WO2002073019A2 - Verfahren zum betrieb von brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents
Verfahren zum betrieb von brennkraftmaschinen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2002073019A2 WO2002073019A2 PCT/EP2002/001164 EP0201164W WO02073019A2 WO 2002073019 A2 WO2002073019 A2 WO 2002073019A2 EP 0201164 W EP0201164 W EP 0201164W WO 02073019 A2 WO02073019 A2 WO 02073019A2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D37/00—Non-electrical conjoint control of two or more functions of engines, not otherwise provided for
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1452—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a COx content or concentration
- F02D41/1453—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a COx content or concentration the characteristics being a CO content or concentration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
- F02D41/1455—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor resistivity varying with oxygen concentration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
- F02D41/1456—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1459—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a hydrocarbon content or concentration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
- F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
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- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1497—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2438—Active learning methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2474—Characteristics of sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D2041/1468—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1451—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the sensor being an optical sensor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2406—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially read only memories
- F02D41/2425—Particular ways of programming the data
- F02D41/2429—Methods of calibrating or learning
- F02D41/2451—Methods of calibrating or learning characterised by what is learned or calibrated
- F02D41/2454—Learning of the air-fuel ratio control
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to methods for operating internal combustion engines with the features mentioned in the preambles of the independent claims.
- US Pat. No. 5,329,764 discloses an engine control system for optimizing the conversion efficiency of a catalyst device arranged in the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine, which has a nitrogen oxide (NOX) sensor and a carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) sensor. Both sensors are arranged downstream of the catalyst device. A difference signal is formed from the signals of both sensors, which is fed as a feedback variable to a fuel control device in order to set a desired air / fuel ratio. The difference signal serves as a correction signal for setting the lambda value of the exhaust gas in order to achieve a maximum conversion efficiency of the catalytic converter device.
- NOX nitrogen oxide
- CO carbon monoxide
- HC hydrocarbon
- DE 195 11 548 A1 also discloses a method for reducing nitrogen in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in which the content of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas is measured downstream of a nitrogen oxide absorber, and in each case a switch is made from a stoichiometric or enrichment operating phase to a lean operating phase as soon as the hydrocarbon or carbon monoxide content increases above a predetermined level or as soon as the nitrogen oxide content falls below a predetermined level. The system switches from a lean operating phase to a stoichiometric or enrichment operating phase as soon as the measured nitrogen oxide content rises above a predetermined level.
- EP 090941 and DE 198 31 424 sensors are also known for determining the concentration of constituents of exhaust gases, in particular for determining one or more of the gases NOX, CO, H2 and preferably unsaturated hydrocarbons. These sensors are used to optimize combustion reactions and to detect component malfunctions.
- the object of the method according to the invention is to enable the operation of an internal combustion engine to be optimized with regard to emission safety and the consumption of fuel.
- At least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine is changed as a function of emission values of the exhaust gas to influence the emission values in order to operate an internal combustion engine, for example a gasoline engine which is in particular lean-burn engine or a diesel internal combustion engine.
- the emission values of at least two pollutant components of the exhaust gas are determined and, if the emission value of a first of the at least two pollutant components exceeds a predetermined maximum threshold value, the value of at least one operating parameter, for example a throttle valve position, exhaust gas recirculation rate, an ignition time, a tumble valve position, an injection time, a boost pressure, and / or a phase position the camshaft or the like, to lower the emission value of the first pollutant component, wherein an increase in the emission value up to a maximum value is permitted at least for the second of the at least two pollutant components.
- a predetermined maximum threshold value for example a throttle valve position, exhaust gas recirculation rate, an ignition time, a tumble valve position, an injection time, a boost pressure, and / or a phase position the camshaft or the like
- the emission values of at least two pollutant components of the exhaust gas are determined and if the emission value of a first of the at least two pollutant components has a predetermined value falls below the minimum threshold value, the value of at least one operating parameter, for example a throttle valve position, an exhaust gas recirculation rate, an ignition point, a tumble valve position, an injection point, a boost pressure, and / or a phase position of the camshaft or the like, to increase the emission value of this pollutant component up to at most this threshold value for reducing the emission value is changed at least for the second of the at least two pollutant components.
