WO2001077264A1 - Combustible a utiliser dans une pile a combustible - Google Patents
Combustible a utiliser dans une pile a combustible Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2001077264A1 WO2001077264A1 PCT/JP2001/003093 JP0103093W WO0177264A1 WO 2001077264 A1 WO2001077264 A1 WO 2001077264A1 JP 0103093 W JP0103093 W JP 0103093W WO 0177264 A1 WO0177264 A1 WO 0177264A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- cell system
- fuel cell
- volume
- less
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/56—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
- C01B3/58—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction
- C01B3/583—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids including a catalytic reaction the reaction being the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/025—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step
- C01B2203/0261—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a partial oxidation step containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0435—Catalytic purification
- C01B2203/044—Selective oxidation of carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/085—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by electric heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
- C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
- C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
- C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1288—Evaporation of one or more of the different feed components
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/16—Controlling the process
- C01B2203/1642—Controlling the product
- C01B2203/1647—Controlling the amount of the product
- C01B2203/1652—Measuring the amount of product
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel used for a fuel cell system.
- hydrogen is advantageous in that it does not require a special reformer, but because it is a gas at room temperature, it has problems with storage and mounting on vehicles, etc. Special equipment is required. Also, there is a high risk of bow I fire, so care must be taken when handling.
- methanol is advantageous in that it is relatively easy to reform hydrogen, but it has a small power generation capacity per weight s and is toxic.
- special equipment is required for storage and supply. As described above, no fuel has yet been developed to achieve the full potential of the fuel cell system.
- the fuel for a fuel cell system it is often the power generation amount per weight, it generation amount of C 0 2 emissions per often, that overall fuel consumption of the fuel cell system is good, the evaporation gas (Ebapoemi, Soshiyon) Low power, reforming catalyst, water gas shift reaction catalyst, carbon monoxide removal catalyst, fuel cell stack, etc., low deterioration of fuel cell system, long lasting initial capacity, short system startup time, short power s, stable storage
- fuel cells must have good handling characteristics such as the firing point of the bow I. In a fuel cell system, it is important to keep the fuel and reformer at a given temperature.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a fuel suitable for a fuel cell system satisfying the above-mentioned required properties in a well-balanced manner. Disclosure of the invention
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have found that a fuel containing a specific amount of an oxygen-containing compound is suitable for a fuel cell system. That is, the fuel for a fuel cell system according to the present invention includes:
- the content of hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms is 15% by volume or less, the content of hydrocarbon compounds having 5 carbon atoms is 5% by volume or more, and Content of the hydrocarbon compound is 10% by volume or more.
- distillation end point is 55. It has a distillation property of not less than C and not more than 150 ° C.
- Sulfur content is 50 ppm by mass or less based on the total amount of fuel.
- the saturated content is 30% by volume or more based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil.
- the olefin content is 35% by volume or less based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil.
- the aromatic content is 50% by volume or less based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil.
- the ratio of the paraffin content in the saturated content is 60% by volume or more.
- the proportion of branched paraffin in the paraffin content is 30% by volume or more.
- the liquid has a heat capacity of 2.6 kJZkg ° C or less at 1 atmosphere and 15 ° C.
- Latent heat of vaporization is 400 KJ / kg or less.
- Reid vapor pressure is 1 OkPa or more and less than 1 OOkPa.
- the octane number of the research method is 101.0 or less.
- the oxidation stability is 240 minutes or more.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a steam reforming fuel cell system used for evaluating fuel for a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a partial oxidation fuel cell system used for evaluating fuel for a fuel cell system of the present invention.
- the oxygen-containing compound contained in a specific amount is an alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
- ethers having 2 to 8 carbon atoms Specifically, for example, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTB).
- T AM E tertiary amyl ethyl ether
- the content of these oxygenated compounds is based on the total amount of oxygen based on the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole, the small amount of THC in the exhaust gas, and the short startup time of the system. It is necessary in terms of element is 0.5 mass% or more, further when you consider the balance between power generation and C 0 2 generation amount per power generation amount per weight, requires 4 0 wt% or less Yes, preferably 20% by mass or less, and 3% by mass or less.
