Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/30—Joints
  • A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
  • A61F2/4603—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
  • A61F2/4611—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
  • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
  • A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
  • A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/30—Joints
  • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
  • A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
  • A61B2017/00238—Type of minimally invasive operation
  • A61B2017/00261—Discectomy
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00535—Surgical instruments, devices or methods pneumatically or hydraulically operated
  • A61B2017/00557—Surgical instruments, devices or methods pneumatically or hydraulically operated inflatable
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
  • A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
  • A61B17/025—Joint distractors
  • A61B2017/0256—Joint distractors for the spine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/30—Joints
  • A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
  • A61F2002/30003—Material related properties of the prosthesis or of a coating on the prosthesis
  • A61F2002/3006—Properties of materials and coating materials
  • A61F2002/30092—Properties of materials and coating materials using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/30—Joints
  • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
  • A61F2/442—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient
  • A61F2002/444—Intervertebral or spinal discs, e.g. resilient for replacing the nucleus pulposus
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
  • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
  • A61F2/30—Joints
  • A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
  • A61F2/4603—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
  • A61F2002/4625—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
  • A61F2002/4627—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
  • A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
  • A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol

Definitions

• This application relates to a spinal implant and more particularly to a spinal disc implant that can be inserted minimally invasively.
• Fusion cages are essentially metallic cages packed with bone to promote bone ingrowth.
• the fusion cages designed to promote fusion, provide support between the vertebrae, but eliminate motion. Thus, to achieve stability, they sacrifice mobility.
• the present invention overcomes the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art.
• the present invention provides a spinal implant having a first expanded configuration, a first curved configuration, a second radially compressed configuration, and a second delivery configuration.
• the implant has a smaller transverse cross-sectional dimension in the radially compressed configuration than in the first expanded configuration and has a more linear configuration in the second delivery configuration than in the first curved configuration.
• the implant assumes the second radially compressed configuration and second delivery configuration during delivery to the disc space and assumes the first curved configuration and first expanded configuration upon placement within the disc space.
• the implant further moves towards the radially compressed configuration once implanted in response to a load placed on the implant by the vertebral bodies.
• the implant is composed of shape memory material with a memorized position in the first expanded configuration and the first curved configuration.
• the implant is C-shaped in the first curved configuration.
• the implant forms a closed curve in the first curved configuration.
• Several different cross-sectional configurations of the implant are disclosed including substantially C-shaped, substantially circular, and substantially rectangular having at least a first and second substantially planar surface.
• the implant may include an insert made of a variety of materials such as elastic, viscoelastic or porous material.
• the insert is contained by a tongue and groove arrangement.
• the present invention also provides a spinal implant having an outer housing composed of shape memory material.
• the housing has a memorized non-linear configuration and is radially compressible from a first configuration to a second configuration by the vertebral bodies in response to a load placed on the housing and returns to its first configuration upon removal of the load.
• a filler material can be disposed within the outer housing.
• the implant may contain a roughened surface on its outer surface to enhance bone ingrowth.
• a method of minimally invasively inserting a spinal implant in a disc space comprises: providing a delivery instrument containing the spinal implant in a first configuration; inserting the delivery instrument through a cannula to the disc space; deploying the implant from the delivery instrument to position the implant in the disc space, the implant returning towards a memorized second configuration within the disc space; and removing the delivery instrument and leaving the implant in place, the implant moving between unstressed and stressed positions within the disc space in response to a load placed on the implant.
• the method may further comprise the step of distracting the disc space with an inflatable balloon prior to deploying the implant from the delivery instrument.
• the method may also comprise the step of injecting cold saline into the delivery instrument to maintain the spinal implant in the martensitic state prior to deploying the implant, wherein the implant returns to the austenitic state in response to warming by body temperature when deployed from the delivery instrument.
• the method may further comprise the step of removing the disc nucleus through the cannula prior to the step of inserting the delivery instrument through the cannula.
• Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a disc removal device being used in the intra- vertebral space through a cannula (the soft tissues are not shown);
• Fig. la is a close up top view of the spinal disc nucleus being removed by the device of Figure 1;
• Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an implant delivery device being used in the intra- vertebral space (the soft tissues are not shown);
• Fig. 2a is a close up top view of a spinal implant of the present invention being delivered from the device of Figure 2;
• Fig. 3 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the delivery device being used in the intra-vertebral space having an integral angioplasty style balloon (the cannula is removed for clarity);
• Fig. 3 a is a close up top view of the delivery device of Figure 3 showing the balloon inflated to distract the vertebral bodies;
• Fig. 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 except showing initial actuation of the handle to deliver the spinal implant;
• Fig. 4a is a close up view showing the balloon inflated to maintain the space between vertebral bodies and the implant being delivered from the device;
• Fig. 5 illustrates the delivery device of Figure 2 being removed from the spine (the soft tissues are not shown) after implantation of the spinal implant;
• Fig. 5a is a close up top view of the implant of Figure 2a in place between the vertebral bodies;
• Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the spinal implant of Figure 2a in its unstressed and unloaded condition between the vertebral bodies (the soft tissues are not shown);
• Fig. 6a is a cross-sectional view of the spinal implant of Figure 2a in an example of a stressed and loaded condition
• Fig. 7 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the implant of the present invention that is in a stressed condition (during delivery and when in use);
• Fig. 7a illustrates the implant of Figure 7 in an unstressed condition
• Fig. 7b are cross-sectional views of a filled and unfilled implant of the embodiment of Fig. 7 and Fig. 7a;
• Fig. 7c are cross sectional views of alternate embodiments of the Fig.7 implant.
• Fig. 8 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the implant that is in a stressed condition (during delivery and when in use);
• Fig. 8a illustrates the implant of Figure 8 in an unstressed condition
• Fig. 8b are cross-sectional views of filled and unfilled alternate embodiments of the implant of Fig. 8;
• Fig. 8c is a cross sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the Fig. 8 implant
• Fig. 8d is a cross-sectional view of the implant of Fig. 8.
• Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the implant that is in a stressed condition (during delivery and when in use);
• Fig. 9a illustrates the implant of Figure 9 in an unstressed condition
• Fig. 9b is a cross-sectional view of an unfilled alternate embodiment of the implant of Fig. 9;
• Fig. 9c is a cross-sectional view of a filled alternate embodiment of the implant of Fig. 9;
• Fig. 9d is a cross-sectional view of the implant of Fig 9;
• Fig. 9e is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the Fig. 9 implant.
• Fig. 10 is a perspective view of yet another alternate embodiment of the implant of the present invention that is in a stressed condition (during delivery and when in use);
• Fig. 10a illustrates the implant of Figure 10 in an unstressed condition
• Figs. 10b and 10c are cross-sectional views of filled and unfilled implants of alternate embodiments of Fig. 10;
• Fig. lOd is a cross-sectional view of the implant of Fig 10;
• Fig. lOe is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the implant of Fig. 10;
• Fig. 11 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the implant of the present invention that is in a stressed condition (during delivery and when in use);
• Fig. 11a illustrates the implant of Figure 11 in an unstressed condition
• Fig. 1 lb is a cross sectional view of an unfilled embodiment of the implant of Fig.
• Fig. 1 lc is a cross-sectional view of the implant of Fig. 11;
• Figs, l id and 1 le are cross-sectional views of alternate embodiments of the implant of Fig. 11;
• Fig. 12 is a perspective view of yet another alternate embodiment of the implant of the present invention that is in a stressed condition (during delivery and when in use);
• Fig. 12a illustrates the implant of Figure 12 in an unstressed condition
• Fig. 12b is a cross-sectional view of the implant of Fig. 12;
• Fig. 12c is a cross-sectional view of a filled implant embodiment of the implant of Fig. 12;
• Figs. 12d and 12e are cross-sectional views of two alternate embodiments of the implant of Fig. 12;
• Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the implant having radial slits to increase flexibility
• Fig. 14 is a top view of the implant of Fig. 13 in the arcuate memorized configuration
• Fig. 15 is a perspective view of another alternate embodiment of the implant having a lattice structure.
• the spinal implants have differing cross-sectional configurations and can optionally contain an insert material to fill the void in the otherwise hollow implant and to provide more cushioning if desired. Each of these variations is described in detail below.
• the spinal implants of the present invention are designed to be inserted minimally invasively into the disc space, thus enabling a smaller incision to be used in the procedure. This is achieved by the implants being compressible radially to a smaller diameter/height for delivery and being deflectable laterally to a substantially linear configuration. Once ejected from the delivery instrument at the desired site, i.e. the disc space between adjacent vertebrae, the implant returns to a larger diameter/height and to a curved configuration. Implanted in the disc space, the spinal implant is radially compressible in response to vertebral loads placed thereon, but attempts to return to its normal non-compressed (radially larger) configuration, thus providing a spring-like action.
• the disc removal device 10 has an elongated tubular portion 12 which is inserted through an arthroscopic cannula 14 and has a pair of cutting jaws 16 which are operatively connected to and remotely manipulated, i.e. opened and closed, by proximal handle 18 to cut and remove the disc nucleus. Insertion through arthroscopic cannula 14 enables the disc to be removed minimally invasively rather than through a larger incision during an open more invasive surgical procedure.
• the implant of the present invention that is designed to replace the removed disc is also advantageously inserted minimally invasively.
