Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/06—Aluminium compounds
  • C07F5/061—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage
  • C07F5/066—Aluminium compounds with C-aluminium linkage compounds with Al linked to an element other than Al, C, H or halogen (this includes Al-cyanide linkage)

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl complexes of the general formula (I)
• R, R ⁇ R »1, D R1 independently of one another are branched or unbranched C 1 -C 7 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl or alkynyl;
• R 2 unsubstituted, single or multiple alkylated and / or single or multiple fluorinated aromatic hydrocarbons from the group
• ⁇ K-_4 independently of one another CH 2) CF 2 or C (R 1 ) 2 ;
• m is 0, 1, 2 n 0, 1, 2 or 0, 1, as cocatalysts in heterogeneous polymerization reactions for the polymerization of propene.
• cocatalysts in heterogeneous polymerization reactions for the polymerization of propene.
• These systems have improved properties in terms of activity and stereoselectivity compared to conventionally used cocatalysts such as AIEt 3 and can also act as cocatalysts but also as stereoselectivity mediators.
• Ziegler-Natta-catalyzed polymerization is a polymerization process that has been improved over several generations since the initial work of Ziegler and Natta in the 1950s. Both the increase in activity and the stereoselectivity are the driving criteria for the continuous development of the catalyst system.
• the catalyst systems for the polymerization of 1-alkenes are now divided into five generations [E. Albizatti, U. Giannini, G. Collina, L. Noristi, L. Resconi, Polypropylene Handbook, E. P. Moore (Ed.), Hanser Pubiishers, Kunststoff, 1996, 11].
• the actual catalyst includes a transition metal compound, e.g. B. a titanium compound, which is activated only by adding an aluminum-containing cocatalyst.
• a transition metal compound e.g. B. a titanium compound
• other components such as internal and external donors are necessary.
• an internal donor prevents agglomeration of the catalytically active species, while the external donor improves the stereospecificity when using prochiral olefins.
• a continuous improvement process has taken place in the past decades, in which up to the fifth generation the surfaces of the supported catalysts have been increased and the proportion of centers working specifically has been reduced [P. Pino, R. Mülhaupt, Angew. Chem.
• the most important cocatalysts used with preference are aluminum alkyls such as AIEt 3 , AI-i-Bu 3 , AIEt 2 CI, AIEtCI 2 and AIEt 2 OR, all of which are very sensitive to atmospheric oxygen and moisture and are therefore difficult to handle.
• AIEt 3 Alkyls
• AI-i-Bu 3 Alkyls
• AIEt 2 CI Alkyls
• AIEtCI 2 and AIEt 2 OR all of which are very sensitive to atmospheric oxygen and moisture and are therefore difficult to handle.
• titanium chlorides compounds of vanadium and chromium are of particular interest as catalysts, and in special applications also molybdenum, cobalt, rhodium and nickel.
• titanium chlorides compounds of vanadium and chromium are of particular interest as catalysts, and in special applications also molybdenum, cobalt, rhodium and nickel.
• aluminum alkyls numerous other organometallic compounds, especially sodium, lithium and cadmium in
• catalyst systems are also sensitive to substances that contain electron-rich elements such as oxygen or nitrogen in the molecule.
• Compounds such as ethers and amines or else polar monomers, which may be of interest as comonomers or additives for the polymer, deactivate the catalyst.
• organometallic compounds to be used as activators or cocatalysts such as, in particular, the aluminum alkyl compounds predominantly used for this purpose. Because of their extreme sensitivity and self-igniting properties, these are a serious problem in practice.
• DE19753135 describes a series of aluminum compounds which are distinguished by an intramolecular donor side chain, for example an amino, thio or oxo-coordinated side chain, which can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art Have organometallic compounds made. These aluminum compounds act as cocatalytically activating components in Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene. However, the polymerization of propylene or higher ⁇ -olefins does not succeed with the catalyst systems described in this patent application.
