WO2003051808A1 - Resines adsorbantes amphoteres a faible acidite et forte basicite et procede de separation et de purification d'acide citrique - Google Patents

Resines adsorbantes amphoteres a faible acidite et forte basicite et procede de separation et de purification d'acide citrique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2003051808A1
WO2003051808A1 PCT/CN2002/000336 CN0200336W WO03051808A1 WO 2003051808 A1 WO2003051808 A1 WO 2003051808A1 CN 0200336 W CN0200336 W CN 0200336W WO 03051808 A1 WO03051808 A1 WO 03051808A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
citric acid
resin
adsorption
acid
fermentation broth
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000336
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Qijun Peng
Original Assignee
Yu, Zheng
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yu, Zheng filed Critical Yu, Zheng
Priority to AU2002306265A priority Critical patent/AU2002306265A1/en
Publication of WO2003051808A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003051808A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C51/00Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
    • C07C51/42Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
    • C07C51/47Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a weak-acid and strong-base amphoteric adsorption resin, and a method for extracting the acid from a citric acid fermentation broth. Background technique
  • Citric acid is an organic acid that is mildly acidic, easily biodegradable, harmless to the human body, good in taste, and less corrosive. It is widely used in food, medicine, and chemical industries. In recent years, the scale of citric acid production in China has grown rapidly, with an annual output of 400,000 tons.
  • Fermentation is used in the production of citric acid all over the world.
  • the fermented acid solution contains various impurities, such as residual sugars, proteins, pigments and colloidal substances, and must be purified by a series of physical and chemical methods.
  • the purification process currently used in industry is the calcium salt precipitation method. Since this process uses a large amount of calcium carbonate and sulfuric acid, a large amount of by-products of calcium sulfate waste, carbon dioxide exhaust gas, and waste water are generated, which seriously pollutes the environment, and the operation process is complicated and the production cost is high.
  • the ion exchange resin is prepared by a resin having the following structure through partial quaternization, N-oxidation, sulfonation and other functionalization reactions:
  • R is an alkylene oxide, vinylamine, and various nitrogen-containing compounds.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a weakly acidic and strong amphoteric adsorption resin with a high functionalization rate.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating and purifying citric acid.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a weak acid strong base ampholytic adsorption resin, which has the following structure:
  • R ' is / or CH 3 CH 2 C— 0_, and / or
  • R represents H and ( 4 fluorenyl).
  • a copolymer was prepared by copolymerizing 25% by weight of a polyalkenyl crosslinking agent, followed by chloromethylation, and then amination.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for extracting citric acid from a citric acid fermentation broth, which comprises the following steps:
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a citric acid manufacturing method used in an example of the present invention. Detailed description of the invention
  • the invention relates to a weak-acid and strong-base amphoteric resin, which has the following structure:
  • R is / or CH 3 CH 2 C— 0—, and / or
  • R represents H or ( 4 alkyl); it is copolymerized with 25 to 80% by weight of a vinyl monomer having an acidic group, 5 to 50% by weight of styrene, and 4 to 25% by weight of a polyalkenyl crosslinking agent. The copolymer is obtained, followed by chloromethylation, and then amination.
  • the weak-acid-strong-base amphoteric amphoteric resin of the present invention is a synthetic network-like crosslinked interpolymer, and is a particulate-shaped polymer having various particle diameters.
  • the adsorption resin, especially the macroporous resin has higher physical stability than general commercial resins, and the round ball ratio after grinding is> 99%, which is suitable for long-term operation at a temperature of about 100 ° C.
  • This resin has a very high adsorption capacity for citric acid, 0.8 to 1.5 grams per gram of resin, and preferably has an adsorption capacity of 1.2 grams of citric acid; Good to have a desorption amount of 0.8 grams of citric acid, so at least 10%, generally up to 20% ⁇ 35% of a high concentration citric acid desorption solution.
  • the resin can be used as an adsorbent of citric acid, and also has catalytic performance, and can also be used as a catalyst carrier at the same time.
  • the weakly acidic and strong alkali amphoteric resin of the present invention is prepared as follows: at least one monovinyl-containing monomer (at least one of which has an acidic group) is mixed with styrene; A polyene group-containing crosslinker is used to form a gel-type or macroporous network cross-linked interpolymer through suspension copolymerization; and then chloromethyl basic is performed on the benzene ring in the network cross-linked interpolymer After amination, an amination reaction is performed to obtain an anion exchanger having tertiary amines, quaternary amines, polyamines and other basic groups mainly on the benzene ring.
  • the reaction formula of the ion exchange resin of the present invention is as follows---
  • non-limiting examples of the vinyl monomer having an acidic group include acrylic acid; acrylic esters, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and t-butyl acrylate , Preferably methyl acrylate; vinyl acetate; vinyl propionate, vinylpyridine having the following formula, etc.
  • the total content (W / W) of the vinyl monomers with acidic groups participating in the copolymerization of the amphoteric resin is 25% to 80%, and the best is 40% to 64%.
  • the styrene content (W / W) participating in the copolymerization of the amphoteric resin is 5% to 50%, and the most preferable is 25% to 40%.
  • the polyene-based cross-linking agent involved in the copolymerization of the amphoteric resin may be selected from the group consisting of divinylbenzene, trivinylbenzene, dipropylenebenzene, ethylene glycol methacrylate, glycerol trimethacrylate, and trimeric isocyanurate Propyl ester, etc.
  • the content (W / W) in the amphoteric resin is 4% to 25%, and the most preferable is 6% to 20%.
  • the resin chloromethylation reagent may be a chloromethyl ether capable of performing chloromethyl addition on a benzene ring in the resin.
  • the reactant used in the amination may be a secondary amine capable of performing an amination reaction, such as dimethylamine, Diethylamine, methylethylamine, dipropylamine, methylpropylamine, ethylpropylamine, di-n-butylamine, di-tert-butylamine, etc .; tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, methyldiethylamine, two Methyl ethylamine, tripropylamine, tri-n-butylamine, tri-tert-butylamine, etc .; and polyethylene polyamines.
  • Catalysts can also be used in the above chloromethylation and amination reactions.
  • Suitable catalysts can be selected from various types of Fourier catalysts such as zinc chloride, aluminum trichloride, and tin tetrachloride.
  • Fourier catalysts such as zinc chloride, aluminum trichloride, and tin tetrachloride.
  • Various compounds, catalysts and reaction methods used in general anion resin synthesis are applicable to the present invention.
  • the suspension polymerization reaction conditions may be suspension reaction conditions well known in the art.
  • the reaction temperature of the suspension reaction is 70 to 90 ° C, preferably 75 to 80 ° C
  • the pressure is normal pressure
  • the reaction time is 4 to 7 hours. Good for 5 ⁇ 6 hours.
  • the chloromethylation reaction conditions used in the process of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the chloromethylation reaction conditions are: a swelling agent with a volume of 60% to 120% (preferably 75% to 85%) of the bulk resin and 80% to 150 % (Preferably 95% ⁇ 105%) immersed in a mixed solution of chloromethylation reagent for more than 2 hours, preferably 3 hours; reaction temperature is 30 ⁇ 70 ° C, preferably 40 ⁇ 50 ° C, pressure It is normal pressure, and the reaction is performed for 4 to 10 hours, preferably 7 to 8 hours.
  • reaction conditions of the amination reaction used in the method of the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the reaction temperature of the reaction is 20 ⁇ 50 ° C, preferably 35 ⁇ 40 ° C
  • the pressure is normal pressure
  • the reaction time is 4 ⁇ 10 hours, preferably 5 ⁇ 6 hours.
  • the weak-acid and strong-base amphoteric adsorption resin of the present invention is prepared by mixing two or more monomers containing a monovinyl group and a crosslinker containing a polyene group to perform a suspension copolymerization reaction to form a gel-like network crosslinked interpolymer And got it.
  • a porogen can also be added to the suspension copolymerization reaction to generate a macroporous network crosslinked interpolymer.
  • the porogen used can be toluene, gasoline, kerosene, paraffin, fatty acids (such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, etc.), or saturated alkanes with 4 to 10 carbon atoms, such as linear or branched butane ( (Such as n-butane, t-butane), linear or chain pentane (such as n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, 2, 2-dimethylpentane), linear or branched octane Rhenium, linear or branched heptane, linear or branched decane, etc., and any mixture of the above porogens. Based on the total weight of the monomer mixture, its amount (W / W) is 0% to 65%, and the most preferred is 0% to 25%.
