WO2003054631A1 - Verfahren zur optimierung der abbildungseigenschaften von mindestens zwei optischen elementen sowie photolithographisches fertigungsverfahren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur optimierung der abbildungseigenschaften von mindestens zwei optischen elementen sowie photolithographisches fertigungsverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003054631A1 WO2003054631A1 PCT/EP2002/011030 EP0211030W WO03054631A1 WO 2003054631 A1 WO2003054631 A1 WO 2003054631A1 EP 0211030 W EP0211030 W EP 0211030W WO 03054631 A1 WO03054631 A1 WO 03054631A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- polarization
- optical
- optical element
- optical elements
- dependent
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/70591—Testing optical components
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70216—Mask projection systems
- G03F7/70258—Projection system adjustments, e.g. adjustments during exposure or alignment during assembly of projection system
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/70483—Information management; Active and passive control; Testing; Wafer monitoring, e.g. pattern monitoring
- G03F7/7055—Exposure light control in all parts of the microlithographic apparatus, e.g. pulse length control or light interruption
- G03F7/70566—Polarisation control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/70—Microphotolithographic exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/708—Construction of apparatus, e.g. environment aspects, hygiene aspects or materials
- G03F7/7095—Materials, e.g. materials for housing, stage or other support having particular properties, e.g. weight, strength, conductivity, thermal expansion coefficient
- G03F7/70958—Optical materials or coatings, e.g. with particular transmittance, reflectance or anti-reflection properties
- G03F7/70966—Birefringence
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S359/00—Optical: systems and elements
- Y10S359/90—Methods
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for optimizing the imaging properties of at least two optical elements according to the preamble of claim 1 and a photolithographic production method.
- the birefringence distribution of lenses within a projection lens of a projection exposure system is determined as a polarization-dependent disturbance variable.
- the lenses are then selected and arranged within the projection lens in such a way that there is a total birefringence, the amount of which for each optical path through the projection lens falls below a predetermined limit value.
- the total birefringence is made up of the sum of all birefringences of the individual lenses measured.
- the method according to the invention is based on the following findings:
- Polarization-dependent and polarization-independent disturbance variables generally contribute to the overall disturbance variable.
- Polarization-dependent disturbance variables can be divided into intrinsically present polarization-dependent disturbance variables such as intrinsic birefringence, which also occurs with homogeneous and stress-free material, into polarization-dependent disturbance variables occurring due to external effects such as voltage birefringence and into polarization-dependent disturbance variables occurring due to internal material inhomogeneities due to birefringence Crystal defects, especially due to the formation of domains in the material.
- intrinsic birefringence which also occurs with homogeneous and stress-free material
- polarization-dependent disturbance variables occurring due to external effects such as voltage birefringence and into polarization-dependent disturbance variables occurring due to internal material inhomogeneities due to birefringence Crystal defects, especially due to the formation of domains in the material.
- the polarization-dependent disturbance variables mean that light rays from orthogonal polarizations are imaged at different locations. At the same time, polarization effects can cause the individual polarization components to experience different aberrations.
- the above-mentioned EP 1 063 684 AI takes into account a polarization-dependent disturbance variable, namely birefringence, ignores other disturbance variables when optimizing the arrangement of the optical components with respect to one another, which can result in avoidable error amounts for the overall imaging error.
- a polarization-dependent disturbance variable namely birefringence
- both the polarization-dependent and the polarization-independent disturbance variables are taken into account when calculating the target position.
- the optical elements can be modeled precisely and completely with regard to their imaging properties.
- the polarization-dependent disturbance variable according to claim 2 takes into account the influence of internal voltages in the optical materials. These internal stresses may have been frozen in the material during the manufacturing process or may occur due to the mechanical holder (holder) of the optical element. The consideration of the stress birefringence improves the optimization of the imaging properties even with optical elements that have no intrinsic stress birefringence.
- claim 3 can make a further measurement of polarization-dependent disturbance variables superfluous, since the intrinsic birefringence can be calculated after determining the crystal axis position.
- a relatively simple degree of freedom of movement that can be realized without major interventions in the holder of the optical element is the rotatability of the at least one optical element.
