WO2003047758A1 - Procede et equipement de broyage mettant en oeuvre un cyclone - Google Patents

Procede et equipement de broyage mettant en oeuvre un cyclone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003047758A1
WO2003047758A1 PCT/CN2002/000796 CN0200796W WO03047758A1 WO 2003047758 A1 WO2003047758 A1 WO 2003047758A1 CN 0200796 W CN0200796 W CN 0200796W WO 03047758 A1 WO03047758 A1 WO 03047758A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
powder
separator
cylinder
centrifugal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2002/000796
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hongfu Wang
Original Assignee
Hongfu Wang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hongfu Wang filed Critical Hongfu Wang
Priority to AU2002349725A priority Critical patent/AU2002349725A1/en
Priority to CN 02824387 priority patent/CN1599646A/zh
Publication of WO2003047758A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003047758A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C7/00—Apparatus not provided for in group B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00; Multiple arrangements not provided for in one of the groups B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00; Combinations of apparatus covered by two or more of the groups B04C1/00, B04C3/00, or B04C5/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pulverizing or grinding method and special equipment, which can be widely used in various industries for manufacturing small granular or powder products such as wheat flour milling, corn processing, feed crushing, ore crushing and the like.
  • Crushing or grinding is an essential process for the production of many industrial products and daily necessities.
  • pulverization refers to the processing of raw materials into small particle finished products
  • grinding refers to the processing of raw materials into powdery finished products.
  • grinding is smaller than the crushed finished product particles.
  • the pulverization process is divided into two processes, pulverization and pulverization, before and after the batching. According to the number of times from raw material to finished product pulverization, it is divided into two processes: pulverization and pulverization.
  • the first crushing process refers to pulverizing the raw materials and then compounding according to the formula, and the latter crushing refers to the first compounding and then crushing.
  • the first pulverization process has the advantages of high pulverizer operation index, high equipment use efficiency, low installed capacity, convenient control operation and single machine failure will not immediately affect the whole plant production, but there are also additional batching warehouses, large capital investment, not suitable for raw materials It also has the disadvantages of frequent changes in the finished feed and the ingredients in the ingredients warehouse are easy to agglomerate.
  • the crushing process has strong adaptability to changes in the types of raw materials and finished feed, there is no need to add an ingredient warehouse, which saves infrastructure investment and other advantages.
  • the installed capacity of the crushing process is 20%-50% higher, the power consumption is 5%-12% higher, the crusher has low efficiency, inconvenient control, and once it fails, it will affect the plant's production and other shortcomings.
  • the one-time pulverization process refers to a process that uses only one pulverization operation to reach the particle size requirement of the finished product.
  • the multi-time pulverization process refers to a process that uses two or more powder ⁇ f operations on the material to achieve the particle size requirement of the finished product.
  • One of the typical equipment used in the pulverization process is the "one-wind blow" mill for wheat flour milling, the hammer mill for the processing of materials, and the pendulum mill for ore crushing.
  • the "one-wind blowing" mill and the shovel pulverizer are equipped with a screen cylinder, and the pendulum mill is an analysis machine installed above the pendulum mill for screening.
  • pulverization processes such as the existing secondary pulverization of feed processing and the multiple grinding of wheat flour, require the addition of two or more pulverizing or grinding equipment, as well as additional screening and conveying equipment.
  • the primary crushing process has the advantages of small number of equipment and small investment, it also has the disadvantages of low equipment efficiency, large power consumption, and uneven thickness of the finished product.
  • the secondary crushing process has high output, low power consumption, and consistent thickness of the finished product, it needs to increase equipment such as classifying screens, conveyors, and crushers, and increases investment.
  • the ordinary screening equipment used in the existing process not only has a complicated structure and price. Higher, and because the wear is too fast, it is not suitable for the application in ore screening.
  • the conveying process in the crushing or grinding process has two forms of mechanical conveying and pneumatic conveying.
  • pneumatic conveying has the advantages of convenient installation of pipelines, occupying a small area of the factory building, and the negative pressure generated can significantly improve the crushing efficiency and is effective. It has the advantages of controlling powder particle size and reducing environmental pollution, but also has the disadvantages of large power consumption, large equipment investment and high operating technology requirements.
  • most of the existing pneumatic conveying methods use old-fashioned centrifugal separators (also known as unloaders to discharge materials). Such separators have low separation efficiency, which seriously restricts the improvement of product output and quality. Summary of the invention
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a crushing or grinding process flow and special equipment that can save investment, reduce energy consumption, improve production efficiency and product quality.
  • Another object of the present invention is to change the ordinary centrifugal separator used in the original multiple crushing or grinding process to a centrifugal separator with a filter screen, and eliminate all or most of the screening equipment.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pulverizing and / or grinding method and a device that can save investment, reduce energy consumption, improve production efficiency and product quality.
  • the above object is achieved by a method provided by the present invention, which method comprises pulverizing and / or grinding one or more materials with one or more pulverizers and / or mills,
  • the pneumatic conveying method is used to convey the crushed and / or ground materials. It is characterized in that one or more cascades are used to convey the materials pneumatically, with a filter and an electric material removal mechanism, and the aperture of the filter is sequentially reduced.
  • a small centrifugal separator performs pneumatic classification and separation in order to separate one or several finished or semi-finished products with different particle sizes in one processing cycle.
  • the above object is achieved by a device provided by the present invention, which device includes one or more pulverizing and / or pulverizing machines, one or more cascades, a strainer and a motor A centrifugal separator that removes the accumulation mechanism and reduces the sieve diameter in order.
  • the centrifugal separator with a strainer and an electric de-accumulation mechanism in the device comprises a cylindrical cylinder with a lower section connected with a small cone-shaped cylinder and a small cylindrical cylinder, and a cross section mounted on the upper part of the cylinder in a tangential direction. It is a rectangular air inlet pipe, a cylindrical exhaust pipe installed at the center of the upper end of the cylinder, and a plug board installed in a small cylinder below the cylinder. An arc-shaped loading and unloading door is installed on the upper part of the cylinder.
  • a cylindrical filter cylinder is installed at the lower end of the exhaust pipe. The filter cylinder is fixed to the upper end of the conical dust collector.
  • An electric material removal device is installed below the filter cylinder. The lower end of the dust bucket is inserted into the electric material removal device.
  • the upper end hole of the hollow shaft of the gear box of the device, and the circular small dust particle outlet pipe is installed outside the lower end hole of the hollow shaft of the gear box of the electric material removal
  • the electric material removing device in the device has the following structure: one is fixed on the barrel A square box-shaped gear box at the lower center position. Inside the box, there is a small bevel gear connected to a reducer installed outside the barrel through a transmission shaft, and a large bevel gear sleeved on a hollow shaft and meshing with the small bevel gear.
  • the door frame The shape of the brush plate holder is fixed on the upper end face of the large bevel gear that passes through the gear box body, and the long-shaped brush is fixed on the brush plate holder.
  • the upper end of the hollow hole of the hollow shaft is connected to the dust collector, and the lower end is connected to the small bucket.
  • the dust particle outlet pipe is connected.
  • the filter cylinder in the above device is preferably made of a cylindrical metal frame covered with a screen.
  • the material pore size of the screen should be based on the nature, content, particle size, and temperature, humidity, pH and dust removal of the medium being cleaned. The effect requires various factors to determine.
  • a device embodiment 1 having the effect of removing sheet-like materials with small specific gravity from materials in as few processes as possible, which is characterized in that the device includes a roller type Mill and an impact powder loosening machine connected thereafter, and one or more centrifugal separators with a filter and a material removal mechanism connected after the impact powder loosening machine, the first of which is a filter
  • the separator with the largest mesh is connected to the powder cleaner, and the powder cleaner is connected to a roller mill.
  • the roller mill is then connected to the impact powder loosener, the centrifugal dust collector with a filter and an accumulation mechanism. And duster.
  • Embodiment 2 of a feed pulverizing device which is characterized in that a plurality of impact pulverizers for primary pulverization are installed on the upper floor of a feed factory, and the feeding ports of these pulverizers and The feed formula requires that the silos to be pulverized are communicated with each other, and its discharge port is connected with multiple matching air inlets of the centrifugal separator with a filter and an electric de-accumulating mechanism for the primary separation with which it is matched.
  • the powder outlet of the lower end of the centrifugal separator with a filter and a de-accumulation mechanism is merged together, it is connected to the feeding port of the secondary crushing impact crusher installed on the next floor, and the output of the secondary crushing impact crusher is discharged.
  • the outlet is upward through the pipe, and then is combined with the upper air outlets of the primary separators to form a header pipe, which is connected to the air inlet of the coarse powder separator, and the air outlet at the upper end of the coarse powder separator is in communication with the air inlet of the fine powder separator, and the fine powder is separated.
  • the air outlet at the upper end of the device is connected to the air inlet of the centrifugal fan, and the air outlet of the fan is connected in series with the pipe of the outlet of the secondary crusher to form a circulating air network.
  • This device uses secondary powder. The crushing method crushes the material.
  • the impact pulverizer in the feed pulverizing device includes a rotor directly fixed on the motor shaft placed in a casing, a casing with a cylindrical inner end fixed to a motor flange, and A disk-shaped cover plate on which the stator disk is installed.
  • the rotor disk and the stator disk are equipped with three or more rows of dozens of billet cemented carbide pins.
  • the rotor disk and the stator disk are provided with circular annular grooves at predetermined positions. After assembly, the radial clearance between the rotor pin and the stator pin should meet the particle size requirements of the finished product particles crushed by the crusher.