  • W / W Based on the total weight of the monomer mixture, its amount (W / W) is 0% to 65%, and the most preferred is
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for extracting the citric acid from a citric acid fermentation broth, which comprises the following steps:
  • the method of the present invention includes the steps of adsorbing fermented citric acid using a fixed bed containing the resin of the present invention, and eluting the adsorbed citric acid using hot water.
  • the citric acid fermentation broth used in the method of the present invention may be a conventional citric acid fermentation broth.
  • it is a citric acid fermentation broth obtained by fermenting a carbohydrate (such as sweet potato, cassava, corn, molasses, etc.) with a suitable microorganism (such as sper i / ⁇ J er).
  • the process of the method of the invention comprises: filtering and sterilizing the fermentation liquid; adsorption of amphoteric resin at room temperature (or lower than room temperature) (fermentation waste liquid is returned to the fermentation tank for cyclic fermentation); high temperature hot water desorption; after decolorization, concentration and crystallization; obtaining lemon Acid crystal product.
  • the invention proposes a continuous cross-flow thermochromatographic adsorption technology for citric acid extraction without pollution from a citric acid fermentation broth.
  • the citric acid fermentation broth is passed through a fixed bed containing the resin at room temperature, and is adsorbed on the resin.
  • each resin bed column is connected end to end in series to form a ring
  • the system achieves continuous operation; in the adsorption step of the process, the citric acid fermentation liquid is continuously circulated through each resin bed in a countercurrent manner to make the citric acid adsorbed: the hot water in the desorption step is continuously circulated in a cross-flow manner with the citric acid fermentation liquid Saturated resin bed was adsorbed by each citric acid to desorb citric acid.
  • the adsorption column used in the method of the present invention may be a single adsorption column or an adsorption section formed by a plurality of adsorption columns connected in series.
  • the ion-exchange column includes 5 to 20 fixed-bed columns loaded with the resin of the present invention, which are connected in series with the valve and the valve end to end to form a ring system to realize Continuous operation.
  • Each cycle operation includes an adsorption step, a re-adsorption step, a heating step, a desorption step, and a cooling and evacuation step.
  • the citric acid fermentation broth is continuously circulated through each resin bed in a countercurrent manner at room temperature, so that the citric acid is adsorbed.
  • the initial concentration of the citric acid fermentation broth is generally about 8% to 15%, citric acid solutions with a concentration higher than 1% can be used in this adsorption step.
  • the adsorption step when the remaining citric acid concentration in the citric acid citric acid fermentation adsorption solution flowing from each resin bed is> 0.5%, it is recycled to the next resin bed for re-adsorption, which is performed sequentially; If the remaining citric acid concentration is less than 0.5%, it can be returned to the fermenter for recycling and re-fermentation, which has no adverse effect on citric acid fermentation, and can increase the citric acid acid production rate in the fermentation broth.
  • citric acid-free Into a strong alkali ion exchange resin bed system for clean adsorption, citric acid-free The fermentation broth is returned to the fermentation tank for recirculation and re-fermentation.
  • the bed of strong alkali ion exchange resin to which citric acid has been adsorbed is regenerated with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to obtain sodium citrate or potassium citrate solution, which is obtained after decolorization and concentration and crystallization.
  • Sodium citrate or potassium citrate products The citric acid fermentation broth continuously passes through the resin bed to the resin bed to reach basic saturation.
  • the saturation of the resin can be determined by measuring the refractive index or citric acid concentration of the liquid flowing into and out of the bed, such as the refractive index or citric acid concentration of the liquid flowing into and out of the bed. Reaching substantially equal, the resin is considered to be saturated.
  • the hot water is continuously circulated through each citric acid adsorption saturated resin bed in a manner that cross-flows with the citric acid fermentation broth to desorb citric acid, thereby ensuring that the lemon adsorbed by the resin at the column outlet in the adsorption step is desorbed.
  • the acid is completely desorbed. This measure can increase the remaining citric acid concentration in the adsorption step ⁇ 0.5% and the amount of the discharged liquid is more than 25% (the penetration point is delayed).
  • the temperature of the hot deionized water entering the resin bed is 70 ⁇ : L20 ° C, preferably 85 ⁇ 95 ° C.
  • the resin bed jacket needs to be insulated with steam.
  • the steam temperature is 80 ⁇ 140 ° C, and the best is 95 ⁇ 105. ° C, the steam temperature in the resin bed jacket is required to be at least 5 ° C higher than the temperature of the desorption liquid in the resin bed, and the best is 10-20 ° C. This measure can improve the separation effect of citric acid and impurities.
  • the desorption solution flow-out sequence it can be divided into three fractions, that is, the first fraction is collected first, the second fraction is collected later, and the third fraction is collected last.
  • the volume of the first fraction is 0. 1 ⁇ 0. 6 bed volumes, most preferably 0. 2 ⁇ 0. 4 bed volumes. Of course, it can also be adjusted according to the content and separation degree of impurities in the actual fermentation broth.
  • the main indicator of impurity content in the fermentation broth is easy carbon compounds.
  • the measurement method can be spectrophotometric method or citric acid product in USP93 USP93.
  • the colorimetric analysis method is used to determine the easy carbon index.
  • the collection volume of the second fraction is 0.5 to 2 bed volumes, preferably 0.8 to 1.4 bed volumes; of course, it can also be based on the content and separation degree of impurities in the actual fermentation broth and citric acid. Adjust the density.
  • the main index of impurity content in the fermentation broth is easy carbon compounds.
  • the removal rate of easy carbon compounds in the second fraction is required to be above 80%, preferably above 95%; the average citric acid concentration is at least above 12%, and generally reaches 18 % Or more, preferably 22% or more. After decolorization of the second fraction, concentration and crystallization were performed to obtain the third fraction of the citric acid.
  • the third fraction was circulated for desorption of the next citric acid adsorption saturation column to improve the citric acid in the next column desorption solution. concentration.
  • the collected amount can be adjusted according to the desorption results of the next column, but generally the final desorption concentration should be ⁇ 3%, preferably ⁇ 1.5%.
  • a re-adsorption step may be performed. The re-adsorption step is performed after the adsorption step but before the desorption step.
  • the resin is saturated with citric acid, and then the mother liquor mixed solution obtained by concentrating and crystallizing the first fraction and the second fraction obtained in the desorption step is adsorbed to saturation again to increase the citric acid adsorption amount of the resin.
  • the first distillate generally has a citric acid content of 20% to 30%
  • the second distillate mother liquor generally has a citric acid content of more than 80%.
  • the citric acid content is preferably 30% to 50%.
  • Each citric acid solution with a concentration higher than 15% can naturally be used in this re-adsorption step.
  • This re-adsorption step is performed until the resin bed reaches resaturation, and the refractive index or citric acid concentration of the inflow and effluent of the resin bed is measured. If the two are equal, the resin is considered to be resaturated.
  • This re-adsorption step can also use a method of adding a certain amount of the above-mentioned mixed liquid each time. The amount of re-adsorption can be determined according to the size of the actual device. The principle is that the first and second fractions obtained in the desorption step are concentrated and crystallized. The total amount of the mother liquor obtained is in equilibrium with the resorption consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a separation and purification system used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which includes adsorption of fermentation broth, optional concentrated liquid re-adsorption, conversion of adsorption-desorption system, desorption, desorption cycle, cooling and desorption.
  • Suction system conversion fermentation broth adsorption:
  • the fermentation broth is pumped through the valve 11 into the column 1 with the fermentation broth, and the fermentation waste liquid after the citric acid is adsorbed is discharged out of the adsorption system through the valve 16, and then returned to the fermentation tank for citric acid fermentation; when the measured pH at the outlet is less than a certain value At this time, it indicates that column 1 has adsorbed and penetrated, and citric acid is present in the discharged fermentation waste liquid.
  • the computer also can be manually controlled to close the valve 16, and open the valves 23, 26, so that the fermentation broth does not exit the adsorption system after leaving the column 1, but is sent to the column 2 for recycling and adsorption by the column 2 again.
  • the circulation enters the column 3;
  • the invention adopts the method of measuring the pH of the waste liquid to monitor the adsorption of the resin column.
  • the pH reaches 3.5, it can be regarded as resin column adsorption saturation (adsorption penetration).
  • the system may optionally be re-adsorbed after running an adsorption-desorption cycle.
  • a mother liquor mixed liquid obtained after the first fraction and the second fraction were concentrated and crystallized was used for the re-adsorption of the solution.
