WO2002092226A1 - Catalyseurs pour substitution nucleophile, leur synthese, composition en contenant et leur utilisation - Google Patents
Catalyseurs pour substitution nucleophile, leur synthese, composition en contenant et leur utilisation Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002092226A1 WO2002092226A1 PCT/FR2002/001286 FR0201286W WO02092226A1 WO 2002092226 A1 WO2002092226 A1 WO 2002092226A1 FR 0201286 W FR0201286 W FR 0201286W WO 02092226 A1 WO02092226 A1 WO 02092226A1
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- advantageously
- chosen
- formula
- nitrogen
- use according
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims description 20
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 87
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 45
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 21
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 on the one hand Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004452 microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011698 potassium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019647 acidic taste Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfoxide Natural products CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 4
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- WLRUCGWYQFZZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M amino(triphenyl)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C=1C=CC=CC=1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 WLRUCGWYQFZZNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 3
- QLNAVQRIWDRPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminophosphane Chemical compound P=N QLNAVQRIWDRPHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraphenylphosphanium;bromide Chemical group [Br-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BRKFQVAOMSWFDU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylphosphine Chemical compound CCCCP(CCCC)CCCC TUQOTMZNTHZOKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLWGKIXZAUOECS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 BLWGKIXZAUOECS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFQDTOYDVUWQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 WFQDTOYDVUWQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WWLBWFDOHOYGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C)[PH4] Chemical compound CN(C)[PH4] WWLBWFDOHOYGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M N,N,N-Trimethylmethanaminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)C OKIZCWYLBDKLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XQJHRCVXRAJIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminophosphine Chemical class PN XQJHRCVXRAJIDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVRCYPYRKNAAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=CC=C1[P+](C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)N=P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVRCYPYRKNAAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HTGOWFMBQFBMPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromo(tributyl)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound CCCCP(Br)(Br)(CCCC)CCCC HTGOWFMBQFBMPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RODUORFYFAMGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromophosphane Chemical compound BrPBr RODUORFYFAMGFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003270 potassium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical group [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical group C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- IIOSDXGZLBPOHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyphenyl)phosphane Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C(=CC=CC=1)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1OC IIOSDXGZLBPOHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTBYINQTYWZXLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 NTBYINQTYWZXLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- RJXOVESYJFXCGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluoro-1-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1F RJXOVESYJFXCGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Chloronitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710134784 Agnoprotein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PRFYRUGDNAOCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Br[PH3]Br Chemical class Br[PH3]Br PRFYRUGDNAOCBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKEFYDZQGKAQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clc1cc(Cl)cc(Cl)c1 Chemical compound Clc1cc(Cl)cc(Cl)c1 XKEFYDZQGKAQCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFKBODCWHNDUTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fc1cc(Cl)cc(F)c1 Chemical compound Fc1cc(Cl)cc(F)c1 RFKBODCWHNDUTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910014276 N-Li Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014326 N—Li Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001409 amidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I antimony(5+);pentachloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl VMPVEPPRYRXYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 150000001501 aryl fluorides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorodiphenylphosphine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 XGRJZXREYAXTGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000068 chlorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940125782 compound 2 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- OCXGTPDKNBIOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibromo(triphenyl)-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(Br)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Br)C1=CC=CC=C1 OCXGTPDKNBIOTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004212 difluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XVDBWWRIXBMVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphanyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(N(C)C)N(C)C XVDBWWRIXBMVJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N nifuroxazide Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)N\N=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 YCWSUKQGVSGXJO-NTUHNPAUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003349 semicarbazides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium amide Chemical compound [NH2-].[Na+] ODZPKZBBUMBTMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical class [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium group Chemical group [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003930 superacid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQSNYNMMDQPIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(diethylamino)phosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCN(CC)[P+](N(CC)CC)(N(CC)CC)N(CC)CC GQSNYNMMDQPIDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0239—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0255—Phosphorus containing compounds
- B01J31/0267—Phosphines or phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphorus bonded to at least one carbon atom, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, the other atoms bonded to phosphorus being either carbon or hydrogen
- B01J31/0268—Phosphonium compounds, i.e. phosphine with an additional hydrogen or carbon atom bonded to phosphorous so as to result in a formal positive charge on phosphorous
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0271—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds also containing elements or functional groups covered by B01J31/0201 - B01J31/0231
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B39/00—Halogenation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
- C07C17/20—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
- C07C17/202—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction
- C07C17/208—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being MX
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
- C07C201/12—Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
- C07F9/062—Organo-phosphoranes without P-C bonds
- C07F9/065—Phosphoranes containing the structure P=N-
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/535—Organo-phosphoranes
- C07F9/5355—Phosphoranes containing the structure P=N-
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new method for producing nucleophilic substitutions, in particular of the SNA ⁇ type, and more particularly relates to new catalysts. Although the effect is less marked, it also relates to the use of these catalysts for SN 2 reactions.