  • the rotor pin and the stator pin should be equal to or slightly larger than the particle size size of the finished product particles after crushing, and the end face of the rotor pin is inserted into the corresponding slot of the stator disc (HJ slot, and the end face of the stator pin is inserted into the corresponding groove of the rotor disc.
  • all billet cemented carbide pins on the rotor and stator discs in the feed crushing device All are rectangular parallelepiped parts with a screw at one end, and the solid carbide parts that have been processed into a box shape are fixed by brazing or gluing around a large plane of the rectangular parallelepiped.
  • a device embodiment 3 capable of separating two or more materials with different particle sizes in one cycle of pneumatic conveying, which is characterized in that a pendulum mill is crushed
  • the outlet is connected to the first of a set of more than two centrifugal dust collectors with a filter and a de-accumulation mechanism, that is, the inlet of the one with the largest filter aperture, and the output of the last stage separator
  • the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the fan, and the air outlet of the fan is connected to the lower air inlet of the pendulum mill, thus forming a unit.
  • the centrifugal separator with a filter used in the present invention is made of an electric material removing mechanism that adds a filter cylinder and a material removal on the lower end of the original centrifugal air outlet pipe.
  • this separator also separates smaller and lighter materials using the screening principle.
  • This separator can control the separation of material particles by changing the pore size of the filter. Size, if necessary, more than two centrifugal separators with filters can be connected in series to achieve two or more finished and semi-finished materials with different particle sizes in one unreal seeding division. In addition, this separator is pneumatically classified.
  • the screen surface has less abrasion, and the finished products and semi-finished products are screened with high purity and small fine powder content, which is of great significance in many industries.
  • the pulverizing or grinding unit using a centrifugal separator with a screen can replace all screening equipment in most situations where the separation accuracy is not too high (such as feed grinding and ore grinding). Where high separation accuracy is required (such as wheat milling industry), it can replace some screening equipment. Since the present invention only adds several relatively low-cost centrifugal separators, and all or part of the screening equipment that is omitted is relatively expensive and has a large area, the invention can save investment and reduce the area.
  • the grading screening and separation are completed at the same time in the process of pneumatic conveying.
  • the added value of energy consumption can be solved by only increasing the fan model or motor power.
  • the pneumatic grading screening is shorter and faster than the ordinary screening process. Therefore, the invention has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, and significant economic benefits.
  • the method of the present invention has scientific and advanced methods, simple equipment selection, excellent performance, high work efficiency, low investment, low environmental pollution, wide application area, and uniform product particle size and good quality. And other advantages, its economic and social benefits are very significant. Further description will be made below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a centrifugal separator with a filter that implements a pneumatic classification and grinding method.
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an electric material removing mechanism of a centrifugal separator with a filter screen.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for implementing the patent in a skin milling system for wheat flour milling.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention in a feed processing and pulverizing step.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the impact crusher.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for implementing the patent on ore crushing. :
  • the barrel 3 of the centrifugal separator with a strainer is composed of a cylindrical barrel at the two ends and a conical barrel in the middle.
  • a circular arc-shaped loading and unloading door 4 is installed on the barrel 3, and an upper part of the barrel 3 is installed.
  • a cylindrical exhaust pipe 1 is arranged in the center of the upper end face of the large cylindrical upper plate of the cylinder 3, and a cylindrical shape is installed at the lower end of the exhaust pipe 1.
  • Strainer cylinder 10 the lower part of the strainer cylinder 10 is equipped with an electric material removing mechanism 5, a plug plate 7 is installed in a small cylinder at the lower end of the cylinder body 3, and the lower end of the strainer cylinder 10 is fixed on the upper end of the conical collecting hopper 9.
  • the lower end of 9 is inserted into the upper end of the shaft hole of the hollow shaft 8 of the gear box of the electric gear removal mechanism 5 and the cylindrical shape.
  • the small pellet outlet pipe 6 is connected to the lower end of the hollow shaft 8.
  • the electric de-accumulation mechanism of the centrifugal separator with a filter includes a square box gear box 16 fixed at the lower center of the cylinder 1, and a transmission shaft 14 and a cylinder 1
  • a small bevel gear 15 connected to the outer speed reducer 13 and a large bevel gear 17 sleeved on the hollow shaft 8 and meshing with the small bevel gear 15.
  • the door frame-shaped brush plate frame 12 is fixed on the upper end face of the large bevel gear 17 penetrating to the gear box body 16.
  • the long-shaped brush 11 is fixed on the brush plate frame 12, and the upper end of the hollow hole of the hollow shaft 8 and The collecting hopper 9 is connected, and the lower end is connected to the small pellet outlet pipe 6, so that it has the dual functions of supporting the large bevel gear 17 and providing a discharge channel for small materials.
  • the work of the electric material removal mechanism is completed by the reduction gear 13 driving the transmission shaft 14, the small bevel gear 15, the large bevel gear 17, the brush plate holder 12 and the brush 11 in turn.
  • the brush on the electric material removal mechanism 5 powered by the electric speed reducer 13 keeps rotating, brushes the material adhered to the filter cylinder 10, prevents the filter from blocking, and ensures the centrifugation with the filter.
  • the separator works normally continuously.
  • the function of the inserting plate 7 located at the lower end of the cylinder 3 is to ensure that the lower openings of the cylinder 3 and the small pellet outlet pipe 6 only allow the material to be discharged outwards, and air is not allowed to enter the cylinder 3. If necessary, an equivalent function can be used. Instead, use sealed containers or deaerators.
  • the loading and unloading UI 4 is used for disassembling the screen cylinder 10, the collecting hopper 9, the electric material removing mechanism 5 and the small pellet outlet pipe 6 in the cylinder 3 when the maintenance device is installed.
  • a centrifugal separator is a machine that uses the centrifugal force of a rotating air stream to blow solid particles in the air containing the material onto the wall of a cylindrical or conical container, and causes the solid particles to slide down the wall of the cylinder to achieve the purpose of separation.
  • the centrifugal separator has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and price, wide application area, and convenient use and maintenance.
  • the efficiency of existing centrifugal separators can reach more than 95% when separating materials above 40 microns, but the efficiency can only reach about 40% when separating materials below 5 microns, which has long been unable to meet the rapid industrial development requirements. .
  • the centrifugal separator with a filter is equipped with a filter cartridge and an electric deaerator mechanism 5 at the lower end of the original centrifugal exhaust pipe, so except that larger and heavier materials can be separated by the centrifugal principle, the diameter is larger than that of the filter.
  • the material is blocked outside the filter screen for separation. Due to the separation principle of the centrifugal separator with the filter screen, the separation principle has been changed from pure centrifugal force to the main filter screen. The separation efficiency is greatly improved.
  • the centrifugal separator with filter screen removes the accumulation of material on the screen by the electric material removal mechanism 5.
  • the brush on the electric material removing mechanism 5 driven by the motor rotates around the filter cylinder to sweep away the material continuously, so that the separator can work effectively without interruption.
  • centrifugal separator with a filter can control the size of the separated material particles by adjusting the pore size of the filter, it is also possible to use two or more separators with the pore size of the filter in order to be used in series. In the process, two or more finished or semi-finished products with different particle sizes are separated, which is of great significance and practical value in many industries and occasions.
  • a device for implementing a pneumatic classification separation and grinding method in a wheat flour-derived skin milling system is an impact powder loosening machine 21 connected to a first powder mill 20 outlet, and an impact powder loosening machine 21
  • the air inlet of a centrifugal separator 18 with a filter is connected below the discharge port, and the outlet of the lower end of the centrifugal separator 18 with a filter is connected downward to the inlet of the classifying sieve 19, and the outlet of the sieve on the classifying sieve 19 It is connected to the second leather mill 20 inlet,
  • the following equipment is the same except that the final classifying sieve 19 is replaced by the bran maker 22.
  • the existing wheat flour milling system is generally 4 to 5 passes, that is, from wheat to wheat flour to be milled 4 to 5 times, which not only has a long process, consumes a lot of time and energy, but also reduces the quality of flour, resulting in such a result.
  • the most important reason is that the prior art has a poor screening effect. A considerable amount of flour and coarse flour are mixed in the wheat husk. Therefore, repeated grinding and sieving are necessary to increase the extraction rate and make the bran relatively pure.
  • the device for carrying out the pneumatic fractionation and grinding method on a wheat flour-derived skin milling system is to allow wheat to be crushed by the first skin mill 20 and crushed by an impact loosening machine 21 to remove endosperm and flour adhered to the wheat skin.
  • the flour and endosperm adhered to the wheat husk are removed, and the centrifugal separator with a filter is classified by wind.
  • the fine powder is far more thorough than ordinary screening.
  • the wheat husk separated by the centrifugal separator 18 with a filter has much less endosperm and flour than ordinary recording and selection.
  • the separated wheat husk is sent to a classification sieve 19 for screening.
  • the sieving material that is, the endosperm content in the wheat husk, is further reduced.
  • the sieving material is sent to a second skin mill.
  • the bran 22 further removes the powder from the wheat husk.
  • a shock and powder machine 21 After grinding, it is impacted by a shock and powder machine 21, and then separated by a second centrifugal separator 18 with a filter and then passed through The bran 22 further removes the powder from the wheat husk.
  • only 2 skin mills 20 can be used to complete the work that previously required 4 to 5 skin mills 20, which not only reduces energy consumption, reduces equipment investment, but also significantly improves the quality of flour.
  • the roller mill 20 in this device is replaced with a rice mill or a shredder, the present invention can also be used to remove the shell or skin of rice, corn, beans, etc.
  • the device for implementing the crushing method of pneumatic classification by the feed processing and crushing process is to install a plurality of one-time impact crushers 23 (only three are shown in the figure) on the upper floor of the feed factory.