• the catalyst systems used on an industrial scale contain highly pyrophoric, reactive, volatile aluminum alkyl compounds as cocatalysts, in particular triethyl aluminum. These compounds have a high sensitivity to impurities in the reaction medium, such as, for example, to the residual moisture of the monomers to be polymerized.
• the safe handling of such highly pyrophoric and volatile compounds requires complex safety containers for their storage and for their transport with absolute exclusion of oxygen and moisture.
• the large-scale plants for catalyst preparation and polymerization must be geared to this problem. This is particularly a problem for less technically developed countries and regions with high temperatures and high humidity due to the climate.
• the catalyst systems according to the invention should be usable in large-scale plants under simple conditions with a lower cocatalyst-catalyst ratio and should have higher activities than previously known systems. It is also an object of the present invention to provide corresponding catalyst systems which are less sensitive to impurities, in particular moisture.
• R, R ', R 1 , R 1 independently of one another branched or unbranched Ci. - C 7 alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,
• R 3 , R 4 are independently CH 2 , CF 2 or C (R 1 ) 2 ;
• m is 0, 1, 2 n 0, 1, 2 or 0, 1, as a component in coordination catalysts for the polymerization of propene.
• R, R ', R »1, o R1 independently of one another branched or unbranched Ci - C 7 alkyl
• R 2 unsubstituted hydrocarbons from the group
• R 3 , R 4 are independently CH 2 , CF 2 or C (R 1 ) 2 ; and independently of one another m mean 0, 1, 2 n 0, 1, 2 or 0, 1.
• This group of complexes has in turn compounds of the general formula (I) in which R ⁇ R 1, CH, and R, R 'independently of one another iC 3 H 7 , iC Hg, or a branched tes or unbranched alkyl from the group CsH ⁇ , C 6 H 13 , and C 7 H 15 mean, proven to be particularly suitable for use as a catalyst component in propene polymerization.
• R, R ' are independently branched or unbranched
• R 1 , R 1 'independently of one another CH 3 , C 2 H 5 R 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon selected from the group
• R, R ', R 1 , R 1 independently of one another branched or unbranched CC 7 alkyl
• R, R ' are independently branched or unbranched
• Corresponding nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl complexes can per se be used as cocatalysts in polymerization reactions of olefins.
• the new compounds in particular are selected from the group [2- (dimethylaminomethyl) phen-1-yl] dimethyl aluminum, [2- (dimethylaminomethyl) phen-1-yl] diethyl aluminum, [2- (diethylaminomethyl) phen -1-yl] diethylaluminium,
• compounds of the general formula (I) can therefore advantageously be used as components in coordination catalysts in heterogeneous polymerization reactions of propene.
• the product properties can be influenced particularly advantageously by the addition of these compounds, since they can be used specifically as stereoselectivity mediators in the polymerization of the propene.
• the new coordination catalysts for polymerization reactions contain nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl complexes of the general formula (I), as claimed by claims 1-6, in combination with transition metal compounds from IV. To VIII. Subgroups of the Periodic Table of the Elements. These are preferably compounds selected from the group consisting of the halides of titanium and vanadium. These compounds per se are the actual catalysts in the polymerization reaction.
• the nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl complexes of the general formula (I), as claimed by claims 2 to 6 and claims 8 and 9, can be used as cocatalysts in polymerization reactions of olefins.
• This system which consists of a coordination catalyst and a catalyst, is usually bound to a support material.
• the catalyst system according to the invention is preferably bound to an inorganic support selected from the group consisting of MgCl 2 and SiO 2 or mixtures thereof.
• the catalyst system according to the invention can optionally internal donors such as ether or ester compounds or such as ethyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate or donors familiar to the person skilled in the art and optionally also external donors from the group RSi (OR) 3 such as PhSi (OEt) 3 or the person skilled in the art contain common external donors.
• internal donors such as ether or ester compounds or such as ethyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate or donors familiar to the person skilled in the art and optionally also external donors from the group RSi (OR) 3 such as PhSi (OEt) 3 or the person skilled in the art contain common external donors.
