WO2001096686A1 - Procede de fabrication d'un element prefabrique - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un element prefabrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001096686A1
WO2001096686A1 PCT/FI2001/000558 FI0100558W WO0196686A1 WO 2001096686 A1 WO2001096686 A1 WO 2001096686A1 FI 0100558 W FI0100558 W FI 0100558W WO 0196686 A1 WO0196686 A1 WO 0196686A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outer panel
insulating material
slot
thermal insulating
insert
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2001/000558
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Juhani Kauko
Mikko Litmanen
Original Assignee
Juhani Kauko
Mikko Litmanen
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Juhani Kauko, Mikko Litmanen filed Critical Juhani Kauko
Priority to AU66110/01A priority Critical patent/AU6611001A/en
Publication of WO2001096686A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001096686A1/fr
Priority to FI20022194A priority patent/FI20022194A/fi

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/003—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/028—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for double - wall articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/30—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding
    • B28B7/32—Cores; Mandrels adjustable, collapsible, or expanding inflatable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a prefabricated element as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a technique is used whereby the elements are manufactured in a continuous process wherein the first step is to produce the outer panel of the element in a mould. After this, reinforcements connecting different parts of the element together are mounted in the outer panel . Thermal insulating material is placed between the reinforcements so that these remain in the seams of the insulating material .
  • the reinforcements for the inner panel are mounted above the insulation and tied to the connecting reinforcements. After the thermal insulating material and reinforcements have been mounted, the concrete for the inner panel is cast upon the thermal insulation.
  • the outer panel, the insulation and the inner panel are in direct contact with each other.
  • the prior-art structure involves problems.
  • the element becomes a continuous structure which has been found to be susceptible to problems resulting from the accumulation of moisture in the structure, mainly in the thermal insulating material. It has been established via research and it is also known from experience that the accumulation of moisture can be eliminated by providing sufficient ventilation between the outer panel and the thermal insu- lating material of the element.
  • a previously known technique is to provide the insulating material with ventilation grooves into which an air current is supplied from the joints between the outer panels of the elements.
  • the outer panel of the element is produced as a separate part in connection with being mounted in a wall.
  • a layer of granular rock material is placed between the outer panel and the insulating material, which layer is removed after the casting has hardened. In this way, a ventilator slot is created between the insula- tion and the outer panel .
  • a problem with prior-art solutions is how to achieve sufficient ventilation. Compression of the insulating material and blockage of the grooves in it together with its relatively small volume result in problems and consequent disadvantages regarding quality.
  • the method of making a separate outer panel is expensive and complicated in respect of installation.
  • the use of a granular filler to produce a ventilator slot is in principle a good solution, but because moisture and cement are partially absorbed into the filler, it is generally not possible to remove the filler completely from the clearance, which is why the ventilator slot remains partially blocked and is inadequate for its purpose.
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages.
  • a specific object of the invention is to disclose a new type of method for manufacturing a prefabricated element, allowing effective ventilation and drying of the element and the insulating material in it by a simple and cheap method.
  • an outer panel is first cast into a mould, reinforcements connecting different parts of the element are mounted in the outer panel, thermal insulating material is mounted upon the outer panel and an internal panel is cast on top of the thermal insulating material.
  • the required reinforcements, window and door openings, pipes etc. are mounted both in the outer panel and in the inner panel before the casting.
  • a slot insert of adjustable thickness in an expanded state is placed between the outer panel and the thermal insulating material.
  • the slot insert is shrunk in thickness, whereupon the slot insert is extracted from between the outer panel and the thermal insulating material, the open space thus created forming a ventilator slot between the outer panel and the thermal insulating material .
  • the thickness of the slot insert is preferably controlled using a flowing medium.
  • the flowing medium used to expand the slot insert may consist of a suitable liquid or gas, preferably air.
  • the slot insert is preferably shrunk, i.e. the medium is let out from it after the concrete has reached a sufficient hardness.
  • the outer panel and inner panel need not necessarily be completely hardened, but it is sufficient that they have become hard enough to remain in shape when the slot insert is removed.
  • the slot insert consists of a two-layer insert made of rubber or a suitable plastic, in which the clearance between the insert layers forms a space into which the medium, a liquid or gas, is pumped, causing the slot insert to expand in thickness.
