WO2002079344A1 - Fluorierte fluoren-derivate - Google Patents
Fluorierte fluoren-derivate Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002079344A1 WO2002079344A1 PCT/EP2002/002503 EP0202503W WO02079344A1 WO 2002079344 A1 WO2002079344 A1 WO 2002079344A1 EP 0202503 W EP0202503 W EP 0202503W WO 02079344 A1 WO02079344 A1 WO 02079344A1
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- 0 Cc(cc12)ccc1-c1ccc(C)c([*-])c1C2F Chemical compound Cc(cc12)ccc1-c1ccc(C)c([*-])c1C2F 0.000 description 4
- RPMUDXVQHUECRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1COC(C)OC1 Chemical compound CC1COC(C)OC1 RPMUDXVQHUECRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/587—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
- C07C49/753—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
- C07C49/755—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups a keto group being part of a condensed ring system with two or three rings, at least one ring being a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/32—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing condensed ring systems, i.e. fused, bridged or spiro ring systems
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C22/00—Cyclic compounds containing halogen atoms bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C22/02—Cyclic compounds containing halogen atoms bound to an acyclic carbon atom having unsaturation in the rings
- C07C22/04—Cyclic compounds containing halogen atoms bound to an acyclic carbon atom having unsaturation in the rings containing six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C22/08—Cyclic compounds containing halogen atoms bound to an acyclic carbon atom having unsaturation in the rings containing six-membered aromatic rings containing fluorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C23/00—Compounds containing at least one halogen atom bound to a ring other than a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C23/18—Polycyclic halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C25/00—Compounds containing at least one halogen atom bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C25/18—Polycyclic aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C25/22—Polycyclic aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons with condensed rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C25/00—Compounds containing at least one halogen atom bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C25/24—Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with unsaturated side chains
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
Definitions
- the invention relates to fluorinated fluorene derivatives of the formula I which have a negative anisotropy of the dielectric constant (DK anisotropy),
- L 1 , L 2 independently of one another are H, F, Cl, -CH 2 F, -CHF 2 or -CF 3, with the proviso that both L 1 and L 2 do not denote H,
- L 3 , L 4 independently of one another H or F
- R 1 , R 2 independently of one another are H, halogen, -CN, -NCS, -SF 5 or alkyl having 1 to 18 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent -CH 2 groups are also represented by -O-, -S- , -CO-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -E- and / or -C ⁇ C- can be replaced and / or wherein one or more H atoms are also replaced by halogen and / or -CN can be means
- R 4 , R 5 each independently of one another H, alkyl with 1-6
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 each independently 1, 4-phenylene, in which one or more CH groups can be replaced by N, 1, 4-cyclohexylene, in which one or two are not adjacent CH 2 groups can be replaced by O and / or S, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-bicyclo (2,2,2) octylene, piperidin-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, Decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl or 1, 2, 3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, where one or more H atoms may be substituted in the meanings given for A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 through halogen,
- -CN and / or alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in which one or more H atoms are halogen or -CN, and / or in which one or more non-adjacent -CH 2 groups independently of one another by -CO-, -O -CO-, -CO-O-, -0-, -S-, -CH CH- or -C ⁇ C- can be replaced, and
- Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 independently of one another -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -CH 2 -0-,
- k1, k2, k3, k4 independently of one another represent 0, 1 or 2.
- the invention further relates to liquid-crystalline media and to liquid-crystal and electro-optical display elements which contain the liquid-crystalline media according to the invention.
- the object of the present invention is to provide new stable, liquid-crystalline or mesogenic compounds with strongly to very strongly negative DK anisotropy, which are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media.
- the first-mentioned object is achieved with fluorene derivatives of the formula I.
- the compounds according to the invention are particularly suitable as components of liquid-crystalline media. With their help, stable liquid-crystalline media can be obtained that are particularly suitable for electro-optical LC displays.
- the fluorene derivatives according to the invention have strongly to very strongly negative ⁇ values. As a rule, these values are significantly lower than the ⁇ values of comparable compounds which only carry H atoms in the 1- and 8-positions of the fluorene group.
- the fluorene derivatives according to the invention have relatively low values of the optical anisotropy ⁇ n and favorable mesophase ranges for use in electro-optical display elements.
- these compounds are also chemically, thermally and stable to light and are readily miscible with other liquid-crystalline substances.