- the fuel cell fuel system of the present invention it generation amount of good force per weight in shall such only oxygen-containing compound as described above is large, and the like that the power generation amount of C 0 2 emissions per is large, oxygen-containing
- the mixture is preferably a mixture of a compound and a hydrocarbon oil, and more preferably 5% by volume or more based on the total amount of the fuel.
- the amount of the hydrocarbon compound having a specific number of carbon atoms contained in the hydrocarbon oil is not limited, but the following are preferable.
- the content of compound is not limited, the content of hydrocarbon compounds having 4 carbon atoms relative to the total amount of hydrocarbon oil (V (C 4)), it suppressing the amount of evaporation gas (fuel vapor E mission) From the viewpoint of good handling properties such as a flash point, the content is preferably 15% by volume or less, more preferably 10% by volume or less, and most preferably 5% by volume or less.
- the content of carbon 5-carbon compounds is not limited, the content of hydrocarbon compounds with 5 carbons (V (C s )) based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil is Since the amount of power generation is large, the amount of power generation per amount of CO 2 ′ generated, and the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, it is preferable that the volume be 5% by volume or more, and 10% by volume or more. More preferably, the content is more preferably 15% by volume or more, even more preferably 20% by volume or more, and more preferably 25% by volume or more. More preferably, the capacity is most preferably 30% by volume or more.
- the content of hydrocarbon compounds with 6 carbon atoms is not limited, but the content of hydrocarbon compounds with 6 carbon atoms (V (C 6 )) based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil indicates that the amount of power generation per weight is large. , C0 that power generation amount per 2 generation amount is large, since the fuel economy of the entire fuel cell system is good, etc., more preferably it forces preferably 10 volume% or more and 15 vol% or more, 20 volumes %, More preferably at least 25% by volume, even more preferably at least 30% by volume.
- the content of the hydrocarbon compound having 7 or 8 carbon atoms is not particularly limited, but is usually the total amount (V (C 7 + C 8
- the total amount of hydrocarbon compounds with 10 or more carbon atoms (V (C 10 +)) power S 20% by volume based on the total amount of hydrocarbon oil Or less, more preferably 10% by volume or less, and most preferably 5% by volume or less.
- V (C 4 ), V (C 5 ), V (C 6 ), V (C 7 + C 8 ), and V (C io +) described above are determined by the gas chromatography method shown below. Value.
- the initial distillation point (initial boiling point 0) is preferably from 24 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably from 26 ° C. 10% by volume distillation temperature (T 10 ) Force s'25 ° C or more and 50 ° C or less C or more is more preferable.
- 90% by volume distillation temperature (T 90 ) is 45 ° C
- the temperature is preferably 130 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or lower, even more preferably 80 ° C. or lower.
- the distillation end point is preferably 55 ° C or more and 150 ° C or less, and more preferably 130 ° C or less, and even more preferably 100 ° C or less.
- the bow I becomes flammable, and the evaporative gas (THC) power S is likely to be generated, causing a problem in handling.
- THC evaporative gas
- T 10 10 % by volume distillation temperature
- Tso 90 volume% distillation temperature
- an upper limit of the distillation end point is often power generation amount per weight
- C0 power generation per 2 generation amount is large
- fuel efficiency is good as the entire fuel cell system
- discharge It is specified in terms of low THC in the gas, short system startup time, low degradation of the reforming catalyst, and sustained initial performance.
- the 30% by volume distillation temperature (T 3 ), the 50% by volume distillation temperature (T 5 ), and the 70% by volume distillation temperature (T 7 ) of the fuel of the present invention are not limited.
- the 30% by volume distillation temperature ( ⁇ 3 ) is preferably 30 ° C or more and 60 ° C or less, and the 50% by volume distillation temperature (T 5 ) is 35 ° C or more and 70%. C is preferable, and the 70% by volume distillation temperature (T 7 ) is preferably 35 ° C or more and 60 ° C or less.
