Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B08—CLEANING
  • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
  • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
  • B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
  • B03B9/063—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial the refuse being concrete slurry
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B08—CLEANING
  • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
  • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto 
  • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
  • B28C7/0007—Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
  • B28C7/02—Controlling the operation of the mixing
  • B28C7/022—Controlling the operation of the mixing by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
  • C04B22/002—Water
  • C04B22/0046—Waste slurries or solutions used as gauging water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
  • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
  • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/58—Construction or demolition [C&D] waste

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for controlling a concrete sludge water, such as the water used for producing a ready- mixed concrete or a precast concrete, by washing a mixing drum or other container apparatus in which the concrete was mixed or in which it is adhered, the washing involving a retarder-containing sludge water; removing aggregates from the wash sludge water; and reusing the sludge water thus obtained as part of a mixing water for a fresh batch of concrete, on the next day or after the next day, without discharging waste from the concrete plant.
• the invention permits detection of excessive or insufficient retarder amounts added to the sludge water, and allows operators to cope instantly with these circumstances.
• Patent No. 265137 Japanese Patent Publication (Kokai) No. Hei 2-263100/ 1990 (Patent No. 265137), it is known to wash a mixing apparatus (in which the concrete adheres) with a retarder- containing water, separating aggregates from the wash water, storing the sludge water thus obtained in a manner so as to retain the activity of the concrete therein, and reusing the sludge water in mixing water for a fresh batch of concrete on or after the next day of operations. No less than 200 concrete plants currently employ this method and consequently ceased discharging deactivated concrete wastes. As the generation of concrete-polluted water has ceased, there has been environmental advantages and the conservation of resources.
• concrete plants involve many open-air operations, and the water content, aggregates, and other constituents of concrete can vary from day-to-day.
• Sand and gravel are natural materials used in concrete, and their compositions may vary.
• concrete is an industrial product, there are variations in the components due to variations in the practices and materials of each manufacturer, the equipment of the concrete plant, and other factors. Accordingly, the accurate control of concrete is difficult.
• Various types of concrete admixtures have been developed, and concrete is produced according to the specification of a construction company and transported by an agitator vehicle to the construction site by skilled technologists who are needed for sufficient product control.
• the amount of a retarder to be added is not fixed and may vary greatly due to the changes in the seasons. For example, if the day after a mixing and pouring is a holiday, a retarder will be added in a large quantity. Also, the concentration of solids can also greatly affect the amount of retarder in the sludge water. Thus, maintaining control over the amount of retarder added into the concrete at the plant has been rather difficult.
• Another problem is that if the retarder amount is deficient, the concrete will have lost some of its activity, and when mixed with fresh concrete it will be difficult to mix, and this can result in a concrete mix that is naturally deteriorated. In order to retain quality, the provider of the concrete sometimes disposes of the concrete, an action which is contrary to the purpose of using retarder technology in the first place.
• An objective of the present invention is to avoid the problems of prior art practice in controlling retarder levels by providing sensors in a communication system to transmit a signal, corresponding to the amount of retarder in a retarder tank, after completing an operation wherein a retarder is mixed into a concrete (e.g., concrete for ready-mix or precast, for example), to a control center; and the signal which has detected the amount and the concentration of the sludge water in a sludge tank to the control center are provided to avoid problems caused by introducing excess retarder during washing operations involving mixing drums, containers, or other devices in which concrete has been mixed with a retarder-containing water, separating aggregates from the washed water and reusing the sludge water thus obtained as the part of a mixing water of fresh concrete on and the after the next.
• a concrete e.g., concrete for ready-mix or precast, for example
• an objective is to provide a method of controlling a concrete sludge water, a method involving detecting whether an excess or deficiency of retarder is added to sludge water. This allows the operator to make an adjustment, thereby avoiding the need to have to discharge waste concrete and/ or sludge water from the plant.
• the operator may wash the mixer or apparatus in which the concrete is adhered with a retarder-containing water, remove aggregates from the wash water, and reuse the sludge water as the part of a mixing water for fresh concrete on or after the next day of operation.