- the value of at least one operating parameter for example a throttle valve position, an exhaust gas recirculation rate, an ignition point, a tumble valve position, an injection point, a boost pressure, and / or a phase position of the camshaft or the like
- An advantage of the method according to the invention according to claims 1 and 2 is the adaptation of the raw emission of an internal combustion engine, that is to say the emission upstream of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system to different operating states. In particular, it can be adapted to different requirements for emission limits.
- the emission safety of an internal combustion engine operated according to the invention is not achieved or not only achieved by a simple lambda control, but rather measures which are specifically adapted to the internal combustion engine are used. This involves, in particular, an adjustment of a throttle valve position, an exhaust gas recirculation rate, the selection of an ignition timing, the injection point of pre / main / post-injections, an injection pressure, the position of a tumble valve, a boost pressure and / or the position of a phaser Camshaft.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for improving emission security in lean operating phases in a lean-gasoline engine and in the low-load phases in a diesel engine. According to the invention, a reduction in the hydrocarbon concentration and the nitrogen oxide concentration may be necessary.
- hydrocarbon is selected as the first pollutant component to be lowered and carbon monoxide as the second pollutant component.
- the nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced at the expense of the carbon monoxide emissions, an improved emission behavior can be achieved in particular in a conventional gasoline engine, for example under full load.
- the emission value of carbon monoxide is reduced and an increase in the emission values of nitrogen oxide and / or hydrocarbon is permitted.
- an adaptation of the raw emission values of at least the first pollutant component to the different conversion efficiency of a catalyst device arranged in an exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is provided. This can improve the overall emission safety of the internal combustion engine.
- a change in the maximum or minimum threshold value and / or the maximum value of the second pollutant component as a function of the operating temperature of the catalyst device is particularly preferred.
- Another object of the invention is to improve a constant control of the lambda value of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine.
- an internal combustion engine with at least one catalytic converter arranged in an exhaust system in which at least one lambda probe is used for the continuous regulation of the lambda value of the exhaust gas the exhaust system is arranged, intended to calibrate the lambda probe to use emission values of the exhaust gas, preferably of nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon and / or carbon monoxide.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the lambda value of the exhaust gas can be determined from the emission values of various pollutant components, since the concentration of each pollutant component in the exhaust gas has a characteristic lambda dependency, which can be stored, for example, in characteristic diagrams.
- the lambda probe is calibrated using the emission values of the exhaust gas only if, in the case of a lambda probe arranged downstream of a catalytic converter, the catalytic converter has an intended operating temperature, preferably in a temperature range between 200 and 400 degrees Celsius.
- the lambda value of the exhaust gas is regulated to a value of 1 and an adaptation to this value takes place using the emission values of hydrocarbon and / or carbon monoxide on the one hand and nitrogen oxide on the other. It is taken into account here that when an NOX breakthrough occurs, an actual lambda value> 1 and when a hydrocarbon and / or carbon monoxide breakthrough occurs in the emission, an actual lambda value ⁇ 1 can be concluded.
- errors in the signal of the broadband lambda probe can be corrected in a simple manner, which are due to aging or poisoning influences or to manufacturing tolerances or the like. It is also possible to compensate for shifts in the probe characteristic caused by certain components of the exhaust gas, for example the so-called fat shift caused by a hydrogen content in the exhaust gas.
- electrochemical and / or optical sensors can advantageously be used, such as are known per se, for example, from EP 0899563, WO 79/47962, EP 090941 or DE 19831424.