- the invention relates more particularly to aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions involving the following reaction scheme:
- R possible radical R possible radical n the number of GEA Electro-Attractor Group substituents
- the leaving group can thus be a nitro group, advantageously a pseudohalogen, or preferably a halogen atom, especially with an atomic number greater than that of fluorine.
- pseudohalogen is intended to denote a group whose departure leads to an oxygenated anion, the anionic charge being carried by the chalcogen atom and whose acidity is at least equal to that of acetic acid, advantageously at the second acidity of sulfuric acid and, preferably, that of trifluoroacetic acid.
- pKa for medium to high acidities from carboxylic acids to acetic acid and place on the Hammett constants scale (see Figure 1 ) from trifluoroacetic acid.
- the leaving group is a nitro group
- the latter is generally replaced by a chlorine or fluorine atom.
- most of these reagents require operating at very high temperatures and the mechanism does not always turn out to be a nucleophilic substitution.
- the departure from the nitro group leads to the formation of oxygenated and halogenated nitrogen derivatives which are particularly aggressive with respect to the substrate, or even explosive.
- the aryl radical to be transformed is preferably depleted in electrons and has an electronic density at most equal to that of benzene, at most close to that of a chlorobenzene, preferably a dichlorobenzene.
- This depletion may be due to the presence in the aromatic (six-membered) cycle of a heteroatom such as, for example, in pyridine, quinoline (depletion in this case involves a six-membered ring).
- the depletion is significant enough for the substitution reaction to be very easy and does not require any specific additional activation.
- Depletion of electrons can also be induced by electron-withdrawing substituents present on this aromatic cycle. These substituents are preferably selected from withdrawing by an inductive effect or effect mesomeric groups as defined in the reference book in Organic Chemistry "Advanced Organic Chemistry” by J. MARCH, 3rd edition, Wiley publisher, 1985 (see in particular pages 17 and 238).
- one of the techniques most used to manufacture a fluorinated derivative consists in reacting a halogenated aromatic derivative, generally chlorinated, to exchange the halogen (s) with one or more fluorine (s). ) of mineral origin.
- a halogenated aromatic derivative generally chlorinated
- fluorine (s). ) of mineral origin e.g., sodium fluorides and especially potassium, cesium and / or rubidium.
- an alkali metal fluoride is used, most often of a high atomic weight such as for example sodium fluorides and especially potassium, cesium and / or rubidium.
- the fluoride used is potassium fluoride which constitutes a satisfactory economic compromise.
- reaction is slow and, due to a long residence time, requires significant investment.
- This technique is generally used at high temperatures which can reach around 250 ° C., or even 300 ° C. in the case of nuclei with little depletion of electrons, that is to say say in the area where the most stable organic solvents begin to decompose.
- one of the aims of the present invention is to provide nucleophilic substitution catalysts which allow in particular a catalysis of the SN 2 and especially SNA ⁇ reactions.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide nucleophilic substitution catalysts which allow in particular a catalysis of SNA initiativess reactions, even when the nucleus seat of said SNA ⁇ is only slightly depleted in electrons.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide nucleophilic substitution catalysts which are also phase transfer agents. Another object of the present invention is to provide nucleophilic substitution catalysts which have a fairly high decomposition temperature, for example at least 200 ° C, advantageously 250 ° C, and even 300 ° C.
- the Pn are chosen from the metalloid elements of column V with a period greater than that of nitrogen;
- - Z is a metalloid element of column V, advantageously distinct from Pn; preferably a nitrogen (N, P, As, Sb).
- the fact that one of Ri to R 6 is hydrogen is not preferred.
