WO2001073630A1 - Appareil destine a totaliser et a analyser des reponses au moyen de la communication optique infrarouge, et amplificateur de signal compatible - Google Patents
Appareil destine a totaliser et a analyser des reponses au moyen de la communication optique infrarouge, et amplificateur de signal compatible Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001073630A1 WO2001073630A1 PCT/JP2001/002528 JP0102528W WO0173630A1 WO 2001073630 A1 WO2001073630 A1 WO 2001073630A1 JP 0102528 W JP0102528 W JP 0102528W WO 0173630 A1 WO0173630 A1 WO 0173630A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/11—Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B10/114—Indoor or close-range type systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a tallying and analyzing device for answers to questions, and more particularly, to a tallying and analyzing device for presenting a question to a plurality of respondents, receiving an answer to this question, performing tallying analysis, and a signal useful for this device.
- a tallying and analyzing device for presenting a question to a plurality of respondents, receiving an answer to this question, performing tallying analysis, and a signal useful for this device.
- the present invention is widely used in various conferences, seminars, and other gatherings where many participants gather, asking questions with the participants as the respondents and tabulating and analyzing the responses obtained from the respondents.
- the present invention relates to an apparatus for collecting and analyzing possible answers and a signal amplifier suitable for the apparatus. Background art
- An electronic conferencing device that holds a conference using a computer network is one of them. If an electronic conferencing device is used, it is possible to collectively analyze answers to questions.
- Electronic conferencing devices can hold meetings without gathering in one venue, and use computers as terminals. It has the feature that it can have many functions. However, since a network between computers is required, it is necessary to install it at the venue where the conference will be held.As the number of participants increases, the installation and removal of the conference becomes large, resulting in high cost. Problem.
- terminals with many functions such as a computer terminal receive responses from respondents. However, it is not always suitable for the limited use of tabulation analysis.
- a questionnaire survey is used to collect, compile, and analyze responses to questions, and a questionnaire system is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 8-27277.
- a questionnaire system is based on the premise that existing lines are used, so when it is used in general conference halls and halls without existing lines, it is often necessary to install or remove lines as in electronic conferences. There is a problem that it takes time and effort.
- Another method of performing communication wirelessly is communication using spatial transmission of infrared light.
- Communication using infrared light spatial transmission does not have the same restrictions as communication using radio frequency electromagnetic waves.
- it does not reach the level of communication using radio frequency electromagnetic waves. It is only used for limited applications, such as communication within a very short distance in a room such as a control.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-153999 describes that infrared light is used for a conference, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-0 282 664 participates in an exhibition. It is described that infrared light is used to grasp the dynamics of the elderly. However, all of these methods transmit signals by infrared light in one direction from the center to the terminal and communicate with each other. It is not possible for Sendai to identify and receive infrared light signals from a number of terminals individually, or to communicate by transmitting and receiving infrared light signals in both directions. Disclosure of the invention
- a device for conducting a question by assembling a large number of participants in a meeting or other gathering as a respondent, obtaining a response from the respondent, and performing a total analysis of the answer a plurality of answers for inputting the answer Communication between each responder and the center device that tallies and analyzes the responses using infrared spatial transmission, thereby enabling wireless communication between the responder and the central device.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tallying / analyzing system for answers that facilitates the installation and removal of the device and that can easily increase the number of answering machines.
- the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention is characterized by comprising a sending / receiving device having the following configuration and a plurality of answering devices each having an identification code. I have.
- the sensing device has input means for inputting a command and a command, and instructs the generation of a command signal to the plurality of answering devices and the response from the plurality of responding devices in response to the command signal.
- a main controller that tallies and analyzes the response signals, and an infrared command from the multiple responders that responds to the response command signal by generating a response command signal according to the command of the main controller, converting it to infrared light, and projecting it.
- a transmitter / receiver for receiving light, identifying and detecting an answer signal based on the identification code, and inputting the signal to the main controller.
- the plurality of transponders include an answer input section for inputting an answer, a light receiving section for receiving infrared light from the transmitter / receiver and detecting the command signal, and an answer input section.
- a control unit that outputs an answer signal corresponding to the input answer according to a designated signal code during a designated period corresponding to the identification code of the answering machine, and converts the answer signal to infrared light to send the signal.
- a light projecting unit for projecting light to the one relay light emitting and receiving device. in this way
- an answer totaling and analyzing apparatus is configured.
- the transmitter / receiver relays a response command signal into infrared light, emits the light, and receives infrared light from the plurality of responders to detect a response signal.
- An emitter / receiver, and a relay that performs signal processing and relays the main controller and the sensor / receiver described above may be provided.
- an identification code is given to the transponder, and signals are sent and received between the sending device and the transponder through this identification code.
- the center device can obtain response data that identifies the transponder that transmitted the response from the individual response received by the identification code, and can analyze the response result from various angles.
- the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention performs communication between the center device and the answering device by using infrared light spatial transmission, no wiring is required between the center device and the answering device.
- the time and labor required for installation and withdrawal of the system are reduced, and it is easy to increase the number of respondents, and can easily respond to the increase in the number of respondents.
- the answer tallying analyzer of the present invention can be used not only in a gathering where a wired answer tallying analyzer has been used until now, but also in a larger gathering where the number of participants is larger. Can be used for stool.
- a feedback resistor is connected from the output terminal to the input terminal of the electronic device, the output voltage of which shifts, so that the input bias voltage shifts the output voltage. Since it has an amplification circuit set to the input voltage generated, it has a limiter function for an excessive signal and can obtain a high amplification degree for a weak signal. It is suitable for amplification of signals transmitted by infrared light in the total analysis device Not only that, it can be applied to a wide range of fields.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention in which the sending and receiving device of the present invention is separated into a repeater and a center emitting and receiving device.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention in which a plurality of sending and receiving devices are provided for one repeater in the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the answer tallying and analyzing apparatus of the present invention provided with a display device that allows the center device to display the questions and the results of the tallying analysis to the respondents.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a configuration of an answer command signal issued to a plurality of answering units by the center device of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of the contents of a reply command signal pulse issued by the center device of the reply totalizing and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment of an answer signal issued by an answering unit in the answer totaling and analyzing device of the present invention, in response to an answer command signal issued by the Sendai device.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing an embodiment in which an answer signal window from which an answer device of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention emits an answer signal is provided in the latter half of each answer section.
- FIG. 9A shows an amplifier circuit of an analog signal amplifier using digital elements which can be used in the answering device of the answer totaling analyzer of the present invention or the sensor device.
- 9B is a diagram showing a relationship between an input voltage and an output voltage of a digital element in the analog signal amplifier circuit shown in FIG. 9A.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an amplifier in which the analog signal amplifier circuits shown in FIG. 9A are cascaded in multiple stages.
- FIG. 11A shows, in the multistage amplifier shown in FIG. 10, an amplification stage in which the input coverage voltage of each stage is set near the transition start voltage and an amplification stage set near the transition end voltage are alternated.
- Fig. 11B schematically shows these input bias voltages in a diagram showing the relationship between the input voltage and the output voltage of the element.
- FIG. 12 is an example in which a diode is provided in the input stage of the multi-stage amplifier shown in FIG. 10 so as to have unidirectionality.
- Fig. 13 shows the first stage and the second stage of the amplifier shown in Fig. 12 with a diode connecting the input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier, respectively, and the diode provided in the first stage.