• An exemplary method of the invention thus comprises washing an apparatus to which concrete has been adhered with a retarder- containing water, removing aggregates from the washed water and reusing the sludge water as the part of a mixing water of fresh concrete on or after the next day of operation, the invention being characterized by providing, in a communication system connected to a control center, a first sensor operative to transmit a signal to control center corresponding to the amount of retarder in a retarder tank after completion of operations (e.g., after washing out the mixing truck) and a second in the communication system connected to a control center, the second sensor operative to transmit a signal to the control center corresponding to the amount and/ or concentration of sludge water in a sludge tank.
• control center thereby permits dosage of retarder into the sludge tank to be adjusted more accurately, so as to avoid problems that can be caused by introducing excessive amounts of retarder. Further advantages and benefits of the invention will be further comprehended in view of the following detailed descriptions that follow.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary method and system of the present invention, wherein an exemplary waste sludge water reuse system is connected to a control system, which in turn can be connected to one or more waste sludge water re-use systems.
• Fig. 1 illustrates that two or more exemplary waste sludge water re-use systems (each system comprising the components designated generally as at 1-6, 8, 9, and 11) can be connected to a control system 10, that can be located on the same premises or at a different premises.
• the two sets of waste sludge water re-use systems can be located on the same or different premises from each other, and/ or on the same or different premises from the control system 10.
• the control system 10 can be connected to any number of different users (i.e., different waste sludge water re-use systems) by telephone or internet.
• the entire sludge water 2 is stored in a sludge tank 5, as shown in Fig. 1, and slowly stirred in the presence of a necessary and sufficient amount of a retarder.
• the amount of the sludge water to be used in mixing fresh concrete on the next day together with the amounts of concrete and fresh water to be reduced in accordance therewith is calculated.
• a sensor 11 such as an ultrasonic level sensor, to transmit to a control center or system 10 a signal corresponding to the level of the retarder in tank 4.
• the tank level is detected after completion of operations.
• an abnormally small or large amounts of added retarder may be sensed by statistical comparison from data accumulated by the control center 10, and this can result for example in a report to the concrete plant so that the abnormal retarder level can brought to the attention of personnel at the concrete plant, or, as another example, the dispenser 6 from the retarder tank 4 can be opened or closed depending on the circumstances.
• an ultrasonic level sensor shown for illustrative purposes designated as 8 at the upper right corner of the sludge water tank 5
• an ultrasonic concentration sensor 9 or the like is provided, as shown for illustrative purposes at the lower right corner of the sludge water tank 5
• the amount and concentration of the sludge water can detected by these sensors. This information obtained thereby can also be transmitted to control center 10. From the amount and concentration of the sludge water in sludge water tank 5, the amount of concrete to be kept active can be calculated.
• the data collected may be used for determining whether relatively large or small amounts of retarder exist in the sludge water, and trouble can be avoided by having the control center report the abnormally large or small retarder amounts to the particular concrete plant, by having the control center open or close the dispenser to adjust the retarder dispenser accordingly, such as on a day to day basis.
• the data can also be used to adjust retarder additions when sludge water is subsequently used for making fresh concrete.
• a reducing sugar such as glucose
• test paper that indicates by color changes
• an exemplary method of the invention comprises detecting the amount of the retarder in the sludge water by adding a reducing sugar to the retarder to visually determine the activity of the concrete in the sludge water by the color reaction with said reducing sugar.
• Further exemplary methods comprise detecting the amount of the retarder in the sludge water by moistening with the sludge water a test paper obtained by allowing a filter paper to adsorb a reagent to exhibit a visually recognizable color reaction with the reducing sugar and drying the moistened filter paper.
• the reducing sugar is preferably glucose, dextrose, or mixture thereof; and the reagent preferably comprises glucose oxides, peroxides, o-toluidine, or mixtures thereof.
• apparatus refers to a mixing truck, tank, or other vessel to which concrete (e.g., ready-mix, precast) has been adhered and which requires a washing operation.
• apparatus may refer to the drum of an agitator vehicle (e.g., ready mix truck) or to mixing containers as are used at the concrete plant sites where fresh concrete is produced.
• the term "retarder” as used herein means and refers to all compounds having the effect of generally retarding the setting of concrete, including hydroxycarboxylic acid compounds such as gluconic acid, citric acid and tartaric acid; sugars such as glucose, sucrose and lactose; aminophosphoric acid compounds and their salts, e g., aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid; water reducing agents of ligninsulfonic acids and salts thereof which have no accelerating action; and silicofluorides.