- distillation initial boiling point of above (initial boiling point 0), 10 volume% distillation temperature (T 1C)), 30 volume% distillation temperature (T 3.), 50 volume% distillation temperature (T Omicron) (. ⁇ 7) (. ⁇ 9) 70 volume% distillation temperature, 90 vol% distillation temperature, distillation endpoint, JISK 2254 - a distillation characteristics which are "petroleum products distillation test method" Yotsute measurement.
- the sulfur content of the fuel of the present invention the deterioration of the fuel cell system such as a reforming catalyst, a water gas shift reaction catalyst, a carbon monoxide removal catalyst, a fuel cell stack, etc. is small and the initial capacity S is small.
- the fuel is preferably 50 mass ppm or less, more preferably 30 mass ppm or less, even more preferably 10 mass ppm or less, and more preferably 1 mass ppm, based on the total amount of fuel. Is even more preferable, and the force is most preferably 0.1 mass ppm or less.
- the sulfur content measured by JISK 2541 “Sulfur content test method for crude oil and petroleum products” is less than 1 ppm by mass.
- Means sulfur content measured by ASTM D4045-96 “Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Hydrogenolysis and Rateometric Colorimetr”.
- the content of each of the saturated component, the olefin component and the aromatic component is not particularly limited, but the saturated component (V (S)) is 30% by volume or more based on the total amount of hydrogenated carbon oil.
- the content (V (0)) is preferably 35% by volume or less, and the aromatic content (V (Ar)) is preferably 50% by volume or less.
- V (S) is often power generation amount per weight, it generation per C0 2 generation amount is large, it overall fuel consumption of the fuel cell system is good, it THC in the exhaust gas is not small, the system Starting time force S Due to shortness, etc., it should be at least 30% by volume, preferably at least 40% by volume, more preferably at least 50% by volume, even more preferably at least 60% by volume. Is even more preferred, more preferably 70% by volume or more, even more preferably 80% by volume or more, even more preferably 90% by volume or more, and 95% by volume. % Force is the most preferable.
- V (0) is often power generation amount per weight, it generation per C0 2 generation amount is large, the deterioration of the reforming catalyst can last reduced initial resistance capability S long, that good storage stability
- it is preferably 35% by volume or less, more preferably 25% by volume or less, still more preferably 20% by volume or less, and more preferably 15% by volume or less. It is even more preferred that it be less than 10% by volume.
- the power is preferably 50% by volume or less, more preferably 45% by volume or less. %, Still more preferably 35% by volume or less, even more preferably 30% by volume or less, even more preferably 20% by volume or less. More preferably, it is even more preferably 10% by volume or less, 5 volumes % Is most preferable.
- V (S), V (0) and V (A r) are all values measured by the fluorescent indicator adsorption method of JIS K 2 536 “Petroleum products-hydrocarbon type test method”.
- the ratio of the paraffin content in the saturated component is preferably at least 60% by volume, more preferably at least 65% by volume, and even more preferably at least 70% by volume. More preferably, it is even more preferably 80% by volume or more, even more preferably 85% by volume or more, even more preferably 90% by volume or more, and more preferably 95% by volume or more. Is most preferred.
- the above-mentioned saturated content and paraffin content are values determined by the above-described gas chromatography method.
- the proportion of branched paraffins in the paraffins are often power generation amount per weight, it generation amount of C 0 2 emissions per many, of the entire fuel cell system It is preferable that the proportion of branched paraffin in the paraffin is 30% by volume or more, and 50% by volume because of good fuel economy, low THC in exhaust gas S, short system startup time s, etc. %, And more preferably 70% by volume or more.
- the above-mentioned paraffin content and the amount of branched paraffin are values determined by the above-mentioned gas chromatography method.
- the heat capacity of the fuel is not limited at all. However, since the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, the heat capacity of the liquid at 1 atm and 15 ° C is 2.6 kJZkg. ⁇ C or less is preferable.
- the latent heat of vaporization of the fuel there is no limitation on the latent heat of vaporization of the fuel. Since the fuel efficiency of the entire pond system is good, it is preferable that the latent heat of evaporation be AOOKJZkg or less.