- the signal is amplified in a single direction by reversing the direction of the diode provided in the second stage.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of an amplifier circuit in which the amplifier circuits of FIG. 9A are connected in parallel.
- FIG. 15 is a front view schematically showing one embodiment of a light receiving element of a light-receiving / receiving element of a light-transmitting / receiving device configured by combining a plurality of light receiving elements having different directivities.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing one embodiment of a light projecting unit of an answering device constituted by a plurality of light emitting elements arranged at different projection angles and a light distribution correction plate.
- FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one embodiment of the light emitting element of the center light emitting and receiving device according to the present invention
- FIG. 17B is a light emitting device of the light emitting and receiving device according to the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows another embodiment of an element typically.
- Fig. 18A shows the connection between the transmitter and receiver via the infrared light reflector.
- FIG. 18B is a schematic plan view showing an embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus according to the present invention in which the answering machine transmits and receives
- FIG. 18B is a schematic side view thereof.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing an example of an integrated tally analysis system in which multiple tally analysis devices are integrated.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing steps of execution in one embodiment of the tabulation analysis method of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic plan view showing an embodiment in which the answer totaling analyzer of the present invention is installed in a hall.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a basic operation procedure showing an operation procedure in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of a maintenance screen in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a display example of a tally display setting screen in one embodiment of the tally analyzer for answers of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a specific display example of the tally result in one embodiment of the tally analysis device for answers of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing a display example in which the number of pie charts is displayed in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a display example of a numerical value display in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a display example in which questions, answers, and the number of respondents are given a horizontal bar graph in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an input screen in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 31A is a diagram schematically showing an answer command signal generated by the sensor / receiver in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 31B is a diagram showing FIG. 31A.
- Fig. 3C schematically shows the answer section of the answering device corresponding to the answer command signal and the answer signal window
- Fig. 31C schematically shows an example of the answer pulse that the answering device emits in the answer signal window.
- FIG. FIG. 31D is a diagram schematically showing a response command signal emitted by the sensor in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention
- FIG. Figure 31D schematically shows the answer section and answer signal window corresponding to the answer command signal in Figure 31D
- Figure 31E shows the answer pulse that the answerer emits in the answer signal window. It is a figure which shows the example of typically.
- FIG. 32 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a repeater and a center light emitting and receiving device in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing device of the present invention.
- FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a responder in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 34A, FIG. 34B, and FIG. 34C are diagrams showing examples of the light emitting element arrangement of the center emitter / receiver in the embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a light-receiving / receiving unit of a sensor in an embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- FIG. 36A and FIG. 36B are diagrams showing an example of the configuration of the embodiment of the totaling and analyzing apparatus for answers according to the present invention, in which the light-emitting / receiving device is installed on a stand.
- FIG. 37A is a schematic diagram showing a configuration for adjusting the light distribution of the transponder light emitting section in one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention
- FIG. 37B is a diagram showing the configuration in this configuration.
- the light distribution in the horizontal direction is schematically shown
- FIG. 37C schematically shows the light distribution in the vertical direction in this configuration.
- FIG. 38A is a diagram showing the angular distribution of the light distribution obtained by the configuration of FIG. 37
- FIG. 36B is 5 Om away from the transmitting point, which is the light emitting part of the light emitting and receiving device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a light projection range at a position where the light is projected.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a high-stable and high-amplification amplifier circuit of the light receiving and amplifying section of the total analysis device according to the present invention, which is configured in multiple stages using digital logic elements.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an embodiment of a high-stable and high-amplification amplifier circuit of the light receiving and amplifying unit of the tallying and analyzing device according to the present invention, which is configured by connecting digital logic elements in parallel.
- FIG. 41 shows an embodiment of the amplification circuit of the light receiving and amplifying section of the answering and analyzing apparatus of the present invention, in which the bias voltage is changed alternately in the multi-stage amplification circuit of FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the amplifier circuit of the light receiving amplifier section of the analysis and analysis device of the present invention in which unidirectional amplification is performed by using a diode in the amplifier circuit of FIG. It is.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an example of an amplifier circuit used for conventional infrared light communication. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- the response totaling and analyzing device 10 includes a center device 11 and a plurality of answering devices 12 that are connected by communication using spatially transmitted infrared light.
- the transmitter / receiver device 11 includes a main controller 1 1 1 and a transmitter / receiver 1 1 2.
- the main controller 1 1 1 of this center device 1 1 is operated by a questioner or an operator who asks questions, and in accordance with the operation, the transmitter / receiver 1 Command 1 to 2 to generate a response command signal.
- the center relay emitter / receiver 1 1 2 When receiving a command from the main controller, the center relay emitter / receiver 1 1 2 generates an answer command signal, converts it into infrared light, and emits it to multiple answerers 1 2 via infrared space transmission.
- the answering machine 12 has a light receiving section 121, a control section 122, an answer input section 123, and a light emitting section 124.
- the respondent inputs the answer to the question to the answer input section 123 of the answering machine, then directs the answering machine to the sending / receiving device of the sending / receiving device and sends infrared light for answering. Perform the operation to emit.
- the light receiving unit 122 of the answering device receives the infrared light from the transmitter / receiver 112, detects the answer command signal, and sends it to the control unit 122.
- the control unit 1 2 2 that has obtained the answer command signal reads the answer method specified by the answer code for this transponder by the identification code, for example, the answer period specified by the synchronization signal, and the answer input unit 1 2 3
- An answer signal corresponding to the answer input to the controller is output according to this answering method, and the light emitting section 124 converts the answer signal output from the control section 122 to infrared light, and transmits the signal to the transmitter and receiver. Emits light toward receiver 1 1 2.
- an answer signal from the answering device is sent to the sending device.
- the transmitter / receiver 1 1 2 receives infrared light from the multiple responders 12 and identifies it.
- the answer signal in the answer period specified by the code is recognized and detected as the answer signal from the answering device 12 assigned with the identification code, and the answer signal is signal-processed to perform the main control. Communicate to 1 1 1
- the main controller 1 1 1 totalizes and analyzes the signal-processed answer signals.
- the above-mentioned center relaying / receiving device of the response / analyzing device 20 of the answering / analyzing device 20 is connected to the transmitting / receiving device 2 13 of the sensor.
- the center emitter / receiver 2 13 converts the response command signal from the repeater 2 14 into infrared light and projects it.
- Light and multiple answering devices 2 2 These infrared lights are received to detect the response signal and send it to the repeater 214.
- the repeater 214 processes the response signal and sends it to the main controller 211.
- the repeater 2 14 generates a response command signal in response to a command from the main controller 2 11 and sends it to the center emitter / receiver 2 13, and the center emitter / receiver 2 13 sends a series of answer commands
- the signal is converted to infrared light and sent to answering device 22.
- the venue where the answer tallying / analyzing device is installed is large, as shown in the block diagram of Fig. 3, multiple sensors 3 13 should be placed in the venue according to the size.
- the distance between each of the transmitter / receiver 3 13 and the repeater 3 14 is generally different, and the signal transmission time is different.
- the transmission time adjusting element 3 15 it is possible to use the same communication cable that connects between the transmitter and receiver 3 13 and the repeater 3 14, and to make the transmission times uniform by adjusting the length. it can.
- a delay element for example, a transmission time adjusting element such as a delay line or a pulse delay circuit having a variable delay time can be used.