- the invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium with two or more liquid-crystalline components, wherein the medium has at least one fluorene derivative according to the invention.
- fluorene derivatives allows the dielectric anisotropy of such media to be influenced in a targeted manner in the direction of negative ⁇ values, it being possible advantageously to achieve low viscosities.
- one or more compounds according to the invention to liquid-crystalline media in order to specifically influence the optical anisotropy and / or the mesophase regions and / or the tilt angle of such media.
- the compounds according to the invention can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media, in particular for displays based on the principle of the twisted cell, the guest-host effect, the DAP (deformation of aligned phases), ECB (electrically controlled birefringence), CSH ( color super homeotropic), VA (vertically aligned), or IPS effect (in plane switching) or the effect of dynamic scattering.
- the compounds according to the invention can be used as components of optically active inclined smectic (ferroelectric) liquid-crystalline media, in particular for displays based on the SSFLCD effect (Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display) from Clark and Lagerwall, but also on the DHF effect (Distorted Helix Formation) or the PSFLCD effect (Pitch Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display), which is also called SBF effect (Short Pitch Bistable Ferroelectric).
- SSFLCD effect Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display
- DHF Disistorted Helix Formation
- PSFLCD effect Pitch Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display
- optical display element which contains a liquid-crystalline medium according to the invention
- electro-optical display element which contains a liquid-crystalline medium according to the invention as a dielectric.
- the display elements mentioned above are preferred.
- the groups, substituents and indices have W, R 1 , R 2 , E, R 4 , R 5 , L 1 , L 2 , L 3 , L 4 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 , k1, k2, k3 and k4 have the meaning given for formula I, unless expressly something else is noted. If a remainder occurs more than once, it can have the same or different meanings.
- the meaning of the formula I includes all isotopes of the chemical elements bound in the compounds of the formula I.
- the compounds of the formula are suitable in enantiomerically pure or enriched form
- I also as chiral dopants and generally to achieve chiral mesophases.
- group W represent the sub-formulas W1 to W3:
- sub-formula W1 are the sub-formulas W11 to W18:
- I 0, 1 or 2 so that the group means -CH
- sub-formula W2 are the sub-formulas W21 to W28:
- the sub-formula W2 and the corresponding sub-formulas W21 to W28 include in the event that the C atom of group V
- HF is a chiral center, both the racemates and the enantiomerically pure or enriched forms.
- Particularly preferred meanings of the sub-formulas W3 represent the sub-formulas W31 to W38:
- W18 and W3, in particular W31 to W38, are particularly preferred.
- k1, k2, k3 and k4 have the value 0 and the compounds according to the invention therefore have the formula Ia
- At least one of the groups R 1 or R 2 preferably R 1 and R 2 , independently of one another, has the meaning alkyl having 1 to 18 C atoms, in which also one or two non-adjacent —CH 2 - groups and / or one or more H atoms can be replaced as indicated.
- At least one of the indices k1, k2, k3 and / or k4 has a non-zero value.
- A, A, A and / or A 4 are, independently of one another, 1,4-phenylene, which can be substituted once, twice or three times by fluorine, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene and 1,3-dioxane -2,5- diyl, for the sake of simplicity the abbreviations Phe, Cyc or Dio are used below.
- 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl encompasses the two positional isomers and
- the compounds contain a six-membered ring in addition to group W, the following compounds of sub-formulas Ib1 to Ib3 are preferred:
- the compounds contain two six-membered rings in addition to the group W, the following compounds of the sub-formulas Ic1 to Ic9 and Id1 to Id9 are preferred:
- the compounds according to the second embodiment can also have three or more six-membered rings. If L 3 and L 4 H mean, those fluorene derivatives of the formula I are preferred in which R 1 - (- A 1 -Z 1 -) k (-A 2 -Z 2 -) k2 - and - (- Z 3 -A 3 -) k3 - (- Z 4 -A 4 -) k4 -R 2 are selected such that the fluorene derivative has a dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of less than or equal to -2.0, particularly preferably of less than or equal to -4, 0, very particularly preferably less than or equal to -5.0.
- the fluorene derivative has a dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of less than or equal to -8.0, in particular less than or equal to -10.0, particularly preferably less than or equal to -12.0, very particularly preferably less than or equal to -15.0.
