Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
  • A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D231/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings
  • C07D231/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings
  • C07D231/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D231/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-diazole or hydrogenated 1,2-diazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D249/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D249/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
  • C07D249/08—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to the field of tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibition using novel small molecules.
• Tyrosine Kinases are a class of enzymes, which catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphate of adenosine triphosphate to the phenolic hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue present in the target protein.
• Tyrosine kinases play a critical role in signal transduction for several cellular functions including cell proliferation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and cell differentiation (Plowman, G. D.; Ullrich, A.; Shawver, L. K.: Receptor Tyrosine Kinases As Targets For Drug Intervention. DN&P (1994) 7: 334-339). Therefore inhibitors of these enzymes would be useful for the treatment or prevention of proliferative diseases which are dependent on these enzymes.
• Tyrosine kinases that have been implicated in these processes include Abl, CDK's, EGF, EMT, FGF, FAK, Flk-1/KDR, HER-2, IGF-1R, IR, LCK, MET, PDGF, Src, and NEGF (Traxler, P.M. Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents (1997) 7: 571-588; incorporated herein by reference). Hence, there is an ongoing need to investigate novel compounds that can be used to regulate or inhibit tyrosine kinase enzymes.
• the present invention relates to compounds which inhibit tyrosine kinase enzymes, compositions which contain tyrosine kinase inhibiting compounds and methods of using inhibitors of tyrosine kinase enzymes to treat diseases which are characterized by an overexpression or upregulation of tyrosine kinase activity such as cancer, diabetes, restenosis, arteriosclerosis, psoriasis, angiogenic diseases and immunologic disorders (Powis, G.; Workman, P. Signaling targets For The Development of Cancer Drugs. Anti-Cancer Drug Design (1994), 9: 263-277;
• tyrosine kinase inhibitors can enhance the activity of cytotoxic or cytostatic treatments when used in combination with standard therapies known in the art.
• the present invention is directed to compounds having formula I
• X is selected from the group consisting of N, C, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl substituted with one or more R , and a direct bond;
• Y is selected from the group consisting of O and S ;
• W is selected from the group consisting of N, C, O, and S, provided that when W is O or S, R 9 is absent;
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C ⁇ _ 6 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, halo, amino, OR 60 , NO 2 , OH, SR 60 , NR 60 R 61 , CN, CO 2 R 60 , CONR 60 R 61 , CO 2 NR 60 R 61 , NR 62 CONR 60 R 61 , NR 60 SO 2 R 61 , SO 2 NR 60 R 61 , C(NR 62 )NR 60 R 61 , aryl, heteroaryl, (CH 2 ) n OR 60 , (CH 2 ) n NR 60 R 61 , (CH 2
• Z is selected from the group consisting of Ci - C 4 alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl chain; Z having one or more hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, halo, NR 60 SO 2 R 61 groups; Z optionally incorporating one or more groups selected from the group consisting of CO, CNOH, CNOR 60 , CNNR 60 , CNNCOR 60 and CNNSO 2 R 60 ; and
• R 25 is hydrogen, alkenyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, halo, sulfoxy, sulfonyl, - NR 30 COOR 31 , -NR 30 C(O)R 31 , -C(O)NR 30 R 31 , heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl; and
• R 30 and R 31 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkyl-R 25 .
• R 1 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are H;
• R 2 and R 4 are H or F
• Y is O; X is selected from the group consisting of N and CH;
• W is N
• R 5 is selected from the group consisting of H, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, secondary butyl, cyclopropyl, F, and CF 3 ;
• R 6 is selected from the group consisting of H, 2-aminomethylpyridine, NHCH(CH 2 OH)CH 2 Ph, NHCH 2 CH(OH)aryl, and NHCH(CH 2 OH)CH 2 aryl; and R 3 is selected from the group consisting of OR 60 , C(NH)NHR 60 , C(O)NHR 60 imidazole, imidazoline, tetrahydropyrimidine, piperazine, morpholine, homomorpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, homopiperazine and amino; wherein
• R 60 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, and alkyl-R wherein R is hydrogen, alkenyl, hydroxy, thiol, thioalkoxy, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, halo, cyano, sulfoxy, sulfonyl, -NR COOR , - NR 30 C(O)R 31 , -NR 30 SO 2 R 31 , -C(O)NR 30 R 31 , or a heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl; and
• R 3 o and R 31 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkyl-R .
• the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I, as defined above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I, as defined above, in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one other anti-cancer agent optionally formulated as a fixed dose. Additionally provided is a method of treating a condition associated with at least one tyrosine kinase enzyme comprising administering to a mammalian species in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula I, as defined above. Furthermore, the invention provides a method of treating a condition associated with at least one tyrosine kinase enzyme comprising administering to a mammalian species at least one other anti-cancer agent in combination with a compound of formula I, as defined above.
• the present invention provides for compounds of formula I, as defined above, pharmaceutical compositions employing such compounds and methods of using such compounds.
• alkyl herein alone or as part of another group refers to a monovalent alkane (hydrocarbon) derived radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms unless otherwise defined.
• An alkyl group is an optionally substituted straight, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group. When substituted, alkyl groups may be substituted with up to four substituent groups, R as defined, at any available point of attachment. When the alkyl group is said to be substituted with an alkyl group, this is used interchangeably with "branched alkyl group”.
• Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and the like.
• substituents may include but are not limited to one or more of the following groups: hydroxy, halo (such as F, CI, Br, I), haloalkyl (such as CCI3 or CF3), alkoxy, alkylthio, cyano, carboxy (-COOH), alkylcarbonyl (-C(O)R), alkoxycarbonyl (-OCOR), amino, carbamoyl (-NHCOOR or -OCONHR), urea (-NHCONHR), thiol, (-SH), sulfoxy, sulfonyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and heterocycloalkyl.
• Alkyl groups as defined may also comprise one or more carbon to carbon double bonds or one or more carbon to carbon triple bonds.
• Alkyl groups may also be represented by the formula alkyl-R 25 .
• the alkyl group is a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl group and include substituted methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl groups.
• alkenyl herein alone or as part of another group refers to a hydrocarbon radical straight, branched or cyclic containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon double bond. An alkenyl group may be optionally substituted in the same manner as described for an alkyl group.
• alkynyl herein alone or as part of another group refers to a hydrocarbon radical straight, branched or cyclic containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon triple bond.
• An alkynyl group may be optionally substituted in the same manner as described for an alkyl group.