- a configuration may be adopted in which these variable transmission time adjusting elements are accommodated in the relay device 3 14, and the delay time is measured for each of them, and the difference is adjusted to be close to zero.
- the measurement of the delay time can be performed by reciprocating the test pulse.
- the number of repeaters is one and a plurality of center emitter / receivers are used.
- a configuration using a plurality of repeaters may be employed.
- the adjustment to make the difference in delay time between the main control device and each of the plurality of relay devices close to zero is performed in the same manner as the adjustment of the delay time difference between the repeater and the plurality of center light emitting and receiving devices.
- the totalized result and the analysis result of the response in the Sen-ichi device can be shown to the respondent on a display device, for example, by displaying the result in a graph.
- the center device 41 of the answer totaling and analyzing device 40 is provided with a display device 416 that can disclose questions and the result of the totalizing analysis.
- the respondent can know the answer to the previous question and then answer the next question.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the contents of the answer command signal issued by the center device to a plurality of answering devices in the present invention.
- This answer command signal includes an answerer excitation signal 501, a frame synchronization signal 502, a mode command signal 503, and an answer period designation signal 504 for each identification code.
- a plurality of transponders are excited by the transponder excitation signal 501, and the transponders are synchronized by the frame synchronization signal 502. Furthermore, the mode of the transponder is set by the mode command signal 503, and the response period designating signal 504 specifies the response period for each identification code. You can capture the period.
- the answer command signal described above includes the answering unit excitation signal 61, the frame synchronization signal 602, and the mode command signal 603, followed by the answer period for each identification code.
- the response period designating signals 604 to be specified all have substantially the same pulse width, and depending on the difference in pulse interval, the type of the transponder excitation signal, the designation signal for specifying the response period for each identification code, etc. It is convenient to use a pulse train signal that has been divided. In this case, the transponder determines the response signal excitation signal and the response period designation signal based on the pulse interval of the response command signal, and responds to each. Is done.
- FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B schematically show an answer signal generated by the answering machine in response to the answer command signal.
- the control unit of the translator responds to the response signal window in each response section of the response period specified by the identification code (Fig. 7A).
- 70 2 is provided. This figure shows a case where, for example, 10 answer signal windows corresponding to 10 numbers from 0 to 9 are provided. Then, the control unit of the answering device outputs a pulse of the answer signal in the answer window as shown in FIG. 7B.
- the answer signal window 70 2 is composed of 10 windows representing 10 numbers from 0 to 9 and is represented by 5 pairs so that a combination of 5 digits can be represented.
- the answer signal which can be used in the present invention is, for example, by changing the way of providing the answer signal window provided in the answer period, for example, by changing the number of digits of the combined number, or by changing the number. Instead, it can take a variety of forms, such as alphabetic characters.
- the signal identification function of the Send / Receive relay emitter / receiver uses the signal identification function to convert the answer signal in the answer signal window provided during the answer period specified by the identification code. It recognizes the signal from the transponder to which the code is assigned and performs signal processing.
- Figures 8A and 8B show the response signal window 802 set in each answer section (1 to ⁇ ) of the answer period 801 of the transponder, and the synchronization that defines the start of each answer section.
- This embodiment schematically shows an embodiment in which the answer signal is generated in the answer signal window provided in the latter half of each answer section apart from the pulse 804. In this way, it is better to provide the answer signal window 802 in the latter half of each answer section away from it than in the vicinity of the sync pulse 804 that defines the beginning of each answer section. It has been found that the error rate is lower when the answer signal is received at the device. It is preferable that the answer signal pulse is emitted at the head of the answer signal window.
- the respondent transmit an answer signal to the center device, and when the answer signal is received, a display to that effect is made and the respondent can confirm this. Any method may be used as the display method, but it is particularly preferable that the information is displayed on the transponder who sent the message.
- the sending / receiving device receives the answering signal from one answering device and identifies the answering signal.
- the response period signal corresponding to this identification code in the response command signal issued by the device is changed to a signal indicating that it has been received from the response period designation destination.
- the center device may set the answering device to the answer transmission confirmation mode by the mode command signal in the command signal issued to the answering device, and then perform the transmission confirmation.
- the transponder can stop the transmission operation in response to the response command signal including the transmission stop command from the sending device, thereby suppressing the consumption of the battery of the transponder.
- the case where the answer period is designated has been described as a specific example of the designation of the answer signal output performed by the center device to the answering device by the answer command signal.
- the answer The designation of the output of the answer signal is not limited to the designation of the answer period, but may be a designation of another answer signal transmission method.
- the answering machine of the present invention since the answering machine of the present invention is desired to be used for a long time by being driven by a battery, it is not preferable to increase the intensity of infrared light emitted from the answering machine to increase power consumption. Therefore, an amplifier with a high amplification factor is required to ensure that a response signal is obtained even if the transmitter / receiver receives weak infrared light from a remote responder. On the other hand, since a strong infrared light is received from the transponder very close to the transmitter / receiver, the function does not stop due to the saturation of the amplifier for such infrared light, In the evening, it is required that the relay emitter / receiver correctly receive the answer signal from either answerer.
- Fig. 9A shows one stage of an amplifier circuit that constitutes a novel multistage amplifier suitable for such an answering machine or a sensor.
- an amplifying element 901 is connected to a feedback resistor 902.
- the amplifying element 901 used here is an element to which the output voltage shifts when the input voltage exceeds a predetermined value, for example, a digital element such as an Invar-Even element.
- an input signal can be amplified by giving a voltage Eb as an input bias voltage such that the output voltage changes greatly with a change in the input voltage.
- a voltage Eb as an input bias voltage such that the output voltage changes greatly with a change in the input voltage.
- a zero voltage may be applied as a bias voltage. That is, the bias voltage need not be applied.
- the amplification factor of this amplifier circuit is given by R f / R i where R i is the input resistance of the circuit not shown in FIG. 9A and R f is the feedback resistance.
- a simple configuration provides high sensitivity to a weak input signal from a distant place and a large input signal from a nearby place. Function stoppage due to saturation can be prevented.
- the excessive signal becomes a signal which is clipped by the limiter effect for limiting the output voltage of the element shown in FIG. 9B with respect to the input, and the weak signal without the limit effect effect.
- the amplification effect of the amplifier on the signal can be maintained without being stopped by an excessive signal.
- This new amplifier is suitable not only for the answering device of the answer totaling analyzer and the amplifier for the signal received by the center emitter / receiver, but also because of its excellent features, it can be widely used for other purposes.
- FIG. 10 shows an amplifier in which four stages of the amplifier circuits 1001 to 1004 having the above configuration are connected in cascade.
- the amplification factor can be increased and the stability of amplification can be ensured.
- the spatially transmitted infrared light is detected by, for example, a photodiode and becomes a unidirectional pulse signal. Therefore, to amplify this pulse, the amplifier only needs to be able to amplify in one direction. Therefore, we devised a circuit that performs unidirectional amplification by adjusting the bias voltage for the input voltage of each stage of an amplifier in which the above-described amplifier circuit is cascaded in multiple stages.
- the pulse amplified by this amplifier has the first polarity because the polarity of the pulse is inverted for each amplification stage.
- the input bias voltage in the amplifier circuits 111-110 is set to the value of b1 near the transition start voltage shown in Fig.11B in the first stage 1101. Then, in the next amplification stage 1102, the bias voltage is changed alternately for each amplification stage, such that the value of b2 near the transition end voltage is set, and then the value of b1 is set again.