- the reed vapor pressure (RVP) of the fuel is preferably 10 kPa or more, and the handleability such as the flash point is good. Since the amount of evaporative gas (evaporation) can be kept low, a power of less than 100 kPa is preferable. 40 kPa or more and less than 100 kPa are more preferable, and 60 kPa or more and less than 100 kPa are even more preferable.
- “lead vapor pressure (RVP)” means the vapor pressure (lead vapor pressure (RVP)) measured by JIS K 2258 “Crude oil and fuel oil vapor pressure test method (lead method)”.
- the octane number (RON) of the fuel by the research method there is no limitation on the octane number (RON) of the fuel by the research method, but the power generation per weight is large, the cost of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, and the THC power in the exhaust gas is high. s' is small, the starting time of the system is short, and the like.
- the octane number of the research method (RON) means the octane number of the research method measured by JISK 2280 “Test method of octane number and seun number”.
- the oxidation stability of the fuel is not limited, but is preferably 240 minutes or more from the viewpoint of storage stability.
- the oxidation stability is the oxidation stability measured by JIS K 2287 "Gasoline oxidation stability test method (induction period method)".
- the density of the fuel there is no limitation on the density of the fuel, but the amount of power generation per weight is large, the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system as a whole is good, the THC power in the exhaust gas is small, and the system is started. etc. that the time power short, in view of the deterioration of the reforming catalyst can last reduced initial resistance capacity 5 'long, 0. 78 gZcm 3 below the force s good Good.
- the density means the density measured by JISK2249 “Density test method for crude oil and petroleum products and density / mass / volume conversion table”.
- the method for producing the fuel of the present invention Specifically, for example, it is produced by mixing one or more oxygen-containing compounds and, if necessary, a hydrocarbon oil.
- hydrocarbon oil examples include light naphtha obtained by distilling crude oil at normal pressure, heavy naphtha obtained by distilling crude oil at normal pressure, desulfurized light naphtha obtained by desulfurizing light naphtha, and heavy naphtha.
- the base material for producing the fuel of the present invention are decomposed into carbon monoxide and hydrogen and then obtained by F-T (Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis. It is manufactured using one or more base materials such as a light fraction of GTL (Gas to Liquids) and desulfurized LPG obtained by desulfurizing LPG. It can also be produced by mixing one or more of the above-mentioned base materials and then desulfurizing them by hydrogen emission or adsorption, etc. Among these, those preferable as the base material for producing the fuel of the present invention are preferred.
- Examples include: light naphtha, desulfurized light naphtha, isomerized gasoline, desulfurized alkylate obtained by desulfurizing alkylate, desulfurized hydrocarbon such as isobutane, and low sulfur alkylate obtained by desulfurized lower-olefin, light weight of cracked gasoline Desulfurized light cracked gasoline obtained by desulfurizing the fraction, gasoline fraction of GTL, desulfurized LPG obtained by desulfurizing LPG, etc.
- the fuel for the fuel cell system of the present invention includes a colorant for identification, an antioxidant for improving oxidative stability, a metal deactivator, a corrosion inhibitor for corrosion prevention, and cleanliness of the fuel line. Additives such as a detergent for maintaining the lubrication and a lubricity improver for improving the lubricity can be added.
- the colorant is preferably 1 Oppm or less, more preferably 5 ppm or less.
- the antioxidant is preferably 3 OOppm or less, more preferably 200 ppm or less, still more preferably 10 Oppm or less, and most preferably 1 Oppm or less.
- the metal deactivator is preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 30 ppm or less, more preferably 1 ppm or less, more preferably 5 ppm or less, most preferably 5 ppm or less.
- the corrosion inhibitor is preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 30 ppm or less, 1 Oppm or less, and the power S is still more preferably 5 ppm.
- the detergent is preferably at most 300 ppm, more preferably at most 200 pm, most preferably at most 100 ppm.
- the lubricity improver is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 20,0 ppm or less, and even more preferably 100 ppm or less.