- the effects of the displacement of an optical element which can be linearly displaced according to claim 5 on the imaging properties of the at least two optical elements can be predicted precisely, for example by means of optical design programs, which facilitates the calculation of the target position.
- Centering errors in particular, can be compensated with an optical element which can be displaced according to claim 6.
- a tiltable optical element according to claim 7 allows e.g. an alignment of the crystal axes of the optical element relative to the optical axis of an overall optical system, which comprises the at least two optical elements.
- a determination of the polarization-dependent disturbance variable leads to the fact that the contributions of the voltage birefringence, which are based on the version, are also taken into account when determining the polarization-dependent disturbance variable. This increases the precision of the optimization process.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a photolithographic manufacturing process with improved optical quality.
- FIG. 1 shows a projection exposure system for microlithography
- FIG. 2 shows a section through a block of a single crystal as the starting material for a lens of a projection optics of the projection exposure system from
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the intrinsic birefringence of an optical plate of the projection optics of the projection exposure system from FIG. 1 which is produced from a single crystal;
- FIG. 4 shows a coordinate system for defining an opening angle and an azimuth angle for
- FIG. 5 shows the course of the intrinsic birefringence of the optical disk of FIG. 3 as a function of the azimuth angle.
- a projection exposure system denoted overall by 1 in FIG. 1, is used to transfer a structure from a mask 2 to one not shown in FIG. put wafers.
- a light source 3 for example an F ? Laser with a wavelength of 157 nm generates a projection light bundle 4. For shaping, this first passes through an illumination optics 5 and then the mask 2.
- a projection optics 6 images the structure present on the mask 2 onto the wafer.
- the projection optics 6 in FIG. 1 are subdivided into a part 7 rotatable about the optical axis of the projection optics 6 and into a stationary part 8.
- the projection optics 6 often have several rotatable parts; for the purposes of this description, however, the restriction to only one rotatable part 7 is sufficient.
- a biconvex lens 9 is indicated in FIG. 1 and a plane-parallel optical plate 10 is indicated for the optical components of the stationary part 8.
- lens 9 can also be displaced both along the optical axis and transversely to the optical axis of the projection optics 6, and, as indicated by a double arrow 21 in FIG. 1, relative to the optical
- Axis of the projection optics 6 can be tilted.
- the double arrow 21 designates one of two possible and mutually perpendicular tilting movements with respect to the optical axis. Also other optical elements of the projection optics, which are not explicitly shown in FIG. 1
- a position-sensitive sensor 11 is provided for measuring disturbance variables that affect the imaging properties of the projection optics 6. This is Movable transversely to the optical axis of the projection optics 6 between a measurement position shown in FIG. 1 and a projection exposure position, not shown, which is displaced out of the beam path of the projection light bundle 4 (cf. double arrow 12 in FIG. 1).
- the sensor 11 is connected to a computer 14 via a signal line 13.
- the lens 9 and the optical plate 10 are made from single crystals of CaF, which has a cubic crystal symmetry. For production, these optical elements 9, 10 are cut out of crystal blocks and polished.
- Such a crystal block 15 is shown by way of example in FIG. 2 for the lens 9. This is oriented in such a way that (100) crystal planes 16 are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in such a way that their lines of intersection with the plane of the drawing result in horizontal lines.
- the lens 9 is worked out of the crystal block 15 so that its element axis EA, i. H. the optical axis of the lens 9 coincides with the (100) crystal direction which is perpendicular to the (100) crystal planes.
- the optical plate 10 which is shown in isolation in FIG. 3, is also worked out in this way from a crystal block.
- the (101) -, (110) -, (10-1) - and (1-10) - crystal directions are shown as arrows, with the negative sign when indexing the crystal direction in this Description of the designation "top across” in the drawing is equivalent.
- An intrinsic birefringence of the optical disc 10 is schematically represented by four "lobes" 17, the surfaces of which are the amount of intrinsic birefringence for the respective one Specify the beam direction of a light beam of the projection light bundle 4 (cf. FIG. 1).
- the maximum intrinsic birefringence of the optical disk 4 results in the (101), (110), (l ⁇ -l) and (1-10) crystal directions, respectively.
- the beam direction of a light beam 18 of the projection light beam 4 is defined by an aperture angle theta and an azimuth angle alpha.