- the amplifier stages are connected in cascade to form an amplifier, and the pulse is amplified in one direction. In this way, the amplification rate of a small signal can be increased, and the signal can be more resistant to saturation and transient phenomena due to an excessive signal.
- Fig. 12 shows a method for unidirectional amplification with the above amplifier using a method different from that described above.
- a diode 1 2 0 1 2 is connected to the input stage of an amplifier composed of amplification circuits 1 2 By doing so, unidirectional amplification is performed.
- Fig. 13 shows an amplifier composed of amplifying circuits 1301 to 1304 using a die auto, which is a unidirectional amplifier.
- the first-stage amplifier circuit 1301 and the second-stage amplifier are used.
- Amplifying circuit 1302 is provided with diodes 13013 and 13023 respectively connecting an input terminal and an output terminal of the amplifier, and the diode and the second-stage amplification of the first-stage amplifier circuit are provided.
- diodes of the circuit one is a diode for each amplification stage such that one direction is from the input side to the output side and the other is the forward direction from the output side to the input side. The direction of the field is reversed.
- the amplifiers in which the above-mentioned multistage amplifiers are changed to unidirectional amplifiers those in which the bias voltage setting is changed alternately have the advantage of expanding the dynamic range of the amplifier and increasing the amplification factor.
- the method using a diode has the advantage that it does not require a step similar to the fine voltage adjustment required in the step of making a bias voltage alternately. Particularly suitable for.
- Fig. 14 shows the element 1 whose output voltage changes due to the input voltage change described above.
- An amplifier circuit is formed by connecting 401 to 1406 in parallel. By adopting such a configuration of parallel connection, the impedance can be reduced and the stability of the amplifier circuit can be increased.
- FIG. 15 shows the light-receiving part 1 of the center light-receiving and light-receiving device composed of a combination of a plurality of light-receiving elements with different directivities: a narrow directional light-receiving element 1501 and a wide directional light-receiving element 1502.
- FIG. 4 is a front view schematically showing 500.
- a convex lens is used to receive light at a narrow angle.
- the transponder Since it is desirable that the transponder be small and handy 'type and be used for a long time with battery operation, it is not desirable to consume much power to generate infrared light. Moreover, the intensity of the infrared light decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance as the distance increases. So that the infrared light emitted by the responder is used effectively for communication, a light emitting element with good luminous efficiency is selected, and this light emitting element is arranged at an appropriate angle (angle arrangement). Was provided with a light distribution correction plate, and the light distribution was devised.
- the light distribution correction plate 1603 is a plate that corrects the light distribution by the light emitting element 1601, and as shown in FIG. 16, is formed by a plurality of holes each inclined in a specific direction.
- the light-emitting element 1601 is accommodated, and the answer signal emitted by the answering device has an appropriate spread.
- the light intensity distribution of the light emitting elements arranged at an angle is readjusted by the shape of the hole, the direction, the reflection on the wall, etc. so that the light reaches the light emitter / receiver.
- a lens such as a Fresnel lens or a filter can be used as the light distribution correction plate.
- FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B are diagrams schematically showing a side cross section of a light emitting section of the center light emitting and receiving device in the embodiment of the present invention.
- the light emitting element arrays 1701a and 1701b in FIG. 17A are surrounded by the edges 1702a and 1702b of the light emitting portion, respectively.
- a cover transparent to infrared light may be provided in front of the light emitting unit and the light receiving unit. Comparing FIG. 17A and FIG. 17B, first, as shown in FIG. 17A, if the light emitting element array 1701a is arranged on a concave surface, oblique projection of infrared light can be achieved.
- the edge of the light emitting and receiving device does not become an obstacle.
- the light projecting element array 1701b is arranged on the convex surface as shown in FIG. 17B, the edge of the light projector becomes an obstacle to the oblique projection of the infrared light. Therefore, the light emitting element arrangement of FIG. 17A is more preferable.
- communication may be performed by infrared light spatial transmission by linearly connecting the transmitter and receiver and the answering device for obstacles. Can be difficult.
- infrared light can be spatially transmitted and communicated via the reflector.
- Fig. 18 uses the infrared light reflector 1804, and the repeater 1801 and emitter / receiver 1802 of the center device and the answerer 1803 are connected to the ceiling of the venue.
- a reflector 1804 is provided on the side 1806 and the side 1805 to indicate that infrared light space transmission communication is to be performed via this.
- Fig. 1A is a schematic plan view and Fig. B is a side view.
- infrared light can be transmitted and received while avoiding obstacles by passing through a reflector placed above the respondent, such as a ceiling.
- Respondents should be able to receive the response signal directly from the central device that directly receives the response signal, such as the transmitter / receiver of the center device, the emitter / receiver of the center emitter / receiver, or a reflector that relays the infrared light of the response signal to them. It is necessary to direct the light emitting part of the answering device to the light emitting destination and emit the infrared light of the answer signal.
- venues that conduct questionnaire surveys or the like using the response tallying and analyzing device often have the interior darkened for the purpose of, for example, displaying a video on a screen to show the respondents.
- the answering device emits infrared light of the response signal from the answering device, such as the transmitter / receiver of the transmitter / receiver, the center emitter / receiver, or a reflector. It is desirable to make it easy to perform For this reason, it is preferable that the destination of the infrared light of the answer signal be provided with a luminous body that clearly indicates the destination of the infrared light.
- a tabulation analysis that could not be performed because it was difficult to use a large number of responders, for example, a tabulation analysis using about 100 or more responders was performed. can do.
- a tallying analysis integration system can be constructed by integrating a plurality of tallying analysis devices for the above-mentioned answers.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram of such a system. If such a system is used, a center—a device 1902 and a plurality of answering devices 1930 and a totaling of a plurality of answers—an analyzing device 1 The total analysis results of the answers to the questions in each of the items 101 can be integrated and totalized and analyzed by the total analysis device 1904. It is also possible to exchange summary analysis results between the summary analyzers.
- This system can be configured between the analyzers for collecting and analyzing responses from venues that are separated from each other.
- information transmission between the devices includes, for example, Kits can also be used.
- the analysis of the answers to the questions using the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention can be performed, for example, by the steps shown in FIG.
- the interrogator asks the respondent a question 2001, and the interrogator or the operator issues a total analysis command 2002 to the Sen-Yuichi device.
- the center device receives this command, generates a response command signal specifying the response period for each identification code, and sends the response command signal to the transponder using infrared light. As well as enter into a system to receive responses from transponders.
- the respondent entered the answer to the above question into the answering machine, pointed the emitter and receiver of the answering device to the center device's transmitter / receiver, and sent the infrared light to the receiver. Communication by optical space transmission is performed.
- the transponder performs reception of infrared light from the transmitter / receiver, and obtains a response command signal, and in the response period specified by the identification code following the response command signal, Generation of an answer signal is performed, and transmission of the answer signal by infrared light is performed.
- the Senyuichi device receives the response signals from the plurality of transponders transmitted in this way, performs 210, identifies the transponders that generated the response signals according to the response period, and performs totalization of the responses.
- the analysis 201 is performed, and the total analysis result 201 is obtained.
- the results of the tabulation analysis 201 can be immediately notified to the respondents (participants), for example, by displaying them on a large screen.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram showing an embodiment of the answer totaling and analyzing apparatus of the present invention.
- the answering and analyzing device of this answer is a sensor with a main controller 2 1 1 1, a repeater 2 1 1 2 and a plurality of center emitters and receivers 2 1 1 3 Device 210 and a plurality of handy answering devices 2 120.