• alkoxy refers to a straight or branched chain alkyl group covalently bonded to the parent molecule through an oxygen atom linkage containing from one to ten carbon atoms and the terms "C].
• 6 alkoxy and “lower alkoxy” refer to such groups containing from one to six carbon atoms, examples include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, t-butoxy and the like.
• alkoxy substituent when used in connection with an alkoxy substituent refers to the replacement of up to two hydrogens, preferably on different carbon atoms with a radical selected form the group of lower alkyl, phenyl, cyano, halo, trifluoromethyl, nitro, hydroxy, alkanoyl, amino, monoalkyl amino and dialkylamino.
• Alkoxy groups may be substituted in the same manner that alkyl groups can be substituted as described above.
• sulfoxy herein alone or as part of a group refers to -SO and may be substituted with, for example, alkyl or aryl groups.
• sulfonyl herein alone or as part of a group refers to -SO 2 and may be substituted with alkyl or aryl groups.
• amino herein alone or as part of another group refers to -NH .
• An “amino” may optionally be substituted with one or two substituents, which may be the same or different, such as alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, cycloheteroalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or thioalkyl.
• substituents include alkylamino and dialkylamino, such as methylamino, ethylamino, dimethylamino, and diethylamino. These substituents may be further substituted with a carboxylic acid or any of the alkyl or aryl substituents set out herein.
• amino substituents may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form 1- pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, 1-azepinyl, 4-morpholinyl, 4-thiamorpholinyl, 4- sulfoxymorpholine, 4-sulfonylmorpholine, 1-piperazinyl, 4-alkyl-l-piperazinyl, 4- arylalkyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-diarylalkyl- 1-piperazinyl , 1-homopiperazinyl, 4-alkyl-l- homopiperazinyl, 4-arylalkyl- 1-homopiperazinyl, 4-diarylalkyl- 1-homopiperazinyl; 1- pyrrolidinyl, 1-piperidinyl, or 1-azepinyl, optionally substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, halo, trifluoromethyl or hydroxy .
• aryl herein alone or as part of another group refers to monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic rings, e.g. phenyl, substituted phenyl and the like, as well as groups which are fused, e.g., napthyl, phenanthrenyl and the like.
• An aryl group thus contains at least one ring having at least 6 atoms, with up to five such rings being present, containing up to 22 atoms therein, with alternating (resonating) double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms or suitable heteroatoms.
• Aryl groups may also be substituted with heterocycloalkyl and heterocycloaryl groups to form fused rings, such as dihydrobenzfuranyl, oxindolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, oxindolyl, benzoxazolidinonyl, benzoxazolinyl and benzoxazolidinone.
• cycloalkyl herein alone or as part of another group refers to fully saturated and partially unsaturated hydrocarbon rings of 3 to 9, preferably 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Further, a cycloalkyl may be substituted.
• R' and R" is independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, and cycloalkyl, or R' and R" together form a heterocyclo or heteroaryl ring.
• Cycloalkyl groups may also be substituted with hetero atoms such as O, N, and S to form heterocycloalkyl groups.
• Preferred heterocycloalkyl groups include optionally substituted morpholine, homomorpholine (7 membered ring), hiomorpholine, piperazine, homopiperazine (7 membered ring), and piperidine.
• heteroaryl herein alone or as part of another group refers to substituted and unsubstituted aromatic 5 or 6 membered monocyclic groups, 9 or 10 membered bicyclic groups, and 11 to 14 membered tricyclic groups which have at least one heteroatom (O, S or N) in at least one of the rings.
• Each ring of the heteroaryl group containing a heteroatom can contain one or two oxygen or sulfur atoms and/or from one to four nitrogen atoms provided that the total number of heteroatoms in each ring is four or less and each ring has at least one carbon atom.
• the fused rings completing the bicyclic and tricyclic groups may contain only carbon atoms and may be saturated, partially saturated, or unsaturated.
• the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen atoms may optionally be quaternized.
• Heteroaryl groups which are bicyclic or tricyclic must include at least one fully aromatic ring but the other fused ring or rings may be aromatic or non- aromatic.
• the heteroaryl group may be attached at any available nitrogen or carbon atom of any ring.
• Exemplary monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, and the like.
• Exemplary bicyclic heteroaryl groups include indolyl, indolinyl, oxindolyl, benzoxazolidinone, benzothiazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuranyl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, benzopyranyl, cinnolinyl, quinoxalinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolopyridyl, furopyridinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl and the like.
• Exemplary tricyclic heteroaryl groups include carbazolyl, benzindolyl, phenanthrollinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, xanthenyl and the like.
• halogen or halo
• hydroxy herein alone or as part of another group refers to -OH.
• thioalkoxy herein alone or as part of another group refers to an alkyl group as defined herein attached to the parent molecular group through a sulfur atom.
• thioalkoxy include, but are not limited to, thiomethoxy, thioethoxy, and the like.
• an "anti-cancer agent” as used herein includes known anti-cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or with cytostatic or cytotoxic agents, such as for example, but not limited to, DNA interactive agents, such as cisplatin or doxorubicin; topoisomerase II inhibitors, such as etoposide; topoisomerase I inhibitors such as CPT-11 or topotecan; tubulin interacting agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel or the epothilones; hormonal agents, such as tamoxifen; thymidilate synthase inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil; anti-metabolites, such as methotrexate; tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Iressa and OSI-774; angiogenesis inhibitors; EGF inhibitors; VEGF inhibitors; CDK inhibitors; Her 1/2 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies directed against growth factor receptors such as erbitux (EGF) and herceptin (Her2).
• protecting groups for the compounds of the present invention will be recognized from the present application taking into account the level of skill in the art, and with reference to standard textbooks, such as Greene, T. W. et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley, N.Y. (1991).
• alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl are substituted, they are preferably substituted with one or more hydroxy, cyano, carbamoyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, thiol, alkenyl, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, amido, sulfonyl, sulfoxy, sulfonamido, halo, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
• aryl or heteroaryl When aryl or heteroaryl are substituted, they are preferably substituted with one or more alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cyano, carbamoyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, amido, sulfonamido, halo or with R', R" wherein R', R" form a ring that is fused to the aryl group.
• CH aryl or heteroaryl When CH aryl or heteroaryl are substituted, they are preferably substituted with one or more alkyl, alkyenyl, alkynyl, cyano, carbamoyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, amido, sulfonamido, or halogen.