- the alkyl radical in the groups or substituents given above or below, in particular in R 1 and / or R 2 , can be linear or branched. It preferably has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms. It is preferably linear and therefore particularly means methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl or octyl.
- R 1 and / or R 2 preferably denotes alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkyloxycarbonyl.
- R 1 and R 2 as alkyl can also have more than 8 carbon atoms and therefore particularly mean nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl.
- Further preferred meanings of R 1 and / or R 2 are alkoxy.
- the alkoxy radical can be linear or branched.
- It is preferably linear and has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and therefore means especially methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy or octoxy, furthermore nonoxy, decoxy, Undecoxy, dodecoxy, tridecoxy or tetradecoxy.
- R 1 and / or R 2 are preferably oxaalkyl.
- R 1 and / or R 2 represent an alkenyl radical, this can be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain and has 2 to 8 carbon atoms. Accordingly, it means especially vinyl, prop-1- or prop-2-enyl, but-1-, 2- or but-3-enyl, pent-1-, 2-, 3- or pent-4-enyl, hex- 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or hex-5-enyl, hept-1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or hept-6-enyl or oct- 1-, 2-, 3 -, 4-, 5-, 6- or oct-7-enyl.
- R 1 and / or R 2 represent an alkenyloxy radical
- this can be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain and accordingly means in particular vinyloxy, prop-1 or prop-2-enyloxy, but-1-, 2- or but-3-enyloxy, pent-1-, 2-, 3- or pent-4- enyloxy, hex-1-, 2-, 3-, 4- or hex-5-enyloxy, hept-1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or hept-6-enyloxy or oct-1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or oct-7-enyloxy.
- R 1 and / or R 2 represent an alkyl radical in which one CH 2 group has been replaced by -O- and one has been replaced by -CO-, these are preferably adjacent. Thus they contain a carbonyloxy group
- These are preferably straight-chain and have 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Accordingly, they mean in particular acetyloxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy, acetyloxymethyl, propionyloxymethyl, butyryloxymethyl, pentanoyloxymethyl, 2-acetyloxyethyl, 2-propionyloxyethyl, 2-butyryloxyethyl, 3-acetyloxypyloxy, 3-acetyloxionyloxy, 3 Ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, pentoxycarbonyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, ethoxycarbonylmethyl, propoxycarbonylmethyl, butoxycarbonylmethyl, 2- (methoxycarbonyl) ethyl, 2- (ethoxycarbonyl
- Branched groups of this type usually contain no more than one chain branch.
- Ethylhexoxy 1-methylhexoxy, 1-methylheptyloxy, 2-octyloxy, 2-oxa-3-methylbutyl, 3-oxa-4-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, 2-nonyl, 2-decyl, 2-dodecyl, 6-methoxyoctoxy, 6-methyloctoxy, 6-methyloctanoyloxy, 5-methylheptyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylbutyryloxy, 3-methylvaleroyloxy, 4-methylhexanoyloxy, 2-methyl-3-oxapentyl, 2-methyl-3-oxahexyl, 1- Methoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1-ethoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1-propoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1-butoxypropyl-2-oxy, 2-fluorooctyloxy, 2-fluorodecyloxy.
- Formula I includes both the racemates of these compounds and the optical antipodes and mixtures thereof.
- R 1 and R 2 in particular as alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, oxaalkyl, oxaalkenyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkyloxycarbonyl, one or more H atoms are preferably by halogen atoms, preferably by fluorine and / or chlorine , particularly preferably substituted by fluorine. 2 or more H atoms are preferably substituted by fluorine. In the radicals specified above, 2 or 3 H atoms in the terminal methyl group are particularly preferably substituted by fluorine, so that the radicals specified above have a -CHF 2 or a -CF 3 group. The entire radical R 1 and / or R 2 can also be perfluorinated.
- the compounds according to the invention are prepared by methods known per se from the literature, as are described in standard works on organic synthesis, for example Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart. The preparation takes place under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for the reactions mentioned. It is also possible to use synthesis variants which are known per se and are not mentioned here in detail. If necessary, the starting and / or intermediate products can also be formed in situ, ie they are not isolated from the reaction mixture but are immediately reacted further.
- the synthesis of three compounds of the formulas Ia-W1, Ia-W2 and Ia-W3 according to the invention starting from the fluorenone compound of the formula Ila is given by way of example using reaction scheme 1.