- optical sensors in particular infrared sensors with a negligibly short T90 time, are preferred, since this enables the emission values of the pollutant components concerned to be determined almost without delay for the practical needs of the invention. It is also particularly preferred to use a sensor for separate measurement of all relevant pollutant components and a sensor for measuring pollutant components and the lambda value of the exhaust gas.
- FIG 1 shows an internal combustion engine with an associated exhaust system
- FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the conversion rate of a 3-way catalyst for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons as a function of the catalyst temperature
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the signal profiles for the calibration of a lambda probe
- Figure 4 shows a diagram of the hydrocarbon emission in an internal combustion engine
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of an internal combustion engine 1, for example a gasoline engine capable of running on gastric gas or a diesel internal combustion engine, with an exhaust system 2 and an engine control unit 3, preferably for operating a motor vehicle.
- the internal combustion engine 1 has a number of cylinder banks 4 (corresponding components are only provided with a reference number), which a separate exhaust gas path 5 is connected downstream.
- a pre-catalytic converter 6 and a main catalytic converter 7 are arranged in the exhaust system 2 as catalytic devices.
- Pre-catalytic converter 6 is preferably designed as a 3-way catalytic converter and main catalytic converter 7 as NOX storage catalytic converter.
- sensors 8 are arranged in the exhaust gas paths 5, with which the concentration of pollutant components of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine 1 guided through the exhaust system 2 can be measured.
- this can be CO, NO, N02, NH3, SO2, H2S, CH4 and other HC components.
- a further sensor 8 ′ for measuring pollutant components of the exhaust gas is also arranged upstream of the pre-catalytic converter 6.
- a further sensor 9 for determining the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gas is arranged in a region of the exhaust system 2 between the pre-catalyst 6 and the main catalyst 7, downstream of the pre-catalyst 6 and upstream of the main catalyst 7.
- Another sensor 10 is arranged downstream of the main catalytic converter 7 in the exhaust system 2.
- the sensors 8, 8 ', 9 and 10 which are only shown schematically in FIG. 1, can be multi-component sensors, each of which is capable of sensing more than one pollutant component in the exhaust gas, or several in the drawing, for simplification, sensors summarized, each measuring different pollutant components separately.
- Optical multi-component sensors are preferably used for the sensors 8, 8 ', 9 and / or 10, which can determine the absolute concentration of pollutant components in the exhaust gas by means of a spectrographic method known per se.
- Such sensors work extremely quickly, with measuring times of ⁇ 500 microseconds. The short measuring times enable measuring intervals of, for example, 200 microseconds.
- such sensors have a sufficiently high physical and chemical stability, in particular as regards the parameters of temperature, pollution and chemical reactions in the exhaust gas.
- electro-chemical sensors for example based on zirconium dioxide with more than one oxygen pump, can also be used.
- the sensors used preferably also enable the measurement of the air / fuel ratio lambda.
- the internal combustion engine 1 has an exhaust gas recirculation device 14 with a controllable valve 15.
- the engine control unit 3 detects operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 1 in a manner known per se, for example throttle valve position, exhaust gas recirculation rate, ignition timing, injection timing of pre / main post-injections, injection pressure, tumble flap position, boost pressure, phaser of the camshaft, rotational speed, via sensors, not shown. Accelerator pedal position, load, steam travel speed and the like, and can influence these if necessary via actuators (not shown), a cable system 14 or the like being provided for communication between the engine control unit 3 and the sensors or actuators.
- operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 1 in a manner known per se, for example throttle valve position, exhaust gas recirculation rate, ignition timing, injection timing of pre / main post-injections, injection pressure, tumble flap position, boost pressure, phaser of the camshaft, rotational speed, via sensors, not shown. Accelerator pedal position, load, steam travel speed and the like, and can influence these if necessary via actuators (not shown), a cable system 14 or the like being provided for communication between the
- the engine control unit 3 comprises a lambda control device for regulating the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas or the lambda value.
- the lambda value can be used to influence the raw emission of pollutant components, in particular HC, CO and NOX.