  • the feed inlet is communicated with the raw material silo that is crushed according to the requirements of the feed formula.
  • the feed outlet is connected with the air inlet of the centrifugal separator 18 with a filter and the primary separation. After the powder outlets at the lower end of the centrifugal separator 18 meet together, they are connected to the inlet of the secondary impact crusher 23 (only one is shown in the figure) installed on the next floor.
  • the outlet of the secondary impact crusher 23 goes up through the pipe, and then the air outlets at the upper end of the separator 18 with a filter are separated from the primary to form a header pipe. Then, it enters the centrifugal separator 18 with a filter to separate coarse powder.
  • the air outlet is connected, and the air outlet of the upper end of the centrifugal separator 18 with a filter for separating coarse powder is in communication with the air inlet of the separator 18 with a filter for separating fine powder, and the top of the centrifugal separator 18 with a filter for separating fine powder is out
  • the air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the centrifugal fan 24, and the air outlet of the centrifugal fan 24 is connected with the outlet pipe of the secondary impact crusher 23 in series to form a circulating air network.
  • the number of impact crushers selected for one crushing should be Coordination with the number of raw material varieties, preferably one material per machine, but in order to harmonize the entire production line, in order to fully realize the potential of the equipment and reduce the number of equipment *, a small proportion of raw materials can choose a small size crusher or similar two or more properties
  • the raw materials are sent to the same crusher for crushing.
  • the process flow of using this unit is: Firstly, according to the feed formula, all the raw materials to be crushed are supplied to multiple crushers at the same time according to this example. After an impact crusher
  • the crushed material enters the supporting primary separator with screen separator 18, because the mesh diameter of the primary separator with screen 18 is selected according to the maximum particle size of the finished product, so all particles that meet the requirements of the finished product are It can pass through the filter screen, but the large particles that do not meet the requirements of the finished product are blocked out of the filter screen and discharged from the powder outlet at the lower end of the separator 18 with a primary separation filter, and several primary separation with a filter.
  • the large particles separated by the separator 18 are collected, and then enter the secondary crushing impact crusher 23.
  • the secondary crushed materials have all reached the requirements of the finished product. These materials are discharged from the secondary impact crusher 23 discharge port.
  • the materials passing through the screen in the primary-separated screened separator 18 are merged, and then enter the coarse-screened separator 18 and the fine-screened separator 18
  • the mesh diameter of the separator 18 with a filter for separating coarse powder is selected according to the maximum limit value of the fine powder particles of the finished product.
  • the principle selection can not only ensure the efficient operation of the wind network, but also minimize the ultrafine powder content in the wind network.
  • the ratio of coarse and fine powder can be controlled by adjusting the mesh diameter of the separator 18 with a filter for separating coarse powder.
  • the separated coarse and fine powder can be used separately, so that the coarse powder feed particles are uniform, no fine powder, high quality, and
  • the fine powder can also be used in feed combinations that require fine powder ingredients.
  • the fine powder can also be mixed into the coarse powder after processing. In the process of separation and transportation, the crushed materials of various raw materials can be fully mixed, so the unit has a mixing function.
  • the process of the crushing process in the feed industry is divided into two types: first crushing and then crushing before and after the ingredients are crushed. From raw materials to finished products, it is divided into two types: first crushing and then crushing, and from raw materials to finished products. The number of crushing times is divided into two types: primary crushing and secondary crushing.
  • the four process methods each have their own advantages but also have disadvantages.
  • the most widely used feed crusher is the hammer crusher.
  • the working principle of the hammer shredder is that the motor drives the rotor of the shredder to rotate at a high speed in a cylindrical sieve plate cylinder placed in the casing, and dozens or dozens of hammers suspended on the rotor hammer plate rack are continuously hit into the sieve plate.
  • the material of the cylinder is crushed until the material is crushed to a size smaller than the aperture of the sieve plate and the small particle material has sufficient centrifugal speed.
  • the hammer pulverizer has the advantages of simple structure, good general performance, strong adaptability, high productivity, and safe use, so it is currently the most widely used pulverizer in the food and feed processing industry.
  • the biggest disadvantage of the hammer crusher is that after the material enters the sieve plate barrel and is hit for the first time, it is quickly brought into the circular motion along with the hammer blade. Material circulation layer.
  • the hammer blade is faster than the material in the circulation layer, the hammer blade still has the ability to crack and crush the material, and the material and the sieve plate, the material and the tooth plate and the material and The impact, shearing and friction between materials can also make the material continue to be crushed, but its crushing efficiency has been greatly reduced.
  • the large particles in the outer layer of the circulation layer prevent small particles from passing through the sieve holes in time, causing a considerable amount of material to operate ineffectively in the circulation layer, which not only consumes electricity in vain, but also forms repeated excessive crushing, which is not good for product quality. .
  • hammers manufactured by carburizing or quenching in the prior art have a short life
  • hammers manufactured by the surfacing tungsten carbide method have a longer life, but the welding process is complicated, the cost is high, and the rotor dynamic balance is not good.
  • the device for implementing the crushing method of pneumatic classification in the material processing and crushing process is to replace the hammer crusher in the original unit with a plurality of impact crushers as a one-time crusher, and at the same time crush all the conveyed materials from the raw material silo according to the prescribed proportion of the feed formula.
  • each impact crusher is equipped with a centrifugal separator with a filter to separate large particles that do not meet the requirements of the finished product.
  • the separated large particle materials are collected and sent to a secondary crushing impact crusher to be crushed again to meet the requirements of the finished product.
  • the material that is pulverized into finished products is then sent to two centrifugal separators with filter screens to separate the coarse powder feed and fine powder feed in order by pneumatic conveying. Because this unit adopts post-pulverization, secondary pulverization process and pneumatic conveying method, it certainly has all the advantages of these two processes and pneumatic conveying methods. At the same time, because of the multiple pulverizers used in the primary pulverization of the unit, each pulverizes only one. Two or more raw materials with similar properties, so it overcomes most of the shortcomings of the post-pulverization process.
  • the unit uses a secondary pulverization process, although the number of equipment has increased, but due to the increased impact pulverizer for secondary pulverization
  • the centrifugal separator with a strainer has a simple structure and a low price, so the total equipment investment is less than that of the existing secondary crushing process.
  • two centrifugal separators with filter screens are added by using the unit of the present invention, which can separate the finished coarse powder and finished fine powder respectively after the first and second crushing, which can significantly improve production efficiency and product quality.
  • the crushing unit adopting the invention uses multiple impact crushers to replace the original hammer crusher and has no screen, high crushing efficiency, large output, long life of wearing parts, convenient use and maintenance, simple structure, wide application, etc. .
  • a device for performing a pulverizing method of pneumatic classification is used for primary and secondary pulverization.
  • Impact pulverizers are used in this type of pulverizer.
  • the shell 27 of the impact pulverizer has a cylindrical inner cavity. Disk-shaped casing, the lower end of the casing 27 is connected to the flange of the motor 32, and its upper port is connected to the cover plate 26.
  • the disk-shaped stator plate 28 is fixed to the lower end surface of the cover plate 26.
  • the stator plate 28 is installed with three or more rows of dozens of stator pins 29.
  • the circular groove is machined at the position.
  • the disc-shaped rotor disc 30 is directly fixed on the motor 32 shaft.
  • the rotor disc 30 is also installed with three rows or more of dozens of rotor pins 31.
  • the circle is also machined at a predetermined position on the rotor disc.
  • Annular groove The design should ensure that the radial clearance between the rotor pin 31 and the stator pin 29 after the assembly can meet the requirements of the particle size of the crusher particles, and the outer end surface of the rotor pin 31 should be inserted into the EI slot of the stator disk 28.
  • the outer end face of the stator pin 29 It is inserted into the groove of the rotor disk 30.
  • the motor 32 rotates at high speed with the rotor disk 30.
  • the material enters the casing 27 from the inlet 25 in the center of the cover plate 26, and then moves outward in the radial direction due to airflow and centrifugal force. After the strong shear and impact of the upper three-circle rotor pin 31, it is thrown on the casing 27 and then violently impacted, and finally discharged from the discharge port 33, which becomes the crushed product.
  • This type of impactor does not use a screen to control the size of the finished product particles. Instead, it controls the size of the radial gap between the rotor pin and the stator pin. Every time a rotor rotates, each rotor writes off, there are dozens of times to approach each stator pin, and there is a chance of hitting the material, and all the rotor pins have tens of thousands of opportunities to strike, so as long as the rotor pin and the stator pin The radial gap between them is determined, except for the bran and forage flat materials, it is impossible to produce particulate materials larger than this gap. Therefore, it is reliable to control the size of the finished particles by this method.
  • the high-speed rotating rotor centrifugal force and the pneumatic conveying wind force the material to be quickly thrown out from the radial direction after being crushed.
  • There is basically no useless power consumption during the entire crushing process so the efficiency is significantly improved, and the energy consumption is greatly reduce.
  • the only consumable part in the impact crusher without sieve plate and tooth plate machine is the only pin that has the same function as the hammer.
  • this impact mill uses billet carbide pins.
  • the billet cemented carbide pin is a circular groove processed around a large plane on a rectangular parallelepiped steel pin with a screw at one end, and then brazed hard alloy square ring parts with hardness up to HRC75 are brazed.
  • the device for implementing the pulverization method of pneumatic classification in the feed processing and pulverization process has the advantages of comprehensive investment, high production efficiency, low power consumption, wide application area, long service life of wearing parts, and equipment use. Convenient maintenance, uniform product granules, good quality, high comprehensive benefits, and other significant economic and social benefits.