• the instrument of Figure 2, designated generally by reference numeral 20, contains the spinal implant 30 within a distal portion of the elongated tubular member 22. The instrument is inserted through cannula 14.
• the implant delivery device 20 has a pusher 24 that is operatively connected to trigger 26 such that actuation of the trigger 26 moves pusher 24 longitudinally distally to advance the implant 30 from the tubular member 22.
• Figure 2 A illustrates the implant 30 partially ejected from device 20;
• Figure 5A illustrates the implant 30 fully deployed and implanted in the disc space. After placement of the implant 30, the delivery device 20 is removed from the body as shown in Figure 5.
• the implant is C-shaped in configuration as it extends circumferentially along the periphery of the disc space thus providing support along the periphery or circumference of the disc space. It is also contemplated that the implant could be a closed loop, e.g. circular, or extend more than 360 degrees so the end portions overlap. In each of these instances, the implant would be delivered in a substantially straighter configuration and would return to its memorized curved shape upon delivery to the disc space.
• the implant 30 can have a variety of closed and open cross-sectional configurations. Exemplary embodiments of such implants of the present invention are shown in Figures 7-15.
• Each of the implants of Figures 7-15 are preferably composed of shape memory material which enables the implant to assume a second substantially straightened configuration as well as a second radially smaller configuration for delivery to the surgical site and return to a memorized first curved configuration and first radially larger (expanded) configuration for positioning at the disc space. Once delivered to the disc space, the memory characteristics of the implant provide sufficient springiness in response to vertebral loads placed on the device by the spine.
• the implant can move between an unstressed and stressed position in response to a load placed on the implant, but returns to (or toward) its original unstressed position upon release of the load.
• This provides both support for the vertebral bodies plus the desired flexibility.
• One preferable shape memory material is Nitinol, a nickel titanium alloy, although other shape memory metals or polymeric materials are contemplated.
• the implant 30 can be hollow or alternatively can form a support or outer housing for a filler material.
• the insert (filler) material can fill the void in the implant to provide a more cushioning or a more spring-like effect.
• This "squeezable" insert (filler) can be made of an elastic material such as rubber to provide additional springiness, a viscoelastic material such as menisci and advanced polymers which would compress and more slowly return to its non-compressed state or a porous viscoelastic material such as articular cartilage which will enable exit of fluids through the pores.
• the insert material can also be resorbable.
• the compressed or reduced cross-section condition of the shape memory implant can be achieved by containment within the delivery tube as the inner walls apply stress to the implant.
• cool saline or other fluid can be injected through the tubular portion of the instrument 20 during delivery of the implant to maintain the implant in the cooler softer martensitic state to facilitate ejection.
• the warmer body temperature will transform the implant to the austenitic memorized condition corresponding to an arcuate shape and larger cross- sectional dimension.
• implant 40 is circular in transverse cross-section and has an overlapping edge 42.
• the diameter of the implant 40 is smaller than the diameter in the unstressed implanted position of Figure 7a.
• the implant 40 can contain a void 41 in the center or optionally include an insert/filler material 44 as described above to fill the interior of implant 40a. Both a hollow and a filled version are illustrated in Figure 7b.
• the filler (insert) material and implant cooperate in a tongue and groove arrangement to enhance retention of the filler material within the implant.
• a groove 45 can be provided in the insert 46 contained within implant 40b to receive tongue 48 or alternatively a groove 47 can be provided in the implant 40c.
• the overlapping portions of the implant 50 are spaced apart, creating a gap 53 by overlapping edge 52.
• the implant (50a), including the gap can be filled with insert material 54 or alternatively be devoid of such material as in implant 50b.
• Figure 8c shows the tongue and groove arrangement, similar to Figure 7c, with the groove 55 for receiving tongue 57 being provided in the insert 56 of implant 50c.
• a groove 58 can alternatively be provided in the implant 50 to receive tongue 59 of insert 51 (see Figs 8a and 8d).
• the implant 60 has a closed loop, i.e. a circular, transverse cross-sectional configuration.
• the implant can be hollow (see implant 60a of Fig. 9b) or alternatively can be filled with insert material 64 (see implant 60b of Fig. 9c).
• Figure 9d shows the tongue and groove arrangement, similar to Figure 7c, of implant 60d with the groove 65 being provided in the insert 66 to receive tongue 67.
• the groove can be provided in the implant such as groove 68 provided in the implant 60c of Figure 9e.
• implant 70 has an open loop configuration providing a C-shape transverse cross-section.
• the implant can be hollow (see implant 70a of Figure 10b) or can include an insert material 74 (implant 70b of Figure 10c). Tongue and groove arrangements are illustrated in the cross-sectional views of Figures lOd and lOe, with Figure lOd reflecting the implant 70 of Figure 10 having groove 75 formed in insert material 76 and Figure lOe showing an alternate embodiment with the tongue 77 on insert material 78 of implant 70c.