- the fuel of the present invention is used as a fuel for a fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention includes a fuel reformer, a carbon monoxide purifying device, a fuel cell, and the like, and the fuel of the present invention is suitably used for any fuel cell system.
- the fuel reformer is for reforming the fuel to obtain hydrogen, which is the fuel of the fuel cell.
- a reformer specifically, for example,
- a steam reforming reformer that mixes heated and vaporized fuel with steam and reacts by heating in a catalyst such as copper, nickel, platinum, ruthenium, etc., to obtain a product containing hydrogen as a main component.
- a partially oxidized reformer that mixes heated and vaporized fuel with air and reacts with or without a catalyst such as copper, nickel, platinum, ruthenium, etc. to obtain a product containing hydrogen as a main component.
- the carbon monoxide purifier removes carbon monoxide contained in the gas generated by the above reformer and becomes a catalyst poison of the fuel cell.
- a selective oxidation reactor that converts carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide by mixing the reformed gas with compressed air and reacting it in a catalyst such as platinum or ruthenium is mentioned. used.
- Specific fuel cells include, for example, polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC), molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC), and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) And the like.
- PEFC polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- PAFC phosphoric acid fuel cells
- MCFC molten carbonate fuel cells
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cells
- the fuel cell system as described above is used for electric vehicles, conventional hybrid vehicles with an engine and electricity, portable power supplies, distributed power supplies, home power supplies, cogeneration systems, and the like.
- Table 1 shows the properties and the like of the base materials used for each fuel in the examples and comparative examples.
- Table 2 shows the properties of each fuel used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the fuel and water were vaporized by electric heating and led to a reformer, which was filled with a noble metal catalyst and maintained at a specified temperature with an electric heater, to generate reformed gas rich in hydrogen.
- the temperature of the reformer was set to the lowest temperature at which reforming was completely performed in the initial stage of the test (the lowest temperature at which the reformed gas did not contain THC power S).
- the reformed gas is guided to a carbon monoxide treatment device (water gas shift reaction) together with water vapor to convert carbon monoxide in the reformed gas into carbon dioxide, and the generated gas is guided to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell for power generation Was performed.
- a carbon monoxide treatment device water gas shift reaction
- Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of the steam reforming type fuel cell system used for the evaluation.
- the fuel was gasified by electric heating, and the preheated air was charged with a precious metal catalyst and led to a reformer maintained at 110 ° C with an electric heater to generate hydrogen-rich reformed gas. .
- the reformed gas is led to a carbon monoxide treatment device (water gas shift reaction) together with water vapor to convert carbon monoxide in the reformed gas into carbon dioxide, and the generated gas is guided to a polymer electrolyte fuel cell to generate electricity.
- a carbon monoxide treatment device water gas shift reaction
- Fig. 2 shows the chart of the partial oxidation fuel cell system used for the evaluation.
- Evaluation H 2 CO in the reformed gas generated from the reformer immediately after the start of the test, were measured for C 0 2, THC amount. Also, H 2, CO, fuel C 0 2, immediately after the evaluation test started was measured for THC content and start 1 0 0 hour after the reformed gas generated from over Shahi carbon treatment apparatus immediately after the start of the evaluation test was measured the amount of power generated by the battery, the amount of fuel consumed, and the amount of CO 2 emitted from the fuel cell. The amount of heat (preheat amount) required to guide each fuel to a predetermined reformer temperature was calculated from the heat capacity and latent heat of vaporization.
- the performance degradation rate of the catalyst (the amount of power generated 100 hours after the start of the test, the amount of power generated immediately after the start of the test), the thermal efficiency (the amount of power generated immediately after the start of the test) Z fuel calorific value) and preheat amount ratio (preheat amount Z power generation amount) were calculated.