  • a device for implementing a pulverizing method of pneumatic classification in the ore pulverizing industry is to install a jaw crusher 36, a bucket elevator 34 and a pendulum mill 37 on the same floor plane.
  • the crusher outlet (9) is facing the hopper in the lower part of the bucket elevator 34.
  • the upper outlet of the bucket elevator 34 is connected to the inlet of the material selection device 35 below by a pipe, and the outlet of the material selection device 35 is straight through.
  • the inlet of 37, the upper end of the pendulum mill 37 is connected to the inlet of the large-grained ore separator (4), and the separator 18 with a screen to separate the coarse ore and the fine ore separator are connected in series in the following.
  • the separator 18 with a filter the air outlet of the upper end of the separator 18 with a filter that separates fine mineral powder communicates with the air inlet of the centrifugal fan 38, and the air outlet of the centrifugal fan 38 is at the bottom of the pendulum mill 37 Connected to the air inlet, in addition,
  • the powder outlet at the lower end of the separator 18 with a filter for separating large particles of ore is connected to the large particle ore silo 39, while the powder outlets at the lower ends of the coarse and fine powder separators are respectively connected to the coarse and fine powder silos (not shown in the figure). Draw) communicate.
  • the process of crushing the ore by this unit is: the ore first enters the jaw crusher 36 and is crushed and crushed into small pieces, then it is lifted by the bucket elevator 34, and then enters the pendulum mill 37 after passing through the material selection device 35. After further grinding, the powdery finished product that meets the requirements of the finished product and a part of the ore particles that do not reach the required particle size of the finished product are pulverized in the pendulum mill 37 by the air blown by the centrifugal fan 38 upward from the bottom of the pendulum mill 37. Directly enter the separator 18 with a filter for large-grained ore.
  • the diameter of the screen of the separator 18 with a filter for separating large-sized ore is based on the size of the ore particles that can pass through the filter and just reach the maximum size of the finished coarse powder. Trail requirements to choose. In this way, the ore powder that meets the requirements of the finished product can pass through the filter screen and then enter the separator 18 with a filter to separate the coarse ore powder. Large-grained ore that does not meet the required particle size of the finished product is blocked out of the screen and falls into the large-grained ore bin 39 through the powder outlet at the lower end of the separator.
  • Separator 18 with filter for separating coarse ore powder The pore size of the filter is selected according to the maximum particle size requirement of the finished fine powder.
  • the fine ore powder that meets the requirements of the finished fine powder can pass through the filter and enter the filter with fine ore separation
  • the separator 18 of the net, and the coarse ore powder is blocked out of the filter screen. After being discharged from the powder outlet at the lower end of the separator, it enters the coarse ore powder silo (not shown in the figure).
  • the separator 18 of the net can separate the fine ore powder, and the fine ore powder is discharged from the powder outlet of the lower end of the separator 18 with a filter for separating the fine ore powder, and enters the fine ore silo (not shown in the figure).
  • the air discharged from the air outlet at the upper end of the separator 18 with a filter for separating fine mineral powder contains only a very small amount of ultrafine mineral powder (if necessary, an additional classifier can be added to separate the ultrafine powder).
  • the substantially clean air then enters the centrifugal fan 38 through the duct and resumes the next cycle.
  • the above process is the crushing process of pneumatic classification.
  • the purpose of adding a large-grain ore silo 39 in this unit is to store large-grain ore, after it has been accumulated to a certain amount, cut off the incoming material from the material selection device 35, and send the large-grain ore directly to the pendulum mill. Grinded separately in 37.
  • the large-grain ore bin 39 can also be omitted, and the large-grain ore can be directly sent to another small-size pendulum mill or impact mill for grinding. This can greatly increase unit output.