  • the concentration of citric acid in this solution is higher than the concentration of citric acid in the fermentation broth. Therefore, when the monitoring shows that the resin column is saturated, the resin column can also adsorb a part of the citric acid in the mixed solution, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the entire system.
  • valves F, 12 are closed, and valves 25, 24, 22, and D are opened.
  • the material liquid is discharged from column 1, it enters the saturated adsorption state.
  • the column 2 was re-desorbed to obtain an eluent with a high citric acid concentration and then discharged from the desorption system. cool down:
  • the citric acid adsorbed in column 1 was basically desorbed. At this time, the valve was closed.
  • valves B, E and column 1 Close all valves on valves B, E and column 1 and leave the adsorption system, ready to re-enter the suction in sequence. Attached system works.
  • the present invention is applicable to the purification and production of citric acid from all citric acid fermentation broths obtained by using suitable microorganisms such as Aspergillus Niger; fermenting carbohydrate compounds such as sweet potato, cassava, corn, molasses and the like.
  • suitable microorganisms such as Aspergillus Niger
  • fermenting carbohydrate compounds such as sweet potato, cassava, corn, molasses and the like.
  • the heat difference is used as the elution power during the purification process, without using any stone powder, acid and alkali chemicals;
  • the adsorption capacity is determined by various resins that have been adsorbed and desorbed after several rounds of adsorption and desorption.
  • the resin is eluted with deionized water at a flow rate of 3 bed volumes per hour in an ion exchange column. After vacuum drying at 80 ° F, it is tested.
  • Citric acid adsorption capacity (g / g dry resin) (12-X) / 6
  • a reaction vessel was charged with 50 g of styrene, 50 g of acrylic acid, 7 g of divinylbenzene, 45 g of isoheptane, and 1 g of benzoyl peroxide to form oil phase A.
  • the citric acid adsorption capacity of the product was measured by the above method, and the result was 0.2 g of citric acid per gram of dry resin. Quaternization of adsorption resin
  • the product was analyzed by infrared spectrum, and it was found that in the infrared spectrum of the product resin, a spectral peak appeared in a region of 1230 to 1030 cm-1, which proved that a quaternization reaction occurred on the benzene ring.
  • reaction vessel In another reaction vessel were added 150 g of water, 30 g of sodium chloride, 0.25 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and 10 drops of 1% methylene blue.
  • the citric acid adsorption capacity of the product was measured by the above method, and it was 8.6 g of citric acid per gram of dry resin.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, but using the reactants described in Table 1 below. The product results are listed in the following table:
  • the cross-linking agent used is divinylbenzene
  • the secondary amine is dimethylamine
  • the tertiary amine is methyldiethylamine
  • the polyethylene polyamine is used.
  • the product was analyzed by infrared spectrum, and it was found that in the infrared spectrum of the product resin, a spectral peak appeared in a region of 1230 to 1030 cm-1, which proved that a quaternization reaction occurred on the benzene ring.
  • a reaction vessel was charged with 50 grams of styrene, 45 grams of 4-vinylpyridine, 8 grams of divinylbenzene, and 1 grams of benzoyl peroxide to form an oil phase.
  • the citric acid adsorption capacity of the product was measured by the above method, and the result was 0.72 g of citric acid / g of dry resin. Quaternization of adsorption resin
  • the product was analyzed by infrared spectrum, and it was found that in the infrared spectrum of the product resin, a spectral peak appeared in the region of 1230 ⁇ 1030cni-l, which proved that a quaternization reaction occurred on the benzene ring.
  • the citric acid adsorption capacity of the product was measured by the above method, and the result was 3.2 g of citric acid per gram of dry resin. Quaternization of adsorption resin