- the position of these two angles is illustrated in FIG. 4:
- There is a faxsisch.es coordinate system of the projection exposure system 1 is shown, whose z-axis coincides with the optical axis of the projection optics 6.
- the opening angle theta is the angle between the light beam 18 and the z-axis.
- the azimuth angle alpha is the angle between the x axis and the projection of the light beam 18 onto the xy plane.
- the optical components 9, 10 are oriented such that the (100) crystal direction coincides with the z axis and the projection of the (101) crystal direction on the xy plane coincides with the x axis.
- IDB intrinsic birefringence
- the intrinsic birefringence disappears (see FIG. 3) at an aperture angle of 0 degrees, ie a beam direction along the optical axis of the projection objective 6 in the (100) crystal direction.
- the maximum intrinsic birefringence (beam propagation, for example, in the (110) crystal direction, ie theta equal to 45 degrees, alpha equal to 90 degrees) was a value of (11.0 +/- 0.4) nm / cm at a wavelength of 156, lnm measured for CaF_.
- the lens 9 and the optical plate 10 have, depending on their installation situation in the projection optics 6, additional voltage birefringence contributions which add up to the intrinsic birefringence. Further birefringence contributions can result, for example, from crystal defects, in particular from the formation of domains. Non-intrinsic birefringence contributions can also be present in optical materials that have no intrinsic birefringence.
- a method for optimizing the imaging properties of the projection optics 6 is carried out as follows:
- the optical disturbance variables of all optical elements of the projection optics 6 are determined individually.
- Such measurement methods for determining, on the one hand, the birefringence contributions described above as an example of polarization-dependent disturbance variables and, on the other hand, polarization-independent disturbance variables are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the overall imaging properties of the projection optics 6 can be measured with different adjustment states of the projection optics 6.
- the individual optical elements of the projection optics 6 can be measured independently of one another using known measuring methods.
- the determination of the birefringence contributions can include, for example, the position determination of the crystal axes of the optical elements measured, insofar as they are crystal materials.
- the measurement results are evaluated by the computer 14. This determines the respective disturbance variable contributions of the individual optical elements of the projection optics and assigns these contributions to the individual polarization-dependent and polarization-independent disturbance variables.
- the computer 14 then calculates and optimizes a target function (merit function). The dependencies of the disturbance variable contributions of all optical elements on the degrees of freedom of movement of these optical elements (rotation, inclination, centering) are included in this objective function.
- the lens 9 can be rotated about the optical axis with respect to the optical plate 10. After measuring the disturbance contributions, lie for the lens 9 and the optical plate 10 present their respective contributions to the polarization-dependent and the polarization-independent disturbance variables.
- the merit function also contains the dependence of the disturbance variable contributions of the lenses 9 on the rotation thereof about the optical axis.
- the merit function is then optimized by varying the degrees of freedom of movement of the moving parts of the projection optics 6.
- the merit function is evaluated at every rotational position of the rotatable part 7 of the projection optics 6. Then the rotational position is determined in which the merit function has the optimal value.
- the movable optical elements are moved into the determined target position.
