Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
  • F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
  • F24D3/04—Hot-water central heating systems with the water under high pressure
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
  • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
  • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
  • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
  • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
  • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
  • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
  • F24F11/85—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps

Definitions

• the present invention relates to heating and air conditioning piping units equipped for a very high-rise building, and more particularly to a system and method of a multi-stage pressure distribution and pressure regulation for heating and air conditioning piping units, and a very high-rise building utilizing the same, wherein head pressure which is critical in heating and air conditioning piping units of the very high-rise building can be stably and correctly controlled.
• thermo-fluid supplied from the thermal equipment to upper stories of the building.
• pressure of the thermo-fluid becomes a critical factor, the thermal equipment should be distributively installed in intermediate stories or the topmost story of the building.
• a facilities system for use in the very high-rise building should be properly designed in consideration of the characteristics of the very high-rise building, unlike that employed in a general building.
• the present invention is directed to a multi-stage pressure distribution and regulation system for heating and air conditioning piping units, which can be stably applied even to an very high-rise building where a high head pressure acts under severe conditions by improving the above technology; a pressure control method of the same; and an very high-rise building utilizing the same.
• Heating and air conditioning piping units according to the present invention is constructed by vertically zoning a very high-rise building into multi-stage areas on a height basis so that head pressure can be controlled at an appropriate pressure within a setting limit. Thermo-fluid circulation is carried out such that thermo-fluid can be pressurized and supplied by booster pumps of booster pumping systems constructed in a multi-stage manner.
• the water pressure acting on the supply piping portion can be firmly kept safe by means of the check valve function of pump control valves and installation of check valves on the downstream sides of the booster pumps.
• control of water pressure acting on the return side piping portion requires a high degree of engineering, and application of knowledge and technology concerning fluid mechanics, kinematics of machinery, thermo- fluid engineering and construction equipment are also required.
• head pressure within the system is controlled by employing a pressure reducing and sustaining device that is a pressure control device for reducing the water pressure within the piping system to an appropriate pressure.
• a pressure reducing and sustaining device that is a pressure control device for reducing the water pressure within the piping system to an appropriate pressure.
• Such device functions to cut off a main device when the upstream side pressure becomes lower than a predetermined pressure and to prevent backflow by cutting off the main device when the downstream side pressure becomes higher than the predetermined pressure.
• This pressure maintaining function allows pressure within the system to be always stably maintained within a range of design.
• a multi-stage pressure distribution and pressure regulation system for heating and air conditioning units, comprising: one or more heating and cooling loads for areas vertically zoned depending on head pressure; a heat source supply system for supplying thermo-fluid to the respective heating and cooling loads for the vertically zoned areas; one or more booster pumping systems which are provided between the heat source supply system and the respective heating and cooling loads and each of which includes booster pumps for transferring the thermo-fluid from the heat source supply system to the respective heating and cooling loads and pump control valves for maintaining a predetermined head pressure; and one or more pressure regulating systems which are installed between output side return lines of the respective heating and cooling loads and the heat source supply system and each of which includes at least one pressure reducing and sustaining device for reducing the pressure of the thermo-fluid outputted from each heating and cooling load and maintaining it at the predetermined head pressure, wherein the head pressure acting in proportion to the heights of stories of a building is distributed in a multi-stage manner within a head pressure
• FIG. 1 is a systematic diagram of heating and air conditioning piping units of an embodiment according to the present invention
• FIG. 2 is a conceptual view of a system for controlling the system of the present invention
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing thermo-fluid circulation within heating and air conditioning piping units of the present invention
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing thermo-fluid circulation within heating and air conditioning piping units of the present invention in a case where a district heat source supply system is employed as a heat supply means;
• FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the constitution of a pressure reducing and sustaining device provided for a pressure regulating system according to the present invention.
• the present invention can be embodied by dividing an entire heating and cooling load into those for a plurality of zoned areas depending on head pressure according to the heights of stories of a building, a preferred embodiment of the present invention to be described below will be explained with heating and air conditioning piping units in the building in which the entire heating and cooling load is divided into those for first, second and third stages of the zoned areas depending on the head pressure according to the heights of stories of the building.