• NH-Z-aryl or NH-Z-heteroaryl groups are substituted, they are preferably substituted with one or more alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, halogen, nitro, nitrile, carboxylate, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, ester, amide, aryl, or heteroaryl
• C The numbers in the subscript after the symbol "C” define the number of carbon atoms a particular group can contain.
• “Ci .5 alkyl” means a straight or branched saturated carbon chain having from one to six carbon atoms; examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, t- butyl, n-pentyl, sec-pentyl, isopentyl, and n-hexyl.
• Ci . ⁇ alkyl can also refer to Ci .5 alkylene which bridges two groups; examples include propane- 1, 3 -diyl, butane- 1,4-diyl, 2-methyl-butane-l,4-diyl, etc.
• C2-6 alkenyl means a straight or branched carbon chain having at least one carbon-carbon double bond, and having from two to six carbon atoms; examples include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl.
• C2-6 alkenyl can also refer to C2-6 alkenediyl which bridges two groups; examples include ethylene- 1,2-diyl (vinylene), 2-methyl-2-butene- 1,4-diyl, 2-hexene-l,6-diyl, etc.
• C2-6 alkynyl means a straight or branched carbon chain having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, and from two to six carbon atoms; examples include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, and hexynyl.
• alkyl-R 25 includes optionally substituted alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl, attached to an R 25 group.
• R 5 generally includes hydrogen, alkenyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, halo, sulfoxy, sulfonyl, -NHCOOH, -NHC(O)-, -NHSO 2 -, -C(O)NH , heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl groups such as morpholinyl or group having the formula: O O O
• imidazole and “imidazoline” herein alone or as part of another group includes substituted imidazoles and substituted imidazolines.
• tetrahydropyrimidine includes substituted tetrahydropyrimidines.
• piperazine and “piperidine” “morpholines”, “homopiperazines”,
• homomorpholines and “pyrrolidine” include substituted piperazines, substituted piperidines, substituted morpholines, substituted homomorpholines and substituted pyrrolidines, respectively.
• X is selected from the group consisting of N, C, C1-C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkyl substituted with one or more R , and a direct bond;
• Y is selected from the group consisting of O and S ;
• W is selected from the group consisting of N, C, O, and S, provided that when W is O or S, R 9 is absent;
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, C 1 - 6 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, halo, amino, OR 60 , NO 2 , OH, SR 60 , NR 60 R 61 , CN, CO 2 R 60 , CONR 60 R 61 , CO 2 NR o0 R 61 , NR 62 CONR 60 R 61 , NR 60 SO 2 R 61 , SO 2 NR o0 R 61 , C(NR 62 )NR 60 R 6 ', aryl, heteroaryl, (CH 2 ) favorOR 60 , (CH 2 ) n NR 60 R Dl , (CH 2 ) n SR 60 , (CH 2 ) contradict aryl, (CH 2 ) n heteroaryl,
• Z is selected from the group consisting of - C 4 alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl chain; Z having one or more hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, halo, NR 60 SO R 61 groups; Z optionally inco ⁇ orating one or more groups selected from the group consisting of CO, CNOH, CNOR 60 , CNNR 60 , CNNCOR 60 and CNNSO 2 R 60 • and
• R , and R ' are independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, and alkyl-R wherein
• R is hydrogen, alkenyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, aryl, heteroaryl, cyano, halo, sulfoxy, sulfonyl, - NR 30 COOR 31 , -NR 30 C(O)R 31 , -NR 30 SO 2 R 31 , -C(O)NR 30 R 31 , heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl; and
• R 30 and R 31 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkyl-R 25 .
• R 3 is -OR °.
• R 60 is alkyl, or - alkyl-R 25 , wherein R 25 is hydrogen, alkenyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, halo, cyano, alkylsulfoxy, alkylsulfonyl, -R 30 COOR 31 , -NR 30 C(O)R 31 , - NR 30 SO 2 R 31 , -C(O)NR 30 R 31 , heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl; and R 30 and R 31 are, S independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkyl-R .
• R 60 is methyl, -(CH 2 ) n CH 2 OH, or -(CH 2 ) n CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 O, and n is 0, 1, or 2.
• R is piperazine, homopiperazine, 3-methylpiperazine, or 3,5-dimethylpiperazine being optionally substituted at the 4-N position with a compound selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, alkyl-R 25 , -C(O)-R 15 , or -CO 2 R 15 wherein R 15 is
• 9S S hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkyl-R , amino or aryl; and R is hydrogen, alkenyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cyano, halo, sulfoxy, sulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, -NR 30 COOR 31 , -NR 30 SO 2 R 31 , -C(O)NR 30 R 31 , heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl and R 30 and R 31 are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or alkyl-R 25 .
• piperazine is substituted with Me, CH 2 cyclopropyl, CH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 , CH 2 CH 2 NEt 2 , CH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , CH 2 CH 2 NHMe, CH 2 CH 2 NHEt, N-CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 ⁇ , (CH 2 ) n CH 2 -R 25 wherein R 25 is OH, OMe, F, CN, CF 3 , SOCH 3 or SO 2 CH 3 , wherein n is 0, 1, or 2.
• R " is an amino group.
• Preferred amino groups include NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, NMeCH 2 CH 2 OH, NEtCH 2 CH 2 OH, NHCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , NMeCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , NEtCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 , NHCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 , NMeCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 , NEtCH 2 CH 2 NMe 2 , NHCH 2 CH 2 NEt 2 , NMeCH 2 CH 2 NEt 2 , NEtCH 2 CH 2 NEt 2 , NHCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 ⁇ , NMeCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 O, NEtCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 CH 2 ) 2 ⁇ .
• R is an optionally substitued piperidine.
• Preferred substituents are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, thiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, 1,3 dioxolane (-OCHR 15 ) 2 , 1,3 dioxane (-OCHR 15 CHR 15 CHR 15 O-) -NHC(O)R 15 , -NHCO 2 R 15 , wherein R 15 is hydrogen, alkyl 9S or alkyl-R wherein R is hydrogen, alkenyl, hydroxy, thiol, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, halo, cyano, alkylsulfoxy, alkylsulfonyl, -NR 30 COOR 31 , -NR 30 C(O)R 31 , - NR 30 SO 2 R 31 , -C(O)NR 30 R 31 , heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl; and R 30
• R 3 is an optionally substituted mo ⁇ holine, homomorpholine, thiomo ⁇ holine, sulfoxymo ⁇ holine, or sulfonylmo ⁇ holine.