  • Pendulum mill is a kind of equipment for grinding hard materials such as ore. It is widely used in refractories and other industries. This unit generally consists of a jaw crusher, a bucket elevator, a set of material selection device, a pendulum mill, an analyzer, a centrifugal fan, and two centrifugal separators connected by a number of pipes Composed together. During work, the ore is first crushed into small pieces by a jaw crusher, and then lifted by a bucket elevator. After the material selection device, it enters a pendulum mill for further grinding, a centrifugal fan, a pendulum mill, an analyzer, The centrifugal separator and related pipes form a wind net that lifts and separates the ore powder.
  • the fan blows up the ore powder crushed into the finished product and the small-sized ore that does not meet the requirements of the finished product from the bottom of the pendulum mill.
  • the analyzer uses a speed-regulating motor to adjust the rotation speed of a disc-type multi-blade impeller to stop the particle size from reaching the finished product.
  • the small-particle ore with the required particle size passes, forcing it to fall and continue to be ground.
  • the air with the finished powder passes through the analyzer and continues to rise, and enters the centrifugal separator. In the centrifugal separator, a part of the finished ore powder is separated, and a part With the air, the ore powder enters the fan again through the corresponding pipes and circulates in the wind network.
  • the existing unit has the following two major drawbacks. One is that although the analyzer can play an effective screening role, its structure is complicated, the cost is high, and the use and maintenance are inconvenient. The most important thing is its power consumption and the power of the matching fan. Excessive consumption. The second is that the existing unit uses a single centrifugal separator with the lowest separation efficiency. As a result, a considerable part of the ore powder cannot be separated and is circulated in the wind network with the air. This not only wastes electricity, but also reduces product output. Accelerate the wear and tear of related parts, and cause the unit to choose inefficient centrifugal fans with a very backward structure and an efficiency of only about 40%. The end result is that more than 60% of the work done by the fan motor is useless. Fans, centrifugal separators, And the service life of related pipelines was shortened by more than half, and the output of the entire unit was reduced by at least 20%.
  • the device for implementing the pulverization method of pneumatic classification in the ore crushing industry eliminates the analysis machine in the original unit, and uses a centrifugal separator with a filter to separate the larger particles of ore that are blown by the fan and do not meet the requirements of the finished product. , And then send them to the original pendulum mill or the new mill to re-grind. This will not only reduce energy consumption, but also increase unit output. Using two centrifugal separators with filters will further reach the finished product. The required coarse ore powder and fine ore powder are separated separately.
  • the device for implementing the pulverization method of pneumatic classification in the ore pulverization industry has a scientific and reasonable design structure, simple and applicable equipment structure, large output, high efficiency, low power consumption, and convenient use and maintenance.
  • the product has the advantages of long service life, wide application range, fine and fine powder, and high product quality. Its economic and social benefits are very significant.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Description

气力分级分离的粉碎或研磨方法及专用设备 本发明技术领域
本发明涉及一种粉碎或研磨方法及专用设备， 它可广泛用于小麦制粉、 玉米 加工、 饲料粉碎、 矿石粉碎等各种制造小颗粒状或粉末状产品的行业中。
粉碎或研磨是生产许多工业产品和日常生活必需品所必不可少的工序。 这里 粉碎指将原料加工成小颗粒成品， 而研磨指将原料加工成粉末状成品，一般研磨 比粉碎的成品颗粒小， 两者工艺方法无任何区别。 为使叙述简便以下工艺方法只 从粉碎角度论述。 本发明背景技术
目前， 粉碎工艺流程按粉碎在配料前后分为先粉碎和后粉碎两种工艺， 按从 原料到制成成品粉碎的次数分为一次粉碎和多次粉碎两种工艺。先粉碎工艺指将 原料粉碎后再按配方配料，后粉碎则指先按配方配料后再粉碎。先粉碎工艺具有 粉碎机运转指数高， 设备使用效率高， 装机容量低， 控制操作方便及单机故障不 马上影响全厂生产等优点， 但亦有需增建配料仓， 基建投资大， 不适于原料及成 品饲料变化较多的场合及配料仓原料易结块等缺点，而后粉碎工艺虽有对原料和 成品饲料品种变化适应性强， 不需增设配料仓， 节省基建投资等优点， 但又有比 先粉碎工艺装机容量高 20 % - 50 % , 动力消耗高 5 % - 12 % , 粉碎机效率低， 控 制不便， 且一旦出故障马上影响全厂生产等缺点。 而一次粉碎工艺指对物料只用 一次粉碎作业即达到成品粒度要求的工艺，多次粉碎工艺是指对物料采用两次或 两次以上粉^ f 作业才能达到成品粒度要求的工艺。其中一次粉碎工艺采用的典型 设备有小麦制粉的 "一风吹"磨， 伺料加工的锤片粉碎机和矿石粉碎的摆式磨粉 机组等。 上述设备中 "一风吹"磨和倕片粉碎机中都装有筛网筒， 而摆式磨粉机 组则是在一台摆式磨粉机上方加装一台起筛选作用的分析机。多次粉碎工艺如现 有饲料加工的二次粉碎和小麦制粉的多次研磨等工艺则除了需用两台或多台粉 碎或研磨设备之外还需另增加与其配套的筛选和输送设备。一次粉碎工艺虽有设 备数量少， 投资小等优点， 但又有设备效率低， 动力消耗大， 成品粗细不均等缺 点。 而二次粉碎工艺虽然产量高，动力消耗小，成品粗细一致，但需增加分级筛， 输送机及粉碎机等设备， 投资加大， 另外现有工艺采用的普通筛选设备， 不仅结 构复杂， 价格较高， 而且因磨损太快， 不适于在矿石筛选中应用， 而分析机类的 设备则因结构过于复杂， 价格昂贵， 使用维修不便， 运行费用太高， 所以推广应 用价值不大。目前粉碎或研磨工艺中的输送工序都有机械输送和气力输送两种形 式， 其中气力输送与机械输送相比具有管道安装方便， 占用厂房面积小， 产生的 负压能明显提高粉碎效率， 并有效控制粉料粒度和减少环境污染等优点，但又有 功率消耗大，设备投资大和操作技术要求高等缺点。特别是现有气力输送方法大 都采用老式离心分离器分离 （又称用卸料器卸料）， 这种分离器分离效率很低， 严重制约着产品产量和质量的提高。 本发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种能节省投资， 减少能耗， 提高生产效率和产品质量的 粉碎或研磨工艺流程及专用设备。