- the main controller 2 11 1 of the sensor 2 11 10 is provided with an input device 2 11 5 composed of a keyboard and a mouse for inputting various information and a monitor 2 1 4.
- the plurality of answering devices 2 1 2 0 and the main controller 2 1 1 1 are connected by infrared light emitting and receiving via the repeater 2 1 1 2 and the plurality of center one light emitting and receiving devices 2 1 1 3 It has a possible configuration.
- the main control unit is equipped with a display device 2130 consisting of a project 2 13 1 and a screen 2 13 2. Is configured to be displayed.
- a display for displaying the same image as the image projected by the projector may be provided separately from the monitor 211 for the presenter or the operator, separately from the monitor of the main control device.
- Fig. 22 shows that in the conference hall, answerers 222 are placed in the seats 220 of the 100 respondents, and red is set between each answerer 220 and the Senyuichi device.
- the main control unit 2201 issues a maintenance command signal at the stage where the arrangement of each device has been completed in this way, in response to this, the transponder 2208 returns its status signal, and the transponder responds.
- the number of connections and their status can be recognized by the main control device 222 and displayed on the main control device as a maintenance screen. Such maintenance makes it easy to respond to the increase or decrease in the number of respondents, so it can respond flexibly to changes in the number of seats.
- the answering device 222 is for inputting an answer to the question, and can adopt various forms according to the question form. 5 digits equivalent to 5 digits in It can be configured to answer with a combination of numbers.
- the answering machine may be provided with an answer display window for displaying the entered answer number and the like.
- Fig. 23 is a diagram showing the basic operation of the main controller of the answer totaling and analyzing device.
- the start screen 2 310 shown in FIG. 23 is displayed on the display screen of the main controller.
- the start screen 2 3 10 displays various file information of the main controller storage unit, and also includes a start button 2 3 1 3, a print button 2 3 1 4, a test button 2 3 1 5, and an input button. 2 3 1 6 etc. are displayed. Check the file name etc. on this start screen 2 3 10 and click the start button 2 3 1 3 to proceed to the step of “Maintenance screen 2 3 1 0 2” in Fig. 23.
- the maintenance screen shown in Fig. 4 is displayed.
- the maintenance screen shown in Fig. 24 corresponds to a maximum of 100 respondents.
- Information A of the transponder and transponder is displayed in the upper half of the screen, and 100 A in the lower half of the screen.
- Each of the 0 responders is indicated by a point P.
- the point p indicating each answering device is formed so that the status of each answering device can be recognized, for example, the answering device is connected in black, the answering device is abnormal in red, and the answering device is normal in green.
- Each transponder is assigned a unique identification code number (ID), for example, by a serial number. The transponder decodes the infrared light pulse signal transmitted from the center emitter / receiver and responds during the response period assigned by the ID.
- ID unique identification code number
- each answering device can also be performed by having each answering device answer each identification number and confirming that it is correctly answered in the answering period corresponding to the identification number.
- the questioner asks the respondent to answer the question and ask for an answer. Questions are displayed on a large screen as required, and the respondents are asked to answer.
- the questions may be input to the main control unit from a keyboard, or may be used by taking out a pre-installed storage unit provided in the main control unit.
- the respondent inputs the answer to the answering device according to the question.
- the input of this answer can be arbitrarily set using a numeric key, for example, 1 for “YES”, 2 for “N 0”, and 3 for “Other”. If you have five choices, you can choose to answer from numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
- multiple options can be selected from among alternatives, and multiple options can be prioritized and answered. For example, if there are five options and you enter “3 5 1” or “3, 5, 1”, the first rank is “3”, the second rank is “5”, and the third rank is “1” It can be.
- various answer patterns are possible, such as selecting one answer from 10 answer examples provided for each of the five options in one question.
- a question display section 2520 On this screen, a question display section 2520, a question number setting section 2521, a scale setting section 2522, and a graph setting section 2552 to display the content of each question and the display method of the result, etc. , Display method setting section 2 5 2 4, Choice setting section 2 5 2 5, Selection number setting section 2 5 2 6, Answer display section 2 5 2 7 that displays the answer for each question, Number of answers for each answer Operation result buttons for performing group selection and totaling start, totaling completion, reflection of results, totaling display, maintenance, etc., and displaying the results in a graph, etc. There are provided a graph etc. display section 2530, which displays the total number of respondents, a total number display section 2531 which displays the total number of respondents, and a response number display section 2532 which displays the number of responses.
- the question number setting section 2 5 2 1 has a question main number setting column and a question branch number setting column.
- the question main number can be set to, for example, 100 questions
- the question branch number is, for example, 20 questions can be set for each main question, and 2000 questions can be prepared.
- the display method setting section 2524 can select a batch display of the counting results, a time-division display that is displayed at predetermined time intervals, a real-time display, and the like.
- the choice setting section 2 5 2 5 is used to set the number of choices, for example, it can be set in the range of 2 to 10 pieces. Whether the answer can be selected is set.
- the tabulation display setting screen shown in FIG. 25 displays the tabulation results of the responses as exemplified in FIG.
- Fig. 26 shows the aggregation result for question number "1 1", the scale is “person”, the graph is “vertical bar”, the display method is “batch display”, the choices are "5", and the number of choices is “3” shows an example of group display.
- the total number of answers for each of the 10 answer options from 0 to 9 is displayed in the first display section 2628a of the aggregation result display section 2628, and the second to fourth display sections 2 6 28 b and 26 28 c 26 28 d show the number of responses in each group in each response. Also, the set vertical bar graph is displayed in the graph etc. display section 2630.
- Step 2 3 Return to the start screen of 101 and end the operation. Also, during the above operation, the user can call up the contents of the previous question and the answer by clicking the tally display button 25 29 d on the tally display setting screen shown in Fig. 25.
- FIG. 27 to FIG. 29 show examples of graphs and the like displayed by the above-described total display operation.
- Figure 27 shows the pie chart with the number of respondents indicated by percentage “%” and the number of respondents added.
- Figure 28 shows the results in numerical form.
- Figure 29 shows the number of respondents in the answer to each question in a horizontal bar graph, and also shows the number of respondents.
- step 2 310 an input screen as shown in FIG. 30 is displayed.
- This screen is used for inputting the contents of questions and alternatives, etc., and for each question number, it is possible to set the question contents, scale, graph, display method, choices, number of choices, and confirm and correct the contents previously entered .
- the test display button 2 3 1 5 is clicked, a test display in accordance with the setting conditions is performed, and it is possible to confirm whether or not these are appropriate.
- test button 2 3 15 in Fig. 23 generates an appropriate random number regardless of the input from the repeater or transponder, inputs it as if the respondent entered it, and displays various graphs etc. This is for performing a display test. That is, when the test button 2315 is clicked, the process proceeds to step 2301 via step 2301, and the answer state and display state for each question can be confirmed through the above-described procedure.
- Figures 31A to 31C and 31D to 31F show the relationship between the response command signal issued by the sensor and the response of the transponder to this and the transmission of the response signal. This is a timing chart.
- the respondent In response to the questioner's presentation of the question, the respondent inputs the answer to his / her own answering machine and points the answering machine to the center emitter / receiver.