• Preferred substituents include hydroxy, thiol, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, alkyl-R 25 , -NHC(O)R 15 , -NHCO 2 R 15 , wherein R 15 is hydrogen,
• R 3 is a pyrrolidine.
• Preferred pyrrolidines include, 3- hydroxyl pyrrolidine, 3- alkoxy pyrrolidine, and 3-alkylamino pyrrolidine.
• R 3 is an optionally substituted N-tetrahydropyrimidine or N-imidazoline wherein the substituents are, preferably, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, carboxyl, or carboxamide.
• R 6 is is selected from the group consisting of H, 2- aminomethylpyridine, NHCH 2 CH(OH)aryl, and NHCH(CH 2 OH)CH 2 aryl, wherein the aryl group is optionally substituted. In preferred embodiments, the aryl group is substituted with Br, CI, F, or methoxy. In some embodiments, R 6 has one of the following formulae:
• R ,40 is hydrogen or alkyl, preferably methyl, and R 17 is hydrogen or halogen, such as Br, CI or F.
• Preferred compounds of the present invention have one of the following formulae:
• R 19 I ⁇ 9* ⁇ R and R are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, or alkyl-R ;
• R 15 is hydrogen, alkyl, or alkyl-R 25 ;
• R 1 is independently, hydrogen or methyl;
• R , R and R are, independently, hydrogen, halogen, or alkoxy,or R and R 19 together form a heterocycloalkyl or heteroaryl group;
• R 25 is hydrogen, hydroxy, thiol, alkenyl, alkoxy, thioalkoxy, amino, halo, cyano, sulfoxy, sulfonyl, -NR 30 COOR 31 , -NR 30 C(O)R 31 , -NR 30 SO 2 R 31 , - C(O)NR 30 R 31 , heteroaryl or heterocycloalkyl; and
• R and R are, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl or alkyl-R .
• R 12 is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxymethyl, methoxymethyl, CH 2 F, CH 2 CN, CO 2 H, or -CONR 30 R 31 wherein R 30 and R 31 are, independently, hydrogen, or alkyl-R 25 ;
• R l is H; R 17 is Br, CI or F;
• R 18 is halo or methoxy
• R 19 is H.
• Suitable examples of salts of the compounds according to the invention include inorganic or organic acids. These include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, methanesulfonate, maleate, fumarate, phosphate and other pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Salts which are unsuitable for pharmaceutical uses but which can be employed, for example, for the isolation or purification of free compounds of formula I or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are also included. All stereoisomers of the compounds of the instant invention are contemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pure form. The definition of the compounds according to the invention embraces all possible stereoisomers and their mixtures. It very particularly embraces the racemic forms and the isolated optical isomers having the specified activity.
• racemic forms can be resolved by physical methods, such as, for example, fractional crystallization, separation or crystallization of diastereomeric derivatives or separation by chiral column chromatography.
• the individual optical isomers can be obtained from the racemates by conventional methods, such as, for example, salt formation with an optically active acid followed by crystallization.
• prodrug forms of the compounds of formula I Various forms of prodrugs are well known in the art. For examples of such prodrug derivatives, see:
• the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I, as defined above, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and at least one other anti-cancer agent formulated as a fixed dose.
• Preferred anticancer agents are selected from the group consisting of: tamoxifen, toremifen, raloxifene, droloxifene, iodoxyfene, megestrol acetate, anastrozole, letrazole, borazole, exemestane, flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, cyproterone acetate, goserelin acetate, luprolide, finasteride, herceptin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, cytosine arabinoside, doxorubicin, daunomycin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitomycin-C, dactinomycin, mithramycin, cisplatin, carboplatin, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulphan, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, nitrosoureas, thiotephan
• the invention provides a method of treating a condition via modulation of at least one tyrosine kinase enzyme comprising administering to a mammalian species in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of formula I, as defined above, in combination (simultaneously or sequentially) with at least one other anti-cancer agent.
• a preferred condition, treated by said methods of the instant invention, is cancer.
• the tyrosine kinase enzyme may include (but is not limited to): Abl, CDK's, EGF, EMT, FGF, FAK, Flk-1/KDR, HER-2, IGF-1R, IR, LCK, MET, PDGF, Src, and VEGF.
• the invention also provides a method for treating cancer, comprising administering to a mammalian species in need of such treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the pharmaceutical compositions defined above.
• the invention further provides a method for treating proliferative diseases, comprising administering to a mammalian species in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one of the pharmaceutical compositions defined above.
• Certain compounds of formula I may generally be prepared according to the following schemes and the knowledge of one skilled in the art. Solvates (e.g., hydrates) of the compounds of formula I are also within the scope of the present invention. Methods of solvation are generally known in the art. Accordingly, the compounds of the instant invention may be in the free or hydrate form, and may be obtained by methods exemplified by the following schemes below. More specifically, Schemes I-V ⁇ illustrate the preparation of compounds claimed in this invention. The examples, which follow, illustrate the compounds that can be synthesized by these schemes. The schemes are not limited by the examples listed or by any substituents employed for illustrative pu ⁇ oses.
• Scheme I describes the preparation of the benzimidazoles.
• the starting diamines 1 are readily available using literature methods or are obtained commercially.
• the diamine is then condensed with an aldehyde 2 to provide the benzimidazole 3. Further modification of the functional groups on the aryl group of the benzimidazole or heterocycle of 3 are then envisioned.
• the benzimidazole could be formed in a step-wise manner (see Scheme II) by amide formation using the acid chloride of 5 or any of the commonly used peptide coupling reagents such as DCC (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), EDCI (l-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), etc.
• DCC dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
• EDCI l-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride
• the amide 6 was formed the nitro group could be reduced using catalytic hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation or chemical reduction such as SnCl 2 or iron powder or other methods known in the art for reduction of aryl nitro groups. Treatment of the aniline with acid would then form the benzimidazole.
• Scheme III illustrates the use of 4-iodo-2-methoxy-pyridine-3- carbaldehyde 7 to provide the functionalized benzimidazole 8.
• Hydrolysis of the methoxy group using protic acid conditions, TMSI (trimethylsilyl iodide), BBr 3 , or other conditions known in the art for cleaving a methyl ether would provide the halopyridone 9.
• Addition of heteroatom nucleophiles using amines, alcohols or thiols would then provide the substituted pyridones 10.
• Other functionality could be inco ⁇ orated into the aldehyde and the above example is included for illustrative pu ⁇ oses only.
