WO2002085902A1 - Procede et intermediaires de production de cabergoline et de composes associes - Google Patents
Procede et intermediaires de production de cabergoline et de composes associes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002085902A1 WO2002085902A1 PCT/IL2001/000344 IL0100344W WO02085902A1 WO 2002085902 A1 WO2002085902 A1 WO 2002085902A1 IL 0100344 W IL0100344 W IL 0100344W WO 02085902 A1 WO02085902 A1 WO 02085902A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- trimethylsilyl
- compound
- formula
- carbon atoms
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- KORNTPPJEAJQIU-KJXAQDMKSA-N Cabaser Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@H](CN(CC=C)[C@@H]2C2)C(=O)N(CCCN(C)C)C(=O)NCC)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 KORNTPPJEAJQIU-KJXAQDMKSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 26
- 229960004596 cabergoline Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005828 desilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract 3
- -1 aralkyl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical group ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylformamide Substances CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006884 silylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)NC(C)C UAOMVDZJSHZZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F FTVLMFQEYACZNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCCCN2CCCN=C21 GQHTUMJGOHRCHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- JNOGVQJEBGEKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-methoxy-2-methylprop-1-enoxy)-trimethylsilane Chemical compound COC(=C(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C JNOGVQJEBGEKMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Chemical compound C1CC2CCN1NC2 QVCUKHQDEZNNOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LUBVCBITQHEVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-trimethylsilylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1CCCC1=O LUBVCBITQHEVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RZYHXKLKJRGJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoro-n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C(F)(F)F RZYHXKLKJRGJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNUKTDKISXPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-oxopropyl Chemical group [CH2]C(C)=O HNUKTDKISXPDPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RGUKYNXWOWSRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyridine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1=CC=NC=C1 RGUKYNXWOWSRET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylpiperidine Chemical compound CCN1CCCCC1 HTLZVHNRZJPSMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MSPCIZMDDUQPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N(C)C(=O)C(F)(F)F MSPCIZMDDUQPGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-trimethylsilylimidazole Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1C=CN=C1 YKFRUJSEPGHZFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QWQONZVLXJGXHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [chlorosulfonyloxy(dimethyl)silyl]methane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(Cl)(=O)=O QWQONZVLXJGXHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005278 alkyl sulfonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical group N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005279 aryl sulfonyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- VHOLOZYRMQVHBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazol-1-yl(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N([Si](C)(C)C)N=NC2=C1 VHOLOZYRMQVHBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRUQDZRWZXUUAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C KRUQDZRWZXUUAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940043279 diisopropylamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- WPSPBNRWECRRPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N1C=NC=N1 WPSPBNRWECRRPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JCUPGHJJFSUZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCUPGHJJFSUZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NTJPIRDYMVYFNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylsilylmethanesulfonate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CS([O-])(=O)=O NTJPIRDYMVYFNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims 5
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004665 trialkylsilyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229940066528 trichloroacetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000003946 Prolactin Human genes 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108010057464 Prolactin Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940097325 prolactin Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- AWFDCTXCTHGORH-HGHGUNKESA-N 6-[4-[(6ar,9r,10ar)-5-bromo-7-methyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carbonyl]piperazin-1-yl]-1-methylpyridin-2-one Chemical compound O=C([C@H]1CN([C@H]2[C@@H](C=3C=CC=C4NC(Br)=C(C=34)C2)C1)C)N(CC1)CCN1C1=CC=CC(=O)N1C AWFDCTXCTHGORH-HGHGUNKESA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- RHGUXDUPXYFCTE-ZWNOBZJWSA-N ergoline Chemical class C1=CC([C@@H]2[C@H](NCCC2)C2)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 RHGUXDUPXYFCTE-ZWNOBZJWSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- WUDNUHPRLBTKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isocyanate Chemical compound CCN=C=O WUDNUHPRLBTKOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JJTHJEHDIBAMMM-YFVAEKQCSA-N (6ar,9r,10ar)-n-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-7-prop-2-enyl-6,6a,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-4h-indolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H]2C[C@H](CN(CC=C)[C@@H]2C2)C(=O)NCCCN(C)C)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 JJTHJEHDIBAMMM-YFVAEKQCSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=CC=C1 QARVLSVVCXYDNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WBHOPARXKSYXRI-IRUJWGPZSA-N (6ar,9r,10ar)-n-carbamoyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a-octahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide Chemical class C1=CC([C@@H]2[C@H](NC[C@@H](C2)C(=O)NC(=O)N)C2)=C3C2=CNC3=C1 WBHOPARXKSYXRI-IRUJWGPZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 ZPQOPVIELGIULI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000939 antiparkinson agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003136 dopamine receptor stimulating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003444 phase transfer catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CSRZQMIRAZTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl iodide Substances C[Si](C)(C)I CSRZQMIRAZTJOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- JSHASCFKOSDFHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butylpyrrolidine Chemical compound CCCCN1CCCC1 JSHASCFKOSDFHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- FGWQRDGADJMULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)pyridine Chemical compound C1CC(C)CCN1C1=CC=NC=C1 FGWQRDGADJMULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940123796 Prolactin inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001515 alkali metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940035678 anti-parkinson drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940125688 antiparkinson agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Br IYYIVELXUANFED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003983 crown ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940052760 dopamine agonists Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IKGLACJFEHSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;triethylazanium;trifluoride Chemical compound F.F.F.CCN(CC)CC IKGLACJFEHSFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002050 international nonproprietary name Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 DGTNSSLYPYDJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005389 trialkylsiloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HAIZQIKYAKUOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HAIZQIKYAKUOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D457/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing indolo [4, 3-f, g] quinoline ring systems, e.g. derivatives of ergoline, of the formula:, e.g. lysergic acid
- C07D457/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing indolo [4, 3-f, g] quinoline ring systems, e.g. derivatives of ergoline, of the formula:, e.g. lysergic acid with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached in position 8
- C07D457/06—Lysergic acid amides
Definitions
- This invention relates to a new process for the preparation of dopamine agonists such as Cabergoline, to some novel intermediates used in this process and to their preparation.
- R represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyclohexyl group or a phenyl group or a dimethylamino alkyl group -(CH 2 ) n NMe2
- R represents any of the groups which R may represent, or a hydrogen atom or a pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, thiazolyl or thiadiazolyl residue, R represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R represents a hydrogen or a halogen atom or a methylthio or phenylthio group and R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; have shown potent dopamine agonist properties and have been useful as anti-Parkinson drugs and as prolactin inhibitors (US 5,382,669 and Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1989, v. 24, 421).
- One of the most potent prolactin inhibitor of this class is l-(6-allylergoline-8 ⁇ -carbonyl)-l-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylurea (international non-proprietary name Cabergoline) [la] (Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1989, v. 24, 421) which was firstly prepared by reaction of 6-allylergoline-8 ⁇ -carboxylic acid [7] with l-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3- ethylcarbodiimide (US 4,526,892) (Scheme 1):
- the present invention provides a commercially acceptable process for producing N-(ergoline-8 ⁇ -carbonyl)ureas of formula [I]:
- R is selected from alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl, phenyl, and dimethylamino alkyl group -(CH2) n NMe2 in which n is an integer
- R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl, phenyl, dimethylamino alkyl group -(CH2)nNMe2 in which n is an integer
- R represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R is selected from hydrogen, halogen, methylthio and phenylthio group; which process comprises silylating an ergoline- 8-carboxamide of formula [2],
- the present invention describes a novel process for the preparation of N-(ergoline-8 ⁇ -carbonyl)urea compounds of formula [I]. Particularly, the present invention utilizes the silylation of of ergoline-8 ⁇ -carboxamide [2] in order to selectively activate it's amide group in the subsequent reaction with isocyanate.
- This novel approach has the following advantages:
- Reagents used for silylation and desilylation are not toxic, commercially available and inexpensive.
- silylating agents suitable for silylating amides
- a compound of formula [3] is preferably used for this purpose to give intermediate N-silylamide of the formula [4], tautomers or mixtures thereof, stereoisomers, as well as addition salts thereof; intermediate [4] reacts with isocyanate of formula [5] :
- R , R and R may be the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aryl and arallcyl radicals;
- Y is selected from the group consisting of chloro, bromo, iodo, (haloalkyl)- sulfonyloxy, alkylsulfonyloxy, arylsulfonyloxy, (trialkylsilyloxy)sulfonyloxy, imidazolyl, N-acyl-N-alkylamino, N-acyl-N-(trialkylsilyl)amino, (trialkylsilyl)- amino, N,N-dialkylamino, isopropenyloxy, 1 -alkoxy- 1-alkenyloxy and trichloroacetoxy radicals;
- the silylating agent may be used in a 0.5 to 10 fold molar amount, preferably from 0.9 to 5 fold molar amount, relative to the amount of the ergoline-8 ⁇ -carboxamide [2].