  • the product was analyzed by infrared spectrum, and it was found that in the infrared spectrum of the product resin, a spectral peak appeared in the region of 1230 ⁇ : L030cm-1, which proved that a quaternization reaction had occurred on the benzene ring.
  • citric acid adsorption capacity of the product was measured by the above method, and it was 8.4 g of citric acid per gram of dry resin.
  • Example 7 Purification of citric acid fermentation broth
  • Adsorption exchange columns are connected in series to form a ring-shaped closed system. Each exchange column is filled with 140 kg of No. 2 resin in Table 1, and a weight of 20 kg can be added to the top of each resin bed. Adjust and control the height of the liquid distributor to prevent the resin from floating, the resin height is 1800mm. Isolation and purification of citric acid
  • the citric acid fermentation broth prepared above with a concentration of 12.4% was flowed sequentially at a flow rate of 600 liters / hour through 8 2500 X 400 ID.
  • Adsorption exchange columns connected in series to form a ring-shaped closed system as shown in the figure. Adsorption to saturation (the pH of the effluent is the same as the feed).
  • water vapor was passed into the resin bed jacket to bring the temperature to 95 ° C, and then distilled with 95 ° C distilled water, and the flow rate of the distilled water was 600 liters / hour.
  • the first fraction was sampled at 200 L, and the second fraction was sampled at 800 L.
  • the second fraction was sampled under vacuum concentration and crystallized.
  • the crystallinity of qualified products was 57%.
  • Example 5 using a citric acid fermentation broth with a concentration of 12.4% and a mixture of the first fraction and the mother liquor obtained in the desorption step in order to saturate the adsorption exchange column and perform different desorption temperatures test.
  • the adsorption effluent with a citric acid concentration ⁇ 0.5% in the adsorption step was used instead of the fermentation ingredient water for the shake flask test of fermentation production:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)

Description

弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂和柠檬酸分离纯化方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种弱酸强碱型两性吸附树脂, 以及从柠檬酸发酵液中提取该酸 的方法。 背景技术
柠檬酸是一种酸性柔和、 容易生物降解、 对人体无害并且口感好、 腐蚀性小 的有机酸, 广泛用于食品、 医药和化工等领域。 近年来我国柠檬酸生产规模飞速 发展, 年产量已达 40万吨。
世界上生产柠檬酸都釆用发酵法, 发酵后的酸液含有各种杂质, 例如残糖、 蛋白质、 色素和胶体物质等, 必须采取一系列物理及化学方法进行提纯处理。 目 前在工业中釆用的提纯工艺是钙盐沉淀法。 该工艺由于使用大量碳酸钙、 硫酸, 所以会有大量硫酸钙废渣副产品、 二氧化碳废气和废水产生, 严重污染环境, 且 操作过程复杂, 生产成本高。
为了解决钙盐沉淀法的缺陷, 秦涛等的 CN 94113677. 9提出了采用强碱树脂 吸附柠檬酸,硫酸脱附,碱再生树脂,浓缩、结晶的工艺。髙年发等的 CN96109807. 4 中提出了弱碱树脂吸附柠檬酸, 缓冲溶液洗脱易碳化合物, 碱脱附柠檬酸, 酸性 ' 树脂吸附转型, 酸洗脱, 酸性树脂除杂, 碱性树脂除杂, 浓缩、 结晶的工艺。 这 两种方法解决了钙盐沉淀法会产生大量固体硫酸钙废渣的缺陷。 但是它们仍需要 使用大量酸、 碱试剂, 在生产过程中使用的酸、 碱试剂的量几乎和柠檬酸产品的 量相同, 从而产生严重的废液后处理问题, 不可避免地提高了生产成本, 加重了 环境的压力。
彭奇均等在《柠檬酸生产新工艺的研究》一文("现代化工"杂志 19 9 7年 第 3期) 中提出了一种用两性离子交换树脂分离柠檬酸的方法。 其中, 所述离子 交换树脂是具有如下结构的树脂经过部分季铵化、 N-氧化、 磺化等官能化反应制 得的:
Figure imgf000002_0001
式中, R是环氧类烷、 乙烯胺及各种含氮化合物。
但是, 在该文中彭奇均等人并未公开怎样对该离子交换树脂进行官能化反应 以及官能化反应的结果。 也就是说, 该文献并未公开怎样在部分 R基团上连接酸 性基团, 而在另一部分 R基团上连接碱性基团, 未公开所述反应的官能化率。 本 领域的普通技术人员不难理解由于在该树脂的 R基团上连接酸性和碱性官能团需 要复杂的反应步骤, 因此该结构不适合于随后的部分季胺化、 N-氧化、 磺化等官 能化反应。 由于其官能化率一般不超过 35¾, 从而限制了分离纯化性能。 虽然强 化反应条件可提高官能化率, 但是在该反应条件下官能基团上到了交联剂二乙烯 苯上, 使树脂强度大大降低。
因此, 需要开发一种用于纯化柠檬酸的吸附树脂, 它具有高的功能基化率, 从而具有高的柠檬酸吸附和脱附量。
本发明的目的是提供一种高官能化率的弱酸强碱型两性吸附树脂。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种柠檬酸的分离纯化方法。 发明的概述
为了解决现有的离子交换树脂存在的缺陷, 本发明的目的是提供一种弱酸强 碱型两性吸附树脂, 它具有如下结构:
R '为 /或 CH3CH2C— 0_, 和 /或
Figure imgf000003_0001
其中, R表示 H、 ( 4焼基。
它是用 25〜80重量 %具有酸性基团的乙烯基单体、 5〜50重量 %苯乙烯和 4
25重量 %多烯基交联剂共聚制得共聚物, 随后氯甲基化, 再胺基化得到的。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种从柠檬酸发酵液中提取柠檬酸的方法, 它包 括下列步骤:
A) 在室温使所述柠檬酸发酵液通过装有本发明吸附树脂的固定床交换柱, 使所述柠檬酸吸附于所述吸附树脂上; 和
B)用不低于 70°C的热去离子水洗脱。 附图简述
图 1是本发明一个实例中使用的柠檬酸制造方法的工艺流程图。 发明的详细描述
本发明涉及一种弱酸强碱型两性吸附树脂, 它具有如下结构:
R,为 /或 CH3CH2C— 0— , 和 /或
Figure imgf000004_0001
其中, R表示 H或(^4烷基; 它是用 25〜80重量 %具有酸性基团的乙烯基单 体、 5〜50 重量 %苯乙烯和 4〜25重量%多烯基交联剂共聚制得共聚物, 随后氯甲 基化, 再胺基化得到的。