• aryl ring of the benzimidazole prepared using Schemes I or II can be modified.
• introduction of a cyano group for R 3 on the benzimidazole allows for the formation of heterocycles such as imidazole, imidazolines, oxazolines, thiazolines, amides, or amidines.
• Scheme IV illustrates such transformations. Starting from the cyano-substituted benzimidazole 11 the heterocycle can be modified as illustrated in Scheme IV to provide 12. Imidate formation preferably using ethanol and acid provides intermediate 13.
• Imidate 13 can be transformed using diamines to form imidazolines, amino alcohols to form oxazolines, amino acetals to form imidazoles, and amino thiols to form thiazolines 14.
• the imidate can be hydrolyzed to the acid and coupled with amines using any of the standard amide formation reagents (DCC, EDCI, etc.) to form amides 15.
• Imidate 13 is also a useful intermediate for the preparation of amidines 16 by reacting with amines.
• Scheme V illustrates further transformation of benzimidazoles that bear a halogen atom using palladium catalysis using conditions developed by Suzuki [Yang et al. Acta Chem. Scand. (1993) 221; Suzuki et al. Synth. Commun. (1981) 11: 513] or Buchwald/Hartwig [Buchwald et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1994) 116: 7901; Hartwig et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1994) 116: 5969; Hartwig. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl (1998) 37: 2046] and variations of these methods.
• bromide substituted benzimidazole 17 could be envisioned to provide a substrate for Suzuki coupling with aryl, vinyl, and heterocyclic boronic acids to provide benzimidazoles 18.
• amines and heterocycles such as piperazine or mo ⁇ holine derivatives 19 can be prepared from the same bromide using amines under conditions described by Buchwald and Hartwig or variations thereof.
• amine and heterocyclic derivatives such as 19 can be prepared using intermediate 6 described in Scheme II.
• the halogen can be displaced with amines, alcohols, heterocyclic amines and other nitrogen containing heterocycles such as piperazine, piperidine, 4-amino piperidine, mo ⁇ holine, imidazole, etc (Scheme VI).
• the terminal nitrogen of piperazine or 4-amino piperidine can then be alkylated using standard alkylation conditions or reacted with aldehydes in a reductive amination reaction to provide alkylated derivatives.
• terminal nitrogen atom of piperazine or 4- amino piperidine can be acylated or carbamoylated using any number of conditions that are routine for someone skilled in the art of organic synthesis. Following the example illustrated in Scheme II compounds such as 19 could be prepared.
• amines, heterocycles, and alcohols can be introduced at R 3 using a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction started from an intermediate 20 were R 3 is halogen, preferably F, the halogen can be displaced with amines, alcohols, heterocyclic amines and other nitrogen containing heterocycles such as piperazine,
• the compounds according to the invention have pharmacological properties; in particular, the compounds of formula I are tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitors.
• the novel compounds of formula I are thus useful in the therapy of a variety of proliferative diseases (including but not limited to diseases associated with tyrosine kinase enzymes) such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, viral diseases, fungal diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular disease.
• the compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including, but not limited to, the following: a) carcinoma, including that of the bladder, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, including small cell lung cancer, esophagus, gall bladder, ovary, pancreas, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin, including squamous cell carcinoma; b) hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage, including leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkins lymphoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma and Burkett's lymphoma; c) hematopoietic tumors of myeloid lineage, including acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome and promyelocytic leukemia; d) tumors of me
• inhibitors could act as reversible cytostatic agents which may be useful in the treatment of any disease process which features abnormal cellular proliferation, e.g., benign prostatic hype ⁇ lasia, familial adenomatosis polyposis, neuro-fibromatosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis following angioplasty or vascular surgery, hypertrophic scar formation, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantation rejection, endotoxic shock, and fungal infections.
• benign prostatic hype ⁇ lasia familial adenomatosis polyposis
• neuro-fibromatosis e.g., atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis following angioplasty or vascular surgery
• hypertrophic scar formation e.g., benign prostatic hype ⁇ lasia, familial adenomatosis polyposis, neuro-fibromatosis,
• Compounds of formula I may induce apoptosis.
• the apoptotic response is aberrant in a variety of human diseases.
• Compounds of formula I, as modulators of apoptosis, will be useful in the treatment of cancer (including but not limited to those types mentioned herein above), viral infections (including but not limited to he ⁇ esvirus, poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus), prevention of AIDS development in HIV-infected individuals, autoimmune diseases (including but not limited to systemic lupus, erythematosus, autoimmune mediated glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diabetes mellitus), neurodegenerative disorders (including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, AIDS-related dementia, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, spinal muscular atrophy and cerebellar degeneration), my
• Compounds of formula I may modulate the level of cellular RNA and DNA synthesis. These agents would therefore be useful in the treatment of viral infections (including but not limited to HIV, human papilloma virus, he ⁇ esvirus, poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus).
• viral infections including but not limited to HIV, human papilloma virus, he ⁇ esvirus, poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus.
• Compounds of formula I may also be useful in the chemoprevention of cancer. Chemoprevention is defined as inhibiting the development of invasive cancer by either blocking the initiating mutagenic event or by blocking the progression of pre- malignant cells that have already suffered an insult or inhibiting tumor relapse. Compounds of formula I may also be useful in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
• the compounds of this invention may also be useful in combination (administered together or sequentially) with known anti-cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or with cytostatic or cytotoxic agents, such as for example, but not limited to, DNA interactive agents, such as cisplatin or doxorubicin; topoisomerase II inhibitors, such as etoposide; topoisomerase I inhibitors such as CPT-11 or topotecan; tubulin interacting agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel or the epothilones; hormonal agents, such as tamoxifen; thymidilate synthase inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil; and anti-metabolites, such as methotrexate; tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as Iressa and OSI-774; angiogenesis inhibitors; EGF inhibitors; VEGF inhibitors; CDK inhibitors; Herl/2 inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies directed against growth factor receptors such as erbitux (
• Such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent or treatment within its approved dosage range.
• Compounds of formula I may also be administered sequentially with known anticancer or cytotoxic agents when a combination formulation is inappropriate. The invention is not limited in the sequence of administration; compounds of formula I may be administered either prior to or after administration of the known anticancer or cytotoxic agent(s).