- the compounds of formula (I) can be neutral and in this case are amphoteric, in other words carriers in the same molecule of the cationic function exposed in formula (I) and of the anionic function ensuring electrical neutrality; but the easiest compounds of formula (I) are cationic compounds and are advantageously introduced in the form of a salt of formula (II):
- - X " is a counterion chosen from anions and mixtures of anions, which anions and mixtures of anions are advantageously chosen from monovalent anions;
- said hydrocarbon radicals Ri, R 2 , R 3 , Rt, R5, and R 6 are generally chosen from:
- phosphino groups such as dialkoylphosphino alkyloylphosphino and especially diarylphosphino; but, especially when Pn is phosphorus, it is preferable that there are at most two, advantageously, at most one such group per atom of Pn;
- the compounds where the R 4 , R 5 , or even R 6 are phosphinimino are easy to synthesize.
- these phosphinimino mention may be made of those in which the phosphorus carries aryls, alkyls or dialkoylamino.
- the aryls entering into the above compound are advantageously homocyclic taken in the sense of anonymous to heterocyclic.
- alkyl is taken in its etymological sense from the rest of an alcohol from which the OH function has been removed. Thus it essentially comprises the radicals, the free bond of which is carried by a carbon atom of hybridization sp 3 , which carbon atom is linked only to carbons or to hydrogens.
- the alkyls which are substituted by atoms and / or functions (according to the applications it is preferable to avoid the parasitic reactions of choosing functions which are inert under the conditions for implementing the invention) and in particular those which carry ether function (s) and in particular the mono-oligo- or poly-ethoxylated sequences obtained epoxides in particular of ethylene and / or of peralkylated amine function, those which are substituted by halogens, those which carry aromatic nucleus (s).
- Said alkyls can also carry phosphonium or quaternary ammonium functions
- the Ri, R 2 , R3, 4 , R5, and Re advantageously have at most 20 carbon atoms and, unless it is linked to a polymer, the molecule has a total of at most 100 atoms carbon, preferably at most 60 carbon atoms.
- Ri, R 2 , R 3 Ri, R5, and R 6 represent a polymer arm; this arm is linked to the corresponding Pn atom via a link with a carbon atom of aliphatic or aromatic nature or via a link with an imino or amino group.
- Ri, R 2 , R 3 are identical. The same goes for R, R 5 , and RQ. Ri, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R5, and R ⁇ can be linked together and form cycles.
- R 3 , R4, R 5 , and R 6 are the same, is easier and therefore less expensive. To this extent, they are therefore preferred. However, the activity of compounds not having this symmetry around Z is very often excellent.
- this carbon atom can be of sp 3 hybridization aliphatic, or sp 2 hybridization, that is to say mainly of aromatic nature due to the instability of the vinyl groups. Links with atoms of an aromatic nature are preferred. Another kind of link is preferred, it is the link through the nitrogen atom of an amino function or an imine function.
- At least 3, advantageously at least 4, preferably at least 5, more preferably all of the R 1 t R 2 , R3, R4, R5, and Re are linked to the Pn through atom of aromatic carbon and / or nitrogen atom of amino function or peralkylated imine.
- the peralkylated imines are phosphonimines
- the counterions are advantageously chosen from anions and mixtures of anions X "which are not very nucleophilic, that is to say when they are unique, are such that XH has a pKa at most equal to 3, advantageously at 2, preferably 1, more preferably zero and when they consist of a mixture of anions at least one of the anions is not very nucleophilic.
- Ar- ( ⁇ ) - where Ar is an aromatic radical in which the nucleus carrying ⁇ is depleted in electrons either because it contains at least one heteroatom in its cycle, or because the sum of the ⁇ p of its substituents, except the ⁇ , is at least equal to 0.2, advantageously to 0.4, preferably to 0.5; the substituents can be leaving groups likely to give rise to a new substitution and thus to be noted ⁇ , in an SNA ⁇ later; - where ⁇ is a leaving group, advantageously in the form of an anion ⁇ " ; to the action of a nucleophilic agent capable of exchanging with the or at least one of the substituents ⁇ in the presence of a catalyst of formula (I).
- the molar ratio between the catalyst and the nucleophilic agent used in the reaction is at least equal to 0.1% o, advantageously 0.5% o, preferably 1% o, more preferably 0.5 %.
- the molar ratio between the catalyst and the substrate used in the reaction is at least equal to 0.1% o, advantageously 0.5% o, preferably 1% o, more preferably 0.5% .
- ⁇ " is less nucleophilic than the nucleophilic agent with which it is going to be exchanged; as the nucleophilia scales are difficult to use, the person skilled in the art can use the empirical rule that ⁇ H is advantageously more acid than the nucleophile in the form on Avenue may be a nitro or quaternary ammonium group, but it is preferable that it is a pseudohalogen group or preferably a halogen atom chosen from chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- pseudohalogen is intended to denote a group the departure of which leads to an oxygenated anion, the anionic charge being carried by the chalcogen atom and the acidity of which, expressed by the Hammett constant, is at least equal to that of the acetic acid, advantageously at the second acidity of sulfuric acid and preferably that of trifluoroacetic acid.