本发明的另一目的是通过将原多次粉碎或研磨工艺流程中采用的普通离心 分离器改为带滤网的离心分离器， 并省去全部或大部分筛选设备实现的。
因此， 本发明目的是提供一种能节省投资， 减少能耗， 提高生产效率和产品 质量的粉碎和 /或研磨方法和所用装置。
按照本发明的一个方面， 上述目的通过本发明提供的一种方法得以实现， 该 方法包括用一台或多台粉碎和 /或磨粉机对一种或多种物料进行粉碎和 /或研磨， 并采用气力输送方法输送被粉碎和 /或研磨后的物料， 其特征在于， 用气力输送 物料的同时采用一台或多台串连、带滤网和电动除积料机构且滤网孔径依次减小 的离心分离器进行气力分级筛选和分离，以便在一个加工周期内分离出一种或几 种不同粒度的成品或半成品。
按照本发明的另一个方面， 上述目的通过本发明提供的一种装置得以实现， 该装置包括一台或多台粉碎和 /或磨粉机、 一台或多台串连、 带滤网和电动除积 料机构且滤网孔径依次减小的离心分离器。
优选的是， 该装置中带滤网和电动除积料机构的离心分离器包括一个下部接 一小段锥形筒和小圓柱形筒的圆筒状筒体，一个安装在筒体上部切线方向截面为 长方形的进风管，一个安装在筒体上端面中央位置的圆筒状排风管和一个安装在 筒体下鴣小圓筒内的插板， 在筒体上部装有圓弧形装卸门，在排风管下端安装有 圆筒形滤网筒， 该滤网筒固定在圆锥形集尘斗上端， 滤网筒下方安装了电动除积 料装置， 集尘斗的下端插入电动除积料装置齿轮箱的空心轴上端孔内， 而圆管状 的小尘粒出口管则安装在电动除积料装置齿轮箱空心轴下端孔外。
更为优选的是， 该装置中的电动除积料装置具有如下结构： 一个固定在筒体 下部中央位置的方箱状齿轮箱体，箱体内有一个通过传动轴与安装在筒体外的减 速机相连的小伞齿轮和一个套在空心轴上并与小伞齿轮啮合的大伞齿轮，门框形 的刷板架固定在大伞齿轮穿到齿轮箱体以外的上端面上，长条形毛刷则固定在刷 板架上， 而空心轴中空的孔上端与集尘斗相连， 下端与小尘粒出口管相连。
上述装置中的滤网筒优选用筛网覆盖在圓筒形金属框架上制成， 筛网的材料 孔径应根据被清理尘尘性质， 含量， 颗粒大小， 及介质的温度， 湿度， 酸碱度及 除尘效果的要求诸因素来确定。
按照本发明的一种实施方式， 提供了一种功效在于用尽可能少的工序将物料 中片状， 比重小的物料清除出来的装置实施例 1， 其特征在于， 该装置包括一台 辊式磨和其后所接的一台撞击松粉机，以及所述撞击松粉机后所接的一台或多台 带滤网和除积料机构的离心分离器，其中第一台即滤网网孔最大的分离器后面再 接清粉机， 清粉机后再接一台辊式磨， 该辊式磨后再依次接撞击松粉机、 带滤网 和除积料机构的离心除尘器和清粉机。
按照本发明的另一种实施方式， 提供了一种飼料粉碎装置实施例 2, 其特征 在于， 在饲料厂上层楼安装多台一次粉碎用的撞击粉碎机， 这些粉碎机的进料口 与按饲料配方要求需粉碎原料的料仓分别相通，其出料口与和它配套的初级分离 用的多台带滤网和电动除积料机构的离心分离器的进风口相连，初级分离的多台 带滤网和除积料机构的离心分离器下端粉料出口汇合到一起后，与在下一层楼安 装的二次粉碎的撞击粉碎机进料口相连，二次粉碎的撞击粉碎机的出料口通过管 道向上，再与多个初级分离器上端出风口汇总成一个总管后与粗粉分离器进风口 相通， 而粗粉分离器上端出风口又与细粉分离器进风口相通， 细粉分离器上端出 风口与离心风机的进风口相连，而风机的出风口再与二次粉碎机出料口管道串接 组成循环风网， 这一装置是用二次粉碎方法粉碎物料。
优选的是， 该饲料粉碎装置中的撞击粉碎机包括一个置于机壳内的直接固定 在电机轴上的转子， 一个内腔为圆柱形下端面固定在电机法兰盘上的机壳， 和一 个安装有定子盘的圆盘状盖板等组成，转子盘和定子盘上都安装有三排以上数十 个钢坯硬质合金柱销，转子盘和定子盘上规定位置都加工了圓环形槽， 总装后转 子柱销与定子柱销之间的径向间隙大小应满足粉碎机所粉碎出的成品颗粒粒径 大小要求， 除谷亮， 牧草等高纤维物料外， 转子柱销与定子柱销之间径向间隙应 等于或略大于要求粉碎后成品颗粒的粒径尺寸，且转子柱销端面插入定子盘相应 的 (HJ槽中， 定子柱销端面插入转子盘相应的凹槽中。
更为优选的是， 该饲料粉碎装置中的转子和定子盘上所有钢坯硬质合金柱销 都是一端有一段螺杆的长方体状零件，在长方体的一个大平面四周用铜焊或用胶 粘的方法固定了已加工成方框形的硬质合金零件。
按照本发明的又一种实施方式， 提供了一种可在气力输送一次循环中分离出 两种以上不同粒径物料的装置实施例 3 , 其特征在于， 将一台摆式磨粉机的粉碎 出口与一组串连使用的两台以上带滤网和除积料机构的离心除尘器中的第一台， 即滤网孔径最大的一台的进风口相连，而最后一级分离器的出风口与风机进风口 相连， 风机出风口与摆式磨粉机下部进风口相连'， 如此组成一个机组。
本发明采用的带滤网的离心分离器是在原离心分离器出风管下端增加滤网 筒和清除筒上积料的电动除积料机构制成的。这种分离器除用离心原理分离较大 较重的物料颗粒外， 同时用筛选原理分离较小， 较轻的物料， 这种分离器可通过 改变滤网孔径的方法，控制分离出物料颗粒的大小， 如果需要还可将两个以上带 滤网的离心分离器串连起来使用，达到在一次虚幻种分理处两种以上不同粒度的 成品和半成品物料来， 另外采用这种分离器用气力分级比现有筛选方法效率高， 筛面磨损小筛选出的成品和半成品纯度高，含细粉量小，这在许多行业都有重要 意义。采用带滤网的离心分离器的粉碎或研磨机组在大多数对分离精度无过高要 求的场合（如饲料粉碎和矿石研磨等）可以取代全部筛选设备。 而在对分离精度 要求较高的场合 (如小麦制粉行业 )则可取代部分筛选设备。 由于本发明只是增 加若干台价格相对较低的离心分离器而省去的全部或部分筛选设备则价格较高 且占地面积大， 所以本发明能节省投资， 减少占地面积。 本发明是在气力输送的 过程中， 同时完成分级筛选和分离的， 所耗能量的增加值只需加大风机型号或电 机功率即可解决， 气力分级筛选比起普通筛选流程短， 速度快， 所以本发明有能 耗低， 效率高， 经济效益显著等优点。
综上所述， 本发明与现有技术相比具有方法科学先进， 选用设备结构简单， 性能优良，工效高，投资省，对环境污染小，适用面广及分离出的产品粒度均匀， 质量好等优点， 其经济和社会效益均非常显著。 下面结合附图和实施例做进一步 说明。 附图说明
图 1 是实施气力分级分离研磨方法的带滤网的离心分离器的整体结构示意 图。
图 2是带滤网的离心分离器的电动除积料机构结构示意图。
图 3是在小麦制粉的皮磨系统实施本专利的装置结构示意图。 图 4是在饲料加工粉碎工序实施本 利的装置结构示意图。
图 5是撞击粉碎机的整体结构示意图。
图 6是在矿石粉碎上实施本专利的装置的示意图。 :
图中标号
1、 排风管 2、 进风管 , 3、 筒体 4、 装卸门
5、 电动除积料机构 6、 小粒料出口管 7、 插板 ' ' 8、 空心轴
9、 集料斗 10、 滤网筒 ' 11、 毛刷 12、 刷板架
13、 减速机 14、 传动轴 15、 小伞齿轮 16、 齿轮箱体
17、 大伞齿轮 18、 带滤网的离心分离器 19、 分级筛
20、 辊式磨粉机 21、 撞击松粉机 22、 打麸机 25、 进料口
26、 盖板 27、 机壳 28、 定子盘 29、 定子柱销
30、 , 转子盘 31、 转子柱销 32、 电机 33、 出料口
34、 , 斗式提升机 35、 选料装置 36、 颚式破碎机 37、 摆式磨粉机
38、 , 离心风机 39、 大颗粒矿石料仓 具体实施方式
图 1中， 带滤网的离心分离器的筒体 3是由两端各一段圆柱形筒中间一段圆 锥形筒组成， 在筒体 3上安装有圓弧形装卸门 4, 在筒体 3上部大圆柱筒切线方 向有一个截面为长方形的进风管 2， 筒体 3上部大圓柱的上端面封板中央有一个 圓筒形排风管 1 , 在排风管 1的下端安装一个圓筒状滤网筒 10, 滤网筒 10下部 安装有电动除积料机构 5 , 在筒体 3 下端小圆筒中安装一个插板 7， 滤网筒 10 的下端固定在锥形集料斗 9上端，集料斗 9的下端插入电动除积料机构 5齿轮箱 的空心轴 8轴孔的上端， 而圆筒状.小粒料出口管 6则接在空心轴 8的下端。
图 2中， 带滤网的离心分离器的电动除积料机构包括一个固定在筒体 1下部 中央位置的方箱状齿轮箱体 16, 箱体内有一个通过传动轴 14与安装在筒体 1外 的减速机 13相连的小伞齿轮 15和一个套在空心轴 8上并与小伞齿轮 15啮合的 大伞齿轮 17。 门框形的刷板架 12固定在大伞齿轮 17穿到齿轮箱体 16以外的上 端面上，.长条形毛刷 11则固定在刷板架 12上， 而空心轴 8中空的孔上端与集料 斗 9相连， 下端与小粒料出口管 6相连， 使它同时具有支撑大伞齿轮 17和为小 物料提供排出通道双重功能。 电动除积料机构的工作是靠减速机 13依次带动传 动轴 14, 小伞齿轮 15， 大伞齿轮 17, 刷板架 12和毛刷 11旋转完成的。
图 1所示的装置中， 带滤网的离心分离器工作时含尘空气由进风管 2进入筒 体 3， 空气中含有的较大较重的物料由于离心力作用会沿筒壁落下， 剩余粒径大 于滤网孔径的物料被挡在滤网外， 小于滤网孔径的物料穿过滤网， 其中一部分较 大较重的物料由于重力作用而落到滤网筒 5下端的集料斗 9中并通过小粒料出口 管 6落下，其余更小更轻的物料则随空气从排风管 1排出或进入滤网孔径更小的 带滤网的离心分离器进一步分离。 与此同时， 以电动减速机 13为动力的电动除 积料机构 5上的毛刷不停旋转，刷去粘附在滤网筒 10上的物料， 防止滤网阻塞， 保证带滤网的离心分离器连续正常工作。位于筒体 3下端的插板 7的功能是保证 筒体 3和小粒料出口管 6的下口只允许物料向外排出，不允许空气由此进入筒体 3 , 必要时可以用具有同等功能的密封容器或避风器等装置代替。 装卸 Π 4是供 安装维 殳备时， 拆装筒体 3内的滤网筒 10、 集料斗 9、 电动除积料机构 5和小 粒料出口管 6等用的。
离心分离器是一种利用旋转气流的离心力把含料空气中的固体颗粒吹到圆 柱型或圆锥型容器壁上，使固体颗粒沿筒壁滑下以达到分离目的的一种机器。 离 心分离器具有结构简单， 成本价格低廉， 适用面广， 使用维修方便等优点。 然而 现有的离心分离器分离 40微米以上的物料时其效率可达 95 %以上， 但分离 5微 米以下的物料时其效率则只能达到 40 %左右， 早已无法满足突飞猛进的工业发 展的要求了。