• compositions for use as described above, including controlling cancer, inflammation and arthritis, which contain at least one compound of the formula I as defined above or at least one of its pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts, and the use of a compound of the formula I as defined above for the preparation of a pharmaceutical having activity against proliferative diseases as described previously including against cancer, inflammation and/or arthritis.
• the pharmacological properties of the compounds of this invention may be confirmed by a number of pharmacological assays.
• the exemplified pharmacological assays which follow have been carried out with the compounds according to the invention and their salts.
• CDK2/cyclin E complex 0.5 ⁇ g GST-RB fusion protein (amino acids 776-928 of retinoblastoma protein), 0.2 ⁇ Ci 33 P ⁇ -ATP, 25 ⁇ M ATP in 50 ⁇ l kinase buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 1 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT). Reactions were incubated for 45 minutes at 30° C and stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration of 15% .
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• TCA precipitates were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT).
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required inhibiting 50% of kinase activity (IC 50 ).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at six concentrations, each in triplicate. The final concentration of DMSO in the assay equaled 2%.
• a filter-based kinase assay measuring the phosphorylation of Gst-SLP76 by Gst-Emtk, was employed to determine the compound inhibitory activity against Emt.
• the kinase reaction was performed in a 96-well plate at room temperature for 15 min before being terminated by adding 100 ⁇ l of 20% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) containing 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate.
• TCA trichloroacetic acid
• the kinase reaction mixture (60 ⁇ l ) contained 25 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, 0.1 mg/ml BSA, 5 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM MnCl 2 , 8 ng of enzyme (Gst-Emtk), 5 ⁇ g of the substrate protein (Gst-SLP76), 1 ⁇ M ATP, 0.4 ⁇ Ci of [ ⁇ -P ] ATP and the tested compound (at various concentrations). After termination, the proteins were allowed to precipitate in the presence of TCA for 1 fir at 4 °C.
• the precipitated proteins were then harvested on a filter plate (UniFilter-96, GF/C, Packard Instrument) and washed to remove excess [ ⁇ -P ] ATP.
• the radioactivity was determined using a TopCount NXT (Packard Instrument) after adding 35 ⁇ l of Microscint 20 (Packard Instrument).
• the Focal Adhesion kinase was assayed using the synthetic polymer poly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma Chemicals) as a phosphoacceptor substrate.
• Each reaction mixture consisted of a total volume of 50 ul and contained 100 ng of baculovirus- expressed enzyme, 2 ⁇ g of poly(Glu/Tyr), l ⁇ M of ATP, and 0.2 ⁇ Ci of [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP.
• the mixtures also contained 40 mM Tris.HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM MnCl 2 , 0.5 mM DTT, and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin.
• kinase activity was determined by quantitation of the amount of radioactive phosphate transferred to the poly(Glu/Tyr) substrate.
• Inco ⁇ oration was measured by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation of the proteins which were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT).
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• kinase reactions consisted of 10 ng of baculovirus expressed GST- HER1, 100 ng of HER2, 100 ng/ml poly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma), 0.2 ⁇ Ci 33P ⁇ -ATP, 1 ⁇ M ATP in 50 ⁇ l kinase buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 10 mM MnC12, 0.5 mM DTT). Reactions were incubated for lh at 27 C and stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration 15%.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• TCA precipitates were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT).
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC 50 ).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at six concentrations, each in triplicate. The final concentration of DMSO in the assay equaled 1%.
• the IGF-1 receptor tyrosine kinase was assayed using the synthetic polymer poly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma Chemicals) as a phosphoacceptor substrate.
• Each reaction mixture consisted of a total volume of 50 ul and contained 125 ng of baculovirus expressed enzyme, 2.5 ⁇ g of poly(Glu/Tyr), 25 ⁇ M of ATP, and 0.1 ⁇ Ci of [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP.
• the mixtures also contained 20 mM MOPS, pH 7.0, 5 mM MnCl 2 , 0.5 mM DDT, and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin.
• reaction mixtures were incubated at 30 ° C for 45 minutes and kinase activity was determined by quantitation of the amount of radioactive phosphate transferred to the poly(Glu/Tyr) substrate.
• Inco ⁇ oration was measured by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation of the proteins which were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co.,
• the Insulin Receptor Tryrosine kinase was assayed using the synthetic polymer poly(GlutTyr) (Sigma Chemicals) as a phosphoacceptor substrate.
• Each reaction mixture consisted of a total volume of 50 ul and contained 90 ng of baculovirus-expressed enzyme, 2.5 ⁇ g of poly(Glu/Tyr), 25 ⁇ M of ATP, and 0.1 ⁇ Ci of [ ⁇ - 33 P]ATP.
• the mixtures contained also 20 mM Tris.HCl, pH 7.4, 5 mM MnCl 2 , 0.5 mM DTT, and 0.1 mg/ml bovine serum.
• kinase activity was determined by quantitation of the amount of radioactive phosphate transferred to the poly(Glu/Tyr) substrate.
• Inco ⁇ oration was measured by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation of the proteins which were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co.,
• kinase reactions consisted of 10 ng of baculovirus expressed lOng GST-Lck, 100 ng/ml poly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma), 0.2 ⁇ Ci 33P ⁇ -ATP, 1 ⁇ M ATP in 50 ⁇ l kinase buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 10 mM MnC12, 0.5 mM DTT). Reactions were incubated for lh at 27 C and stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration 15%.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• TCA precipitates were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co.,
• IC 50 concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at six concentrations, each in triplicate. The final concentration of DMSO in the assay equaled 1%.
• MET Kinase Assay Kinase reactions consisted of lOng of baculovirus expressed GST-Met, 2.5ug poly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma), 0.2 ⁇ Ci 33P ⁇ -ATP, 10 ⁇ M ATP in 50 ⁇ l kinase buffer (40mM Tris, pH 7.5, ImM MnC12, 0.50 mM DTT). Reactions were incubated for lh at 27 C and stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration 3.5%.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• TCA precipitates were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT).
• Dose response curves were generated to determine the concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity (IC 50 ).
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at seven concentrations, each in triplicate. The final concentration of DMSO in the assay equaled 1%.
• Kinase reactions consisted of 70ng of baculovirus expressed GST-PDGFbR, 0.3ug biotinylated poly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma), in 50 ⁇ l kinase buffer (20 mM Hepes, pH 7.5, 0.7uM ATP, lOmM MnC12, 0.5mM DTT, 0.15mM NaCl, O.lmg/ml BSA). Reactions were incubated for 30 minutes at room temperature with shaking and stopped by the addition of lOul of 0.2M EDTA, pH8.0. 150ul of HTRF detection buffer was added and incubated for 1 hour and 30 minutes at room temperature. Counts were quantitated on Discovery HTRF Packard Instrument.