- the nucleophilic substitution reaction being relatively facilitated when ⁇ represents an iodine atom, the claimed process is more particularly interesting when ⁇ symbolizes a chlorine, bromine or pseudohalogen atom.
- the aromatic substrate thus substituted has an electronic density at most equal to that of phenyl, advantageously at most close to that of a chlorophenyl and preferably a difluorophenyl.
- This depletion may also be due to the presence in the aromatic cycle of a heteroatom such as, for example, in pyridine, quinoline. It is important to emphasize that this type of depletion is only observed when Ar symbolizes a compound having a 6-membered ring and the heteroatom belongs to column V (essentially nitrogen or phosphorus) as defined in the table in the periodic classification of the elements published in the supplement to the Bulletin of the Chemical Society of France in January 1966.
- the or at least one of the groups R is an electron-withdrawing substituent and not leaving and more preferentially is different from a carbon substituent.
- the substituent (s) R when they are attractors can be chosen from halogen atoms and the following groups: - NO 2
- Alk representing a hydrogen, advantageously an alkyl group, linear or branched, preferably from Ci to C 4 .
- R groups As examples of preferred R groups, mention may more particularly be made of halogen atoms and the nitro group.
- the electron-withdrawing substituent (s) R are more preferably located in the ortho and / or para position with respect to the leaving group (s) ⁇ .
- nucleophilic agent intended to replace the leaving group (s) X at the level of the aromatic substrate, it can be generated in situ during the irradiation reaction.
- nucleophilic agent capable of being used according to the invention there may be mentioned in particular:
- Nitrogen nucleophilic derivatives are of particular interest in the context of the claimed process.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process which is particularly useful for carrying out exchange reactions between fluorine and the halogens of the higher atomic number present on the aromatic substrate, and in particular the exchange reactions between fluorine and chlorine.
- Reverse exchange reactions that is to say the replacement of a halogen by a halogen of higher rank, are also possible.
- this type of reaction is of less interest and is moreover more difficult to carry out. Nevertheless, it is within the reach of those skilled in the art to take advantage of the teaching of the present process to carry out other exchange reactions, and in particular these reverse exchange reactions.
- the fluoride is a fluoride of an alkali metal of atomic number at least equal to that of sodium and preferably is a potassium fluoride.
- the fluoride, alkaline or alkaline earth is at least partially present in the form of a solid phase.
- reaction is carried out at a temperature lower than that retained for a reaction carried out with a usual catalyst (whose paradigm is tetramethylammonium).
- the reaction is generally carried out in a solvent and, in this case, it is preferable to carry out the reaction at a temperature of at least 10 ° C., advantageously 20 ° C, preferably 40 ° C lower than that of the temperature limit usually accepted for said solvent used.
- the heating is carried out partially or completely by microwave of the present invention; in this case it is preferable that the microwaves are emitted in short periods (from 10 seconds to 15 minutes) alternating with cooling phases.
- the respective durations of the microwave emission periods and the cooling periods are chosen so that the temperature at the end of each microwave emission period remains below a fixed initial temperature which is generally lower than the strength of the ingredients in the reaction mixture.
- the power released by the microwaves is then chosen so that, for a fixed initial temperature, generally that of operation, it is equivalent to the energy evacuated by the cooling system and this to heat released or absorbed by the reaction.
- Such an actinic heating method also has the advantage of being compatible with a continuous operating mode.
- This mode of use advantageously makes it possible to overcome the problems of heat exchange which may be generated during the opening and closing operations of the reactor where the microwaves are emitted.
- the materials to be activated are introduced continuously via an inlet orifice within the reactor where they undergo activation by microwave and the products are continuously removed from said reactor via an outlet orifice.
- actinic heating by microwaves it is recommended to use a power released by microwaves of between 1 and 50 watts per milliequivalent of aromatic substrate. It is also desirable to comply with the constraint that the power released by the microwaves is between 2 and 100 watts per gram of reaction mixture.
- the catalyst according to the invention can be used concomitantly with a catalyst deemed to be a phase transfer catalyst, especially when this catalyst is a catalyst of cationic nature. Such concomitant use is all the more judicious since the mechanism of action seems different.