• the present invention relates in particular to the use of such a catalyst system in heterogeneous polymerization reactions of propylene.
• the nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl complexes of the general formula (I) according to the invention can be used as cocatalysts and at the same time as stereoselectivity mediators.
• the polymer properties can be controlled by a specific selection of the cocatalyst.
• the molecular weights of the polypropenes produced using the cocatalysts according to the invention are far above the molecular weights of the polypropenes produced using AIEt 3 .
• the nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl complexes according to the invention are therefore particularly suitable for the production of higher molecular weight polypropene.
• the present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of catalyst systems according to the invention for the polymerization of propene.
• the catalyst systems can be produced by
• method (a) gives the highest activities during the polymerization of propene. Activities that are almost twice as high as in the prior art can be obtained. In particular with very small AI: Ti ratios, very high activities are obtained, so the activities with an AI: Ti ratio of 2: 1 are higher by a factor of 10-18 compared to the prior art.
• method (b) provides polypropenes with the highest pentad isotaxies. This shows that the supported nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl complexes of the general formula (I) block titanium centers which work specifically via the nitrogen atom. This positive effect does not occur with the nitrogen-free reference system AIEt 3 . It has been found that the properties of the polypropylenes can be controlled by the choice of the cocatalyst.
• the catalyst systems according to the invention can advantageously be used under process-facilitating conditions.
• the latter is particularly the case when a lower cocatalyst-catalyst ratio is used than was previously the case.
• the polymerization properties are to be controlled in particular by changing this ratio.
• the new catalyst systems are quite stable to air, moisture and impurities in the reaction system and thus require less technically complex containers for storage and transportation or less technically complex systems for catalyst production and for olefin polymerization.
• the new catalyst systems also have a high thermal stability and service life under reaction conditions.
• the new catalyst systems consisting of MgCl 2 or SiO 2 or a combination of SiO 2 and MgCl 2 , a titanium or vanadium halide compound, an internal donor and an aluminum compound of the general formula (I ), also act stereoselectively during the polymerization of propene without the addition of external donors.
• the third function is to control the molecular structure of the polymers such as molecular weights, molecular weight distributions, tacticities and branches and thus the polymer properties such as hardness, rigidity, toughness, weldability, transparency, gas permeability and processability.
• a reduction in the number of catalyst components also contributes to the general process simplification in catalyst production and propene polymerization.
• the low oxygen and moisture sensitivity of the aluminum compounds of the general formula (I), which enable more convenient and safer handling, is achieved by the intramolecularly stabilizing amino group with coordinative stabilization of the aluminum center.
• R, R 'independently of one another CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , iC H 5 R 1 , R 1 ' independently of one another CH 3 , C 2 H 5 R 2 is an unsubstituted hydrocarbon selected from the group
• R and R ' have the meanings given above, is reacted in an aprotic solvent at a temperature in the range from -50 to +30 ° C and the reaction product formed is separated off.
• the reaction is preferably carried out under a protective gas atmosphere. Nitrogen gas or noble gases such as helium or argon can serve as protective gases.
• the starting materials are preferably used in the reaction in an equimolar ratio to one another. Depending on the reactivity of the two reaction partners, however, it may also make sense to add an excess of a compound of the general formula (III) to the reaction mixture.
• solvents selected from the group consisting of toluene, xylene, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane and heptane or mixtures thereof can be used as aprotic solvents.
• reaction mixture In order to achieve a reaction that is as complete as possible, it is advisable to stir the reaction mixture for a while without cooling after mixing both reactants at low temperature, the reaction mixture being able to warm up to room temperature.
• the reaction products formed by the reaction can be separated off and, if necessary, purified by methods known to those skilled in the art.
• the separation is preferably carried out by distillation methods.
• the products are particularly preferably separated off by fractional distillation. Depending on the boiling point of the reaction product formed, this distillation is carried out under reduced pressure.