- the compound la-W1 is formed using a suitable reducing agent, such as NaBH 4 in the presence of AICl 3 and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the solvent.
- the mixture is first reduced and then fluorinated, for example using NaBH 4 and then diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST).
- DAST diethylaminosulfur trifluoride
- Another possibility for synthesis runs in two stages over a phenyl sulfide.
- the carbonyl compound here the fluorenone
- phenylthiol with catalysis by boron trifluoride monohydrate and then reduced with triethylsilane.
- the phenyl sulfide obtained is fluorinated with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate-pyridine-HF complex (Ch. York et al., Tetrahedron 52, 1996, 9-14).
- the fluorenone compound of the formula Ila is first converted into the corresponding dithioketal, for example by reaction with ethane-1,2-dithiol in the presence of boron trifluoride. The dithioketal is then in
- oxidizing agent oxidatively fluorodesulfurized.
- a compound which releases halonium equivalents is preferably used as the oxidizing agent.
- oxidizing agents are N-bromosuccinimide, N-iodosuccinimide, 1, 3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin and bromine.
- the nitrosonium and nitronium salts can optionally also be prepared in situ from suitable precursors, for example from inorganic or organic nitrites and / or nitrates.
- Conventional fluorinating agents can be used as fluorinating agents.
- the fluorinating agent is particularly preferably selected from the group formed by aliphatic and aromatic amine-hydrogen fluoride complexes, such as, for example, pyridine-hydrogen fluoride complexes, NEt 3 * 3HF, melamine HF, polyvinylpyridine HF.
- the reaction conditions to be observed in the reactions mentioned are known per se to the person skilled in the art. As a rule, the reaction takes place at a temperature of -100 to + 50 ° C.
- Inert polar solvents or mixtures thereof are used as solvents, for example ethers or haloalkanes, such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane.
- reaction scheme 2 A suitable synthetic route for the preparation of the fluorenones of the formula IIa is given in reaction scheme 2. Accordingly, the synthesis takes place starting from the aromatic bromine of the formula Va via the corresponding boron compound IVa and cross-coupling it with the aromatic bromate of the formula Va 'to give the biphenyl compound of the formula purple, which is reacted with dimethyl carbonate to form the fluorenone (RD Chamber et al., JCS (C) 1968 , 2394).
- R 1 , R 2 , L 1 and L 2 have the meanings given.
- the syntheses described are suitable not only for compounds of the formula Ia, which have been chosen here for the sake of clarity, but for all compounds of the formula I according to the invention.
- Esters of the formula I can also be esterified by appropriate carboxylic acids (or their reactive derivatives) with alcohols or
- Suitable reactive derivatives of the carboxylic acids mentioned are, in particular, the acid halides, especially the chlorides and bromides, furthermore the anhydrides, azides or esters, in particular alkyl esters with 1-4 C atoms in the alkyl group.
- Suitable reactive derivatives of the alcohols mentioned are in particular the corresponding metal alcoholates, preferably an alkali metal such as Na or K.
- the esterification is advantageously carried out in the presence of an inert solvent.
- an inert solvent particularly suitable are ethers such as diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, THF, dioxane or anisole, ketones such as acetone, butanone or cyclohexanone, amides such as DMF or phosphoric acid hexamethyltriamide, hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene or xylene, halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride or tetrachlorethylene and Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide or sulfolane.
- Water-immiscible solvents can also be used advantageously for azeotropically distilling off the water formed during the esterification. Occasionally an excess of an organic base, e.g.
- Pyridine, quinoline or triethylamine are used as solvents for the esterification.
- the esterification can also be carried out in the absence of a solvent, for example simply by heating the components in the presence of sodium acetate.
- the reaction temperature is usually between -50 ° C and + 250 ° C, preferably between -20 ° C and + 80 ° C. At these temperatures, the esterification reactions are usually complete after 15 minutes to 48 hours.
- reaction conditions for the esterification largely depend on the nature of the starting materials used.
- a free carboxylic acid is generally reacted with a free alcohol in the presence of a strong acid, for example a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.
- a preferred reaction is the reaction of an acid anhydride or, in particular, an acid chloride with an alcohol, preferably in a basic medium, the bases being, in particular, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, alkali metal carbonates or hydrogen carbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate or potassium hydrogen carbonate, alkali metal acetates such as sodium or potassium acetate, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calcium hydroxide or organic bases such as triethylamine, pyridine, lutidine, collidine or quinoline are important.