• the heights of respective stages of the zoned areas can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on piping material, building conditions and the like.
• a multi-stage pressure distribution and pressure regulation system comprises a heating and cooling load 400 consisting of a first-stage heating and cooling load 410, a second-stage heating and cooling load 420, and a third-stage heating and cooling load 430; a booster pumping system 300; and a pressure regulating system 600.
• the multi-stage pressure distribution and pressure regulation system is connected with a heat source supply system 100 through piping units for controlling air conditioning water.
• Heating and air conditioning piping units according to the present invention may employ steel pipes, copper pipes, stainless steel pipes or the like.
• the heating and cooling load 400 consists of an air handling unit (AHU), a fan coil unit (FCU), a convector and the like.
• the heat source supply system 100 comprises a number of thermal equipment such as a refrigerator R, a boiler B, a water cooling/heating device RB; a first circulation pump PPl for circulating and driving thermo-fluid; a pump control valve PCNl interlocked with the first circulation pump PPl; and a pressure relieving and sustaining valve RSN1.
• the heat source supply system 100 consists of general thermal equipment such as a refrigerator R, a boiler B, a water cooling/heating device RB equipped within a building, a district heat source supply system, such as a combined heat and power plant, for supplying thermo-fluid from the exterior of the building may be used.
• the piping system is constructed such that a machine room receives the thermo-fluid from the district heat source supply system and transmit it to the booster pumping system, and that the thermo-fluid returned and collected via the heating and cooling loads is transmitted back to the district heat supply system.
• the booster pumping system 300 and the pressure regulating system 600 are intended to perform pressure control at each stage by constructing them to be vertically zoned in a multi-stage manner depending on the head pressure of the building, so that pressure control can be stably carried out within the entire system.
• a pressure control range of the first-stage booster pumping system is maintained at 7 to 25kg/cm 2 in consideration of safety and economical efficiency
• the story height per one story in the very high-rise building is generally 4.0 to 4.5m
• the head pressure generated when each area zoned in the building is composed of twenty stories would be in the order of 8 to lOkg/cm .
• the booster pumping system 300 is constructed such that booster pumps PP2 should be installed at respective areas to circulate and supply the thermo-fluid, thereby controlling the head pressure in a pressure range for safe use.
• the booster pumping system 300 includes booster pumps PP2 and pump control valves PCV2 connected to the booster pumps PP2 in series.
• the booster pumping system 300 has a function of preventing a surging phenomenon upon start and stop of the booster pumps PP2, and a function of instantly closing the valve to prevent thermo-fluid backflow upon stop of electricity supply, in order to stably optimize control of the system by minimizing pressure fluctuation upon control of the number of pumps to be operated.
• the booster pumping system 300 further includes pressure relieving and sustaining valves RSN2 connected to the booster pumps PP2 and pump control valves PCN2 in parallel to maintain pressure, which is changed when 2-way valves V2 of the heating and cooling load 400 are opened and closed, at a predetermined pressure irrespective of an inlet side potential or flow rate changes required for the system.
• a check valve (not shown) is further installed on a lower end of each booster pump PP2 of the booster pumping system 300.
• the check valve constructed as such prevents pressure on an upstream side with respect to the booster pump from acting on the downstream side thereof upon stop of the booster pump so that excessive water pressure cannot act on the system.
• a surge tank device unit 500 is installed on the topmost portion of a return piping system, functions to adjust pressure fluctuation factors, which are generated when pressure control devices are opened or closed at different timing by means of a pressure relief valve RN or a check valve, prevents the surge action when the control valves are rapidly closed, functions as a water supply tank, and relieves pressure in the system by opening the pressure relief valve RN when rapid pressure expansion is generated.
