the beam. In addition, since the surface unevenness of the beam 41 can be eliminated and the variation of the frequency of the beam 41 can be reduced, the uniformity of the performance of the MEMS element can be improved, and mass production of the high-quality MEMS element 43 can be realized. enable.
- the MEMS element 47 manufactured in the present embodiment can be used as a light switch or a light modulation element using light reflection or diffraction, for example.
- the light reflectance of the driving electrode 39 used also as a light reflection film is improved, and the light use efficiency as an optical MEMS element can be improved.
- the fluid film 35 according to the present invention may be formed at least under a portion corresponding to the beam 41 at least. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, a resist mask 51 is formed in order to form the fluid film 35 on a portion corresponding to the beam 41 including on the substrate-side electrode 34. 52 The part 2 is an opening. By using this resist pattern to etch the fluid film 35 so as to cover the driving electrode 34, the cross-sectional structure of FIG. 9B is obtained. Thus, the beam 41 having the driving-side electrode 39 having a flat surface can be formed.
- the beam is applied to the manufacture of the MEMS element of the cantilever type.
- the beam shown in FIG. 12 described above can also be applied to the manufacture of the MEMS element of the prism type. .
- FIG. 10 shows the M E using the method of the present invention in which the beam is doubly supported.
- a substrate-side electrode 34 made of, for example, polycrystalline silicon is formed on a substrate, in this example, a substrate 31 in which an insulating film 33 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 32.
- a fluid film 35 whose surface is flattened by fluidization as described above is formed on the substrate 31 including the substrate-side electrode 34.
- a sacrificial layer 37 for void formation is selectively formed on the flattened fluid film 35 so as to correspond to the position of the substrate-side electrode 34.
- the insulating film such as the silicon nitride film 38 and the driving-side electrode material 39 such as the A1 film include the sacrificial layer 37 and the fluid film 35.
- a doubly supported beam 54 composed of a side electrode 36 and a silicon nitride film 38 serving as a lower portion of the side electrode is formed.
- the sacrificial layer 37 is removed, and a gap 55 is formed between the substrate-side electrode (substantially a fluid film) 34 and the beam 54. Then, an objective electrostatic drive type MEMS element 56 in which the beam 54 is formed in a pledged shape is obtained.
- a MEMs element in which the beam is a doubly supported beam can also be manufactured using the steps shown in FIGS.
- the method of manufacturing the MEMs element shown in FIG. 10 also has the same effect as the above-described embodiment.
- the method for manufacturing the MEMS device of the present invention can be applied to the manufacture of the above-mentioned GLV device 21 although not shown.
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02805883A EP1460036A4 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-12-16 | MEMS ELEMENT METHOD |
US10/468,757 US6838304B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-12-16 | MEMS element manufacturing method |
KR10-2003-7011044A KR20040070432A (ko) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-12-16 | 초소형 전기적·기계적 복합체소자의 제조방법 |
US10/961,162 US6946315B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2004-10-12 | Manufacturing methods of MEMS device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2001394881A JP3770158B2 (ja) | 2001-12-26 | 2001-12-26 | Mems素子の製造方法 |
JP2001-394881 | 2001-12-26 |
Related Child Applications (2)
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US10468757 A-371-Of-International | 2002-12-16 | ||
US10/961,162 Continuation US6946315B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2004-10-12 | Manufacturing methods of MEMS device |
Publications (1)
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WO2003055789A1 true WO2003055789A1 (fr) | 2003-07-10 |
Family
ID=19188915
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/JP2002/013128 WO2003055789A1 (fr) | 2001-12-26 | 2002-12-16 | Procede de fabrication d'elements de systeme microelectromecanique |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US6838304B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1460036A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3770158B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20040070432A (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI223642B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2003055789A1 (ja) |
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WO2005043573A3 (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-07-14 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | A method of manufacturing an electronic device and electronic device |
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JP2007144569A (ja) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Chemitoronics Co Ltd | マイクロ構造体等の滑面処理方法及びmems素子 |
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US7998775B2 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2011-08-16 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Silicon undercut prevention in sacrificial oxide release process and resulting MEMS structures |
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JP5463961B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-04 | 2014-04-09 | 富士通株式会社 | Memsデバイスの製造方法およびmemsデバイス |
US8278919B2 (en) | 2010-08-11 | 2012-10-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | MEMS oscillating magnetic sensor and method of making |
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US8975193B2 (en) | 2011-08-02 | 2015-03-10 | Teledyne Dalsa Semiconductor, Inc. | Method of making a microfluidic device |
JP2014107890A (ja) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-06-09 | Panasonic Corp | エレクトレット素子およびそれを用いた振動発電器 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20040077119A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
JP2003200395A (ja) | 2003-07-15 |
EP1460036A4 (en) | 2006-08-02 |
US6838304B2 (en) | 2005-01-04 |
EP1460036A1 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
JP3770158B2 (ja) | 2006-04-26 |
US20050085000A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
US6946315B2 (en) | 2005-09-20 |
KR20040070432A (ko) | 2004-08-09 |
TW200307643A (en) | 2003-12-16 |
TWI223642B (en) | 2004-11-11 |
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