• sludge water means and refers to a suspension of concrete or cement which still has activity (e.g., having some ability to harden or to harden further).
• An agitator vehicle 1 (e.g., a ready mix truck), which is but one example of an apparatus to which concrete is adhered, is washed with sludge water from a sludge tank 2 which holds the wash water on a temporary basis. Subsequently, from this wash water, aggregates such as sand and/ or gravel are removed/ recovered using in an aggregate separator 3, arid the resulting sludge water is again recovered in temporary sludge tank 2. Thus, the sludge water may be repeatedly used.
• the sludge water when a sufficient amount of a retarder from retarder tank 4 is added to the sludge water, which is also the wash water, the sludge water can be repeatedly used in washing operations while continuing to maintain the activity of the concrete gradually to increase the concrete concentration in the sludge water.
• the sludge water reaches such a high concentration that causes an inconvenience in washing, the sludge water is transferred from the temporary tank 2 to sludge tank 5, further diluted with fresh water, and a retarder is added to permit further processing.
• the sludge water when it reaches or exceeds a predetermined concentration, it is stored in sludge tank 5 at a concentration of 20% or less (by weight). Because the sludge water is stored in the sludge tank 5 in a concentrated state for anywhere from one day to less than a week later, a slow stirring means is used to prevent settling of the concrete. Retarder is added into the sludge tank 5 from retarder tank 4 through a dispenser 6 in an appropriate amount. The control over the appropriate amount dispensed is described below. When used in the production of fresh concrete, the sludge from sludge tank 5 should preferably not be added whereby the concrete contributing to the concrete feedstock exceeds 3% (wt.).
• a concrete plant which produces fresh concrete is designated at 7 in Fig. 1.
• Surplus sludge water that cannot be added to the concrete feedstock can be mixed with fresh concrete on the next day or a day thereafter. Subsequently, it will follow that on some days, the entire amount of sludge water can be used, and, on other days, only a portion of the sludge water can be used.
• the wash water is treated and transferred from temporary wash tank 2 and transferred to sludge tank 5.
• the appropriate amount of retarder to be added to the concentrated sludge water for purposes of storage, can be determined by those of ordinary skill and will depend on seasonal influences, temperature, storage time, condensation, and other factors.
• a sensor 8 for detecting the volume of the sludge water and a concentration sensor 9 for detecting concentration of the sludge water are provided in the sludge tank 5. Signals from these sensors are transmitted to a control center 10 to enable calculation of the appropriate amount of the retarder to be primarily added.
• a sensor 11 for detecting the amount (e.g., volume) of the retarder is provided in the retarder tank 4, and a signal therefrom is transmitted to control center 10, such that the volume of retarder used and the volume of the retarder after completion of daily wash-out operations can be determined.
• the volume of the retarder used in one day together with the signal of the day before (and signals from prior days as well) can be detected.
• the data is collected and can be treated on a statistical basis, because the total amount and the concentration of the sludge water discharged from each day's operations and the daily amount of the retarder used can be calculated. This capability enables review as to whether the amount of retarder added has been too great or too little.
• all the signals from the sensors can be detected.
• control center can report this result to the particular plant and/ or transmit a signal to carry out a further operation, such as to open or close the valve from the dispenser.
• Sensor devices suitable for use in the present invention such as sensors for detecting volume of fluids, are available.
• sensors that utilize reflection principles based on ultrasonic waves and the like.
• sensors are known based on ultrasonic operation, specific gravity methods, electrical detection based on variation of impedance, and the like.
• optical sensors are available for detecting concentration based on detection of light scattered by colloidal systems.
• the aforementioned communication system which may be used for rendering the sensors in communication with the control center 10 may be any system that can accomplish the above described objectives, including, for example, the NTT-DOPA network, a telephone network, the I-mode (portable telephone) internet, the intranet, and other known means.
• the means for transmitting signals from each plant is not limited.
• the transmission means permits transmission to be confirmed, and for the ability of the control center 10 to send warnings to each plant, if necessary or required, depending on the mode of the returned signals.
• further exemplary methods of the invention comprising detecting the amount of retarder in the sludge water by adding a reducing sugar to the retarder to visually recognize the activity of the concrete in the sludge water by the color reaction with said reducing sugar.
• the detecting reagent biochemically detects hydrogen peroxide to be formed by using an enzyme such as glucose oxidase and galactose oxidase in the enzymatic method or detects by a chemical method.