- phase transfer catalysts that can be used are generally oniums, that is to say they are organic cations whose charge is supported by a metalloid.
- oniums mention should be made of ammoniums, phosphoniums and sulfoniums.
- other phase transfer catalysts can also be used as soon as these phase transfer catalysts are positively charged.
- It may also be encrypted cations, for example crown ethers encrypting alkalis.
- phase transfer catalysts can be used in the presence or in the absence, preferably in the presence of a particularly heavy alkaline cation and therefore of high atomic rank such as cesium and rubidium.
- a dipolar aprotic solvent is generally used, a solid phase consisting at least partially of alkaline fluorides and a cation which promotes the reaction, said cation being a heavy alkali or an organic phase transfer agent, an agent of cationic nature.
- the content of alkaline cation when used as promoter is advantageously between 1 and 5%, preferably between 2 and 3 mol% of the nucleophilic agent used.
- These domains are closed domains, that is to say that they have their limits.
- the reagent can include, as promoter, phase transfer agents which are oniums (organic cations whose name ends with onium).
- Oniums generally represent 1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5 mol% of the aromatic substrate, the counter ion is indifferent but most often halogen.
- the preferred reagents are tetraalkylammoniums of 4 to 28 carbon atoms, preferably of 4 to 16 carbon atoms. Tetraalkylammonium is generally tetramethylammonium. Mention should also be made of phosphoniums and in particular phenylphosphoniums which have the advantage of being stable and relatively unhygroscopic, however the latter are relatively expensive.
- the halex-type aprotic solvent advantageously has a significant dipole moment.
- its relative dielectric constant epsilon is advantageously at least equal to around 10, preferably the epsilon is less than or equal to 100 and greater than or equal to 25.
- the oniums are chosen from the group of cations formed by the columns VB and VIB as defined in the table of the periodic classification of the elements published in the supplement to the Bulletin of the departments Chimique de France in January 1966, with respectively four or three hydrocarbon chains .
- said suspended solid In general, it is known that a fine particle size has an influence on the kinetics.
- said suspended solid it is desirable for said suspended solid to have a particle size such that its dgo (defined as the mesh allowing 90% by mass of the solid to pass) is at most equal to 100 ⁇ m, advantageously at most equal to 50 ⁇ m, of preferably at most equal to 200 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit is advantageously characterized by the fact that the d-io of said suspended solid is at least equal to 0.1 ⁇ m, preferably at least equal to 1 ⁇ m.
- the ratio between said nucleophilic agent, preferably alkaline fluoride and said substrate is between 1 and 1.5, preferably around 5/4 relative to the stoichiometry of the exchange.
- the mass content of solids present in the reaction medium is advantageously at least equal to 1/5, advantageously 1/4, preferably 1/3.
- the agitation is advantageously carried out so that at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the solids, is kept in suspension by the agitation.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out at a temperature ranging from approximately 150 to approximately 250 ° C.
- a temperature ranging from approximately 150 to approximately 250 ° C.
- approximately is used to highlight the fact that the values which follow it correspond to mathematical roundings and in particular that, in the absence of comma, when the digit (s) furthest to the right of a number are zeros, these zeros are position zeros and not significant figures, except of course if specified otherwise. It should however be emphasized that when the temperature increases, the kinetics increase but that the selectivity decreases.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a composition capable of serving as a nucleophilic substitution reagent, in particular an aromatic.
- composition comprising: • a polar aprotic solvent;
- Another object of the invention is to provide, in addition to that of having supplied a new family of new compounds useful as nucleophilic substitution catalysts and having a marked catalytic character.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for the synthesis of the compounds used or usable as a nucleophilic substitution catalyst of order 2 and in particular of nucleophilic substitution called SN ar .
- R3. 4, 5 and R 6 is greater than 12, preferably at least equal to 14, advantageously at least equal to 16.
- the limitation on the number of alkyl derivatives is linked to the fact that, according to the present invention, it has been shown that it is desirable for the substituents R 1 to R 6 to exhibit above all a donor character by mesomeric effect in order to better delocalize the positive charge.
- the alkyl chains with a carbon number greater than 5 may be of interest for the compatibility of the catalyst with solvents of low polar character, that is to say the solvents which are not miscible in all proportions with water.
- the final product can be obtained by quaternization of the Pn which remains trivalent using a compound chosen from R 4 -X ', R 5 -X' or R 6 -X '. or X ′ is an advantageously halogen leaving group preferably of rank at least equal to that of chlorine; including Brome and iodine.