- the repeater responds to the command of the main control unit based on the operation of the interrogator or operator, and the center unit sends the pulse width shown in Fig. 31A from the transmitter / receiver to the responder. Transmits a series of 0.5 s infrared light pulses. These series of pulses are transmitted so that the transmission interval and the number of transmissions have a meaning, and the reception side decodes the meaning and responds accordingly.
- 16 pulses with an interval of 49 zs are transmitted as the transponder excitation signal, then, after an interval of 51 js, one frame synchronization signal, and then a mode command signal equivalent to three decimal digits It is transmitted at intervals of 50 ⁇ s, and after 200 seconds from the frame synchronization, a set of five identification code (ID) counting pulses specifying the response time of each transponder, for example, 100000 10000 sets (500 pieces) are sent out at an interval of 500 ⁇ s to the responders of the above. These series of signal sets are repeatedly transmitted until a stop command is issued from the main controller.
- ID identification code
- the mode command signal equivalent to three digits in decimal 0 means the signal type by the position from the frame synchronization signal, and the numerical value is represented by the window position where the transmitted pulse is emitted. Therefore, after a predetermined time has elapsed from the signal pulse corresponding to each digit, a signal transmission window corresponding to the next digit may be set and the next signal may be transmitted. In this case, the transmission section width of the mode command signal is 50 js or less.
- the transponder receives three consecutive transponder excitation signals transmitted at 49 s intervals, enters standby mode, and enters the standby mode. Wait for the system synchronization signal.
- the transponder When the transponder receives the frame synchronization signal, it activates the response signal window setting counter and starts setting, for example, 10 1s-wide response signal windows to transmit the response.
- the mode command signal and prepare for a response.
- the ID pulse signal received following the mode command signal is counted, and when the ID signal matches the ID of this transponder, the pulse of the response signal corresponding to the response content (the numerical value entered by the respondent) is generated. It is transmitted within the response signal window.
- the transponder repeats the transmission of the response each time it receives a series of signal sets from the center emitter / receiver.
- the main controller recognizes the answer signal by, for example, adopting only the answer signal received first from the answering device and ignoring the answer signal thereafter.
- the infrared signal will be displayed at the top of the answer signal window corresponding to the answer content for each digit. Convert to pulses and send out 5 times sequentially.
- the transponder with ID 0 0 1 is the second period after 250 zs, and the transponder with ID 999 is 1 9 9 9 times that of the second period. It is set to answer in period 0.
- Each transponder can start counting at 200 / s after receiving the frame synchronization signal and decide the response time by itself, but in this method, each responder Timing may be shifted due to oscillator variation. For this reason, in the apparatus of this embodiment, this problem is avoided by counting the synchronization signal from the sensor and the built-in counter is used as a complement for the reception error of the synchronization signal.
- Each transponder can respond, for example, with a maximum of 5 digits in decimal. In other words, as illustrated in Fig. 31C, assuming 10 answer signal windows at 1 as intervals from the beginning of each of the five 50S sections in the period, which pulse should be raised Represents the numerical value of the digit.
- the response pulse when the response “2 3 8 1 7” is given is shown.
- the center emitter / receiver After receiving one answer signal pulse, the center emitter / receiver ignores all incoming pulses in the 50 s section thereafter. As a result, noise is prevented from being suppressed.
- the answerer excitation signal is 10 pulses with two intervals, then one frame synchronization signal at 22 ⁇ s intervals, and then 10 A mode command signal equivalent to 3 digits in hexadecimal is transmitted at intervals of about 50 S, and then, after a lapse of 300 s from the frame synchronization, a set of five ID count pulses specifying the response time of each transponder is transmitted. Is what you do.
- the responder responded by setting the response signal window for signal transmission to a window width of 2 s and setting the latter half of the response interval of 5 O zs, as shown in Fig. 31E. Things.
- Fig. 31F shows an example of the transmitted pulse when the transponder transmits the response pulse of "2 3 8 1 7" in this way.
- the signal delay time due to the difference in distance between the transmitter and receiver due to the difference in the location of the transponder is approximately 300 ns when reciprocating over a distance of 50 m. Since the signal window width is sufficiently small for 1 UL s, this variation can be absorbed. If the response signal window width is set to 2 s, more margin is obtained.
- the main controller can sum up and display the data from the answering device for each series of synchronization and command signal cycles.
- the questioner such as the moderator, observes this aggregation situation, and when the desired number or percentage of answers or desired answer data is obtained, even if the data from all respondents has not been collected. Answer data You can cancel the evening reception. If the total number of data is 100 out of 100, and if 5 items are selected from 10 alternatives, the transfer of all data is completed in about 0.25 s, and even if the total analysis process is performed, it will be 0. The results are collected within 5 seconds, and the results can be obtained without waiting for the questioner, and the next question that reflects this can be made.
- the specific device configuration for executing the above signal flow and processing is as follows.
- the main control unit of the Senyuichi device of the answering and analyzing device is the computer device on which the software capable of analyzing and analyzing is installed, and is the host computer that controls the entire device.
- an infrared signal is transmitted to the transponder by the repeater and the center emitter / receiver.
- the signal from the transponder is received and processed by the transmitter / receiver and the repeater, and passed to the main controller.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the repeater and the transmitter and receiver.
- the command from the main control unit is sent to the repeater 3201, and then sent to the CPU (central processing unit) via the SIO (input / output interface) 3202 of the repeater 3201. ) Is input to 3203, and the CPU 3203 and the FPGA (field programmable gate array) 3204
- the answer command signal described above is generated. This answer command signal is
- the signal is processed by the central emitter / receiver 3208, which is an FPGA, via the Repeater face 3207, converted to infrared light by the transmit block 3209, and answered. It is sent to the container.
- the central emitter / receiver 3208 which is an FPGA
- the infrared light of the response signal from the transponder is received by the reception unit 3210 of the transmission / reception device 3206 and processed by the FPGA 3208.
- the signal is processed by the FPGA 3204 and the CPU 3203 through the interface 1205 of the 201 emitter and receiver.
- the answer signal processed in this way is sent to the main controller, and the answer is tally analyzed.
- Such high-speed processing combining FPGA and CPU is conducive to realizing system real-time processing.
- processing by the CPU and software increases the flexibility of the processing method, but reduces the processing speed, and is inferior to the above in terms of smooth operation with a real-time feeling. .
- FIG. 33 shows a block diagram of the answering device of this embodiment.
- the response command signal from the sensor is received by the light receiving part 3301 of the transponder and is sent to the FPGA.
- control unit composed of 3302 and CPU 3303, and this control unit sends the answer signal corresponding to the answer input from the key unit 3304 of the input unit, and the answer command signal to the ID of the transponder.
- the response signal is generated in the response window within the period specified by, and the response signal is converted into infrared light by the light emitting unit 3306 and is emitted toward the sensor.
- This answering machine was powered by a battery system 3308 consisting of a battery and a charging face.
- the center emitter / receiver can be used to respond to a large number of It is desirable to be able to cover.
- the device of this embodiment is designed so that two units can cover the whole, as shown in the arrangement example in Fig. 22, but three or more units can be connected to the repeater if necessary. .
- the repeater of the present invention can reduce the signal transmission time difference caused by the difference in the length of the connection cable connecting the repeater and each sensor, even when a plurality of transmitters and receivers are used. It has a function for automatic correction.
- This is a block diagram of the center transmitter / receiver / repeater shown in Fig. 32, in which a test pulse is sent to each transmitter / receiver connected to the transmitter / receiver interface simultaneously and the pulse is returned.