- the performance degradation rate of the catalyst the amount of power generated 100 hours after the start of the test, the amount of power generated immediately after the start of the test
- the thermal efficiency the amount of power generated immediately after the start of the test
- Z fuel calorific value the amount of power generated immediately after the start of the test
- preheat amount ratio preheat amount Z power generation amount
- a sample filling hose was attached to the filler port of a 20 liter gasoline carrying can, and the attachment part was completely sealed. Each liter was filled with 5 liters of fuel while the can bleed valve was kept open. After filling, the air vent valve was closed and left for 30 minutes. After standing, an activated carbon adsorption device was attached to the tip of the air release valve, and the valve was opened. Immediately, 10 liters of each fuel was supplied from the fuel port. Five minutes after the oil filling, the air release valve was left open and the activated carbon was allowed to absorb steam, and then the weight increase of the activated carbon was measured. The test was performed at a constant temperature of 25 ° C. Each fuel was filled in a pressure-resistant sealed container together with oxygen, heated to 100 ° C., allowed to stand for 24 hours while maintaining the temperature, and evaluated by the real gum test method specified in JIS K2261.
- Table 3 shows the measured values' calculated values.
- the fuel for a fuel cell system containing a specific amount of the oxygen-containing compound of the present invention can obtain electric energy with a small performance deterioration ratio at a high output, and is a fuel that satisfies various performances for a fuel cell. is there.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP01917866A EP1273650A4 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | FUEL FOR USE IN A FUEL CELL |
AU44744/01A AU4474401A (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Fuel for use in fuel cell |
JP2001575118A JP4598894B2 (ja) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | 燃料電池システム用燃料 |
US10/240,746 US6824573B2 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Fuel for use in fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2000108462 | 2000-04-10 | ||
JP2000-108462 | 2000-04-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001077264A1 true WO2001077264A1 (fr) | 2001-10-18 |
Family
ID=18621294
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/003093 WO2001077264A1 (fr) | 2000-04-10 | 2001-04-10 | Combustible a utiliser dans une pile a combustible |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6824573B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1273650A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4598894B2 (ja) |
AU (1) | AU4474401A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001077264A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU4688701A (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-23 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation | Fuel for use in fuel cell system |
AU4688401A (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2001-10-23 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation | Fuel for use in fuel cell system |
AU2001266357A1 (en) * | 2000-06-29 | 2002-01-08 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corporation | Fuel for fuel cell system |
EP1340800A4 (en) * | 2000-10-11 | 2004-10-06 | Nippon Oil Corp | DOUBLE-PURPOSE FUEL OR FUEL FOR PETROL ENGINE AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND SYSTEM FOR STORING AND / OR DELIVERY THEREOF |
US8999590B2 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2015-04-07 | Fuelcell Energy, Inc. | On-line monitoring assembly for detection of sulfur breakthrough in a desulfurizer assembly and sulfur breakthrough detection method |
EP3602668B1 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2022-01-26 | BAE Systems PLC | Electrical power generation on a vehicle |
WO2018172736A1 (en) | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | Bae Systems Plc | Electrical power generation on a vehicle |
GB2560771A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-26 | Bae Systems Plc | Electrical power generation on a vehicle |
GB2560773A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-26 | Bae Systems Plc | Electrical power generation on a vehicle |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS50126005A (ja) * | 1974-03-25 | 1975-10-03 | ||
US4410333A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1983-10-18 | Daishin Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Stable and homogeneous fuel composition for internal combustion engine and process for preparing the same |
JPS6340702A (ja) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-22 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | 燃料電池用水素の製造方法 |
JPH0570780A (ja) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-23 | Sekiyu Sangyo Kasseika Center | 中軽質油の深度脱硫方法 |
JPH07188678A (ja) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Tonen Corp | ガソリン組成物 |
JPH08311463A (ja) * | 1995-05-23 | 1996-11-26 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 燃料油組成物 |
JPH10236802A (ja) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-09-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料改質装置 |
JPH10255830A (ja) * | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-25 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池の運転方法 |
JPH1179703A (ja) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-23 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料電池用改質装置 |
US5897970A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1999-04-27 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | System for production of high-purity hydrogen, process for production of high-purity hydrogen, and fuel cell system |