• the booster pumping system 300 is vertically zoned in a multi-stage manner by setting up water pressure control ranges in consideration of characteristics, conditions, stability and the like within head pressure for safe use at each stage, and the thermo-fluid is pressurized and supplied by a booster pumping system of each zoned area. Upon stop of the pumps, as described above, the mechanical check valves of the booster pumps are closed so that the upstream side pressure does not act on the downstream side of the pumps.
• the height of each of the vertically zoned areas can be increased. That is, the height of each vertically zoned area may be increased such that its head pressure is larger than the head pressure of 7 to 25kg/cm 2 within the pressure range for safe use of the piping line and the pumps, and then, the number of and installation space for machine facilities such as a booster pump can be reduced.
• the head pressure within the piping system for the heating and cooling load at each zoned area is caused to be maintained at pressure for safe use of equipment (5 to lOkg/cm ).
• the pressure regulating system prevents negative pressure creation due to water falling and controls reduction of the high head pressure.
• the characteristics of the head pressure control device for reducing the head pressure in the system to an appropriate pressure performs the pressure reduction function, and a backflow prevention function that the main valve is caused to be closed when the upstream side pressure becomes lower than a predetermined pressure as well as when the downstream side pressure becomes higher than a predetermined pressure.
• the pressure regulating system should perform a pressure maintaining function that thermo-fluid pressure in the system is caused to be always stably maintained within the design range.
• the pressure regulating system for meeting the requirements is constructed as follows.
• the pressure regulating system 600 includes pressure reducing and sustaining devices PRSD.
• Each pressure reducing and sustaining device PRSD reduces a high pressure of an inlet side thereof (upstream side) to a low pressure of an outlet side thereof (downstream side), and accurately maintains a predetemiined outlet pressure irrespective of a change in the inlet side pressure or a flow rate.
• the valve is closed when the outlet side pressure becomes higher than the predetermined pressure as well as when the inlet side pressure becomes lower than the predetermined pressure.
• the pressure regulating system constructed as such is vertically zoned in a multi-stage manner in consideration of the pressure control range and characteristics and constructed to include a first stage or more stages so as to reduce the pressure of thermo- fluid, the occurrence of cavitation can be avoided.
• the control range of the head pressure in the pressure regulating system is 7 to 25kg/cm in the same way as the booster pumping system. This range is desirable in view of stability and economical efficiency. Since the heat source supply system 100, the first-stage booster pumping system
• the first-stage pressure regulating system 610 may be installed on the basement floor of building to constitute a machine room 200, installation space thereof can be reduced.
• an air- or nitrogen-pressurized diaphragm type closed expansion tank ET is installed in the machine room 200 to absorb and regulate pressure fluctuation occurring upon start and stop of the pumps or due to hunting and offset phenomena of the pressure reducing and sustaining valves, the predetermined pressure in the system can be always stably maintained.
• Reference numeral M denoted within the machine room 200 in the figures designates a flow meter for measuring a flow rate of the returned thermo-fluid.
• the flow meter M is provided with a flow detector 220, and signals generated from the detection of the flow meter M are inputted into a system control panel 210.
• CD Pressure reducing and sustaining device CD Pressure reducing and sustaining device
• Each pressure reducing and sustaining device PRSD performs two independent functions: the function of reducing a high pressure of the inlet side thereof (upstream side) to a low pressure of the outlet side thereof, and the function of correctly maintaining the predetermined outlet side pressure irrespective of a change in the inlet side pressure or the flow rate. That is, the high pressure of the inlet side thereof (upstream side) is reduced to the low pressure of the outlet side thereof, and the predetermined outlet side pressure is accurately maintained irrespective of the change in the inlet side pressure or the flow rate.
• a first pressure sensor SSI and a second pressure sensor SS2 which are pressure sensing units, and a first service valve GV1 and a second service valve GN2 are positioned at both sides of the pressure reducing and sustaining valve PRSN
• Reference numeral ST designates a filter.