  • a slot insert consisting of a more rigid structure, e.g. two plates which can be moved farther apart and brought closer to each other using either a flowing medium or other means.
  • this type of rigid structures involve a drawback regarding their detachment from the surface of the casting. It has been found that in rub- ber inserts, although they mainly expand in the thickness dimension, some stretching of the structure also occurs in the direction of the plane. As a result, even a slight movement in the planar direction disrupts the bonds between the concrete and the rubber insert so that the slot insert is completely detached from the cast surface, thus allowing it to be easily removed from the space, where a ventilator slot permitting air circulation is formed.
  • Slot inserts as provided by the invention can be used in both vertical and horizontal orientations, extending from one edge of the element to the other. It is also possible to have slot inserts placed only within a given limited area in the element.
  • the method of the invention for the manufacture of a prefabricated element has significant advantages as compared with prior art .
  • the method of the invention permits easier production and makes it possible to create a ventilator slot of a desired size, extending through the entire element.
  • exterior wall elements can be produced as a continuous process with no need to wait until the outer panel has dried.
  • the elements can be produced economically as the ventilator slot is formed using repeatedly the same slot insert, leaving no permanent structural parts between the insulating material and the outer panel that could later obstruct ventilation in the element and transfer of humidity in its structures.
  • the method of the invention for the manufacture of a prefabricated element makes it possible to produce an element structure that prevents the absorption of any significant amounts of moisture into the insu- lating material while allowing the small amount of moisture introduced into the insulating material during manufacture to be ventilated away before the final installation of the element .
  • Fig. 1 represents a first step in the method of the invention
  • Fig. 2 represents a second step in the method of the invention
  • Fig. 3 represents a third step in the method of the invention
  • Fig. 4 represents a fourth step in the method of the invention
  • Fig. 5 represents a fifth step in the method of the invention.
  • Fig. 6 represents a finished prefabricated element produced by the method of the invention.
  • an outer panel 1 is cast in a mold, which is not shown in the figures. Be- fore the outer panel has hardened, reinforcements 4 connecting different parts of the element are mounted in it as illustrated in Fig. 2. It is also possible to place the reinforcements 4 in the mould before casting the outer panel, e.g. by connecting them to other re- inforcements in the outer panel.
  • slot inserts 5 of elastic material connected via a suitable valve 7 to a suitable source of compressed air are mounted on the outer panel 1 between the reinforcements .
  • the slot inserts are placed on the outer panel 1 so that they together extend over the entire planar surface defined by the outer panel, from one edge to the other, in both vertical and horizontal directions of the element.
  • compressed air is supplied via the valve 7 into the slot inserts 5, which thus expand mainly in the direction of thickness, determining the thicknesswise dimension of the ventilator slot formed in the element.
  • thermal insu- lating material 3 of e.g. mineral wool is placed on top of the slot insert 5 over the entire area of the element. At this point, the reinforcements 4 still ex- tend through the thermal insulating material, projecting outside it .
  • the next step consists in casting an inner panel 2 upon the thermal insulat- ing material.
  • the inner panel covers the reinforcements 4 connecting the inner panel and the outer panel .
  • various reinforcements as needed can be provided in the inner panel as well, and they can be e.g. fastened to reinforcements 4 before the inner panel 2 is cast.
  • the valve 7 may be opened to let out the air from the slot inserts 5.
  • the slot inserts will shrink mainly in thickness, so they are detached from the cast surface of the outer panel 1. Thus, they can be easily extracted from the element.
  • an open ventilator slot 6 is formed in the element between the outer panel 1 and the insulating material 3, with only the reinforcements 4 going through the slot and connecting the parts of the element together.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément préfabriqué, lequel se compose d'un panneau extérieur (1), d'un panneau intérieur (2) et d'un matériau d'isolation thermique (3) placé entre ces deux panneaux, ce procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant: à couler le panneau extérieur (1) dans un moule, à monter, sur ce panneau extérieur, des pièces de renfort (4) reliant les parties de l'élément, à monter sur le dessus du panneau extérieur le matériau d'isolation thermique (3), à couler le panneau intérieur (2) sur le matériau d'isolation thermique, à insérer un élément de formation de fente (5), d'épaisseur réglable, et à l'état déployé, entre le panneau extérieur (1) et le matériau d'isolation thermique (3), lequel élément inséré, après coulage du panneau intérieur (2), diminue en épaisseur, et enfin à extraire cet élément inséré, de l'endroit situé entre le panneau extérieur et le matériau d'isolation thermique, de manière à créer ainsi un espace ouvert formant une fente de ventilation (6) entre le panneau extérieur et le matériau d'isolation thermique.
PCT/FI2001/000558 2000-06-15 2001-06-13 Procede de fabrication d'un element prefabrique WO2001096686A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU66110/01A AU6611001A (en) 2000-06-15 2001-06-13 Method for manufacturing a prefabricated element
FI20022194A FI20022194A (fi) 2000-06-15 2002-12-12 Elementin valmistusmenetelmä