带滤网的离心分离器是在原有离心分离器排风管的下端安装了滤网筒和电 动除积料机构 5 , 所以除了较大较重的物料可用离心原理分离外， 比滤网孔径大 的物料被挡在滤网外分离，由于带滤网的离心分离器的分离原理已从单纯靠离心 力分离， 改为主要靠滤网分离了， 分离效率大幅度提高。 带滤网的离心分离器清 除滤网上积料的工作， 靠电动除积料机构 5完成。 电机带动的电动除积料机构 5 上的毛刷不间断的围绕滤网筒旋转扫除积料， 能使分离器不间断的有效工作。 因 为带滤网的离心分离器可以通过调节滤网孔径大小的方法控制分离出来物料颗 粒的大小， 还可以根据需要将两台以上滤网孔径依次减小的分离器串 起来使 用， 在一次循环过程中， 分离出两种以上粒径不同的成品或半成品¾^粒， 这在许 多行业和场合具有重要意义和实用价值。
实施例 1
如图 3中所示， 在小麦制粉的皮磨系统实施气力分级分离研磨方法的装置， 是在第一台皮磨 20出料口下接一台撞击松粉机 21 , 撞击松粉机 21 出料口下接 一台带滤网的离心分离器 18的进风口，而带滤网的离心分离器 18下端出料口向 下与分级筛 19进口相连，分级筛 19筛上物出料口再与第二台皮磨 20进口相连， 以下再接的设备除最后分级筛 19换成打麸机 22以外， 全部相同。
现有小麦制粉皮磨系统一般为 4 ~ 5道， 即从小麦到制成面粉麦皮要经 4 ~ 5 次研磨， 不仅流程长， 耗时耗能大， 而且面粉质量降低， 造成这样的结果的原因 最重要的是现有技术筛理效果差， 麦皮中搀杂相当多的面粉， 及粗粉粒， 所以不 得不反复研磨， 筛理， 才能提高取粉率， 并使麸皮较纯净。
在小麦制粉的皮磨系统实施气力分级分离研磨方法的装置是让小麦经第一 道皮磨 20碾碎后经一台撞击松粉机 21打掉粘附在麦皮上的胚乳及面粉后送一台 带滤网的离心分离器 18中分离。 因为在入磨前可通过加大着水量和延长润麦时 间，入磨时又可调节磨辊压力及转速差使扶皮尽可能保持完整，在分离时可通过 调节滤网孔径的大小， 将大部分麦皮分离出来， 加上进分离器前撞击松粉机 21 打掉粘附在麦皮上的面粉及胚乳，及带滤网的离心分离器风力分级筛选清除细粉 料远比普通筛选彻底得多的优势， 所以经带滤网的离心分离器 18分离出的麦皮 中含胚乳和面粉量远比普通錄选要少得多，这样分离出来的麦皮再送到一台分级 筛 19 筛选， 筛上物即麦皮中含胚乳量进一步减少， 筛上物再送第二道皮磨 20 研磨后再经撞击 、粉机 21打击，并用第二台带滤网的离心分离器 18分离然后再 经打麸机 22进一步除去麦皮中粉料。这样只用 2道皮磨 20即可完成以前需要 4 ~ 5道皮磨 20完成的工作， 不仅降低能耗， 减少设备投资而且使面粉质量明显提 高。 如果将此装置中的辊式磨 20换成碾米机或粉碎机， 用本发明清除大米， 玉 米， 豆类等中的壳或皮亦有同样效果。
实施例 2
如图 4中所示，饲料加工粉碎工序实施气力分级分离的粉碎方法的装置是在 飼料厂上层楼安装若干台一次撞击粉碎机 23 (图中只绘出三台）， 这些撞击粉碎 机 23的进料口与按饲料配方要求粉碎的原料仓分别相通， 其出料口与和它配套 的初级分离的带滤网的离心分离器分离器 18进风口相连， 初级分离的多台带滤 网的离心分离器 18下端粉料出口汇合到一起后与在下一层楼安装的二次撞击粉 碎机 23 (图中只绘出一台）进料口相连。 二次撞击粉碎机 23的出料口通过管道 向上， 再与多个初级分离的带滤网的分离器 18上端出风口汇总成一个总管后与 分离粗粉的带滤网的离心分离器 18进风口相通， 而分离粗粉的带滤网的离心分 离器 18上端出风口又与分离细粉的带滤网的分离器 18进风口相通，分离细粉的 带滤网的离心分离器 18上端出风口与离心风机 24的进风口相连， 而离心风机 24的出风口再与二次撞击粉碎机 23出料口管道串接组成循环风网。 因为机组的 工艺流程要求配料与向粉碎机供料同步，所以一次粉碎选用撞击粉碎机的台数应 与原料品种数协调， 最好一料一机， 但为使整个生产线协调一致， 为充分发挥设 备潜力和减少设备数 *,占比例小的原料可选小规格粉碎机或将两种以上性质相 近的原料送同一台粉碎机粉碎。采用本机组的工艺流程是： 首先按饲料配方将所 有需粉碎的原料按此例同时向一次粉碎的多台粉碎机供料。 经一次撞击粉碎机
23粉碎后的物料分别进入配套的初级分离的带滤网的分离器 18， 因为初级分离 的带滤网的分离器 18的滤网孔径按成品最大粒径选择， 所以凡是符合成品要求 的颗粒均可通过滤网， 而未达到成品要求的大颗'粒料则被挡在滤网外， 并从初级 分离的带滤网的分离器 18下端粉料出口排出， 若干台初级分离的带滤网的分离 器 18分离出的大颗粒料集中起来， 再进入二次粉碎的撞击粉碎机 23 , 经二次粉 碎的物料已全部达到成品要求， 这些物料从二次撞击粉碎机 23出料口排出后通 过相应管道与初级分离的带滤网的分离器 18中穿过滤网的 品料汇合在一起， 再进入分离粗粉的带滤网的分离器 18和分离细粉的带滤网的分离器 18中进一步 分离， 分离粗粉的带滤网的分离器 18的滤网孔径按成品细粉颗粒最大极限值选 择， 分离细粉的带滤网的分离器 18的滤网孔径按既能保证风网高效运转， 又能 使风网中超细粉含量尽量减少的原则选择。粗、细粉比例可通过调节分离粗粉的 带滤网的分离器 18筛网孔径来控制， 分离出的粗细粉可以分别单独使用， 这样 粗粉饲料颗粒均匀， 无细粉， 质量高， 而细粉又可用于需细粉配料的飼料组合， 细粉还可以经处理后再混入粗粉中。在分离和输送过程中，各种原料的粉碎物能 得到充分混合， 所以机组兼有混合工能。
目前， 飼料行业粉碎工序的工艺流程按粉碎在配料前后分为先粉碎和后粉碎 两种， 而按从原料到制成成品分为先粉碎和后粉碎两种， 而按从原料到制成品粉 碎的次数又分为一次粉碎和二次粉碎两种，正如前面介绍的这四种工艺方法各有 各的优点但又都有缺点。特别是目前飼料粉碎应用最广泛的是锤片粉碎机。锤片 粉碎机的工作原理是电机带动粉碎机转子在置于机壳内的圓柱形筛板筒内高速 旋转， 悬挂在转子锤板架上的十几或几十个锤片不断打击进入筛板筒的物料， 直 至物料被破碎到比筛板孔径小且小颗粒物料具有足够的离心速度时，穿出筛板孔 即成为粉碎后的成品料。锤片粉碎机与现有其他粉碎机相比因具有结构简单，通 用性能好， 适应性能强， 生产率高和使用安全等优点， 所以是目前粮食和饲料加 工行业应用最广泛的粉碎机。 然而正如有关教材和许多技术资料所述，锤片粉碎 机的最大缺点是物料在进入筛板筒被第一次打击后，即被高速旋转的锤片迅速带 入随锤片一起做圆周运动的物料环流层。此后虽然由于锤片比环流层中物料的速 度快， 锤片对物料仍有打击和破碎的能力， 且物料与筛板， 物料与齿板及物料与 物料之间的撞击，剪切和摩擦也可使物料继续粉碎，但其粉碎效率已大幅度降低。 另外因离心力作用环流层中外层的大颗粒物料阻碍了小颗粒物料及时穿过筛孔， 使相当多的物料在环流层做无效运转， 不仅白白消耗电能， 而且形成重复过度粉 碎， 对产品质量不利。 此外， 用现有技术渗碳或淬火处理的锤片寿命短' 而用堆 焊碳化钨方法制造的锤片虽然寿命延长， 但焊接工艺复杂， 成本高， 且对转子动 平衡不利。
在 料加工粉碎工序实施气力分级分离的 碎方法的装置是用多台撞击粉 碎机取代原机组中锤片粉碎机做一次粉碎机，同时粉碎从原料仓按饲料配方规定 比例输送来的全部需粉碎的原料，一次粉碎的每台撞击粉碎机都另配一台用来将 未达到成品要求的大颗粒物料分离出来的带滤网的离心分离器。被分离出来的大 颗粒物料集中起来送一台二次粉碎的撞击粉碎机再次粉碎， 即可达到成品要求。 被粉碎成成品的物料再用气力输送方法集中送两台带滤网的离心分离器依次分 离出粗粉饲料和细粉飼料。 因为该机组采用后粉碎，二次粉碎工艺和气力输送方 法， 所以它当然具有这两种工艺和气力输送方法的全部优点， 同时又因该机组一 次粉碎采用的多台粉碎机每台只粉碎一种或两种以上性质相近的原料，所以它又 克服了后粉碎工艺的绝大部分缺点， 另外本机组采用二次粉碎工艺，设备数量虽 然增多， 但因增加的二次粉碎用的撞击粉碎机和带滤网的离心分离器结构简单， 价格低廉， 所以设备总投资比现有二次粉碎工艺要省。 另外采用本发明的机组增 加了两台带滤网的离心分离器， 它们可以依次将一、二次粉碎后的成品粗粉和成 品细粉分别分离出来， 能显著提高生产效率和产品质量。采用本发明的粉碎机组 用多台撞击粉碎机取代原有锤片粉碎机又具有无筛网， 粉碎效率高， 产量大， 易 损件寿命长， 使用维修方便， 结构简单， 适用面广等优点。
在饲料加工粉碎工序实施气力分级分离的粉碎方法的装置一次和二次粉碎 均采用撞击粉碎机， 这种粉碎机如图所示这种撞击粉碎机的机壳 27是一个内腔 为圓柱形的圓盘状壳体，机壳 27下端面与电机 32的法兰盘相联， 其上口与盖板 26相联， 沿机壳 27圆盘切线方向有一个出料口 33 , 盖板 26是圆盘形的， 盖板 26 中央有一个进料口 25 , 圆盘形定子盘 28 固定在盖板 26下端面， 定子盘 28 上安装有三排以上共数十个定子柱销 29, 且在规定位置加工了圆环形槽， 圓盘 形转子盘 30直接固定在电机 32轴上， 转子盘 30上亦安装有 3排以上共数十个 转子柱销 31 , 转子盘上规定位置也加工了圓环形槽。 设计上要保证总装后转子 柱销 31和定子柱销 29之间径向间隙的大小能满足粉碎机粉碎颗粒粒径的要求， 且转子柱销 31的外端面应插入定子盘 28的 EI槽内， 定子柱销 29的外端面赤应 插入转子盘 30的凹槽中。 工作时， 电机 32带着转子盘 30高速旋转' 物料从盖 板 26中央的进料口 25进入机壳 27后即由于气流和离心力作用沿径向向外运动， 先后经高速运转的转子盘 30上的三圈转子柱销 31的强烈剪切和撞击后，又被甩 到机壳 27上再经一次猛烈撞击， 最后由出料口 33排出， 即成为粉碎后的成品。
这种撞击机不用筛网控制粉碎后成品颗粒的大小， 而是用改变转子柱销和定 子柱销之间径向间隙的大小来控制。转子每转一圈每个转子注销既有数十次与每 个定子柱销接近就有一次打击物料的机会， 全部转子柱销就有上万次打击机会， 这样只要转子柱销和定子柱销之间的径向间隙确定，则除麸皮和牧草类扁平物料 之外不可能有大于此间隙的颗粒状物料产生。所以用这种方法控制成品颗粒的大 小是可靠的。 因无筛网阻挡， 高速旋转的转子离心力和气力输送的风力使物料在 被打击粉碎后迅速从径向甩出， 在整个粉碎过程中基本上没有无用功消耗， 所以 效率显著提高， 能耗大幅度降低。 另外撞击粉碎机无筛板和齿板机器中唯一的易 损件只剩下与锤片起同样作用的柱销。 为了最大限度延长易损件使用寿命， 这种 撞击粉碎机采用了钢坯硬质合金柱销。钢坯硬质合金柱销是先在一端有一段螺杆 的长方体状钢制柱销上的一个大平面四周加工好一个环形槽，然后将预制好的硬 度达 HRC75的硬艰合金方环形零件用铜焊或者胶粘的方法固定到上述钢制柱销 坯上制成。 这种柱销使用寿命比经过热处理的钢制品高 20倍以上， 钢坯硬质合 金柱销的应用不仅大大减少了维修工作量， 降低了运行成本， 而更重要的是它保 证了整机能长期稳定的在高效状态下运行， 创造十分显著的经济效益。
综合上述分析， 在飼料加工粉碎工序实施气力分级分离的粉碎方法的装置与 现有技术相比具有综合投资省， 生产效率高， 耗电省， 适用面广， 易损件使用寿 命长， 设备使用维修方便， 产品颗粒均勾， 质量好， 综合效益高等优点， 其经济 和社会效益均非常显著。