- the reaction can be written as follows:
- the iminoid is condensed with a phosphine already carrying two of the final substituents, here R 4 and R 5 .
- one of the Pn is advantageously P.
- Z is advantageously nitrogen.
- the anion of the iminoid is transformed into cation by oxidation, advantageously by means of a positive halogen (commonly noted in the case of bromine by Br + ) or molecular, most often bromine and is brought into contact with a trisubstituted Pn (R4) (Rs) (Re) Pn; giving thus directly a compound according to the present invention.
- a positive halogen commonly noted in the case of bromine by Br +
- Rs trisubstituted Pn (R4) (Rs) (Re) Pn
- one of the Pn is advantageously P, preferably both.
- Z is advantageously nitrogen.
- the synthesis can be carried out by reacting a trisubstituted phosphinimine compound with a halophosphonium halide, which phosphonium carries three hydrocarbon substituents.
- a halophosphonium halide which phosphonium carries three hydrocarbon substituents.
- phosphiniminophosphonium bromide can be carried out by reacting phosphinimines with the dibromophosphoranes corresponding to the desired salt.
- the phosphinimines are obtained by deprotonation of the corresponding aminophosphonium salt in the presence of a strong base such as sodium amide.
- the reaction can be written as below: PhsPBrc
- the R 'can for example correspond to Ri, R 2 and R 3 and the R can correspond to R 4 , R 5 and R ⁇ or vice versa.
- the starting phosphonimines are generally obtained by the action of an equivalent of n-butyllithium as a base on an aminophosphonium halide in general of bromide.
- Some phosphinimines are commercial.
- Dibromophosphorane is prepared beforehand by simple addition of a stoichiometric amount of dibroma to the appropriate phosphine. As indicated in the paradigmatic equation below:
- the R 'can for example correspond to Ri, R 2 and R 3 and the R can correspond to R, R 5 and R & or vice versa.
- the synthesis of these symmetrical or asymmetrical compounds is carried out by means of an intermediate called the phosphonium azayldiide.
- This reaction can be schematized as below, it being understood that in this example, the phenyls can be replaced by Ri, R 2 , R 3 and Ar 3 can be replaced by R 4 , R 5 and R 6 . Equation # 3
- the R 'can for example correspond to R-i, R2 and
- R 3 and R can correspond to R 4 , R 5 and R ⁇ or vice versa.
- the tubes are closed with a septum and a screw cap, then heated with stirring for 4 h at 150 ° C. After returning to ambient temperature, approximately 10 g of water are added, then 5 g of dichloromethane, after decantation and separation of the organic and aqueous phases, the aqueous phase is back-extracted twice with 5 g of dichloromethane. The different organic phases are collected and analyzed by CPG. Loading table
- TMAC tetra-methyl-ammonium chloride
- Tetrakis tetrakis- (diethylamino) -phosphonium bromide
- Ph 4 PBr tetra-phenyl-phosphonium bromide
- PPNCI bis (triphenylphosphoranylidene) -ammonium chloride of formula
- the tubes are closed with a septum and a screw cap, then heated with stirring for 4 h at 170 ° C. After returning to ambient temperature, approximately 10 g of water are added, then 5 g of dichloromethane, after decantation and separation of the organic and aqueous phases, the aqueous phase is back-extracted twice with 5 g of dichloromethane. The different organic phases are collected and analyzed by CPG.
- TMAC tetra-methylammonium chloride
- Tetrakis terakis- (diethylamino) -phosphonium bromide
- Ph4PBr tetra-phenyl-phosphonium bromide
- PPNCI Bis (triphenylphosphoranylidene) -ammonium chloride.
- the catalyst according to the invention which gives both the best conversion rate but also the one which gives the best yield of difluorinated product.
- the tubes are closed with a septum and a screw cap, then heated with stirring to 210 ° C. for the time indicated in the table. After returning to ambient temperature, approximately 10 g of water are added, then 5 g of dichloromethane, after decantation and separation of the organic and aqueous phases, the aqueous phase is back-extracted twice with 5 g of dichloromethane. The different organic phases are collected and analyzed by CPG.
- the catalyst according to the invention is on the one hand that which gave the highest conversion rate but on the other hand the only one which gave a little difluorination.