• a C-shaped cross-sectional implant 80 is illustrated.
• This implant 80 resembles implant 70 of Figure 10 in that it has an open curved configuration. It differs from the embodiments of Figure 10, however, in that it is more oval in cross-section.
• insert material 84 can be provided as well as tongue and groove arrangements (85, 87 and 88, 89 in implants 80b and 80c, respectively) as shown in Figures l id and l ie.
• Figure l ib illustrates implant 80a devoid of filler material.
• a C-shaped implant 90 is also illustrated, except that it is more in the form of an open rectangle in cross-section. Planar surfaces 91, 92 increase the contact area with the vertebral bodies. Insert material 94 can optionally be provided in implant 90a as shown in Figure 12c. Alternative tongue and groove arrangements are illustrated in the cross-sectional views of Figure 12d and 12e, with the groove 95 of implant 90b provided on insert material 96 to receive tongue 98 (Fig. 12d) and the groove 99 being provided on implant 90c to receive tongue 97 (Fig. 12e).
• FIG. 13-15 illustrate alternative embodiments of the implant to increase flexibility during delivery and during compression once inserted.
• implant 100 has a series of fenestrations 102 along its length.
• Narrower slits can alternatively be provided.
• the fenestrations can alternatively be angled.
• the circumferential slits or openings can be spaced further apart or closer together and can extend for differing degrees around the circumference.
• the slits spread to form wider gaps as shown in the top of view of the implant of Fig. 14.
• a lattice structure 118 is illustrated in Fig. 15, also to provide increased flexibility. Filler material can be provided in each of these inserts.
• any of the foregoing implants can be provided with a roughened surface, such as a textured surface, to enhance bone ingrowth to enhance implant retention in the disc space.
• a roughened surface such as a textured surface
• Surface finishes such as hydroxyapatite, calcium silicate and calcium phosphate could also be applied to allow for bone ingrowth.
• the disc nucleus is removed arthroscopically, i.e. through cannula 14, by device 10.
• Cannula 14 can optionally be placed by first inserting a needle and wire, removing the needle and sequentially placing and removing dilators of progressively increasing diameter over the wire until the desired carmula diameter is reached. After removal of the disc, device 10 is withdrawn through carmula 14 and then delivery device 20, containing any of the foregoing implants, is inserted through the cannula.
• the implant is contained within the delivery device 20 in a substantially straightened configuration and in a reduced diameter (compressed/stressed) configuration, either by the walls of the device or by injection of cold saline to transform the implant to the martensitic state as described above.
• FIGs 6 and 6a illustrate the implant 30 positioned within the disc space in an unstressed position (Fig 6) and an example of a stressed position (Fig 6a) to illustrate the compressibility of the implant in response to vertebral loads.
• the implant returns to the unstressed position of Figure 6 or at least to a less compressed configuration, depending on the gap between adjacent vertebrae. The degree of compressibility of the implant will depend on the applied load.
• a balloon can be provided as part of the implant delivery system. This is illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 (the cannula is not shown).
• the delivery instrument 120 has an elongated tubular portion 122 and a trigger 126 as in the embodiment of Figure 1.
• An axial bore 128 is formed along the length of device 120 to receive catheter 132 having an inflatable balloon 134, such as an angioplasty balloon, at the distal end.
• the proximal end 136 of the catheter has an inflation portion for inflating the balloon 134 within the disc space as shown in Figure 3a. This inflation aids to distract the vertebrae to facilitate insertion of the implant.
• trigger 126 is squeezed in the direction of the arrow of Figure 4 to eject the implant contained in the tubular portion 122 as shown in Figure 4a.
• the balloon 134 is deflated and instrument 120 and catheter 132 are withdrawn from the surgical site, leaving the implant in the disc space.
• the balloon catheter can be either an integral part of the delivery instrument or a separate device removably inserted through the bore of the delivery instrument.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Neurology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Transplantation (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Vascular Medicine (AREA)
• Cardiology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (42)

Families Citing this family (93)

Family Cites Families (105)

• 2002
  • 2002-09-24 ES ES02800351T patent/ES2329665T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-24 CA CA2460766A patent/CA2460766C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-09-24 WO PCT/US2002/030263 patent/WO2003028587A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2002-09-24 EP EP02800351A patent/EP1432371B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-24 AU AU2002334655A patent/AU2002334655B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2002-09-24 US US10/253,446 patent/US7267687B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-24 DE DE60232893T patent/DE60232893D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-09-24 JP JP2003531927A patent/JP4394441B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-06-22 US US11/821,300 patent/US9095449B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

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