实施例 3
如图 6中所示， 在矿石粉碎行业实施气力分级分离的粉碎方法的装置， 是将 颚式破碎机 36, 斗式提升机 34和摆式磨粉机 37安装在同一楼层平面上， 顎式 破碎机出口 （9 )对着斗式提升机 34下部的料坑， 斗式提升机 34上部出料口用 管道与其下方的选料装置 35进口相连，而选料装置 35的出口则直通摆式磨粉机
37的进料口， 摆式磨粉机 37上端出口与大颗粒矿石分离器（4 ) 的进口相连， 以下再依次串连分离粗矿粉的带滤网的分离器 18和分离细矿粉的带滤网的分离 器 18 , 分离细矿粉的带滤网的分离器 18的上端的出风口与离心风机 38的进风 口相通， 而离心风机 38的出风口则与摆式磨粉机 37底部的进风口相连， 另外， 分离大颗粒矿石的带滤网的分离器 18下端粉料出口与大颗粒矿石料仓 39相通， 而粗、 细粉分离器下端的粉料出口则分别与粗、 细粉料仓（图中未画出）相通。 本机組粉碎矿石的工艺流程是：矿石先进入颚式破碎机 36被挤压破碎成小块后， 用斗式提升机 34提起，再经过选料装置 35后进入摆式磨粉机 37被进一步研磨， 在摆式磨粉机 37中被研磨成达到成品要求的粉末状成品和一部分未达到成品要 求粒度的矿石颗粒被离心风机 38吹出的空气从摆式磨粉机 37底部向上吹起后， 直接进入大颗粒矿石的带滤网的分离器 18 , 分'离大颗粒矿石的带滤网的分离器 18 的滤网孔径按能穿过滤网的矿石颗粒刚能达到成品粗粉的最大粒径要求来选 择。这样达到成品要求的矿石粉即可穿过滤网后再进入分离粗矿粉的带滤网的分 离器 18。 未达到成品粒度要求的大颗粒矿石则被挡在滤网外， 并通过分离器下 端粉料出口落入大颗粒矿石料仓 39。 分离粗矿粉的带滤网的分离器 18滤网孔径 按成品细粉的最大粒径要求选择，这样达到成品细粉要求的细矿粉即可穿过滤网 再进入分离细矿粉的带滤网的分离器 18， 而粗矿粉则被挡在滤网外， 从分离器 下端粉料出口排出后即进入粗矿粉仓（图中未画出）， 同理分离细矿粉的带滤网 的分离器 18可分离出细矿粉，细矿粉从分离细矿粉的带滤网的分离器 18下端粉 料出口排出， 并进入细矿粉仓（图中未画出）。 这样从分离细矿粉的带滤网的分 离器 18上端出风口排出的空气中就只含有极少量超细矿粉了 （如杲需要还可以 再增加一级分离器， 分离超细粉）。 基本洁净的空气再通过管道进入离心风机 38 再开始下一个循环。 以上工艺流程即为气力分级分离的粉碎工艺流程。在此机组 中增加一个大颗粒矿石料仓 39的目的是将大颗粒矿石储存起来， 待积存到一定 量， 切断选料装置 35的来料后，将大颗粒矿石直接送入摆式磨粉机 37中单独研 磨。这样可避免与大块矿石一起进入磨机影响研磨效果。此外也可不用大颗粒矿 石料仓 39, 而将大颗粒矿石直接送入另增加的一台小规格摆式磨粉机或撞击磨 粉机中研磨。 这样可大幅度增加机组产量。
摆式磨粉机组是一种研磨矿石等硬质材料的设备， 在耐火材料等行业应用广 泛。 该机组一般由一台颚式破碎机， 一台斗式提升机，一套选料装置，一台摆式 磨粉机， 一台分析机，一台离心风机， 两台离心分离器用若干管道连接在一起组 成。 工作时矿石先经颚式破碎机挤压破碎成小块后， 用斗式提升机提起， 经选料 装置后进入摆式磨粉机进一步研磨， 离心风机， 摆式磨粉机， 分析机， 离心分离 器及相关管道又组成一个提升和分离矿石粉末的风网，在此系统中，风机从摆式 磨粉机底部将粉碎成成品的矿石粉末和未达到成品要求的小颗粒矿石向上吹起， 分析机通过调速电机调节一个圆盘型多叶片叶轮的转速来阻挡粒度未达到成品 粒度要求的小颗粒矿石通过， 迫使其落下被继续研磨， 带着成品粉末的空气通过 分析机后继续上升， 进入离心分离器， 在离心分离器中，一部分成品矿石粉被分 离出来， 还有一部分矿石粉随空气通过相应管道再次进入风机并在风网中循环。 现有机组存在如下两大弊端， 其一是分析机虽然能起到有效的筛选作用，但其结 构复杂， 造价高， 使用维修不便， 最主要的是它的电耗和与其匹配的风机的电耗 过大。其二是现有机组采用的是分离效率最低的单个离心分离器， 导致相当大的 一部分矿石粉因分离不出来， 而随空气一起在风网中循环， 这样不仅浪费电能， 使产品产量降低，加速相关零部件磨损， 并且导致该机组不得不选用结构非常落 后， 效率只有 40 %左右的低效离心风机， 其最终结果是风机电机所作的功 60 % 以上是无用的， 风机， 离心分离器， 及相关管道的使用寿命缩短一半以上， 整个 机组的产量降低也至少在 20 %以上。
在矿石粉碎行业实施气力分级分离的粉碎方法的装置取消了原机組中的分 析机，而用一台带滤网的离心分离器将风机吹起的未达到成品要求的较大颗粒矿 石分离出， 并集中起来再送原摆式磨粉机或新增的磨粉机中再次研磨， 这样不仅 可降低能耗， 而且可提高机组产量， 而用两台带滤网的离心分离器进一步将达到 成品要求的粗矿粉和细矿粉分别分离出来。 则不仅分离效率比老式分离器高得 多， 使风网中空气含矿份量大幅度降低， 而且为改选效率达 80 %左右的高效离 心风机状造了必备条件。 使全套装置耗电量大幅度降低。
综上所述， 在矿石粉碎行业实施气力分级分离的粉碎方法的装置与现有机组 相比具有设计结构科学合理，选用设备结构简单适用，产量大， 效率高，耗电省， 使用维修方便，使用寿命长，适用面广，且产品能分粗细粉，产品质量高等优点， 其经济和社会效益均非常显著。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种粉碎和 /或研磨方法， 该方法用一台或多台粉碎和 /或磨粉机对一种或 多种物料进行粉碎和 /或研磨， 并采用气力输送方法输送被粉碎和 /或研磨后的物 料， 其特征在于， 用气力输送物料的同时采用一台或多台串连、 带滤网和电动除 积料机构且滤网孔径依次减小的离心分离器进行气力分级筛选和分离，以便在一 个加工周期内分离出一种或几种不同粒度的成品或半成品。
2、 ^^据权利要求 1 所述方法用的装置， 其特征在于， 该装置包括一台或多 台粉碎和 /或磨粉机、 一台或多台串连、 带滤网和电动除积料机构且滤网孔径依 次减小的离心分离器。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述带滤网和电动除积料机 构的离心分离器包括一个下部接一小段锥形筒和小圆柱形筒的圆筒状筒体，一个 安装在筒体上部切线方向截面为长方形的进风管，一个安装在筒体上端面中央位 置的圆筒状排风管和一个安装在筒体下端小圆筒内的插板，在筒体上部装有 18弧 形装卸门， 在排风管下端安装有圆筒形滤网筒， 该滤网筒固定在圓锥形集尘斗上 端， 滤网筒下方安装了电动除积料机构， 集尘斗的下端插入电动除积料机构齿轮 箱的空心轴上端孔内，而圆管状的小尘粒 '、口管则安装在电动除积料机构齿轮箱 空心轴卞端孔外。 .
4、 ^据权利要求 2或 3所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述电动除积料机构的 结构如下：一个固定在筒体下部中央位置的方箱状齿轮箱体， 箱体内有一个通过 传动轴与安装在筒体外的减速机相连的小伞齿轮和一个套在空心轴上并与小伞 齿轮啮合的大伞齿轮，门框形的刷板架固定在大伞齿轮穿到齿轮箱体以外的上端 面上， 长条形毛刷则固定在刷板架上， 而空心轴中空的孔上端与集尘斗相连， 下 端与小尘粒出口管相连。
5、 ■据权利要求 3或 4所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述滤网筒是用筛网覆 盖在圆筒形金属框架上制成的， 筛网的材料孔径应根据被清理尘尘性质， 含量， 颗粒大小， 及介质的温度， 湿度， 酸械度及除尘效果的要求诸因素来确定。
6、 根据权利要求 2至 5中任何一项所述的装置实施例 1 , 其特征在于， 该装 置包括一台辊式磨和其后所接的一台撞击松粉机，以及所述撞击松粉机后所接的 一台或多台带滤网和除积料机构的离心分离器，其中第一台即滤网网孔最大的分 离器后面再接清粉机， 清粉机后再接一台辊式磨， 该辊式磨后再依次接撞击松粉 机、 带滤网和除积料机构的离心除尘器和清粉机， 该装置的功效在于用尽可能少 的工序将物料中片状， 比重小的物料清除出来。
7、根据权利要求 2至 5中任何一项所述的装置实施例 2， 其特征在于， 在饲 料厂上层楼安装多台一次粉碎用的撞击粉碎机，这些粉碎机的进料口与按饲料配 方要求需粉碎原料的料仓分别相通，其出料口与和它配套的初级分离用的多台带 滤网和除积料机构的离心分离器的进风口相连，初级分离的多台带滤网和除积料 机构的离心分离器下端粉料出口汇合到一起后，与在下一层楼安装的二次粉碎的 撞击粉碎机进料口相连，二次粉碎的撞击粉碎机的出料口通过管道向上，再与多 个初级分离器上端出风口汇总成一个总管后与粗粉分离器进风口相通，而粗粉分 离器上端出风口又与细粉分离器进风口相通，细粉分离器上端出风口与离心风机 的进风口相连， 而风机的出风口再与二次粉碎机出料口管道串接组成循环风网， 这一装置是用二次粉碎方法粉碎物料。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述撞击粉碎机包括一个置 于机壳内的直接固定在电机轴上的转子，一个内腔为圆柱形下端面固定在电机法 兰盘上的机壳， 和一个安装有定子盘的圆盘状盖板等组成，转子盘和定子盘上都 安装有三排以上数十个钢坯硬质合金柱销，转子盘和定子盘上规定位置都加工了 圆环形槽，总装后转子柱销与定子柱销之间的径向间隙大小应满足粉碎机所粉碎 出的成品颗粒粒径大小要求， 除谷壳， 牧草等高纤维物料外， 转子柱销与定子柱 销之间径向间隙应等于或略大于要求粉碎后成品颗粒的粒径尺寸，且转子柱销端 面插入定子盘相应的 Κί槽中， 定子柱销端面插入转子盘相应的 IHJ槽中。
9、 根据权利要求 7或 8所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述转子和定子盘上所 有钢坯硬质合金柱销都是一端有一段螺杆的长方体状零件，在长方体的一个大平 面四周用铜焊或用胶粘的方法固定了已加工成方框形的硬质合金零件。
10、 根据权利要求 2至 5中任何一项所述的装置实施例 3 , 其特征在于， 将 一台摆式磨粉机的粉碎出口与一组串连使用的两台以上带滤网和电动除积料机 构的离心除尘器中的笫一台， 即滤网孔径最大的一台的进风口相连， 而最后一级 分离器的出风口与风机进风口相连， 风机出风口与摆式磨粉机下部进风口相连， 组成机组， 这一装置可在气力输送一次循环中分离出两种以上不同粒径的物料 来。
PCT/CN2002/000796 2001-11-08 2002-11-08 Procede et equipement de broyage mettant en oeuvre un cyclone WO2003047758A1 (fr)

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