- Fig. 22 when the entire center is covered by two center emitters and receivers, they are installed so that the areas covered by them overlap to some extent to improve the reliability of communication. .
- the signals transmitted to and received from the transponder at a short distance are close to each other, so that the intensity is distributed over a wide angle in dogs, and the signal transmitted and received from the transponder at a long distance is distributed over a narrow angle range. Is extremely weak. Therefore, in the center light emitting and receiving device of the present invention, a simulation by a computer and an experiment by a prototype are performed, and a plurality of light emitting elements having a high diffusivity are arranged in a special arrangement in the light emitting portion.
- Fig. 34C in which a plurality of types of light-receiving elements with different directivities are arranged in combination, are shown in Fig. 34A to Fig. 34C.
- Fig. 34A shows a structure in which 16 341 LEDs (LEDs) are arranged in a circular arc shape, and these are arranged in 12 horizontal rows.
- Fig. 34C shows a structure in which an optical system is combined with a laser diode.
- LEDs 16 341 LEDs
- the light-receiving part of the sensor is a wide-angle light-receiving part that uses a wide-directional light-receiving element for signals from a strong short-range transponder that enters from a wide angle, and a weak light from a long-distance transponder. It is desirable to combine a narrow-angle light-receiving unit that captures the most important signals to ensure that infrared signals can be received.
- Fig. 35 shows an example of the light receiving part of the center emitter / receiver that can cover 100 answering devices in a large venue. In this example, two wide directional light-receiving elements 3501 and one narrow directional high-sensitivity light-receiving element 3502 are integrally arranged.
- such a light-emitting part and a light-receiving part are mounted on a stand that can be moved up and down as shown in Fig. 36A or Fig. 36B, and have a structure that can be rotated on both a horizontal surface and an arc surface (cylindrical surface).
- a center emitter / receiver that can provide the desired light distribution and light reception for respondents who have an answering device can be provided.
- the central emitter / receiver in such a distributed arrangement has a structure in which the light emitter shown in Fig. 34A and the light receiver shown in Fig. 35 are combined.
- the direct-type transmitter-receiver shown in Fig. 36A is used. 3 6 0 1, or If the reflection type sensor 3602 shown in Fig. 36B is mounted on a vertically movable stand 3603, it will be smaller and easier to handle.
- Each respondent's transponder must also deal with the fact that the transmitted energy of the transmitted and received infrared light signal decreases in inverse proportion to the square of the distance.
- the answering machine is required to be a hand-operated, battery-operated, non-wiring type, and it is also desirable to be inexpensive. Therefore, the transponder circuit is simplified and the power consumption is minimized, the transmission output is obtained efficiently, and the signal is not affected by the saturation of a large-intensity signal from a short distance, and it is not affected from a long distance.
- FIG. 37A shows an example of the light-emitting unit designed by computer simulation and experiment with a prototype, where 3701 is an LED array, 3702 is an outer vessel, and 3703 is This is a light distribution correction plate.
- FIG. 37B is a diagram showing a horizontal cross section of the light emitting plate and a light distribution of infrared light.
- FIG. 37C is a diagram showing a vertical cross section of the light emitting plate and a light distribution of infrared light.
- Fig. 38A and Fig. 38B show the experimental data of the infrared light projection range of the light emitting unit shown in Fig. 37A to Fig. 37C.
- the infrared light emitted from the transponder at 3 degrees left and right and 2.6 degrees up and down is ⁇ 9.0 ° in the horizontal direction and ⁇ 9.0 ° in the vertical direction as shown in Fig. 38A.
- the light-receiving part of the transponder should be equipped with two types of light-receiving elements, similar to the center emitter and receiver, assuming that it is placed near and far from the transmitter and receiver. Due to size and cost constraints, one narrow-angle, high-sensitivity photodiode was used.
- the infrared light signal to be received has a pulse waveform for the time being, but has a large attenuation at long distances, and due to the characteristics of the light receiving element, the converted electric signal is a weak signal with a tail before and after. Therefore, before performing digital processing, it is necessary to first amplify this signal in an analog manner to a signal level that can be used in a digital circuit.
- the amplifier circuit shown in FIG. 39 was newly developed and used.
- a signal of infrared light is converted into an electric signal by a photodiode 390, amplified by this amplifier circuit, and output from an output terminal 390 as a detection signal.
- This amplifier circuit is an embodiment configured in multiple stages using the amplifier circuit described in FIG. 9A.
- the amplification circuit at each stage of this amplification circuit uses a digital element in which the output voltage switches by switching when the input voltage exceeds a certain value, and provides feedback between the input terminal and the output terminal of this digital element.
- a circuit in which the ratio of the output voltage change to the input voltage change in the switching transition that is, the circuit in which the amplification factor is adjusted, is cascaded in multiple stages by selecting the ratio of this feedback resistance to the input-side resistance. It is configured. By adjusting the amplification factor of each stage by the ratio of the feedback resistance to the input-side resistance, a simple circuit configuration could not be obtained easily with a conventional amplifier using analog elements. The above high amplification rate was realized.
- Digital logic elements such as C-MOS that can be used in this embodiment are generally Is manufactured and sold in one package with six gates. However, if these elements are connected in cascade, they oscillate and cannot be used. Therefore, a single digital logic element was used in the transponder of the present embodiment. On the other hand, it is a general 6-gate, 1-package digital logic element. When all the gates in a package are used in parallel, noise is reduced, gain is increased, and cost is also advantageous. I was sorry.
- the circuit shown in Fig. 40 is one example. If all six elements 4001 in a package are connected in parallel, and Rf and Ri are connected to this, only 60 stages of amplification can be achieved with only two stages of amplification. Is obtained. This is because the internal resistance is 1/6 times, the gain is 6 times, and the noise is (1/6) 12 times by the parallel connection of 6 gate circuits. In this circuit configuration, general-purpose products can be used, so it is inexpensive and the number of amplification stages can be reduced. However, power consumption increases by parallel connection. Therefore, in this embodiment, this circuit configuration is used for amplification of the center device.
- Fig. 41 shows that the resistors 4101 to 4104 that provide the input bias voltage of the four-stage amplifier shown in Fig.
- the bias 39 are connected to the negative voltage side and the positive voltage side for each amplification stage.
- the bias is set by switching the direction for each amplification stage.
- the input pulse converted from the infrared light signal to the electric signal by the photodiode 4110 in the same figure is amplified in one direction, and the required side is amplified to increase the terminal 4 1
- a highly amplified signal output could be obtained from 20 and ringing due to excessive input signals could be compressed.
- Fig. 42 uses a diode to perform unidirectional amplification in the same manner as in Fig. 40.
- a diode 4201 is provided at the input stage of the amplifier, and the first and second stages of the amplifier are further provided.
- diodes 4202 and 4203 respectively connecting the input terminal and the output terminal of the amplifier, and the diode 4202 has a forward direction from the output side to the input side, Diode 4 In 203, the direction from the input side to the output side was the forward direction.
- the input pulse converted from the infrared light signal to the electric signal by the photodiode 420 of FIG. 1 is amplified in one direction, and the amplification degree on the amplification side can be increased. Also the ringing could be compressed.
- the above-described amplifier circuit used in the present embodiment stably achieves a high amplification factor of 80 dB or more, and does not require two power supplies including a high-voltage bias unlike a conventional analog amplifier circuit.
- various additional components to prevent oscillation and an AGC circuit to prevent saturation of strong input signals from a short distance could be omitted.