- the tubes are closed by a septum and a screw cap, then heated with stirring for 3 h at 150 ° C. After returning to ambient temperature, approximately 10 g of water and 5 g of dichloromethane are added, then again 5 g of dichloromethane. After decantation and separation of the organic and aqueous phases, the aqueous phase is back-extracted twice with 5 g of dichloromethane. The different organic phases are collected and analyzed by HPLC. Chartaement table
- the tubes are closed with a septum and a screw cap, then heated with stirring for 3 h at 210 ° C. After returning to ambient temperature, approximately 10 g of water and 5 g of dichloromethane are added, then again 5 g of dichloromethane. After decantation and separation of the organic and aqueous phases, the aqueous phase is back-extracted twice with 5 g of dichloromethane. The different organic phases are collected and analyzed by CPG.
- the organic phase is then dried over MgSO 4 and concentrated to dryness for the various treatments.
- b) General procedure for passing from I to Br The pure iodide obtained is redissolved in dichloromethane and washed with an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (2 eq). The organic phase is then washed with a solution of distilled water in order to remove the remains of suspended silver iodide. The organic phase will then undergo 3 washes with an aqueous NaBr solution (2.5 eq; 1.5 eq; 0.5 eq). The organic solution is finally dried over MgSO then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, thus making it possible to isolate the pure bromine compound.
- the solution obtained is filtered and the precipitate purified by simple washing, first with a solution of 30 ml of ethanol and then with a solution of 50 ml of ether. We obtained the tribrominated salt of the expected product.
- the tribrominated salts obtained are taken up in a solution of dichloromethane and washed with an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite (2 eq). Discoloration of the organic phase is then rapidly observed, a characteristic sign of the reduction of the trihalides. The organic phase is dried over
- reaction mixture is filtered and the precipitate containing the expected product recovered. This is taken up in a minimum of dichloromethane to which a few drops of ethanol will be added until the slight haze disappears completely. Adding a large volume of ether will remove much of the impurities.
- the ethereal phase is then concentrated to dryness, taken up in ether and left at low temperature overnight.
- the product in monobrominated form is recovered pure by simple filtration and the solid dried over P2O5 overnight at
- the solution obtained is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure.
- the residue recovered is taken up in ether, then filtered.
- the pasty, semi-solid product is taken up in dichloromethane and washed with a solution of distilled water.
- the organic phase is dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and then concentrated to dryness.
- the product is then suspended in ether and left overnight at low temperature.
- the pasty solid contained in the ethereal phase is triturated in a cold alcohol bath at -70 ° C and the solution is filtered.
- the pure product is finally dried in a desiccator on
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02732820A EP1377376A1 (fr) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Catalyseurs pour substitution nucleophile, leur synthese, composition en contenant et leur utilisation |
MXPA03009212A MXPA03009212A (es) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | CATALIZADORES PARA SUSTITUCIoN NUCLEOFILICA, SU SiNTESIS, COMPOSICIoN QUE LOS CONTIENEN Y SU UTILIZACIoN. |
CA002442782A CA2442782A1 (fr) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Catalyseurs pour substitution nucleophile, leur synthese, composition en contenant et leur utilisation |
HU0303945A HUP0303945A2 (hu) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Nukleofil szubsztitúcióban alkalmazható katalizátorok, eljárás előállításukra, az ezeket tartalmazó készítmények és alkalmazásuk |
US10/472,912 US7217842B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Catalysts for nucleophilic substitution, synthesis thereof, composition containing them and use thereof |
JP2002589139A JP2004524969A (ja) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | 求核置換用触媒、それらの合成、それらを含有する組成物およびそれらの使用 |
US11/784,472 US20070225524A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2007-04-06 | Catalysts for nucleophilic substitution, synthesis thereof, composition containing them and use thereof |
US12/103,543 US20080194886A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2008-04-15 | Catalysts for nucleophilic substitution, synthesis thereof, composition containing them and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR01/05034 | 2001-04-12 | ||
FR0105034A FR2823451B1 (fr) | 2001-04-12 | 2001-04-12 | Catalyseurs de substitution aromatique nucleophile, composition en contenant et utilisation pour une substitution sn ar |
FR02/04522 | 2002-04-10 | ||
FR0204522A FR2838441B1 (fr) | 2002-04-11 | 2002-04-11 | Composes presentant un role catalytique dans les echanges de substitutions nucleophiles et procede de synthese de ces composes |
Related Child Applications (1)
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US11/784,472 Division US20070225524A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2007-04-06 | Catalysts for nucleophilic substitution, synthesis thereof, composition containing them and use thereof |
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WO2002092226A1 true WO2002092226A1 (fr) | 2002-11-21 |