- NOX storage catalytic converters are mainly used in conventional gasoline engines or as a pre-catalyst during a warm-up phase before a NOX storage catalytic converter has reached the temperature necessary for the storage of NOX in lean-burn gasoline engines. Since these internal combustion engines can always be operated with an excess of air, that is to say a lambda value> 1, they can reduce the NOX emission Although NOX storage catalytic converters are used, special measures such as increased exhaust gas recirculation or the injection of fuel into the exhaust system are required for storage discharge and NOX conversion with a lambda value of ⁇ 1.
- the method according to the invention can be used both in conventional and lean gasoline engines and in diesel internal combustion engines to optimize the raw emission of pollutant components.
- the emission value of at least two pollutant components of the exhaust gas is preferably determined with a sensor 8, 8 ′, which is arranged upstream of the catalytic converter device 6. These are preferably CO, CH or NOX components.
- the engine control unit 3 comprises a control device, to which the signal from the sensors 8, 8 'is fed.
- the control device which may also be designed as a separate component, has means for comparing the emission values of a first pollutant component with a predetermined maximum threshold value.
- the control device also has means to form a signal as a function of the comparison value, which signal is fed to further components of the engine control unit 3.
- the emission value of a second pollutant component is determined and compared with an assigned maximum value. If the emission value of the first pollutant component exceeds the maximum threshold value, an operating parameter is changed in accordance with the assigned signal from engine control unit 3 in order to lower the emission value of this pollutant component.
- the emission value of the second pollutant component is also monitored to determine whether it remains below the maximum value for this pollutant component.
- the first pollutant component to be lowered can be, for example, NOX and the second pollutant component HC or CO.
- the cumulative value of the two pollutant components HC and CO can also be used. Such a reduction in the NOX concentration at the expense of other components is particularly advantageous in a conventional gasoline engine with NOX problems, for example for SULEV vehicles (Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicel).
- CO can be selected as the pollutant component to be lowered and NOx and / or HC as the second pollutant component.
- the emission value of a pollutant component is determined and compared with a predetermined minimum threshold value. As soon as the minimum threshold value is undershot, the value of at least one operating parameter is increased to increase the emission value of this pollutant component to at most this threshold value, a reduction in the emission value for a second pollutant component being achieved at the same time.
- the exhaust gas recirculation rate is changed, for example, to change the emission values of the at least two pollutant components.
- Increasing the exhaust gas recirculation rate reduces the raw NOX emission of an internal combustion engine in a manner known per se.
- exhaust gas recirculation rates that are too high lead to increased HC emission values and
- Diesel engines in addition to increased soot formation. Further preferred operating parameters are the ignition timing and, in the case of internal combustion engines with direct injection, the injection timing of pre-injection, main injection and / or post-injection, and the injection pressure of the fuel. Other operating parameters influencing the emission of pollutants may include the position of a tumble flap, the value of a phaser of camshafts and / or the boost pressure when using a supercharging method.
- a control or regulation of the lambda value of the exhaust gas which is known per se, is preferably used, in particular using characteristic maps which are stored in the engine control unit 3.
- characteristic maps which are stored in the engine control unit 3.
- the position of a throttle valve or the amount of air drawn in can be used as control variables.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the conversion rate of a 3-way catalytic converter for CO and HC emissions as a function of the catalytic converter temperature.
- the conversion rate only exceeds a limit of 50% from a minimum temperature, the so-called "light-off temperature".
- the light-off temperature of the catalyst is generally different for different pollutant components, which means that the temperature-dependent temperature differs for the different pollutant components Emission spectrum downstream of the catalyst results.
- the raw emission spectrum of an internal combustion engine is adapted to the different conversion performance of a downstream catalytic converter at different temperatures. For this purpose, both the pollutant emission values measured downstream of a catalytic converter and modeled values stored in a data memory can be used.
- the light-off temperature for the pollutant component CO is lower than the pollutant component HC.