• glucose forms hydrogen peroxide by the action of glucose oxidase, and then oxidizes o-toluidine by the action of peroxidase to give a blue color from a yellow color depending on the concentration of glucose.
• This reaction is sensitive, detectable in a short period of time, and is specific to glucose.
• the Bertrand method of adding a Fehling's solution to a sample liquid, and titrating C 2O which precipitates depending on the amount of the reducing sugar with H2SO4 or a standard solution of acidic potassium permanganate the Somogyi method of titrating I2 which CU2O having been produced by reducing CuSO4 with a reducing sugar in alkalinity liberates with KIO3 + KI with Na2SO3 or allowing the I2 to give a color with a starch solution and the like.
• the visual recognition in the present invention means a method by which one can judge with the naked eye without using a specific instrument.
• the color reaction by which the presence of a reducing sugar can surely be judged is preferred.
• Exemplary concrete sludge water re-use systems of the invention therefore comprise: a retarder dispenser 4 having a sensor 11 operative to generate a signal corresponding to the level of retarder in a retarder tank 4; and a sludge tank 5 having a sensor 8 operative to generate a signal corresponding to the level of sludge water in the sludge tank 5, the sludge tank further having a sensor 9 operative to generate a signal corresponding to the concentration of sludge in the sludge water contained in the sludge tank 9.
• the signals can be fed into a control center, or, as previously mentioned, into a communication system the renders the sensors communicative with a control center elsewhere on the premises or located on an entirely different premises. It is also within contemplation of the present invention that exemplary concrete sludge water re-use systems can involve numerous sets of tanks and sensors, located on different premises, operative to communicate with the same master center 10.
• Example 1 The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
• Example 1 The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
• a solution containing 20% of sodium gluconate and 15% of glucose was used as the retarder.
• the amounts of the retarder used every day since the first day of an month were 21, 18, 23, 0, 17, 19 and 93 £, respectively.
• the day on which no retarder was added (0 £) was a holiday. Since 93 £ was an abnormal amount, this fact was reported to plant A, and the next morning the retarder in sludge tank 5 was examined by dipping a test paper in the sludge water.
• the test paper was the one obtained by impregnating a filter paper with a mixed solution of 450 units of glucose oxidase, 14 units of peroxidase and 8.4 mg of o-toluidine and drying the resulting filter paper.
• the test paper turned fresh blue, and a danger of sending concrete with the use of this sludge water for fresh concrete as usual which would not set could be avoided.
• the amount of the sludge water in sludge tank 5 in a plant A was detected by first sensor 8 and the sludge concentration was detected by concentration sensor 9. Furthermore, the amount of the retarder was detected by second sensor 11.
• the retarder used was the same as in Example 1. The amount of the retarder used, the concentration of the sludge water and the amount of the sludge water which were detected in 12 days were shown in Table 1.
• the amount of the retarder used per day is about 15 to 22 £ .
• the amount of the retarder used was a bit too much, but the concentration and the amount of the sludge water were both extremely high on this day. This predicts a large amount of returned fresh concrete (e.g., ready mix) and the remaining ready mixed concrete, and accordingly requires a large amount of the retarder, and thus the control center did not send out any warning.
• the present invention provides numerous benefits: such as, avoiding discharging wastes from the concrete plant; minimizing over- dosing or under-dosing retarders into the sludge water; permitting the detection of retarder dosage level after operations are completed and allowing operators to cope instantly with dosage problems; avoiding the dangers of making fresh concrete with sludge water having excessive or insufficient retarder levels; and making concrete with deactivated concrete.
• the present invention provides numerous benefits and avoids the dangers and disadvantages of prior art practices.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
• Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
• Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-07-05 JP JP2000203445A patent/JP2002018828A/ja active Pending
• 2001
  • 2001-07-05 MX MXPA03000027A patent/MXPA03000027A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2001-07-05 WO PCT/US2001/021352 patent/WO2002006024A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2001-07-05 CN CNB018149286A patent/CN1250383C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2001-07-05 AU AU2001275869A patent/AU2001275869B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2001-07-05 AU AU7586901A patent/AU7586901A/xx active Pending
  • 2001-07-05 BR BR0112161A patent/BR0112161B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2001-07-05 EP EP01953420A patent/EP1303385A4/en not_active Withdrawn

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