- Another preferred embodiment of the esterification is that the alcohol is first converted into the sodium or potassium alcoholate, e.g. by treatment with ethanoic sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, isolate this and react with an acid anhydride or in particular acid chloride.
- an aryl halide is reacted with an olefin in the presence of a tertiary amine and a palladium catalyst (cf. RF Heck, Acc. Chem. Res. 12 (1979) 146).
- Suitable aryl halides are, for example, chlorides, bromides and iodides, in particular bromides and iodides.
- the tertiary amines required for the coupling reaction to succeed, such as triethylamine, are also suitable as solvents.
- Suitable palladium catalysts are, for example, its salts, in particular (Pd (II) acetate, with organic phosphorus (III) compounds, such as, for example, triarylphosphanes, in the presence or absence of an inert solvent at temperatures between about 0 ° C. and 150 ° C. , preferably between 20 ° C. and 100 ° C.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, nitriles such as acetonitrile or hydrocarbons such as benzene or toluene
- Suitable solvents are, for example, nitriles such as acetonitrile or hydrocarbons such as benzene or toluene
- aryl halides and olefins used as starting materials are numerous commercially available or can be prepared by processes known from the literature, for example by halogenation of corresponding parent compounds or by elimination reactions on corresponding alcohols or halides.
- stilbene derivatives can be produced, for example.
- Stilbenes can also be produced by reacting a 4-substituted benzaldehyde with a corresponding phosphorylide according to Wittig.
- tolanes of the formula I can also be prepared by using monosubstituted acetylene instead of the olefin (Synthesis 627 (1980) or Tetrahedron Lett. 27, 1171 (1986)).
- Aryl halides can also be reacted with aryltin compounds to couple aromatics. These reactions are preferred with the addition of a catalyst such as e.g. a palladium (0) complex in inert solvents such as hydrocarbons at high temperatures, e.g. in boiling xylene, carried out under protective gas.
- a catalyst such as e.g. a palladium (0) complex in inert solvents such as hydrocarbons at high temperatures, e.g. in boiling xylene, carried out under protective gas.
- Tolanes of the formula I, in which ⁇ is Z 2 , Z 3 or Z 4 —C ,C-, can also be prepared via the Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement (Ann. 279, 319, 1984), in which 1.1 -Diaryl-2-halogenethylenes are rearranged to diarylacetylenes in the presence of strong bases.
- Tolanes of the formula I can also be prepared by brominating the corresponding stilbenes and then subjecting them to dehydrohalogenation. You can use known variants of this implementation, which are not mentioned here.
- Ethers of the formula I can be obtained by etherification of corresponding hydroxyl compounds, preferably corresponding phenols, the hydroxyl compound advantageously first being converted into a corresponding metal derivative, for example by treatment with NaH, NaNH 2 , NaOH, KOH, Na 2 CO 3 or K 2 CO 3 is converted into the corresponding alkali metal alcoholate or alkali metal phenolate. This can then be reacted with the corresponding alkyl halide, sulfonate or dialkyl sulfate, advantageously in an inert solvent such as acetone, 1, 2-dimethoxyethane, DMF or dimethyl sulfoxide or with an excess of aqueous or aqueous-alcoholic NaOH or KOH
- Diazonium salts with sodium nitrite and either with tetrafluoroboric acid (for introducing an F atom) or with copper (I) chloride (for introducing a Cl atom) can be used to produce the laterally substituted fluorine or chlorine compounds of the formula I Diazonium salts are implemented, which are then thermally decomposed at temperatures of 100-140 ° C.
- connection of an aromatic nucleus to a non-aromatic nucleus or two non-aromatic nuclei is preferably obtained by condensation of an organolithium or magnesium compound with a ketone if there is to be an aliphatic group Z 1 between the nuclei.
- the organometallic compounds are prepared, for example, by metal-halogen exchange (for example according to Org. React. 6, 339-366 (1951)) between the corresponding halogen compound and an organolithium compound, preferably tert-butyllithium or lithium naphthalenide, or by conversion with magnesium shavings.