• kinase reactions consisted of 7.5ng of baculovirus expressed GST-KDR, 1.5ug ⁇ oly(Glu/Tyr) (Sigma), 0.04 ⁇ Ci 33P ⁇ -ATP, 2.5 ⁇ M ATP in 50 ⁇ l kinase buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 1.8 mM MnC12, 0.0.625 mM DTT). Reactions were incubated for lh at 27 C and stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration 15%.
• TCA cold trichloroacetic acid
• TCA precipitates were collected onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) using a Filtermate universal harvester (Packard Instrument Co., Meriden, CT) and the filters were quantitated using a TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Packard Instrument Co.,
• IC 50 concentration required to inhibit 50% of kinase activity
• Compounds were dissolved at 10 mM in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and evaluated at six concentrations, each in triplicate. The final concentration of DMSO in the assay equaled 1%.
• Cytotoxicity assay (HT-29-colon; Colo205, MCF-7-breast) Tumor cell lines are maintained in McCoy's 5A medium (GIBCO) and 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (GIBCO). The in vitro cytotoxicity is assessed in tumor cells by a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay which takes advantage of the metabolic conversion of MTS (3-(4,5-dimefhylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) (Promega) to a reduced form that absorbs light at 492 nm (1).
• MTS 3-(4,5-dimefhylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulphenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt
• HT-29 and Colo205 are human colon tumor cell lines, and MCF-7 is a human breast tumor cell line.
• 5-Chloroacetyl-7-chlorooxindole To a suspension of AICI 3 (13.4g, 0.10 mol) in methylene chloride (40mL) is added a solution of 7-Chlorooxindole (0.10 mol) and chloroacetyl chloride (8 mL, 0.10 mol) at 0°C. The solution is warmed to ambient temperature for two hours and poured onto ice and extracted with methylene chloride, washing with saturated bicarbonate solution, brine, and drying over MgSO 4 would provide the desired chloroketone.
• Methyl-CBS-oxazaborolidine (IM in toluene, 0.745 mL, 0.745 mmol) and BH 3 -THF (8mL, 8 mmol) is added at the same time a solution of BH 3 -THF (19mL, 19 mmol) and a solution of the 5-Chloroacetyl-7-chlorooxindole (37.98 mmol) in 19 mL of THF. Both solutions are added dropwise over 30 minutes. The solution is stirred for 1 hour and quenched with the slow addition of methanol (50mL). The solution is concentrated and the residue chromatographed over a short silica gel column (1:1 hexane/ethyl acetate).
• 6-ChloroacetyI-4-chloro-2-benzooxazolinone To a suspension of AICI 3 (13.4g, 0.10 mol) in methylene chloride (40mL) is added a solution of 4-chloro-2- benzooxazolinone (0.10 mol) and chloroacetyl chloride (8 mL, 0.10 mol) at 0°C. The solution is warmed to ambient temperature for two hours and poured onto ice and extracted with methylene chloride, washing with saturated bicarbonate solution, brine, and drying over MgSO 4 would provide the desired chloroketone.
• N-MethyI-7-chloroindoline To a solution of the 7-Chloroindoline (0.10 mol) in 500 mL of acetone is added K 2 CO 3 (0.15mol) and Mel (0.15mol) and refluxed until the starting material is consumed. The reaction is filtered and washed with water and saturated bicarbonate solution, drying over MgSO 4 would provide the N-Me -7- chloroindoline
• N-Methyl-5-chloroacetyl-7-chloro-indoline To a suspension of AICI 3 (13.4g, 0.10 mol) in methylene chloride (40mL) is added a solution of N-Me-7-Chloroindoline (0.10 mol) and chloroacetyl chloride (8 mL, 0.10 mol) at 0°C. The solution is warmed to ambient temperature for two hours and poured onto ice and extracted with methylene chloride, washing with saturated bicarbonate solution, brine, and drying over MgSO 4 provides the desired chloroketone.
• 6-Chloroacetyl-4-chloro-2-methyl-benzooxazole To a suspension of AICI 3 (13.4g, 0.10 mol) in methylene chloride (40mL) is added a solution of 2-Methyl-4-chIoro- benzooxazole (0.10 mol) and chloroacetyl chloride (8 mL, 0.10 mol) at 0°C. The solution is warmed to ambient temperature for two hours and poured onto ice and extracted with methylene chloride, washing with saturated bicarbonate solution, brine, and drying over MgSO would provide the desired chloroketone.
• N-(4-Imidazol-l-yl-2-methyl-6-nitro-phenyI)-acetamide To a solution of 4- imidazol-l-yl-2-methyl-phenylamine (1 g, 5.78 mmol) in CH2CI 2 (20 mL) was added AC 2 O (0.7 mL, 7.28 mmol) at 0°C. The reaction mixture was stir at room temperature for 14 h and diluted with water. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2CI2 and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated ⁇ aHC ⁇ 3 and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated in vacuo to give a white solid. The white solid was suspended in H 2 SO 4 (cone.) (15 mL).
• HNO 3 (cone.) (0.312 mL) was added to the suspension at 0°C.
• the reaction mixture was slowly warmed to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 4 h. After cooling to -10°C, the reaction mixture was neutralized with ammonium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (1:9:5 MeOH / THF / hexane) to yield the title compound (0.61 g, 41%).
• N-formyl-N, N', N'- trimethylethylenediamine (176 mL, 1.37 mol) dropwise at -78°C.
• the reaction mixture was stirred for ca. 30 min at -78°C before warming to -23°C over ca. 30 min.
• ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (1 L) followed by rt-butyllithium (2.5 M solution in hexane) (800 mL, 2.0 mol). The resulting mixture was stirred for ca. 2 h during which time the reaction mixture turned deep green.
• a 12-L 4-necked round flask was charged with iodine (571 g, 2.25 mol) and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (2 L) and the resultant solution was cooled to -78°C.
• the contents of the 5-L flask were transferred via canula to the mixture of iodine and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether in the 12-L flask at -78°C.
• the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 1 h at -78°C.
• the cooling bath was removed and the mixture was allowed to warm to about 0°C and treated with 2 L of water and 2 L of 1 ⁇ hydrochloric acid. Methyl t-butyl ether (2L) was added and the layers were separated.