- increasing the CO concentration while lowering the HC concentration in the exhaust gas is an effective way of reducing the total emission of pollutants.
- the maximum threshold value or the minimum threshold value is changed accordingly depending on the operating temperature of the catalytic converter device.
- emission values of the exhaust gas are used according to the invention for the calibration of a suitable lambda probe, for example a broadband lambda probe.
- a suitable lambda probe for example a broadband lambda probe.
- Such probes are subject to aging processes, poisoning and specimen scatter, for example, which have a falsifying effect on the probe signal.
- the method according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the control system 20 shown in FIG. 3.
- 21 denotes an internal combustion engine with an exhaust system 22 and an associated catalytic converter 23.
- a broadband lambda probe 24 is arranged upstream of the catalytic converter 23.
- multi-component sensors 25, 25 ′ are arranged upstream or downstream of the catalyst device 23.
- the broadband lambda probe 24 can also be arranged downstream of the catalyst device 23.
- the signals of the broadband lambda probe 24 are fed to a calibration device 26.
- the calibration device 26 receives signals from the multi-component sensors 25 and / or 25 ' for evaluation. Since the concentration of pollutant components in the exhaust gas has a characteristic lambda dependency that can be stored, for example, in characteristic maps, a correction value for calibrating the broadband lambda probe 24 can be determined.
- the emission values determined by the sensors 25, 25 ′ are evaluated with corresponding lambda values, which are supplied by the broadband lambda probe 24, and a correction signal 27 is determined from the evaluation result.
- the conversion behavior of the catalyst device 23 is generally temperature-dependent, it is expedient to evaluate the emission values of the downstream multi-component sensor 25 ' as a function of the temperature of the catalyst device 23.
- a temperature sensor 27, which can be arranged as close as possible to the catalyst device 23, or a temperature modeling is provided, the signals of which are fed to the calibration device 26.
- emission values determined downstream of the catalyst device 23 are only evaluated by the calibration device 26 if the catalyst device 23 has a temperature within a preferred temperature window, in particular above a light-off temperature.
- the temperature window is preferably in a temperature range between 200 and 400 degrees Celsius.
- the conversion behavior of the catalytic converter device 23 is known at least above the light-off temperature and can be stored, for example, as a map in the calibration device 26.
- the emission values measured downstream of the catalytic converter device 23 by means of the sensor 25 ′ can, for example, have increased NOX values which indicate a lambda value> 1, or increased HC / CO or NH3 values can be measured which refer to a lambda Indicate value ⁇ 1.
- the emission values of the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine also depend in particular on the details of the combustion process
- the emission values of at least two pollutant components of the exhaust gas are used according to the invention for diagnosing the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- the emission values of at least two pollutant components are determined and compared with, for example, setpoints stored in a memory of the engine control unit 3.
- the comparison result is used to form a state signal which is characteristic of the operating state of the internal combustion engine, and a lambda value of the exhaust gas is changed as a function of the value of the state signal.
- the diagnosis preferably relates to the ignition behavior of the Internal combustion engine, in particular to identify carried-over combustion and / or misfiring.
- misfiring or delayed combustion can be seen, for example, in increased HC emission values of the internal combustion engine.
- a misfire has a characteristic different peak height and a different envelope of the emission values plotted against time than a delayed or incomplete combustion.
- the HC emission values increase with such an ignition behavior of the internal combustion engine, the NOX or CO emission values can behave differently, in particular, short-term lower NOX or CO values can occur if the ignition is not carried out or the combustion is delayed.
- operating parameters for example the exhaust gas recirculation rate
- the required value of the change in this operating parameter is evaluated and used to form the state signal that characterizes the operating state of the internal combustion engine.
- the change in the emission value of a further pollutant component as a function of the operating parameter is recorded and taken into account in the formation of the status signal.