本发明弱酸强碱两性吸附两性树脂是一种合成的网状交联间聚物, 是具有各 种不同粒径的颗粒形状聚合物。 本发明所述的吸附树脂, 尤其是大孔树脂具有比 一般商业树脂更高的物理稳定性, 磨后圆球率 >99%, 适用于 100Ό左右温度下长 期操作。 本树脂对柠檬酸具有很高的吸附量, 每克树脂具有 0. 8〜1. 5克, 较好具 有 1. 2克柠檬酸的吸附量; 具有 0. 5〜: 1. 3克, 较好具有 0. 8克柠檬酸的解吸量, 因而可得至少 10%, 一般可达 20%〜35%的高浓度柠檬酸脱附液。 本树脂可以作为 柠檬酸的吸附剂, 还具有催化性能, 可同时作为催化剂载体使用。
在一个较好的实例中, 本发明弱酸强碱两性吸^树脂是如下制得的: 将至少 一种含单乙烯基的单体 (其中至少有一种具有酸性基团)与苯乙烯混合; 在含多烯 基的交联剂参与下通过悬浮共聚反应生成凝胶型或大孔型网状交联间聚物; 再在 网状交联间聚物中的苯环上进行氯甲基碱性化后再进行胺基化反应, 获得叔胺、 季胺、 多胺等碱性基团主要在苯环上的阴离子交换剂。 在本发明的一个较好的实例中, 本发明离子交换树脂的反应式如下 --
Figure imgf000005_0001
间聚物典型物结构式
其中, 所述具有酸性基团的乙烯基单体的非限定性例子包括丙烯酸; 丙 烯酸酯, 如丙烯酸甲酯、 丙烯酸乙酯、 丙烯酸丙酯、 丙烯酸异丙酯、 丙烯酸 丁酯、 丙烯酸叔丁酯, 较好为丙烯酸甲酯; 乙酸乙烯酯; 丙酸乙烯酯、 具有 下式的乙烯基吡啶等
Figure imgf000005_0002
按单体混合物的总重量计, 两性树脂中参与共聚的具有酸性基团的乙烯基单 体总含量 (W/W)为 25%〜80%, 最佳为 40%— 64%。
按单体混合物的总重量计, 两性树脂中参与共聚的苯乙烯含量 (W/W)为 5%〜 50%, 最佳为 25%〜40%。
两性树脂中参与共聚的多烯基交联剂可选自二乙烯苯、 三乙烯苯、 二丙烯苯、 甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯、 三甲基丙烯酸甘油'酯、 三聚异氰尿酸三烯丙酯等。 按单体 混合物的总重量计, 在两性树脂中其含量 (W/W)为 4%〜25%, 最佳为 6%〜20%。
所述的树脂氯甲基化试剂可以是能在树脂中的苯环上进行氯甲基加成的氯甲 基醚。 所述胺基化中使用的反应剂可以是能进行胺基化反应的仲胺, 如二甲胺、 二乙胺、 甲乙胺、 二丙胺、 甲基丙基胺、 乙基丙基胺、 二正丁胺、 二叔丁胺等; 叔胺, 如三甲胺、 三乙胺、 甲基二乙基胺、 二甲基乙基胺、 三丙胺、 三正丁胺、 三叔丁胺等; 以及多乙烯多胺。
在上述氯甲基化和胺基化反应中还可使用催化剂, 适用的催化剂可选自氯化 锌、 三氯化铝、 四氯化锡等各类傅氏催化剂。 一般阴离子树脂合成中所应用的各 种化合物、 催化剂和反应方法均适用于本发明。
在本发明树脂的制备方法中, 所述悬浮聚合的反应条件可以是本领域众所周 知的悬浮反应条件。 在本发明的一个较好的实例中, 所述悬浮反应的反应温度为 70〜90°C, 较好为 75〜80°C, 压力为常压, 反应进行的时间为 4〜7小时, 较好 为 5〜6小时。
在本发明方法中釆用的氯甲基化的反应条件是本领域普通技术人员众所周知 的。 在本发明的一个较好的实例中, 所述氯甲基化反应条件为, 在体积为本体树 脂量 60%〜120% (较好为 75%〜85%) 的溶胀剂和 80%〜150% (较好为 95%〜105%) 氯甲基化试剂的混合溶液中浸泡 2小时以上, 较好为 3小时; 反应温度为 30〜70 °C, 较好为 40〜50°C, 压力为常压, 反应进行的时间为 4〜10小时, 较好为 7〜8 小时。
在本发明方法中采用的胺基化反应的反应条件是本领域普通技术人员众所周 知的。 在本发明的一个较好的实例中, 所述反应的反应温度为 20〜50Ό, 较好为 35〜40°C, 压力为常压, 反应进行的时间为 4〜10小时, 较好为 5〜6小时。
本发明弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂是由两种或两种以上含单乙烯基的单体与含多 烯基的交联剂混合后进行悬浮共聚反应, 生成凝胶型网状交联间聚物而得到的。 在悬浮共聚反应中还可以加入致孔剂, 以生成大孔型网状交联间聚物。 所用致孔 剂可以是甲苯、 汽油、 煤油、 石蜡、 脂肪酸 (如乙酸、 丙酸、 丁酸等), 或带有 4〜 10个碳原子的饱和烷烃, 如直链或支链的丁烷 (如正丁垸、.叔丁烷)、 直链或 链 的戊烷 (如正戊烷、 异戊烷、 新戊烷、 2, 2-二甲基戊烷)、 直链或支链的辛垸、 直 链或支链的庚烷、 直链或支链的癸烷等, 以及以上各种致孔剂任意的混合物。 按 单体混合物的总重量计, 其用量 (W/W)为 0%〜65 %, 最佳为 0%〜25 %。
本发明的另一方面提供一种从柠檬酸发酵液中提取该柠檬酸的方法, 它包括 下列步骤:
A) 在室温 (或低于室温) 下使所述柠檬酸发酵液通过装有本发明弱酸强碱 两性吸附树脂的固定床交换柱, 使所述柠檬酸吸附于所述吸附树脂上; 和 B)用不低于 70°C的热水洗脱。
本发明方法包括采用装有本发明树脂的固定床吸附发酵的柠檬酸, 以及 使用热水洗脱该吸附的柠檬酸的步骤。
本发明方法采用的柠檬酸发酵液可以是常规的柠檬酸发酵液。 在本发明 的较好的实例中, 它是用合适的微生物 (如 sper i /^ J er)发酵碳水化 合物(如甘薯、 木薯、 玉米、 糖蜜等)所得的柠檬酸发酵液。
本发明方法流程包括: 发酵液过滤除菌; 室温 (或低于室温) 下两性树脂吸 附 (发酵废液回发酵罐循环发酵); 高温热水脱附; 经过脱色后, 浓缩、 结晶; 得 柠檬酸结晶产品。
本发明提出了一种从柠檬酸发酵液中无污染提取柠檬酸的连续错流变温 色谱吸附技术, 柠檬酸发酵液在室温下通过装有本树脂的固定床, 使之吸附 于树脂上, 然后用不低于 70°C的热去离子水通过吸附了柠檬酸的树脂床, 以 脱附柠檬酸; 工艺中可采用多个树脂床柱, 各树脂床柱以串联方式首尾相接, 形成一环状系统以实现连续操作; 工艺的吸附步骤中柠檬酸发酵液是以逆流 方式连续循环通过各树脂床使柠檬酸被吸附: 脱附步骤中热水是以与柠檬酸 发酵液错流的方式连续循环, 通过各柠檬酸吸附饱和的树脂床以脱附柠檬酸。
本发明方法中使用的吸附柱可以是单一的吸附柱, 也可以是多根吸附柱 串联形成的吸附段。
在本发明的一个较好的实例中, 离子交^柱包括 5〜20 根装载了本发明 所述树脂的固定床柱, 以串联方式通过管道和阀门首尾相接, 形成一环状系 统, 以实现连续操作。 在每一循环操作中包括了吸附步骤, 再吸附步骤, 加 热步骤, 脱附步骤和冷却排空步骤。
下面以多根串接的吸附柱为例说明本发明分离提纯方法。 但是本发明不 限于下面所述的方法。
在吸附步骤中, 柠檬酸发酵液在室温下以逆流方式连续循环通过各树脂床, 使柠檬酸被吸附。 虽然柠檬酸发酵液的初始浓度一般约为 8%〜15%, 但是浓度高 于 1%的柠檬酸溶液都可以用于本吸附步骤中。 吸附步骤中当从各树脂床流出的柠' 檬酸发酵吸附液中的剩余柠檬酸浓度>0. 5%时, 则将其循环进入下一树脂床进行 再吸附, 依次顺序进行; 如其中的剩余柠檬酸浓度 <0. 5%, 则可将其返回发酵罐 用于循环再发酵, 对柠檬酸发酵毫无不利影响, 并且能增加发酵液中的柠檬酸产 酸率, 也可以将其通入一强碱离子交换树脂床系统进行吸附干净, 不含柠檬酸的 发酵液回发酵罐用于循环再发酵, 被吸附了拧檬酸的强碱离子交换树脂床用氢氧 化钠或氢氧化钾再生获得柠檬酸钠或柠檬酸钾溶液, 经脱色, 浓缩结晶后得到柠 檬酸钠或柠檬酸钾产品。 柠檬酸发酵液连续通过树脂床至树脂床达到基本饱和, 树脂的饱和可通过测量流入和流出床的液体的折光率或柠檬酸浓度来确定, 如流 入和流出的液体的折光率或柠檬酸浓度达到基本相等, 则认为树脂达到饱和。
在进入脱附步骤前, 需在柱中通入不低于 70Ό的去离子水或柠檬酸溶液, 并 在树脂床夹套中用蒸汽加热, 并保温至少 20分钟以上, 使树脂床达到所需脱附温 度。
在脱附步骤中, 热水是以与柠檬酸发酵液吸附错流的方式连续循环通过各柠 檬酸吸附饱和树脂床以脱附柠檬酸, 从而保证吸附步骤中的柱出口处树脂所吸附 的柠檬酸得到彻底的脱附, 此措施可增加吸附步骤中剩余柠檬酸浓度〈0. 5%排放液 的量达 25%以上(穿透点推迟)。
进入树脂床的热去离子水温度为 70〜: L20°C, 最佳为 85〜95°C, 树脂床夹套 需用蒸汽保温, 蒸汽温度为 80〜140°C, 最佳为 95〜105°C, 要求树脂床夹套中蒸 汽温度比树脂床中脱附液温度至少高 5°C , 最佳为高 10〜20Ό, 此措施可很好地 改善柠檬酸与杂质的分离效果。
按照脱附液流出顺序, 它可分为三个馏分, 即最先收集的为第一熘分, 随后 收集的为第二馏分, 最后收集的为第三馏分。
第一馏分的量为 0. 1〜0. 6个床层体积, 最佳为 0. 2〜0. 4个床层体积。 当然 也可根据实际发酵液中杂质的含量和分离程度进行调节。 发酵液中杂质含量的主 荽指标是易碳化合物, 测定方法可用分光光度法或美国药典 USP93 中柠檬酸产品 测定易碳指标时采用的比色分析法。