• N-(4-Cyano-2-methyl-6-nitro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide To the ice-cold trifluoroacetic anhydride (60 mL) was added 4-amino-3-methyl-benzonitrile (14.33 g, 0.108 mol) in portion. The resulting white slurry was stirred at 0°C for 30 min. Then ammonium nitrate (17.28 g, 0.216 mol) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0°C for 1 h and at room temperature for 14 h. After removal of most solvent, the reaction mixture was cooled with ice and quenched with ice.
• 6-Bromo-2-(4-iodo-2-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4-methyl-lH-benzimidazole To a solution of 5-bromo-3-methyl-l,2-phenylenediamine (4 g, 19.9 mmol) in methanol (80 mL) was added 4-iodo-2-methoxy-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (5.23 g, 19.9 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) dropwise at 0°C. The resulting slurry was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Then iodine (2.53 g, 9.95 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was added via a dropping funnel.
• the reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 14 h under nitrogen and then cooled to room temperature. After removal of the solvent, the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water. The aqueous fraction was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 . After concentration in vacuo, the residue was purified by flash column chromatography (30% EtOAc / hexane) to yield the title compound (1 g, 73%) as a white solid.
• 2-(3-Amino-5-fluoro-2-nitro-phenyl)-malonic acid di-tert-butyl ester To the crude 2-(3,5-Difluoro-2-nitro-phenyl)-malonic acid di-tert-butyl ester (62g, 0.42 mol) was added 700 mL of 2M ammonia in methanol in a pressure bottle. The vessel was sealed and heated to 85°C for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and the vessel opened carefully and the methanol solution concentrated to provide 140 g of crude material.
• 3-Amino-5-fluoro-2-nitro phenyl acetic acid To the 2-(3-Amino-5-fluoro-2-nitro- phenyl)-malonic acid di-tert-butyl ester (140g) in 500 mL of 4N HCl in dioxane was added 50 mL of water and heated to 40°C for 2 days. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3X's) and the ethyl acetate washed with water (3X's) and brine.
• 2-Amino-4-fluoro-6-methyI nitrobenzene To the crude 3-Amino-5-fluoro-2-nitro phenyl acetic acid (3.6g, 16.8 mmol) was added Cu 2 O (lO.lg, 70.6 mmol) in 120 mL of acetonitrile along with 50uL of methanol and the suspension was refluxed for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the Celite pad washed with water and ethyl acetate. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 and concentrated to give 2.95 g of material which by ⁇ NMR was 80% pure.
• 2-(4-Iodo-2-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4-methyl-6-morpholin-4-yl-lH- benzoimidazole 2-Methyl-4-mo ⁇ holin-4-yl-6-nitro-phenylamine (15.2 g, 64 mmol) was suspended in methanol (200 ml) in a PARR flask. Palladium on carbon (1.0 g, 10% Pd) was added and the suspension shaken under 60 psi of hydrogen overnight.
• the mixture was filtered through a pad of celite (under argon) into a 3-neck flask, the celite rinsed with methanol and the filtrate diluted with methanol to a total volume of 500 ml and cooled to 0°C.
• a solution of 4-Iodo-2-methoxy-pyridine-3 -carbaldehyde (14.6 g, 55.5 mmol) in methanol (500 ml) was added slowly (during 3 hours). After addition of ⁇ l A of the solution the system was opened to air and stirred over the weekend, thereby reaching room temperature.
• the resulting solution was then stirred at 0 °C for an additional 30 min,. the cooling bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature in the presence of air for 72 h.
• the resulting solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (1500 mL) and the solvent removed in vacuo (repeated 3x). The resulting dark foamy solid was dried under high vacuum.
• Examples 29-35 were prepared from commercially or readily available diamines which were prepared and condensed with 4-iodo-2-methoxy-pyridine-3-carbaldehyde as described in Scheme UI.
• LCMS conditions a) YMC C18 S5 4.6 x 50 mm; 0 - 100% gradient over 4 min*; 4 mL/min flow rate b) YMC ODS-A C18 S7 3.0 x 50 mm; 0 - 100% gradient over 2 min*; 5 mL/min flow rate c) YMC C18 S5 4.5 x 50 mm; 0 - 100% gradient over 8 min*; 2.5 mLmin flow rate d) YMC C18 S7 3.0 x 50 mm; 0 - 100% gradient over 3 min*; 5 mL/min flow rate e) YMC ODSA S3 6.0 xl50 mm; 0 - 100% gradient over 5 min*; 1.5 mL/min flow rate f) PHS-PRIMESPHERE C 18 4.6 x 30 mm; 0 - 100% gradient over 2 min* ; 5 mL/min flow rate g) YMC C18 S7 3.0 x 50 mm;
• (+)-2- ⁇ 4-[2-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-2-oxo-l,2-dihydro-pyridin- 3-yl ⁇ -7,N,N,-trimethyl-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxamidine: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD 3 OD) ⁇ 7.63 (IH, s), 7.54 (IH, s), 7.18 - 7.41 (5H, m), 6.26 (IH, d, 7 7.
• (+)-2- ⁇ 4-[2-(3-Chloro-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-2-oxo-l,2-dihydro-pyridin- 3-yl ⁇ -7-methyl-3H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid The ethyl ester (419 mg, 0.90 mmol) obtained above was diluted with methanol (15 mL) and water (5 mL) followed by addition of sodium hydroxide (180 mg, 4.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 14 h. After removal of methanol, the residue was neutralized with 2 N HCl solution. The resulting slurry was filtered and washed with ice-cold water.
• Example 520 (General procedure for examples 520-522)
• the trifluoroaceticacid salt of the pure title compound was dissolved in methanol and applied to a Varian Mega Bond-Elute SCX cartridge. Elution with methanol followed by 2.0 M NH3 / MeOH gave the free base. This material was suspended in MeOH and 1.00 N aqueous HCl (2 equiv.) was added.
• the reaction was heated at 80 °C for 12 h.
• the reaction mixture was then purified on reverse phase preparative HPLC using a methanol / water / 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid gradient. The fractions were evaporated to give the title compound as a trifluoroacetic acid salt, which was dissolved in methanol and applied to a Varian Mega Bond-Elute SCX cartridge. Elution with methanol followed by 2.0 M NH3 / MeOH gave the free base (39.3 mg). This material was suspended in MeOH and 1.00 N aqueous HCl (2 equiv.) was added.

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