- Combustion problems in particular misfires and / or delayed or incomplete combustion of the fuel, preferably occur in the lean phase of lean-burn internal combustion engines.
- the lambda value is reduced in the direction of a richer mixture.
- the speed of the internal combustion engine can also be determined and evaluated according to a further aspect of the invention.
- the fluctuations in the speed of the internal combustion engine are detected within a predetermined time interval and considered in the • diagnosis.
- a diagnosis for individual cylinders or at least cylinder banks can be carried out if the raw emission values in each case in a cylinder bank assigned separate exhaust manifolds, as shown in Figure 1, can be determined by separate sensors 8.
- the status signal can be shown on a display to enable manual intervention by a vehicle driver.
- a storage of the value of the status signal is also provided, so that the value of the status signal can be evaluated if necessary during service work or repair measures.
- sensors for the pollutant components CO, NO, NO2, NH3, S02, H2S, CH4 and further HC components are preferably used, which can be detected separately from one another at the same time.
- the measurement can take place continuously or discontinuously.
- optical, in particular infrared, sensors are preferably used. These enable very short measuring times, for example less than 500 microseconds and measuring intervals of less than 200 microseconds, for example, and a correspondingly quick and precise evaluation of the respective emission values.
- the method according to the invention creates a possibility of considerably improving the emission behavior of an internal combustion engine with little additional effort. It is particularly advantageous that the method can be used in the most varied types of internal combustion engines, conventional or lean-burn gasoline engines, diesel internal combustion engines or the like and in combination with various catalyst devices and strategies for reducing the exhaust gas emission values.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP02722045A EP1370759B1 (de) | 2001-03-10 | 2002-02-05 | Verfahren zum betrieb von brennkraftmaschinen |
DE50212147T DE50212147D1 (de) | 2001-03-10 | 2002-02-05 | Verfahren zum betrieb von brennkraftmaschinen |
US10/659,676 US6968679B2 (en) | 2001-03-10 | 2003-09-10 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
US11/256,601 US20060059895A1 (en) | 2001-03-10 | 2005-10-21 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10111586.5 | 2001-03-10 | ||
DE10111586A DE10111586A1 (de) | 2001-03-10 | 2001-03-10 | Verfahren zum Betrieb von Brennkraftmaschinen |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US10/659,676 Continuation US6968679B2 (en) | 2001-03-10 | 2003-09-10 | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2002073019A2 true WO2002073019A2 (de) | 2002-09-19 |
WO2002073019A3 WO2002073019A3 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
Family
ID=7677008
Family Applications (1)
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PCT/EP2002/001164 WO2002073019A2 (de) | 2001-03-10 | 2002-02-05 | Verfahren zum betrieb von brennkraftmaschinen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US6968679B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1370759B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10111586A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002073019A2 (de) |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007031365A1 (de) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bestimmung der gaskomponenten im abgas eines verbrennungsmotors |
US8051834B2 (en) | 2008-05-14 | 2011-11-08 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method for controlling the EGR and the throttle valves in an internal combustion engine |
EP2826968A4 (de) * | 2012-03-14 | 2016-01-20 | Toyota Motor Co Ltd | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung für einen verbrennungsmotor |
WO2013190365A3 (fr) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-03-06 | Air B.E. | Procede de controle et de reduction des emissions polluantes de vehicules |
WO2015014805A1 (de) * | 2013-07-29 | 2015-02-05 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Verfahren zum betreiben einer brennkraftmaschine |
US9803575B2 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2017-10-31 | Man Diesel & Turbo Se | Method for operating an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060059895A1 (en) | 2006-03-23 |
EP1370759B1 (de) | 2008-04-23 |
DE10111586A1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
EP1370759A2 (de) | 2003-12-17 |
DE50212147D1 (de) | 2008-06-05 |
WO2002073019A3 (de) | 2002-12-12 |
US20040045278A1 (en) | 2004-03-11 |
US6968679B2 (en) | 2005-11-29 |
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