第二镏分的收集量为 0. 5〜2个床层体积, 最佳为 0. 8〜1. 4个床层体积; 当 然也可根据实际发酵液中杂质的含量和分离程度及柠檬酸浓度进行调节。 发酵液 中杂质含量的主要指标是易碳化合物, 一般要求第二馏分中的易碳化合物去除率 达 80%以上,最好达到 95%以上;平均柠檬酸浓度至少达到 12%以上, 一般达到 18% 以上, 最好可达到 22%以上。 第二镏分经过脱色后, 进行浓缩结晶, 得到柠檬酸 口 其余为第三镏分, 第三馏分循环用于下一柠檬酸吸附饱和柱的脱附以提高下 一柱脱附液中柠檬酸的浓度。 其收集量可根据下一柱脱附结果迸行调节, 但一般 应使最终脱附浓度〈3%, 最好〈1. 5%。 在系统运行一段时间(至少一个吸附-脱附循环)后, 为了提高分离效率,、可 进行再吸附步骤。 再吸附步骤是在吸附步骤之后,但脱附步骤之前进行的。 在吸附 步骤中树脂在被柠檬酸吸附饱和后, 再用脱附步骤中所得到的第一馏分与第二馏 分浓缩结晶后所得的母液混合液吸附至再次饱和, 以提高树脂的柠檬酸吸附量。 第一馏分一般柠檬酸含量为 20%〜30%, 第二馏分母液一般柠檬酸含量为 80%以上, 将此二液混合后, 用于再吸附, 最好为柠檬酸含量 30%〜50%, 浓度高于 15%的各 柠檬酸溶液自然都可以用于本再吸附步骤中。 此再吸附步骤进行至树脂床达到再 次饱和, 测定树脂床流入和流出液的折光率或柠檬酸浓度, 如两者达到相等, 则 认为树脂达到再次饱和。 此再吸附步骤也可采用每次加入一定量的上述混合液的 方法, 再吸附使用量可根据实际装置大小进行确定, 原则是脱附步骤中所得第一 馏分和第二馏分进行浓缩、 结晶后所得母液总量, 与再吸附消耗量达到平衡。
下面结合附图以柠檬酸为例更详细地说明本发明柠檬酸的提纯方法。
图 1是本发明一个较好实例所釆用的分离提纯系统的流程示意图, 它包括发 酵液的吸附、 任选的浓液再吸附、 吸脱体系转换、 脱附、 脱附循环、 冷却和脱吸 体系转换: 发酵液吸附:
用发酵液将发酵液泵经阀门 11进柱 1被吸附, 柠檬酸被吸附后的发酵废液 经阀门 16排出吸附系统,. 回发酵罐再用于柠檬酸发酵; 当出口测定 pH小于一定 值时, 表示柱 1 已经吸附穿透, 排出发酵废液中存在柠檬酸。 此时由计算机控制 (也可手动控制)关闭阀门 16, 开启阀门 23、 26, 使发酵液在离开柱 1后不排出 吸附系统, 而是循环送入柱 2使之再被柱 2吸附, 吸附后的废液经阀门 26排出吸 附系统; 当柱 2吸附穿透后, 循环进入柱 3; 依次进行。
本发明采用测定废液 pH的方法监测树脂柱的吸附情况。 一般来说, 当 pH达 到 3. 5时, 可视为树脂柱吸附饱和 (吸附穿透)。 再吸附:
为了提高分离效率, 在系统运行一个吸附-脱附循环后可任选地进行再吸附。 溶液的再吸附采用的是第一馏分与第二馏分浓縮结晶后所得的母液混合液。 该液 中柠檬酸的浓度高于发酵液中柠檬酸的浓度。 因此当监测显示树脂柱吸附饱和后, 树脂柱还能吸附此混合液中的部分柠檬酸, 从而提高整个系统的分离效率。 N02/00336 操作时, 当进入柱 1 的发酵液与排出口的柠檬酸浓度相同时 (或经过一定的 吸附时间后), 可认为柱 1已达到发酵液吸附饱和; 关闭发酵液泵, 开启馏分 1泵 (馏分 1罐中柠檬酸溶液浓度比发酵液中的高 40%以上), 继续吸附至柱 1达到此 混合液吸附饱和 (或经过一定的吸附时间); 关闭馏分 1 泵, 阀门 11、 23, 开启 发酵液泵, 阀门 21, 使发酵液直接进入柱 2; 依次进行。 吸脱体系转换:
柱 1脱离吸附系统, 开启阀门^ 17、 12、 D, 使用空气将柱内料液排空进入 馏分 1罐; 然后关闭柱 1上所有阀门, 进入脱附系统; 依次进行。 脱附:
开启热水泵, 阀门 A、 15、 17、 12、 D, 使柱 1夹套加温, 柱 1内通过热水, 将吸附的柠檬酸洗脱下来, 此时的料液中柠檬酸浓度很高, 但其中还带有许多杂 质, 称馏分 1, 进入馏分 1罐; 在脱附一定时间后, 关闭阀门0, 开启阀门?, 使 洗脱的料液改为进入馏分 2罐; 此时的料液中柠檬酸浓度较馏分 1低, 但其中基 本无杂质, 称馏分 2, 也是产品液; 经过脱色后, 进行浓缩, 结晶, 得到柠檬酸 产品。 脱附循环:
在脱附一定时间后, 洗脱的料液中柠檬酸浓度比较低, 此时关闭阀门 F、 12, 开启阀门 25、 24、 22、 D, 使此料液排出柱 1后, 进入已吸附饱和的柱 2, 进行再 脱附, 以获得高柠檬酸浓度的洗脱料液后排出脱附系统。 冷却:
再经过一定脱附时间后, 柱 1 中吸附的柠檬酸基本脱附干净; 此时关闭阀门
A、 15, 开启阀门 C, 使冷水进入柱 1进行冷却, 并将柱内热溶液压进柱 2进行继 续脱附; 关闭阀门 C、 24, 开启阀门 B、 E, 利用压縮空气将柱 1 内的冷水排空进 热水桶循环利用。 脱吸体系转换:
关闭阀门 B、 E和柱 1上的所有阀门, 脱离吸附系统, 准备按序再次进入吸 附系统工作。
本发明适用于从所有用合适的微生物如 Aspergillus Niger; 发酵碳水 化合物, 如甘薯、 木薯、 玉米、 糖蜜等所得的柠檬酸发酵液中提纯生产柠檬 酸。
本发明方法具有如下优点-
1.实现清洁化生产 ―
a.提纯工艺过程中使用热量差作为洗脱动力, 无需使用任何石粉、 酸、 碱化学品;
b.消除了二氧化碳、 硫酸钙等废气废渣;
c.废糖水循环发酵, 提高柠檬酸产率, 减少 90%废水排放。
2.使柠檬酸发酵液中柠檬酸得到提纯, 除去其中所含无机盐, 易碳化合物和 有机杂酸 (如草酸)的 85〜99%, 柠檬酸收率 (发酵过滤液到浓缩结晶前)大于 98%。
3.缩短生产工艺, 节约生产场地, 减少操作人员。
4.可实现全自动化连续生产操作。
下面结合非限定性的实施例进一步说明本发明。 实施例
测定吸附树脂的柠檬酸吸附容量
吸附容量由各种经过数轮吸附和解吸达到吸脱稳定后的树脂, 在离子交换柱 中用去离子水以每小时 3个床体积的流量洗脱干净, 在 80Ό下真空干燥后, 要测 试的千树脂经过筛为 30— 60 目范围内, 精确称量 3g后在水中浸泡 24小时, 过 滤后在 2000土 200rpm/min速率下离心脱水 5min, 置于恒温槽中, 在恒温 25°C, 加入 50ml浓度为 12%柠檬酸溶液振荡 1小时 (正常振荡 0. 5小时树脂即可达饱和); 取出树脂在 2000±200rpm/min速率下离心脱溶液 5分钟, 合并溶液测定其中剩余 柠檬酸浓度 X%, 以计算树脂吸附柠檬酸容量。 柠檬酸溶液的浓度是通过使用 NaOH 标定溶液滴定酚酞至终点来精确测定的。 吸附容量可由下列公式算得:
柠檬酸吸附容量(g/g干树脂) = ( 12 - X) /6
解吸容量.由以上各种吸附 12%柠檬酸溶液达饱和树脂, 在恒温 90°C, 置于恒 温槽中加入 100ml离子水振荡 1小时; 取出树脂在 2000±200rpm/min速率下离心 脱溶液 5min, 合并溶液测定其中柠檬酸浓度 Y%, 用下列公式计算树脂解吸柠檬酸 柠檬酸解吸容量(g/g干树脂) = Y/3
实施例 1
制备弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂
在一个反应容器中加入 50克苯乙烯、 50克丙烯酸、 7克二乙烯苯、 45克 异庚烷和 1克过氧化苯甲酰, 形成油相 A。
在另一个反应容器中加入 180 克蒸馏水、 40克氯化钠、 0. 3 克羧甲基纤' 维素钠、 15滴 1%亚甲基蓝, 形成水相^
在搅拌下缓慢的将油相 A加入到水相 B 中, 调节搅拌速度至油相在水相 中形成.所需大小的分散液滴。 然后缓慢升温到 75〜80°C, 保温 5 小时使之反 应。 随后过滤, 用热水将产物洗涤 3次, 在 80°C下真空干燥 6小时后, 得 9 8 克灰棕色圆颗粒状树脂产物, 产率 91. $%。
用上述方法测定产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 0. 2克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 吸附树脂的季胺化
将 10克上面制得的产物加入 8毫升二氯乙烷和 10毫升氯甲醚的混合溶液中, 在 30°C下保温浸泡 3小时; 降温至 25°C左右, 加入 8克氯化锌, 升温至 45°C保 温; 8小时后降至室温, 过滤掉反应剩余液, 大量水洗至 pH=2〜3后风干; 加入 15 毫升丙酮,然后控制温度在 40Ό以下,搅拌下加入 20毫升三甲胺水溶液至 pH=ll, 30 °C下保温 6小时;反应结束后过滤,水洗至中性后得深棕色圆颗粒形状产物 122 克。
对产物进行红外光谱分析, 发现产物树脂红外光谱中, 在 1230〜 1030cm- 1 区域出现了谱峰, 证明在苯环上发生了季胺化反应。
用上述方法测得产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 7. 4克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 实施例 2
在一反应容器中加入 40克苯乙烯、 50克乙酸乙烯酯、 7克二乙烯苯和 1克 过氧化苯甲酰, 形成油相八。 .
在另一反应容器中加入 150克水、 30克氯化钠、 0. 25克羧甲基纤维素钠和 10 滴 1%亚甲基蓝。
如实施例 1所述合并油相 A和水相 B进行聚合反应, 再季胺化后, 得到灰白 色圆颗粒状 100. lg产物, 产率为 95. 3%。 对产物进行红外光谱分析, 发现产物树脂红外光谱中, 在 1230〜1030cm-l 区域出现了谱峰, 证明在苯环上发生了季胺化反应。
用上述方法测得产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 8. 6克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 实施例 3
重复实施例 1的步骤, 但是使用下表 1所述的反应剂。 所得产品结果如下表 所列:
表 1
实施例 3制得的各种树脂的吸附和解吸柠檬酸容量 序号 丙烯 乙 酸 乙 苯乙烯 交 联 胺基化 吸附容 i 解吸容量
酸¾ 浠酯¾ 剂¾ m s / g干树脂 mg / g千树脂 .