JPH11311136A (ja) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Hitachi Ltd | ハイブリッド自動車およびその駆動装置 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB520564A (en) * | 1938-03-11 | 1940-04-26 | Standard Oil Dev Co | An improved manufacture of motor fuel |
JPH0971788A (ja) * | 1995-09-07 | 1997-03-18 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 無鉛高性能ガソリン |
JP2981645B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-19 | 1999-11-22 | 富士通株式会社 | 光磁気記録方法 |
US5747185A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1998-05-05 | Ztek Corporation | High temperature electrochemical converter for hydrocarbon fuels |
FR2771419B1 (fr) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-12-31 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Essences a haut indice d'octane et leur production par un procede associant hydro-isomerisation et separation |
US6132479A (en) * | 1998-05-04 | 2000-10-17 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Low emission, non-oxygenated fuel composition |
AU6333900A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-11-14 | Syntroleum Corporation | Fuel-cell fuels, methods, and systems |
US20020020107A1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2002-02-21 | Bailey Brent K. | Low molecular weight compression ignition fuel |
JP4646345B2 (ja) * | 1999-12-27 | 2011-03-09 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 燃料油添加剤及び該添加剤を含有してなる燃料油組成物 |
JP2001262163A (ja) * | 2000-03-23 | 2001-09-26 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | 内燃機関用及び燃料電池用兼用燃料油 |
-
2001
- 2001-04-10 EP EP01917866A patent/EP1273650A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-10 AU AU44744/01A patent/AU4474401A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-10 US US10/240,746 patent/US6824573B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-10 WO PCT/JP2001/003093 patent/WO2001077264A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-10 JP JP2001575118A patent/JP4598894B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS50126005A (ja) * | 1974-03-25 | 1975-10-03 | ||
US4410333A (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1983-10-18 | Daishin Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Stable and homogeneous fuel composition for internal combustion engine and process for preparing the same |
JPS6340702A (ja) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-22 | Nippon Oil Co Ltd | 燃料電池用水素の製造方法 |
JPH0570780A (ja) * | 1991-09-12 | 1993-03-23 | Sekiyu Sangyo Kasseika Center | 中軽質油の深度脱硫方法 |
JPH07188678A (ja) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-07-25 | Tonen Corp | ガソリン組成物 |
US5897970A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1999-04-27 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | System for production of high-purity hydrogen, process for production of high-purity hydrogen, and fuel cell system |
JPH08311463A (ja) * | 1995-05-23 | 1996-11-26 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | 燃料油組成物 |
JPH10236802A (ja) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-09-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 燃料改質装置 |
JPH10255830A (ja) * | 1997-03-13 | 1998-09-25 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池の運転方法 |
JPH1179703A (ja) * | 1997-09-04 | 1999-03-23 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 燃料電池用改質装置 |
JPH11311136A (ja) * | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Hitachi Ltd | ハイブリッド自動車およびその駆動装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20030056429A1 (en) | 2003-03-27 |
EP1273650A1 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
EP1273650A4 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
AU4474401A (en) | 2001-10-23 |
US6824573B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 |
JP4598894B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2002031090A1 (fr) | Combustible a double fonction pour automobile a essence et systeme de pile a combustible, et systeme de stockage et/ ou de distribution de combustible a double fonction | |
WO2001077264A1 (fr) | Combustible a utiliser dans une pile a combustible | |
JP4598892B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4583666B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4598893B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
WO2001077259A1 (fr) | Combustible destine a un dispositif de pile a combustible | |
JP4598889B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4598898B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4598890B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4598891B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
US6837909B2 (en) | Fuel for use in a fuel cell system | |
JP4632281B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4598895B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4598897B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4598896B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP4601869B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
WO2002000813A1 (fr) | Combustible pour dispositif de pile à combustible | |
WO2002000814A1 (fr) | Combustible pour cellule electrochimique | |
JP2004027082A (ja) | 燃料電池システム用燃料 | |
JP2004027083A (ja) | 水素製造用燃料 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY BZ CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW |
|
AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW MZ SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: JP Ref document number: 2001 575118 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 10240746 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2001917866 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 2001917866 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 2001917866 Country of ref document: EP |