- the rotatable part 7 is rotated with the lens 9 into the determined target position.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)
- Lenses (AREA)
- Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
- Mounting And Adjusting Of Optical Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02805274A EP1459134A1 (de) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-10-02 | Verfahren zur optimierung der abbildungseigenschaften von mindestens zwei optischen elementen sowie photolithographisches fertigungsverfahren |
AU2002366852A AU2002366852A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-10-02 | Method for optimizing the imaging characteristics of at least two optical elements and photolithographic production process |
JP2003555281A JP2005513794A (ja) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-10-02 | 少なくとも2つの光学要素の結像特性を最適化する方法およびリソグラフィー製造方法 |
US10/709,098 US6963449B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2004-04-13 | Method for improving the imaging properties of at least two optical elements and photolithographic fabrication method |
US11/185,066 US7027237B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2005-07-20 | Method for improving the imaging properties of at least two optical elements and photolithographic fabrication method |
US11/361,345 US20060146427A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2006-02-24 | Method for improving the imaging properties of at least two optical elements and photolithographic fabrication method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10162796A DE10162796B4 (de) | 2001-12-20 | 2001-12-20 | Verfahren zur Optimierung der Abbildungseigenschaften von mindestens zwei optischen Elementen sowie photolithographisches Fertigungsverfahren |
DE10162796.3 | 2001-12-20 |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10708098 Continuation | 2004-02-09 | ||
US10/709,098 Continuation US6963449B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2004-04-13 | Method for improving the imaging properties of at least two optical elements and photolithographic fabrication method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2003054631A1 true WO2003054631A1 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/011030 WO2003054631A1 (de) | 2001-12-20 | 2002-10-02 | Verfahren zur optimierung der abbildungseigenschaften von mindestens zwei optischen elementen sowie photolithographisches fertigungsverfahren |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US6963449B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1459134A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005513794A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1271473C (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002366852A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10162796B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003054631A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
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US7239447B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2007-07-03 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Objective with crystal lenses |
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DE10162796B4 (de) * | 2001-12-20 | 2007-10-31 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Verfahren zur Optimierung der Abbildungseigenschaften von mindestens zwei optischen Elementen sowie photolithographisches Fertigungsverfahren |
EP1586946A3 (de) * | 2004-04-14 | 2007-01-17 | Carl Zeiss SMT AG | Optisches System eines Projektions-Mikrolithographie Apparats |
DE102005019726A1 (de) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Verfahren zur Montage/Justage eines Projektionsobjektives für die Lithographie sowie Projektionsobjektiv |
JP2008070730A (ja) * | 2006-09-15 | 2008-03-27 | Sony Corp | マスクブランクス選定方法、複屈折性指標の算出方法、リソグラフィ方法、マスクブランクス選定装置、複屈折性指標算出装置およびそのプログラム |
DE102007055567A1 (de) | 2007-11-20 | 2009-05-28 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Optisches System |
US20090233456A1 (en) * | 2008-03-17 | 2009-09-17 | Sony Corporation | Irradiation optical system, irradiation apparatus and fabrication method for semiconductor device |
JP7017985B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-05 | 2022-02-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | システム及び処理条件の決定方法 |
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JP4078161B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-12 | 2008-04-23 | キヤノン株式会社 | 蛍石とその製造方法 |
JP4455024B2 (ja) * | 2002-12-13 | 2010-04-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 複屈折測定装置 |
-
2001
- 2001-12-20 DE DE10162796A patent/DE10162796B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-10-02 WO PCT/EP2002/011030 patent/WO2003054631A1/de active Application Filing
- 2002-10-02 EP EP02805274A patent/EP1459134A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-10-02 AU AU2002366852A patent/AU2002366852A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-10-02 JP JP2003555281A patent/JP2005513794A/ja active Pending
- 2002-10-02 CN CN02825556.9A patent/CN1271473C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-04-13 US US10/709,098 patent/US6963449B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-07-20 US US11/185,066 patent/US7027237B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-02-24 US US11/361,345 patent/US20060146427A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4701606A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1987-10-20 | Nippon Kogaku K.K. | Projection optical apparatus |
US5625453A (en) * | 1993-10-26 | 1997-04-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | System and method for detecting the relative positional deviation between diffraction gratings and for measuring the width of a line constituting a diffraction grating |
US5677757A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1997-10-14 | Nikon Corporation | Projection exposure apparatus |
US6252712B1 (en) * | 1998-02-20 | 2001-06-26 | Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung | Optical system with polarization compensator |
US6057970A (en) * | 1998-05-28 | 2000-05-02 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Apparatus for enhancing depth of focus using birefringent material |
EP1063684A1 (de) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-12-27 | Nikon Corporation | Optisches projektions-system, herstellungsmethode, und verwendung in einem belichtungsapparat |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6963449B2 (en) | 2005-11-08 |
CN1271473C (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
US7027237B2 (en) | 2006-04-11 |
CN1606715A (zh) | 2005-04-13 |
US20050254773A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
DE10162796B4 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
US20060146427A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
DE10162796A1 (de) | 2003-07-03 |
JP2005513794A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
AU2002366852A1 (en) | 2003-07-09 |
US20050013012A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 |
EP1459134A1 (de) | 2004-09-22 |
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