- the use of an amplifier with such a configuration was extremely useful.
- the conventional analog amplifier once it is saturated with a large signal, it takes time to return to a normal bias point, and during that time signal amplification is hindered.
- the amplifier using the digital logic element of this embodiment is used. It was also found that had the advantage that saturation did not affect the amplification effect.
- the amplification factor of an amplifier circuit using this digital element is given by the ratio of the feedback resistance R f to the input resistance R i including the internal resistance, R f / R i.
- the first and second stages increase R f to increase the amplification factor
- the third and fourth stages reduce R f to increase stability. Overall good.
- the transponder is also located at a very short distance, for example, several meters from the center emitter / receiver, while it is also located at a distance of more than 50 m. For this reason, besides the difference in transmission path length between the transponder and the transmitter / receiver, variations in the characteristics of the multiple light emitter / receiver elements used in the transmitter / receiver, Variations in the characteristics of the elements, and variations in the timing of the pulses that occur when shaping the deformed waveform during photoelectric conversion of a long-distance received signal, cause variations in the timing of the signal before digital processing. .
- the amplifier having the above configuration is suitable as an amplifier circuit used for amplifying an electric signal detected from infrared light.
- the amplifier used in the present invention is not limited to this type.
- the application of the amplifier having the above-described configuration is not limited only to the present apparatus.
- the answer totaling / analyzing apparatus of the present invention uses communication by infrared light space transmission, and is not of the wired type, so that the answering machine can be easily installed or removed.
- the work time for installation and removal was greatly reduced, for example, about 110 compared to the wired method.
- the cost of the transponder was high and the number of transponders was limited to about 300, while the system was relatively simple. Since the answering machine can be configured, the cost of the answering machine can be reduced by an order of magnitude compared to the ordinary wireless system using electromagnetic waves, and the number of answering machines can be increased. It is now possible to perform large-scale aggregation analysis in large venues using.
- the infrared light transmission communication method is different from communication using radio frequency electromagnetic waves, it does not cause interference with other communication devices and electronic devices. It can be used without such restrictions.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2001571274A JP3793722B2 (ja) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-28 | 赤外光通信を用いた回答の集計分析装置 |
EP01917512A EP1280082A4 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-28 | APPARATUS FOR TOTALIZING AND ANALYZING RESPONSES USING INFRARED OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, AND COMPATIBLE SIGNAL AMPLIFIER |
AU2001244571A AU2001244571A1 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-28 | Apparatus for totaling/analyzing replies using infrared optical communication, and signal amplifier suitable for that apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2000-88623 | 2000-03-28 | ||
JP2000088623 | 2000-03-28 |
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WO2001073630A1 true WO2001073630A1 (fr) | 2001-10-04 |
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ID=18604477
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2001/002528 WO2001073630A1 (fr) | 2000-03-28 | 2001-03-28 | Appareil destine a totaliser et a analyser des reponses au moyen de la communication optique infrarouge, et amplificateur de signal compatible |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030043025A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1280082A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3793722B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20030017487A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2001244571A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001073630A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005046091A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Media Technical | 回答集計分析装置 |
JP2008009558A (ja) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-17 | Microtechno Corp | 出席管理システム |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7805486B2 (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2010-09-28 | Netcentrics, Inc. | Meeting effectiveness indicator and method |
US7533813B2 (en) | 2005-04-21 | 2009-05-19 | Iml Limited | Wireless voting method |
US7355478B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2008-04-08 | Andrew Corporation | RF amplifier with pulse detection and bias control |
US9453976B2 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-09-27 | Apple Inc. | Optical connector |
Citations (7)
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JPS56100545A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-08-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Remote response device |
JPS58117737A (ja) * | 1982-01-06 | 1983-07-13 | Fujitsu Kiden Ltd | 無線を使用した集計方式 |
JPS5932331A (ja) * | 1982-08-12 | 1984-02-21 | 富士通機電株式会社 | 無線を使用したスイツチ操作状態の判別方式 |
JPS61264937A (ja) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-22 | Hochiki Corp | アンケ−ト集計装置 |
JPH02166898A (ja) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-06-27 | Fujitsu Ltd | 単一無線周波数を利用するデータ収集方式 |
JPH04296990A (ja) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 投票計数機 |
JPH0744628A (ja) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-02-14 | Nec Corp | 公営競技場内無線投票システム |
Family Cites Families (11)
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DE3818168A1 (de) * | 1988-05-26 | 1990-04-05 | Krone Ag | Empfangsvorverstaerker fuer eine optische nachrichtenuebertragungsstrecke |
US5204768A (en) * | 1991-02-12 | 1993-04-20 | Mind Path Technologies, Inc. | Remote controlled electronic presentation system |
JPH06292284A (ja) * | 1993-03-30 | 1994-10-18 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | 赤外線式リモートコントローラの送信パルス出力方式 |
WO1995015624A1 (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1995-06-08 | Radiance Communications, Inc | Infrared local area network |
AU5861294A (en) * | 1994-01-14 | 1995-08-01 | Bienvenido Gil, S.L. | Infrared system for inquiry and response |
JP2959666B2 (ja) * | 1994-11-15 | 1999-10-06 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション | 無線通信装置 |
JP3228864B2 (ja) * | 1995-12-13 | 2001-11-12 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 発光装置およびその製造方法 |
JPH09252285A (ja) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-22 | Toshiba Corp | 近赤外線通信装置 |
JPH10322152A (ja) * | 1997-05-19 | 1998-12-04 | Fujitsu Ltd | デジタルagc回路 |
US6486992B1 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 2002-11-26 | Sony Corporation | Modulating and demodulating method and transmitting method of control apparatus and control apparatus |
US7099589B1 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2006-08-29 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Space-division multiplex full-duplex local area network |
-
2001
- 2001-03-28 EP EP01917512A patent/EP1280082A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-03-28 US US10/240,087 patent/US20030043025A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-28 WO PCT/JP2001/002528 patent/WO2001073630A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-28 KR KR1020027012877A patent/KR20030017487A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-28 AU AU2001244571A patent/AU2001244571A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-28 JP JP2001571274A patent/JP3793722B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56100545A (en) * | 1980-01-16 | 1981-08-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Remote response device |
JPS58117737A (ja) * | 1982-01-06 | 1983-07-13 | Fujitsu Kiden Ltd | 無線を使用した集計方式 |
JPS5932331A (ja) * | 1982-08-12 | 1984-02-21 | 富士通機電株式会社 | 無線を使用したスイツチ操作状態の判別方式 |
JPS61264937A (ja) * | 1985-05-20 | 1986-11-22 | Hochiki Corp | アンケ−ト集計装置 |
JPH02166898A (ja) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-06-27 | Fujitsu Ltd | 単一無線周波数を利用するデータ収集方式 |
JPH04296990A (ja) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 投票計数機 |
JPH0744628A (ja) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-02-14 | Nec Corp | 公営競技場内無線投票システム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of EP1280082A4 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005046091A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-05-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Media Technical | 回答集計分析装置 |
JP2008009558A (ja) * | 2006-06-27 | 2008-01-17 | Microtechno Corp | 出席管理システム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1280082A4 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
EP1280082A1 (en) | 2003-01-29 |
US20030043025A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
AU2001244571A1 (en) | 2001-10-08 |
JP3793722B2 (ja) | 2006-07-05 |
KR20030017487A (ko) | 2003-03-03 |
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