- silylating agents are selected from trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate, trimethylsilyl benzenesulfonate, trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate, trimethylsilyl chloride, bromide or iodide, trimethylsilyl trichloroacetate and trifluoroacetate, 1 -(trimethylsilyl)imidazol, 1 -(trimethylsilyl)- 1 ,2,4-triazole, 1 -(trimethylsilyl)- lH-benzotriazole, 1 -(trimethylsilyl)-2-pyrrolidinone, N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, methyl trimethylsilyl dimethylketene acetal, bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfate, N,0-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and bis(trimethylsilyl)s
- the silylation reaction may be carried out from -50 °C to the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture.
- the silylation is carried out from 0° to 50 °C.
- Organic or inorganic acids or salts may accelerate the silylation.
- acids include mineral acids such as sulfuric acid or hydrogen halide.
- salts include metal halides, tertiary ammonium halides, ammonium halides, ammonium sulfate, pyridine or it's derivatives hydrohalides.
- organic or inorganic bases accelerate the silylation reaction.
- organic bases are tertiary amines, sterically hindered secondary amines, pyridine or there derivatives, l,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DB ⁇ ), l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or mixture thereof.
- tertiary amines examples include 1-ethylpiperidine, 1-butylpyrrolidine, diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, N,N,N,N-tetramethylethylenediamine, l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane or mixture thereof.
- sterically hindered secondary amines are diisopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl ⁇ iperidine or mixture thereof.
- pyridine derivatives are 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP),
- the solvent for the silylation reaction may be any suitable aprotic organic solvent provided it does not inhibit the reaction.
- suitable aprotic organic solvent examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene and bromobenzene; hydrocarbon halides such as dichloromethane and chloroform; ether solvents such as ether, isopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran (THF); ester-type solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate; or highly polar aprotic organic solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), NN-dimethylacetamide or 1-methylpyrrolidin
- the resultant silylated product may be used in the following step after isolation from the reaction mass, or may be subjected to the subsequent step without isolation.
- the resultant product is reacted with a compound of formula [5], which may be used in a 1 to 10 fold molar amount, preferably 2 to 5 fold molar amount relative to the amount of the ergoline-8 ⁇ -carboxamide [2].
- the reaction may be carried out at temperature from -50 °C to reflux temperature of the reaction mixture.
- the reaction is carried out at 0 - 50 °C without isolating silylated ergoline- 8 ⁇ -carboxamide from the reaction mass.
- the reaction of silylated ergoline-8 ⁇ -carboxamide with isocyanate may be carried out without solvent, but preferably, the reaction is carried out in any organic aprotic solvent which does not inhibit the reaction.
- organic aprotic solvent examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene and bromobenzene; hydrocarbon halides such as dichloromethane and chloroform; ether solvents such as ether, isopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran (THF); ester-type solvents such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate; or highly polar aprotic organic solvents such as acetonitrile, N,N
- the reaction of silylated ergoline-8 ⁇ -carboxamide with isocyanate may be accelerated by transition metal(s) salt(s) and/or coordination compound(s) or fluoride-ions.
- transition metals include copper or zinc.
- the said transition metal(s) salt(s) are copper and/or zinc halides.
- the said ligands in the coordination compound(s) with transition metal(s) contain phosphorous, nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms.
- the ligands include triarylphosphines, pyridine or it's derivatives, tertiary amines, nitriles, amides and ether-type compounds.
- the desilylation can be carried out by, for example, using fluoride salts optionally in the presence of phase transfer catalysts.
- fluoride salts include tetraalkylammonium fluoride, benzyltrialkylammonium fluoride and alkali metal fluoride.
- phase transfer catalysts include tetraalkylammonium salts, benzyltrialkylammonium salts and crown ethers.