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PCT/FR2002/001286 WO2002092226A1 (fr) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-12 | Catalyseurs pour substitution nucleophile, leur synthese, composition en contenant et leur utilisation |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (3) | US7217842B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1377376A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2004524969A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN100482344C (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2442782A1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUP0303945A2 (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA03009212A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002092226A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1616863A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-18 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Procédé pour la préparation des composés aromatiques fluorés |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7304172B2 (en) * | 2004-10-08 | 2007-12-04 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Polycarbonates made using highly selective catalysts |
WO2008004088A2 (fr) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-10 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.) | Procédé co-catalysé par fer-cuivre pour une liaison carbone-carbone ou carbone-hétéroatome |
JP5421118B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-22 | 2014-02-19 | シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ | オレフィンモノマーのオリゴマー化用配位子及び触媒 |
FR2915200B1 (fr) | 2007-04-20 | 2009-07-03 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Procede de preparation de ligands de type phosphines butadieniques,leurs complexes avec le cuivre,et leurs applications en catalyse |
EP2240276B1 (fr) | 2007-12-06 | 2020-12-02 | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Nouveau système catalytique à base de fer pour réaction de couplage croisé |
FR2928925B1 (fr) | 2008-03-19 | 2011-01-07 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Complexes de bore ou d'aluminium, et leurs utilisations. |
JP5300123B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-24 | 2013-09-25 | 広栄化学工業株式会社 | アンモニウム塩及びそれを用いた帯電防止剤 |
JP5481628B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-28 | 2014-04-23 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 高熱安定性を有する機能性フォスファジド |
US20110015401A1 (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2011-01-20 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Fluorine Bond Formation |
CN103553974A (zh) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 上海华谊(集团)公司 | 一种n-烷基共轭离子型季铵盐的制备方法 |
CN108586257B (zh) * | 2018-05-03 | 2020-12-22 | 浙江解氏新材料股份有限公司 | 一种对氟硝基苯的制备方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5045632A (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1991-09-03 | The Dow Chemical Company | Novel bis(phosphoranylidene) ammonium salts |
EP0523671A2 (fr) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-20 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé de préparation de chlorofluoronitrobenzènes |
US5401814A (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1995-03-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of thermoplastic poly(hydroxy ethers) |
DE19702282A1 (de) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-30 | Hoechst Ag | Katalysator für Halex-Reaktionen |
Family Cites Families (2)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US4069262A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-01-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Preparation of 2-fluoronitrobenzene |
US4140719A (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-02-20 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis improved method of preparing 2,4-difluoroaniline |
-
2002
- 2002-04-12 EP EP02732820A patent/EP1377376A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-04-12 US US10/472,912 patent/US7217842B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-12 HU HU0303945A patent/HUP0303945A2/hu unknown
- 2002-04-12 MX MXPA03009212A patent/MXPA03009212A/es unknown
- 2002-04-12 WO PCT/FR2002/001286 patent/WO2002092226A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2002-04-12 CA CA002442782A patent/CA2442782A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2002-04-12 CN CNB028089480A patent/CN100482344C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-12 JP JP2002589139A patent/JP2004524969A/ja active Pending
-
2007
- 2007-04-06 US US11/784,472 patent/US20070225524A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2008
- 2008-04-15 US US12/103,543 patent/US20080194886A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5045632A (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1991-09-03 | The Dow Chemical Company | Novel bis(phosphoranylidene) ammonium salts |
EP0523671A2 (fr) * | 1991-07-17 | 1993-01-20 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Procédé de préparation de chlorofluoronitrobenzènes |
US5401814A (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1995-03-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Process for the preparation of thermoplastic poly(hydroxy ethers) |
DE19702282A1 (de) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-07-30 | Hoechst Ag | Katalysator für Halex-Reaktionen |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1616863A1 (fr) * | 2004-07-08 | 2006-01-18 | LANXESS Deutschland GmbH | Procédé pour la préparation des composés aromatiques fluorés |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1377376A1 (fr) | 2004-01-07 |
CN1505547A (zh) | 2004-06-16 |
US20040147390A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
US20080194886A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 |
US7217842B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
HUP0303945A2 (hu) | 2004-03-29 |
MXPA03009212A (es) | 2004-01-29 |
US20070225524A1 (en) | 2007-09-27 |
CN100482344C (zh) | 2009-04-29 |
CA2442782A1 (fr) | 2002-11-21 |
JP2004524969A (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
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