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20000250U FI4705U1 (fi) 2000-06-15 2000-06-15 Lämpöeristeen asennustuki
FIU20000250 2000-06-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001096686A1 true WO2001096686A1 (fr) 2001-12-20

Family

ID=8557369

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2001/000558 WO2001096686A1 (fr) 2000-06-15 2001-06-13 Procede de fabrication d'un element prefabrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6611001A (fr)
FI (1) FI4705U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001096686A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105220819A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-01-06 南京晟林再生资源有限公司 一种高强度轻质混凝土预制板

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023769A (en) * 1972-11-22 1977-05-17 Andrew Corporation Molding means having opposed core assemblies
WO1986005229A1 (fr) * 1985-03-09 1986-09-12 Bbt Beton- Bautechnik Gmbh Systeme de coffrage reutilisable pour la realisation d'espaces libres dans des materiaux de construction
SU1502333A1 (ru) * 1986-10-29 1989-08-23 Государственный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Силикатного Бетона Автоклавного Твердения Устройство дл образовани пустот в издели х из строительных смесей
EP0364133A1 (fr) * 1988-09-28 1990-04-18 York Trailer Company Limited Véhicules frigorifiques
DE4311408A1 (de) * 1993-04-07 1993-11-18 Radvan Klaus Peter Anorganischer Leichtbau-Formkörper
WO1998003747A1 (fr) * 1996-07-23 1998-01-29 Geca Ehf Procede et dispositif de fabrication de panneaux a canaux creux
JP2000045443A (ja) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-15 Fujita Corp ボイドスラブの製造方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023769A (en) * 1972-11-22 1977-05-17 Andrew Corporation Molding means having opposed core assemblies
WO1986005229A1 (fr) * 1985-03-09 1986-09-12 Bbt Beton- Bautechnik Gmbh Systeme de coffrage reutilisable pour la realisation d'espaces libres dans des materiaux de construction
SU1502333A1 (ru) * 1986-10-29 1989-08-23 Государственный Научно-Исследовательский И Проектный Институт Силикатного Бетона Автоклавного Твердения Устройство дл образовани пустот в издели х из строительных смесей
EP0364133A1 (fr) * 1988-09-28 1990-04-18 York Trailer Company Limited Véhicules frigorifiques
DE4311408A1 (de) * 1993-04-07 1993-11-18 Radvan Klaus Peter Anorganischer Leichtbau-Formkörper
WO1998003747A1 (fr) * 1996-07-23 1998-01-29 Geca Ehf Procede et dispositif de fabrication de panneaux a canaux creux
JP2000045443A (ja) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-15 Fujita Corp ボイドスラブの製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 9023, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1990-177238 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105220819A (zh) * 2015-11-04 2016-01-06 南京晟林再生资源有限公司 一种高强度轻质混凝土预制板
CN105220819B (zh) * 2015-11-04 2017-10-31 南京晟林再生资源有限公司 一种高强度轻质混凝土预制板

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI4705U1 (fi) 2000-11-23
AU6611001A (en) 2001-12-24

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