• the new catalyst systems consist of support, catalyst, donor and cocatalyst:
• the nitrogen-stabilized aluminum organyl compounds of the general formula (I) serve as cocatalysts, in which three organyl groups are independently covalently bound to the aluminum atom. In the end, one of these organyl groups has an amino function, which is coordinated with the aluminum atom via the nitrogen atom, so that a cyclic structural unit is formed. Two independent organyl substituents are bonded to the amino group.
• the organyl moiety between the aluminum and nitrogen atoms can include, for example, a naphthyl, phenyl, benzyl or alkyl group that is unsubstituted or mono- or polysalkylated or fluorinated. Compounds which have an aromatic building block in this organyl unit are preferred.
• Transition metal compounds from IV to VIII serve as catalysts.
• Subgroup of the Periodic Table of the Elements in particular transition metal compounds from the IV.
• Subgroup of the Periodic Table especially titanium and vanadium halide compounds.
• Suitable compounds are, for example, TiCI 4 and VC
• Anhydrous MgCl 2 or SiO 2 or a combination of SiO 2 and MgCl 2 can serve as the catalyst support.
• Internal donors such as ether or ester compounds such as ethyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate or internal donors familiar to the person skilled in the art and optionally also external donors from the group RSi (OR) 3 such as PhSi (OEt) 3 or other external donors known to the person skilled in the art are used as donors.
• ether or ester compounds such as ethyl benzoate, dimethyl phthalate or internal donors familiar to the person skilled in the art and optionally also external donors from the group RSi (OR) 3 such as PhSi (OEt) 3 or other external donors known to the person skilled in the art are used as donors.
• the supported catalyst systems according to the invention are produced by a process which is disclosed on the basis of examples given in the text below. These examples are specific embodiments. The person skilled in the art is able, through his specialist knowledge, to replace the means given therein with corresponding means having the same effect.
• Aprotic, non-polar solvents such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene or xylene can be used as solvents to produce the supported catalyst systems.
• the use of the nitrogen-containing aluminum organyl compounds of the general formula (I) as cocatalysts in the propene polymerization leads to an almost double the activity compared to the conventional catalyst systems when using conventional Al: Ti ratios leads.
• the cocatalyst-catalyst ratio in the catalyst systems can be reduced up to 1: 1 or 2: 1 without leading to loss of activity.
• the activities obtained at these low AI: Ti ratios are 10 to 18 times higher than the activities obtained with AIEt 3 .
• higher yields of polypropylene can be achieved and the amount of cocatalyst can be drastically reduced in the catalyst systems.
• the catalyst systems according to the invention can thus be produced much more cost-effectively than corresponding previously known systems. It is possible to reduce the cocatalyst-catalyst ratio to values between 5: 1 and 1: 1 without significantly influencing the yields and the desired product quality.
• Polypropenes with significantly higher molar masses between 200,000 and 800,000 g / mol are obtained.
• the catalyst concentration is between 10 "2 and 10 " 6 mol / l, preferably between 10 "3 and 10 " 5 mol / l.
• the catalyst or cocatalyst loading on MgCl 2 is between 0.5 and 5 mmol / g, preferably between 1 and 3 mmol / g.
• the new catalyst systems thanks to their lower sensitivity to moisture and air, and their lower sensitivity to contaminants, enable them to be used in a ner polymerization a safer handling and better reproducibility of the results, but also a higher long-term stability compared to the systems of the prior art.
• n A ⁇ - C o k at [mol] m A ⁇ -co k at / M A ⁇ -C okat
• Hydrocarbon for, 3-8 g total amount (m Mg ci 2 + m A
• Pentane was dried and distilled before the reaction.
• the aluminum organyl and the magnesium chloride were placed in a heated 100 ml flask with a Schlenk attachment. After adding 50 ml of pentane, the Reaction mixture stirred for 12 hours at room temperature. The solvent was then removed in vacuo at 100-120 mbar for 2 hours. A light gray powder was obtained.