- Cabergoline [la] may be prepared from amide [2a] according to Scheme 3:
- Example 1 compound [lb] was obtained using phenyl isocyanate instead of ethyl isocyanate.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002412861A CA2412861A1 (fr) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Procede et intermediaires de production de cabergoline et de composes associes |
EP01923942A EP1379526A1 (fr) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Procede et intermediaires de production de cabergoline et de composes associes |
PCT/IL2001/000344 WO2002085902A1 (fr) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Procede et intermediaires de production de cabergoline et de composes associes |
HU0303557A HUP0303557A2 (hu) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Eljárás és intermedierek cabergolin és származékai előállítására |
JP2002583429A JP2004525187A (ja) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | カベルゴリンおよび関連化合物の製造のための方法および中間体 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IL2001/000344 WO2002085902A1 (fr) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Procede et intermediaires de production de cabergoline et de composes associes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2002085902A1 true WO2002085902A1 (fr) | 2002-10-31 |
Family
ID=11043042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IL2001/000344 WO2002085902A1 (fr) | 2001-04-16 | 2001-04-16 | Procede et intermediaires de production de cabergoline et de composes associes |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1379526A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2004525187A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2412861A1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUP0303557A2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002085902A1 (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005085243A2 (fr) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-15 | Richter Gedeon Vegyészeti Gyár Rt. | Nouveau procede de production de la cabergoline |
EP1617856A2 (fr) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-01-25 | Societe De Conseils De Recherches Et D'applications Scientifiques (S.C.R.A.S.) | Analogues chimeres de la somatostatine-dopamine |
FR2877945A1 (fr) * | 2004-11-18 | 2006-05-19 | Archemis Sa | Procede de la preparation de la cabergoline |
US7217822B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2007-05-15 | Synthon Ip Inc. | Process for making cabergoline |
WO2007091039A3 (fr) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-10-18 | Resolution Chemicals Ltd | Production de cabergoline et nouvelle forme polymorphique de ce composé |
US7939665B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2011-05-10 | Apotex Pharmachem Inc. | Efficient process for the preparation of cabergoline and its intermediates |
US8952128B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2015-02-10 | Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. | Somatostatin-dopamine chimeric analogs |
US9777039B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2017-10-03 | Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. | Somatostatin analogs and dimers thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1925616A1 (fr) * | 2006-10-26 | 2008-05-28 | LEK Pharmaceuticals D.D. | Procédé pour la préparation de formes crystallines de la cabergoline via des solvates stables de la cabergoline |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2103603A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-23 | Erba Farmitalia | Ergoline derivatives |
-
2001
- 2001-04-16 EP EP01923942A patent/EP1379526A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-16 JP JP2002583429A patent/JP2004525187A/ja active Pending
- 2001-04-16 WO PCT/IL2001/000344 patent/WO2002085902A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-16 HU HU0303557A patent/HUP0303557A2/hu unknown
- 2001-04-16 CA CA002412861A patent/CA2412861A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2103603A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-02-23 | Erba Farmitalia | Ergoline derivatives |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ZOECKLER, M. T. ET AL: "Homogeneous catalytic formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds. 2. Catalytic activation of the silicon-nitrogen bond", J. ORG. CHEM. (1983), 48(15), 2539-43, XP002184892 * |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8822442B2 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2014-09-02 | Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. | Somatostatin-dopamine chimeric analogs |
EP1617856A2 (fr) * | 2003-04-11 | 2006-01-25 | Societe De Conseils De Recherches Et D'applications Scientifiques (S.C.R.A.S.) | Analogues chimeres de la somatostatine-dopamine |
EP1617856A4 (fr) * | 2003-04-11 | 2010-05-26 | Ipsen Pharma | Analogues chimeres de la somatostatine-dopamine |
WO2005085243A3 (fr) * | 2004-03-04 | 2006-04-06 | Richter Gedeon Vegyeszet | Nouveau procede de production de la cabergoline |
WO2005085243A2 (fr) * | 2004-03-04 | 2005-09-15 | Richter Gedeon Vegyészeti Gyár Rt. | Nouveau procede de production de la cabergoline |
EA010689B1 (ru) * | 2004-03-04 | 2008-10-30 | Рихтер Гедеон Ведьесети Дьяр Рт. | Новый способ получения каберголина |
FR2877945A1 (fr) * | 2004-11-18 | 2006-05-19 | Archemis Sa | Procede de la preparation de la cabergoline |
WO2006053899A1 (fr) * | 2004-11-18 | 2006-05-26 | Archemis | Procede de preparation de la cabergoline |
US7217822B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2007-05-15 | Synthon Ip Inc. | Process for making cabergoline |
WO2007091039A3 (fr) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-10-18 | Resolution Chemicals Ltd | Production de cabergoline et nouvelle forme polymorphique de ce composé |
US7939665B2 (en) | 2007-05-04 | 2011-05-10 | Apotex Pharmachem Inc. | Efficient process for the preparation of cabergoline and its intermediates |
US8952128B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2015-02-10 | Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. | Somatostatin-dopamine chimeric analogs |
US9603942B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2017-03-28 | Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. | Somatostatin-dopamine chimeric analogs |
US9731027B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2017-08-15 | Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. | Somatostatin-dopamine chimeric analogs |
US9777039B2 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2017-10-03 | Ipsen Pharma S.A.S. | Somatostatin analogs and dimers thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUP0303557A2 (hu) | 2004-03-01 |
CA2412861A1 (fr) | 2002-10-31 |
EP1379526A1 (fr) | 2004-01-14 |
JP2004525187A (ja) | 2004-08-19 |
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