1 10 30 40 20 仲胺 823 543
2 10 30 40 20 叔胺 1348 1025
3 20 30 30 20 叔胺 1262 987
4 15 45 25 15 叔胺 978 870
5 15 45 25 15 多乙烯多胺 956 634
6 10 35 35 20 叔胺 1 150 964 表中, 使用的交联剂为二乙烯苯, 仲胺为二甲胺, 叔胺为甲基二乙基胺, 多 乙烯多胺。
实验结果如表 1所示。 结果证明本发明树脂对柠檬酸具有非常高的吸附和热 水解吸容量。 ,
.实施例 4
制备弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂
在一个反庳容器中加入 30克苯乙烯、 60克丙烯酸甲酯、 10 克二乙烯苯 和 1克过氧化苯甲酰, 形成油相八。
在另一个反应容器中加入 180 克蒸馏水、 40 克氯化钠、 0. 3 克羧甲基纤 维素钠、 15滴 1%亚甲基蓝, 形成水相^
在搅拌下缓慢的将油相 A加入到水相 B 中, 调节搅拌速度至油相在水相 中形成所需大小的分散液滴。 然后缓慢升温到 75— 80°C, 保温 5 小时使之反 应。 随后过滤, 用热水将产物洗涤 3次, 在 80Ό下真空干燥 6小时后, 得 86 克灰棕色圆颗粒状树脂产物, 产率 86%。
将 10克上面制得的产物加入 20毫升 5%氢氧化钠溶液中在 70°C下搅拌水 解 6小时, 得到 9. 2克浅棕色圆颗粒状树脂产物。 用上述方法测定产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 0. 7克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 吸附树脂的季胺化
将 10克上面制得的产物加入 8毫升二氯乙烷和 10毫升氯甲醚的混合溶液中, 在 30°C下保温浸泡 3小时; 降温至 25Ό左右, 加入 8克氯化锌, 升温至 45°C保 温; 8小时后降至室温., 过滤掉反应剩余液, 大量水洗至 pH=2〜3后风干; 加入 15 毫升丙酮, 然后控制温度在 40°C以下, 搅拌下加入 20毫升甲基二乙基胺水溶液 至 pH= ll, 30 °C下保温 6小时; 反应结束后过滤, 水洗至中性后得深棕色圆颗 粒形状产物 11. 8克。
对产物进行红外光谱分析, 发现产物树脂红外光谱中, 在 1230〜1030cm-l 区域出现了谱峰, 证明在苯环上发生了季胺化反应。
用上述方法测得产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 7. 4克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 实施例 5
制备弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂
在一个反应容器中加入 50克苯乙烯、 45克 4-乙烯基吡啶、 8克二乙烯苯 和 1克过氧化苯甲酰, 形成油相八。
在另一个反应容器中加入 180克蒸馏水、 40 克氯化钠、 0. 3 克羧甲基纤 维素钠、 15滴 1%亚甲基蓝, 形成水相8。
在搅拌下缓慢的将油相 A加入到水相 B 中, 调节搅拌速度至油相在水相 中形成所需大小的分散液滴。 然后缓慢升温到 75〜80Ό, 保温 5 小时使之反 应。 随后过滤, 用热水将产物洗涤 3次, 在 80°C下真空干燥 6小时后, 得 92 克灰棕色圆颗粒状树脂产物, 产率 89. 3%。
用上述方法测定产物的柠檬酸吸附容量,:结果为 0. 72 克柠檬酸 /克干树 脂。 吸附树脂的季胺化
将 10克上面制得的产物加入 8毫升二氯乙烷和 10毫升氯甲醚的混合溶液中, 在 30°C下保温浸泡 3小时; 降温至 25Ό左右, 加入 8克氯化锌, 升温至 45°C保 温; 8小时后降至室温, 过滤掉反应剩余液, 大量水洗至 pH=2〜3后风干; 加入 15 毫升丙酮, 然后控制温度在 40°C以下, 搅拌下加入 20毫升二叔丁胺水溶液至 pH =11, 30 Ό下保温 6小时; 反应结束后过滤, 水洗至中性后得深棕色圆颗粒形状 产物 11. 8克。
对产物进行红外光谱分析, 发现产物树脂红外光谱中, 在 1230〜1030cni-l 区域出现了谱峰, 证明在苯环上发生了季胺化反应。
用上述方法测得产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 11. 4克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 实施例 6 ·
制备弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂
在一个反应容器中加入 32克苯乙烯、 50克丙酸乙烯酯、 10克二乙烯苯、 20克汽油和 1克过氧化苯甲酰, 形成油相八。
在另一个反应容器中加入 180 克蒸馏水、 25 克氯化钠、 0. 3 克羧甲基纤 维素钠、 15滴 1%亚甲基蓝, 形成水相^
在搅拌下缓慢的将油相 A加入到水相 B 中, 调节搅拌速度至油相在水相 中形成所需大小的分散液滴。 然后缓慢升温到 75〜80Ό, 保温 5 小时使之反 应。 随后过滤, 用热水将产物洗涤 3次, 在 80°C下真空干燥 6小时后, 得 80. 2 克灰棕色圆颗粒状树脂产物, 产率 87. 2%。
用上述方法测定产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 3. 2克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 吸附树脂的季胺化
将 10克上面制得的产物加入 8毫升二氯乙烷和 10毫升氯甲醚的混合溶液中, 在 30°C下保温浸泡 3小时; 降温至 25°C左右, 加入 8克氯化锌, 升温至 45 °C保 温; 8小时后降至室温, 过滤掉反应剩余液, 大量水洗至 pH=2〜3后风干; 加入 15 毫升丙酮, 然后控制温度在 40Ό以下, 搅拌下加入 20毫升甲基二乙基胺水溶液 至 pH==ll, 30 °C下保温 6小时; 反应结束后过滤, 水洗至中性后得深棕色圆颗 粒形状产物 11. 5克。
对产物进行红外光谱分析, 发现产物树脂红外光谱中, 在 1230〜: L030cm_l 区域出现了谱峰, 证明在苯环上发生了季胺化反应。
用上述方法测得产物的柠檬酸吸附容量, 结果为 8. 4克柠檬酸 /克干树脂。 实施例 7柠檬酸发酵液的提纯
制备柠檬酸发酵液
用 Aspergillus Niger菌体, 发酵玉米粉 15%, 木薯粉 85%所得的柠檬 酸发酵液 分离系统的制备
将 8根 2500 X 400 ID.吸附交换柱以图示方式串联成环状封闭系统, 每根交 换柱中装有 140kg表 1中的 2号树脂, 在每个树脂床顶部加有一重量为 20Kg可调 节和控制高度的液体分布器以防止树脂上浮, 树脂高度为 1800mm。 柠檬酸的分离纯化
使上面制得的浓度为 12. 4%的柠檬酸发酵液以 600升 /小时的流量依次流过以 图示方式串联成环状封闭系统的 8根 2500 X 400 ID.吸附交换柱, 使之吸附至饱 和(出液与进料液的 pH值相同)。随后在树脂床夹套中通入水蒸汽使之温度达到 95 °C, 用 95°C的蒸馏水进行洗脱, 蒸馏水的流量为 600升 /小时。 第一馏分取样量 均为 200 L, 第二馏分的取样量为 800 L。 将第二馏分的取样进行真空浓缩, 结晶, 合格产品的结晶率可达 57%。
在进行一次吸附-脱附循环后, 将浓度为 42. 6%的脱附步骤中所得第一馏分与 母液其作为再吸附液, 进行再吸附。 结果, 合格产品的结晶率提高至 83%。 ^ 实施例 8 脱附温度试验
如例 5所述, 依次用浓度为 12. 4%的柠檬酸发酵液和 42. 6%的脱附步骤中所 得第一馏分与母液的混合液使吸附交换柱饱和吸附, 进行不同脱附温度试验。
在进入树脂床的热水温度和树脂床夹套温度均为 95°C时, 所得第二馏分平均 浓度为 16. 65%, 易碳去除率 87. 65%。
在进入树脂床的热水温度为 95°C, 树脂床夹套温度为 105Ό时, 所得第二馏 分平均浓度为 18. 90%, 易碳去除率 93. 43%。
在本试验中, 用不同的树脂床夹套及树脂床中脱附液温度, 证明了此措施可 很好的改善柠檬酸与杂质的分离效果。 实施例 9 吸附排出液用于再发酵试验
取吸附步骤中的柠檬酸浓度 <0. 5%的吸附排出液替代发酵配料用水, 用于发 酵生产的摇瓶试验:
1、 使用菌种, 黑曲霉素, 编号 S— 95— 1。 2、发酵用原料, 玉米粉, 木薯粉。
3、 摇床周期, 72小时。
4、 配方, 玉米粉 15% (2. 5克), 木薯粉 85% (13. 5克)。
5、 浓度, 16%。
表 2使用不同配料水发酵摇瓶结果对比
Figure imgf000017_0001
以上试验数据证明 < 0. 5%的吸附排出液完全可以替代发酵配料用水, 回 用于循环再发酵。

Claims

权利要求书
1. -种弱酸强緘型两性吸附树脂, 具有如下结构:
o !^!^ 。
Figure imgf000018_0001
R是 H或 ( 4垸基;
它是用 25〜80重量 %至少一种具有酸性基团乙烯基单体、 5〜50重量 %苯乙烯 和 4〜25重量 %多烯基交联剂共聚制得共聚物, 随后氯甲基化,再胺甲基化得到的。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂, 其特征在于所述具有酸性 基团的乙烯基单体选自丙烯酸、 丙烯酸甲酯、 丙烯酸乙酯、 丙烯酸丙酯、 丙烯酸 异丙酯、 丙烯酸丁酯、 丙烯酸叔丁酯、 乙酸乙烯酯、 丙烯酸乙烯酯、 具有下式的 乙烯基吡啶
Figure imgf000018_0002
所述多烯基交联剂选自二乙烯苯、 三乙烯苯、 .二丙烯苯、 甲基丙烯酸乙二醇 酯、 三甲基丙烯酸甘油酯、 三聚异氰尿酸三烯丙酯。
3. 如权利要求 1 或 2所述弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂, 其特征在于氯甲基化试 剂是氯甲基醚, 所述胺甲基化中使用的反应剂选自二甲胺、 二乙胺、 甲乙胺、 二 丙胺、 甲基丙基胺、 乙基丙基、 二正丁胺、 二叔丁胺、 三甲胺、 三乙胺、 甲基二 乙基胺、 二甲基乙基胺、 三丙胺、 三正丁胺、 三叔丁胺和多乙烯多胺。
4. 如权利要求 1 或 2 所述弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂, 其特征在于所述氯甲基 化和胺基化反应中使用选自氯化锌、 三氯化铝、 四氯化锡的催化剂。
.