- metal-halogen exchange for example according to Org. React. 6, 339-366 (1951)
- organolithium compound preferably tert-butyllithium or lithium naphthalenide
- Two aromatic rings are preferably linked by Friedel-Crafts alkylation or acylation by reacting the corresponding aromatic compounds with Lewis acid catalysis.
- Suitable Lewis acids are, for example, SnCI 4l ZnCI 2 , AICl 3 and TiCI 4 .
- the representation of the tolanes of the formula I is e.g. by reacting the corresponding aryl halides with an acetylide in a basic solvent with transition metal catalysis;
- Palladium catalysts can preferably be used here, in particular a mixture of bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride and copper iodide in piperidine as solvent.
- the compounds of the formula I can be prepared by reducing a compound which otherwise corresponds to the formula I but contains one or more reducible groups and / or C — C bonds instead of H atoms.
- Possible reducible groups are preferably carbonyl groups, in particular keto groups, furthermore, for example, free or esterified hydroxyl groups or aromatically bonded halogen atoms.
- the reduction can be carried out, for example, by catalytic hydrogenation at temperatures between about 0 ° C. and about 200 ° C. and pressures between about 1 and 200 bar in an inert solvent, for example an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane, an ester such as ethyl acetate, a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid or a hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane.
- an inert solvent for example an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane, an ester such as ethyl acetate, a carboxylic acid such as acetic acid or a hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane.
- an inert solvent for example an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropanol, an
- Suitable catalysts are suitably noble metals such as Pt or Pd, which can be used in the form of oxides (eg Pt0 2 , PdO), on a support (eg Pd on carbon, calcium carbonate or strontium carbonate) or in finely divided form.
- Pt or Pd which can be used in the form of oxides (eg Pt0 2 , PdO), on a support (eg Pd on carbon, calcium carbonate or strontium carbonate) or in finely divided form.
- Ketones can also be prepared using the methods of Clemmensen (with zinc, amalgamated zinc or tin and hydrochloric acid, expediently in an aqueous alcoholic solution or in a heterogeneous phase with water / toluene at temperatures between about 80 and 120 ° C) or Wolff-Kishner (with hydrazine , expediently in the presence of alkali such as KOH or NaOH in a high-boiling solvent such as diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol at temperatures between about 100 and 200 ° C.) to give the corresponding compounds of the formula I, the alkyl groups and / or —CH 2 CH 2 -Bridges included, reduced.
- Clemmensen with zinc, amalgamated zinc or tin and hydrochloric acid, expediently in an aqueous alcoholic solution or in a heterogeneous phase with water / toluene at temperatures between about 80 and 120 ° C
- Wolff-Kishner with hydrazine
- arylsulfonyloxy groups can be reductively removed with LiAIH 4 , in particular p-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl groups can be reduced to methyl groups, advantageously in an inert solvent such as diethyl ether or THF at temperatures between about 0 and 100 ° C.
- Double bonds can be hydrogenated with NaBH 4 or tributyltin hydride in methanol.
- the starting materials are either known or can be prepared analogously to known compounds.
- the liquid-crystalline media according to the invention preferably contain 2 to 40, in particular 4 to 30, components as further constituents. These media very particularly preferably contain 7 to 25 components in addition to one or more compounds according to the invention.
- These further constituents are preferably selected from nematic or nematogenic (monotropic or isotropic) substances, in particular substances from the classes of azoxybenzenes, benzylidene anilines, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenyl- or cyclohexylbenzoates, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid-phenyl- or cyclohexyl esters, phenyl- or cyclohexyl esters Cyclohexylbenzoic acid, phenyl or cyclohexyl ester of cyclohexylcyclohexane carboxylic acid, cyclohexyl phenyl ester of benzoic acid, cyclo
- L and E which may be the same or different, each independently represent a bivalent radical from the group consisting of -Phe-, -Cyc-, -Phe-Phe-, -Phe- Cyc-, -Cyc-Cyc-, -Pyr-, -Dio-, -G-Phe- and -G-Cyc- as well as their mirror images formed group, whereby Phe unsubstituted or substituted by fluorine, 1,4-phenylene, Cyc trans- 1, 4-cyclohexylene or 1, 4-cyclohexylene, pyr pyrimidine-2-5-diyl or pyridine-2,5-diyl, dio 1, 3-dioxane-2,5-diyl and G 2- (trans-1, 4-Cyclohexyl) ethyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl or 1,
- One of the radicals L and E is preferably Cyc, Phe or Pyr. E is preferably Cyc, Phe or Phe-Cyc.