• the pressure reducing and sustaining device constructed as such maintains the inlet side pressure at the predetermined pressure while always maintaining the outlet side pressure, which is a reference pressure, at the predetermined pressure. That is, when the inlet side pressure becomes lower, the lowered pressure is sensed by the first pressure sensor SSI, and the pressure reducing and sustaining valve PRSN is automatically closed through pilot control. Then, the inlet side pressure is raised until a certain pressure is reached and maintained. If the outlet side pressure becomes higher due to added pressure or returned pressure, this is sensed by the second pressure sensor SS2. Then, the pressure reducing and sustaining valve PRSV is closed to prevent backflow.
• the pressure reducing and sustaining valves be arranged to be connected with each other in parallel as described below.
• valves When various changes in the flow rate are required, if one valve is selected for a large flow rate, this valve should meet both small and large flow rate while reducing the pressure to a desired pressure. When a very small flow rate is required, a valve seat should be opened only in a little amount, and then, immediately closed. However, if this process is repeated, a chattering phenomenon as well as excessive wear of an operating portion thereof are generated. This becomes a cause of noise generation.
• This problem can be solved by installing two valves, i.e., a large-diameter valve and a small-diameter valve, in parallel. An additional valve may be separately installed as a spare part to enhance stability.
• the pressure relieving and sustaining valves RSN1, RSN2 serve to maintain the predetermined inlet side pressure at a constant value irrespective of a change in the inlet side potential or the flow rate required by the system, and function to alleviate a load by bypassing a portion of the pressure so that only constant pressure can be supplied.
• the pump control valves PCNl, PCN2 function to eliminate the surging phenomenon within the piping system generated upon start and stop of the pump, and are installed in the discharge side piping of the booster pump PP2 and the first circulation pump PPl to control discharge pressure.
• the booster pumps PP2 are installed to be connected with each other in series in a multi-stage manner, if necessary, in order to supply the thermo-fluid in the supply piping to a higher position, and the booster pump at each stage is constructed by connecting two or more pumps having rated capacity in parallel so as to control the number of pumps to be operated by the system control panel depending on values measured by the flow meter. Accordingly, since the booster pumps can be controlled in response to various changes in the flow rate, energy consumption can be reduced.
• the vertical height (pressure range) of each zoned area is determined in consideration of pressure resistance strength and characteristics of the piping and equipment and the like.
• Operation control of the booster pump may be made by configuring a sequence such that energy consumption can be reduced by control of the number of pumps to be operated and variable flow rate control (control of the number of rotations), or by stopping the pumps in response to the pressure in the system and controlling the number of pumps to be operated depending on the load.
• variable flow rate control control of the number of rotations
• the expansion tank ET is provided for a water return header of the heat source supply system to absorb, relieve and regulate expansion pressure.
• it is preferred to use an air- or nitrogen-pressurized closed tank, and auxiliary equipment such as an air compressor, a relief valve, a supplementary water line and an alarm device is provided thereto.
• the expansion tank Upon operation of the system, when the pressure in the water return header becomes higher than the predetermined pressure, the expansion tank always maintains the pressure in the system at a constant value by absorbing and regulating this pressure.
• the surge tank prevents the surging phenomenon due to rapid changes in the flow rate or velocity upon operation of the system, and opens the pressure relief valve RN or safety valve to drop the pressure in response to rapid pressure changes.
• a check valve CN functions to prevent backflow, and also functions as a supplementary water tank.
• the pressure in the machine room 200 which is a reference pressure in the present invention, should be always maintained at a constant value.
• the system control panel 210 constructed as shown in FIG. 2 is operated so that the first circulation pump PPl, the booster pumps PP2 at each stage and thermal equipment R, B, RB are sequentially operated.
• thermo-fluid flow will be explained in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3.
• the system control panel 210 is operated so that the first circulation pump PPl of the heat source supply system 100 and respective booster pumps PP2 of the booster pumping system 300 can be driven.
• the first circulation pump PPl of the heat source supply system 100 is driven so that the thermo-fluid can be transferred to the booster pumping system 300 via the thermal equipment R, RB, B.
• the respective booster pumps PP2 of the first-stage booster pumping system 310, the second-stage booster pumping system 320 and the third-stage booster pumping system 330 are operated so that the thermo-fluid can be transferred to the respective heating and cooling loads 410, 420, 430 via the pump control valves PCN2.