5. 如权利要求 1 或 2 所述弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂, 其特征在于在共聚时还 加入 0 %〜60 %选自甲苯、 汽油、 煤油、 石蜡、 选自甲酸、 乙酸、 丙酸或丁酸的 脂肪酸, 带有 4〜10个碳原子的饱和烷烃的致孔剂, 以生成大孔型网状交联间聚 物。
6.如权利要求 5所述的弱酸强碱两性吸附树脂, 其特征在于所述具有酸性基 团乙烯基单体的量为 40〜64重量%、 所述苯乙烯的量为 25〜40重量%、 所述多烯 基交联剂的量为 6〜20重量%、 所述致孔剂的量为 0〜20%。
7. 一种从柠檬酸发酵液中提取柠檬酸的方法, 它包括下列步骤:
A) 在室温使所述柠檬酸发酵液通过装有权利要求 1〜6 中任何一项所述的吸 附树脂的固定床交换柱, 使所述柠檬酸吸附于所述吸附¼脂上; 和
B)用不低于 70Ό的水洗脱。
8. 如权利要 7所述的方法, 其特征在于至少一个在吸附和洗脱循环后, 在 所述吸附步骤 A以后但洗脱步骤 B之前, 它还包括用前面洗脱步骤得到的洗脱液, 及柠檬酸结晶分离后的母液使树脂柱再吸附的步骤。
9.如权利要求 7〜8 中任何一项所述的方法, 其特征在于所述发酵液是用微 生物, ^er ^iA? 7½ ar发酵选自甘薯、 木薯、 玉米、 糖蜜等碳水化合物得到 的柠檬酸发酵液。
10.如权利要求 7〜8中任何一项所述的方法, 其特征是所述的脱附步骤中进 入树脂床的热去离子水温度为 85〜95°C, 树脂床夹套需用蒸汽保温, 蒸汽温度为
80〜140°C。
PCT/CN2002/000336 2001-12-19 2002-05-20 Resines adsorbantes amphoteres a faible acidite et forte basicite et procede de separation et de purification d'acide citrique WO2003051808A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002306265A AU2002306265A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2002-05-20 Weak acid strong base amphoteric adsorptive resins and the process of separation and purification of citric acid

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CNB011380187A CN1141289C (zh) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 一种柠檬酸发酵液中提取柠檬酸的清洁生产工艺
CN01138018.7 2001-12-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003051808A1 true WO2003051808A1 (fr) 2003-06-26

Family

ID=4674313

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2002/000336 WO2003051808A1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2002-05-20 Resines adsorbantes amphoteres a faible acidite et forte basicite et procede de separation et de purification d'acide citrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
CN (1) CN1141289C (zh)
AU (1) AU2002306265A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2003051808A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100339351C (zh) * 2005-08-26 2007-09-26 江南大学 一种从有机酸发酵液和相应有机酸产品母液中分离残糖以提纯有机酸的方法
FR2953831B1 (fr) * 2009-12-16 2012-03-09 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production d'esters alkyliques a partir d'huile vegetale ou animale et d'un monoalcool aliphatique avec purification a chaud en lit fixe.
CN102249897A (zh) * 2011-05-10 2011-11-23 安徽丰原生物化学股份有限公司 一种柠檬酸母液的处理方法
CN103695319B (zh) * 2013-12-23 2016-02-17 安徽丰原发酵技术工程研究有限公司 一种生产柠檬酸的菌株及其发酵制备柠檬酸的方法
CN105749584B (zh) * 2014-12-15 2017-11-07 中粮集团有限公司 一种模拟移动床分离物质的方法
BR112018011184B1 (pt) * 2015-12-01 2022-09-06 Dow Global Technologies Llc Método para separar cromatograficamente ácido propiônico de uma mistura de alimentação líquida
MY200559A (en) * 2017-06-22 2024-01-03 Archer Daniels Midland Co Process for separation and purification of a dicarboxylic acid containing mixture
CN109053430A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-21 河北乐开节能科技股份有限公司 一种高效分离柠檬酸中杂酸的方法
CN110317297A (zh) * 2019-07-17 2019-10-11 河北利江生物科技有限公司 乙烯基吡啶两性树脂的制备方法
CN112552164B (zh) * 2020-12-08 2022-12-09 日照金禾博源生化有限公司 一种从不合格柠檬酸钠母液中提取苹果酸的工艺方法
CN113527757B (zh) * 2021-07-26 2022-11-04 江南大学 一种含氮杂环两性树脂及其吸附分离小分子有机酸的应用

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1105980A (zh) * 1994-11-04 1995-08-02 秦涛 从柠檬酸发酵液中提取柠檬酸的方法
CN1145060A (zh) * 1994-02-15 1997-03-12 莱利工业公司 解吸方法和装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1145060A (zh) * 1994-02-15 1997-03-12 莱利工业公司 解吸方法和装置
CN1105980A (zh) * 1994-11-04 1995-08-02 秦涛 从柠檬酸发酵液中提取柠檬酸的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1358707A (zh) 2002-07-17
CN1141289C (zh) 2004-03-10
AU2002306265A1 (en) 2003-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20110288191A1 (en) Macroporous absorbent resin for extracting cephalosporin c and method of preparation
WO2003051808A1 (fr) Resines adsorbantes amphoteres a faible acidite et forte basicite et procede de separation et de purification d&#39;acide citrique
CN102942701B (zh) 一种含酚羟基超高交联吸附树脂及其制备方法和应用
CN105037601A (zh) 一种耐污染型深度软化螯合树脂的合成方法
Wickramasinghe et al. Adsorptive membranes and resins for acetic acid removal from biomass hydrolysates
US4895662A (en) Purification of effluent from wood pulp bleach plant
CN110237823B (zh) 一种乙烷优先吸附的金属有机框架材料及其制备方法
WO1991003574A1 (en) Process for purifying sugar solutions
WO2023279277A1 (zh) 有机锡蔗糖配合物的制备方法
EP0365635B1 (en) Process for decolorizing aqueous sugar solutions via adsorbent resins, and desorption of color bodies from the adsorbent resins
CN106362712A (zh) 稻壳基离子交换型吸附材料、其制备方法及用途
CN114573864B (zh) 一种多孔吸附树脂及其制备方法和应用
EP1137619A1 (en) A method of dewatering organic liquids
CN110845645A (zh) 一种功能基化后交联树脂及其制备方法和应用
US4543432A (en) Separation of isopropyl alcohol from tertiary butyl alcohol by selective adsorption
CN113214531B (zh) 一种疏/亲水型互贯网络树脂及其制备和应用
CN112337447B (zh) 一种发酵液中1,2,4-丁三醇的分离方法
EP0882803B1 (en) Decolorization of sugar syrups using functionalized adsorbents comprising a highly crosslinked macroporous styrenic copolymer
MXPA01011553A (es) Decoloracion del guarapo por medio de intercambiadores de aniones monodispersados.
EP0496405A1 (en) Porous resin and process for its production
US20020022671A1 (en) Sulfonation process
CN101980962B (zh) 从液氨除去卤素的方法
JPH04248819A (ja) 多孔性樹脂及びその製造方法
AU2012217838A1 (en) Methods and systems useful for drying ethanol
EP3615697B1 (en) Treatment of sugar solutions

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: JP

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: JP