- the media according to the invention preferably contain one or more components selected from the compounds of the formulas 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in which L and E are selected from the group Cyc, Phe and Pyr and at the same time one or more components selected from the compounds of Formulas 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, wherein one of the radicals L and E is selected from the group Cyc, Phe and Pyr and the other radical is selected from the group -Phe- Phe-, -Phe-Cyc-, -Cyc-Cyc-, -G- Phe- and -G-Cyc-, and optionally one or more components selected from the compounds of the formulas 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, in which the radicals L and E are selected from the group -Phe-Cyc-, -Cyc -Cyc-, -G-Phe- and -G-C
- R 'and / or R each independently represent alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxy or alkanoyloxy with up to 8 C atoms, -F, -Cl, -CN, -NCS, - (0) iCH 3. ( k + i) F k CI
- R 'and R each independently represent alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyloxy or alkanoyloxy having up to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 'and R are different from one another, one of these radicals usually being alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl.
- R ' has the meaning given for the compounds of partial formulas 1a-5a and is preferably alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkyl.
- R "means -CN this subgroup is hereinafter referred to as group C and the compounds of this subgroup described accordingly with sub-formulas 1c, 2c, 3c, 4c and 5c.
- R ' has the meaning given for the compounds of sub-formulas 1a-5a and is preferably alkyl, alkoxy or alkenyl.
- the media according to the invention preferably contain one or more compounds which are selected from group A and / or group B and / or group C.
- the mass fractions of the compounds from these groups in the media according to the invention are preferably:
- Group A 0 to 90%, preferably 20 to 90%, in particular 30 to 90%
- Group B 0 to 80%, preferably 10 to 80%, in particular 10 to 65%
- Group C 0 to 80%, preferably 5 to 80%, in particular 5 to 50%
- the sum of the mass fractions of the compounds from groups A and / or B and / or C contained in the respective media according to the invention is preferably 5% -90% and in particular 10% to 90%.
- the media according to the invention preferably contain 1 to 40%, particularly preferably 5 to 30% of the compounds according to the invention. Also preferred are media containing more than 40%, in particular 45 to 90%, of compounds according to the invention.
- the media preferably contain three, four or five compounds according to the invention.
- the liquid crystal mixtures which can be used according to the invention are prepared in a manner which is conventional per se. As a rule, the desired amount of the components used in a smaller amount is dissolved in the components which make up the main constituent, expediently at elevated temperature. It is also possible to mix solutions of the components in an organic solvent, for example in acetone, chloroform or methanol, and to remove the solvent after thorough mixing, for example by distillation. It is also possible to use the mixtures in other conventional ways, e.g. B. by using premixes, e.g. B. Homolog mixtures or using so-called "multi-bottle" systems.
- the dielectrics can also contain further additives known to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature. For example, 0-15%, preferably 0-10%, pleochroic dyes and / or chiral dopants can be added.
- the individual added compounds are used in concentrations of 0.01 to 6%, preferably 0.1 to 3%.
- concentration data for the other constituents of the liquid-crystal mixtures, ie the liquid-crystalline or mesogenic compounds are given without taking into account the concentration of these additives.