• thermo-fluid supplied to the first-stage heating and cooling load 410 the thermo-fluid outputted from the heat source supply system 100 is directly transferred to the load 410 via the first-stage booster pumping system 310.
• thermo-fluid supplied to the second-stage heating and cooling load 420 the thermo-fluid is distributed at an appropriate pressure by the first-stage booster pumping system 310 is transferred to the load 420 via the second-stage booster pumping system 320.
• thermo-fluid supplied to the third-stage heating and cooling load 430 the thermo-fluid is distributed at an appropriate pressure from the first- and second-stage booster pumping systems 310, 320 is transferred to the load 430 via the third- stage booster pumping system 330.
• the number of booster pumps PP2 to be operated at each stage is controlled depending on the load by the system control panel 210, and changes in the flow rate and pressure generated upon stop of the pumps are controlled by the control function of the sequential pump control valves PCN2 to ensure silent operation of the system.
• the 2-way valve N2 provided for the heating and cooling load 400 is closed due to a change in the load, the pressure in the water supply piping is raised. At this time, the raised pressure is controlled by the control function of the booster pumping system 300.
• the pressure relieving and sustaining valves RSN2 serves as emergency and complementary devices.
• the pressure relief valve RN or safety valve of the surge tank ST is operated at the topmost portion of the piping system for the respective stages.
• thermo-fluid which has passed through the heating and cooling load 400 is controlled to be reduced via the multi-stage pressure regulating system 600 which is installed at areas vertically zoned according to the heights of stories of the building.
• the thermo-fluid repeatedly circulates while maintaining the pressure in the machine room 200 at a constant value.
• the head pressure in the respective stages of the pressure regulating system 600 is set in the order of the predetermined pressure range (7 to 25kg/cm ) at the vertically zoned areas as described above in consideration of economical efficiency and safety.
• the operation pressure can be set up to a value higher than the head pressure generated upon stop of the pump by 2 to 3kg/cm . Further, the pressure fluctuation due to the hunting and offset phenomena of the pressure reducing and sustaining valves PRSN is absorbed and regulated by the expansion tank ET provided for the water return header.
• the pump control valve Upon stop of the pump, the pump control valve is slowly closed, and thus, the flow rate is reduced and the pressure drops.
• the valve is automatically closed to maintain a hydrostatic head pressure.
• the entire heating and cooling load is divided into those for the vertically zoned area depending on the head pressure generated according to the heights of stories of the building, so that the head pressure at each area can be controlled within a predetermined range for safe use.
• the present invention can be applied to all buildings irrespective of the building heights.
• the present invention can be technically applied to any buildings having an infinite height.
• heavy thermal equipment such as a refrigerator, a heat exchanger and a boiler, which has been installed in intermediate stories or the rooftop of the building in the prior art, can be operated in a state where it is installed in the basement floor of the building.
• thermo-fluid is transferred directly to the heating and cooling load from the basement floor of the building through the piping system, so that heat loss can be minimized and thus heat transfer efficiency can be maximized. Accordingly, an energy saving effect can be obtained.
• the thermal equipment can be centralized and managed in the basement floor of the building, there are advantages in that efficient operation and management of the air conditioning facilities is allowed, in that maintenance of the thermal equipment and system becomes easier, and in that the air conditioning facilities can be operated even small manpower, and thus, management expenses can be reduced.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
• Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-11-14 CA CA002429006A patent/CA2429006A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-14 EP EP01998777A patent/EP1354168A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-11-14 US US10/432,978 patent/US20040026075A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-11-14 JP JP2002546131A patent/JP3730960B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-11-14 AU AU2002221145A patent/AU2002221145B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2001-11-14 AU AU2114502A patent/AU2114502A/xx active Pending
  • 2001-11-14 WO PCT/KR2001/001941 patent/WO2002044626A1/ko active Application Filing
  • 2001-11-14 CN CNA018219527A patent/CN1633576A/zh active Pending

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