• the polymerization of propene is carried out in a known manner in solution, suspension or gas phase polymerization continuously or batchwise at a temperature of 0 ° C to +200 ° C, preferably between +20 and +140 ° C and a pressure of 1 to 20 bar , preferably from 2 to 10 bar.
• Hexane, heptane, octane, propene or toluene are used as solvents.
• the new catalyst systems enable the production of homo-,
• Copolymers and block polymers preferably the homopolymers polypropylene.
• the activities of the catalyst systems in the propylene polymerization are higher than those with the conventional catalyst system MgCl 2 , TiCl 4 and AIEt 3 , even when using a lower cocatalyst-catalyst ratio.
• Fine-grained polymers were obtained with all new catalyst systems.
• the melting temperatures and molar masses of the polypropenes in interesting areas with regard to their technical processing.
• the polypropenes produced with the nitrogen-stabilized aluminum organyls supported on MgCl 2 have higher pentad isotaxies than when used in solution with MgCl 2 / TiCl 4 .
• higher stereoselectivities are achieved than with AIEt 3 as cocatalyst. This result can be caused by the effective blocking of specific Ti centers on the surface of MgCI 2 by means of the nitrogen-stabilized aluminum organyl.
• higher stereoselectivities can be achieved with supported nitrogen-stabilized aluminum organyls, priority should be given to polymerization with MgCI 2 TiCI 4 and dissolved nitrogen-stabilized aluminum organyls, since this generally leads to greater activities.
• the catalyst systems act stereoselectively in the propylene polymerization without the addition of donors.
• 13 C-NMR analyzes of the polypropylene samples show linear structures with isotactic sequence lengths with a significantly higher frequency of the mmmm pentads compared to the AIEt 3 .
• a further improvement in stereoselectivities can be achieved by using donors.
• the polymerizations were terminated by injecting 5 ml of ethanol.
• the polymerization suspension was mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid and stirred overnight.
• the organic phase was neutralized with a saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and washed with water.
• the solvent was removed to constant mass of the polymer in an oil pump vacuum.
• thermograms were recorded with a Mettler-Toledo differential calorimeter 821 e with a heating rate of 20 ° C / min. The values obtained in the 2 nd Heat were reported as the melting points.
• the viscosity averages of the molar masses M ⁇ were determined with the aid of an Ubbelohde viscometer.
• the samples were prepared by dissolving approximately 50 mg of the polymer in 50 ml of decahydronaphthalene.
• a BRUKER-MSL 300 device was used to record the 13 C-NMR spectra. During a measurement, usually 1000 scans were recorded at a measuring frequency of 75.47 MHz and a temperature of 100 ° C. The pulse angle was 60 ° and the relaxation delay was 6 s.
• the NMR samples were prepared by preparing a solution of 10% by mass of polymer in a mixture of perchlorobutadiene and 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorodideuteroethane. Table 1 :
• microstructure of the polypropenes obtained with MgCI 2 / aluminum organyl compounds and TiCI 4 :
• microstructure of the polypropenes obtained with MgCI / TiCI 4 and aluminum organyl compounds:
• Fig. 1 shows polymerization results under the following variation of the polymerization temperature during the polymerization of propylene with MgCl 2 / TiCl 4 and aluminum organyl compounds at 2 bar.
• Fig. 2 shows activity profiles of the polymerizations of propene at 45 ° C.
• Fig. 3 shows the variation of the Al / Ti ratio in the polymerization of propylene with MgCl 2 TiCl 4 and aluminum organyl compounds at 60 ° C and 6 bar.

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• 2001
  • 2001-10-09 DE DE10149785A patent/DE10149785A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-09-11 DE DE50209734T patent/DE50209734D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-09-11 JP JP2003534436A patent/JP2005504848A/ja active Pending
  • 2002-09-11 WO PCT/EP2002/010171 patent/WO2003031454A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2002-09-11 EP EP02790284A patent/EP1434780B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-11 US US10/491,917 patent/US7351678B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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