- Conventional work-up means: water is optionally added, extracted with methylene chloride, diethyl ether or toluene, the mixture is separated off, the organic phase is dried, evaporated and the product is purified by distillation under reduced pressure or crystallization and / or chromatography.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020037012776A KR100830788B1 (ko) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-07 | 불소화 플루오렌 유도체 |
EP02708347A EP1373434A1 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-07 | Fluorierte fluoren-derivate |
JP2002578351A JP2004531508A (ja) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-07 | フッ素化フルオレン誘導体 |
US10/473,332 US7087272B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-07 | Fluorinated fluorene derivatives |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10115955.2 | 2001-03-30 | ||
DE10115955.2A DE10115955B4 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2001-03-30 | Fluorierte Fluoren-Derivate |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002079344A1 true WO2002079344A1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
Family
ID=7679794
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2002/002503 WO2002079344A1 (de) | 2001-03-30 | 2002-03-07 | Fluorierte fluoren-derivate |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7087272B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1373434A1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP2004531508A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100830788B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10115955B4 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI305769B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002079344A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1350780A1 (de) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-10-08 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Fluorierte Indene und 1,7-Dihydroindacene mit negativer dielektrischer Anisotropie |
JP2005325110A (ja) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-24 | Az Electronic Materials (Germany) Gmbh | フッ素化縮合芳香族化合物およびそれらの液晶混合物における使用 |
US7255900B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2007-08-14 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fluorinated heterocycles and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures |
US7297379B2 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2007-11-20 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Polyfluorinated fused aromatics and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures |
US7399505B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2008-07-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fluorinated phenanthrenes and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures |
KR101045409B1 (ko) | 2003-10-06 | 2011-07-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 할로겐 원자가 치환된 도데카하이드로플루오렌 유도체액정 화합물 |
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US7018685B2 (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2006-03-28 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fluorinated aromatic compounds and the use of the same in liquid crystal mixtures |
DE10115955B4 (de) * | 2001-03-30 | 2017-10-19 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fluorierte Fluoren-Derivate |
EP1997821A4 (de) * | 2006-02-22 | 2010-09-29 | Univ Osaka | Fluorhaltige verbindung und verfahren zu deren herstellung, fluorhaltiges polymer, organischer dünner film und gerät mit organischem dünnen film |
CN101868439B (zh) * | 2007-09-06 | 2014-02-05 | Jnc株式会社 | 具有侧向氟的4、5环液晶性化合物、液晶组成物以及液晶显示元件 |
JP2010083947A (ja) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Fujifilm Corp | 液晶組成物及び位相差膜 |
CN102167656A (zh) * | 2011-03-17 | 2011-08-31 | 上海大学 | 9-(1-氟-9h-芴-9-基)蒽及其制备方法 |
EP2937342B1 (de) * | 2014-04-22 | 2016-11-30 | Merck Patent GmbH | 4,6-difluor-dibenzothiophen-derivate |
JP6485060B2 (ja) * | 2014-08-25 | 2019-03-20 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶組成物および液晶表示素子 |
WO2017010281A1 (ja) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-19 | Jnc株式会社 | 液晶組成物および液晶表示素子 |
TWI633327B (zh) * | 2017-01-25 | 2018-08-21 | 國立高雄科技大學 | 含芴的化合物、製備含芴的化合物的方法、可固化組成物及固化物 |
US10245583B1 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2019-04-02 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Lp | Use of charge-containing molecules linked with covalent bonds to enhance acetylene hydrogenation catalysts |
US10232360B1 (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-19 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Lp | Use of organic dopants to enhance acetylene hydrogenation catalysts |
JP6575735B1 (ja) * | 2017-12-15 | 2019-09-18 | Dic株式会社 | 液晶組成物及び液晶表示素子 |
CN113736475B (zh) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-05-12 | 北京八亿时空液晶科技股份有限公司 | 一种新型液晶化合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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- 2002-03-07 WO PCT/EP2002/002503 patent/WO2002079344A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1350780A1 (de) * | 2002-04-04 | 2003-10-08 | MERCK PATENT GmbH | Fluorierte Indene und 1,7-Dihydroindacene mit negativer dielektrischer Anisotropie |
KR101045409B1 (ko) | 2003-10-06 | 2011-07-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 할로겐 원자가 치환된 도데카하이드로플루오렌 유도체액정 화합물 |
JP2005325110A (ja) * | 2004-04-26 | 2005-11-24 | Az Electronic Materials (Germany) Gmbh | フッ素化縮合芳香族化合物およびそれらの液晶混合物における使用 |
US7297378B2 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2007-11-20 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fluorinated fused aromatics and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures |
US7255900B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2007-08-14 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fluorinated heterocycles and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures |
US7399505B2 (en) | 2004-05-07 | 2008-07-15 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Fluorinated phenanthrenes and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures |
US7297379B2 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2007-11-20 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Polyfluorinated fused aromatics and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20040002887A (ko) | 2004-01-07 |
US20040106798A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
JP2004531508A (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
TWI305769B (en) | 2009-02-01 |
JP2010059165A (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
DE10115955B4 (de) | 2017-10-19 |
DE10115955A1 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
KR100830788B1 (ko) | 2008-05-20 |
EP1373434A1 (de) | 2004-01-02 |
US7087272B2 (en) | 2006-08-08 |
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