Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
  • E04D5/02—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form of materials impregnated with sealing substances, e.g. roofing felt
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
  • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
  • D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D21H13/24—Polyesters
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
  • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
  • D21H13/38—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous
  • D21H13/40—Inorganic fibres or flakes siliceous vitreous, e.g. mineral wool, glass fibres
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2484—Coating or impregnation is water absorbency-increasing or hydrophilicity-increasing or hydrophilicity-imparting
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2861—Coated or impregnated synthetic organic fiber fabric
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2926—Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric
  • Y10T442/2992—Coated or impregnated glass fiber fabric

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of fiber-based sheet materials and relates more particularly to a glass veil usable as a substrate for the production of products coated, coated or impregnated with bitumen, in particular for roofing applications and / or sealing.
• bituminous membranes which are applied to the surface to be covered or waterproofed. These membranes generally consist of a sheet substrate coated or impregnated with a bituminous matrix.
• the sheet materials can be of various kinds and are usually obtained from organic or mineral fibers, preferably in the form of nonwovens.
• glass veils are of great interest because they guarantee the dimensional stability over time of the bituminous membrane.
• Glass veils can be obtained by any technique known per se, in particular the so-called wet technique, described in particular in the reference work The Manufacturing Technology of Continuous Glass Fibers, KL LOEWENSTEIN, Ed. ELSEVIER, 2 nd edition, 1983, pp 315-317.
• This technique which is similar to papermaking techniques, consists in preparing an aqueous suspension of cut glass fibers, depositing this suspension in a film on a filtering mat subjected to suction to remove part of the water from the deposited film, applying a binder composition to the wet film, drying the veil and crosslinking the binder in an oven, then conditioning the veil as desired.
• the final product is in the form of a fairly thin sheet (thickness of the order of 0.2 to 0.8 generally packaged in rolls.
• the binder is often an aqueous composition based on urea-formaldehyde resin, this resin having a satisfactory temperature resistance at the temperatures of subsequent implementation of the impregnation bitumen.
• Glass sails however, have the disadvantage of relatively low tear resistance, which penalizes user comfort and in particular forces the user to take precautions during handling to form the membrane or place it on the roof.
• the invention aims to provide a glass-based material whose tear resistance is improved, without its manufacture being more complicated than that of a traditional veil.
• EP-A-0 763 505 describes a glass fiber mat for the manufacture of bituminous roofing shingles, the resistance of which is improved by means of a urea-formaldehyde binder modified by a self-crosslinking vinyl additive.
• a minor proportion of fibers may not be made of glass, and in particular be selected from organic fibers such as Nylon ®, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene. This document does not give any precise indication on these organic fibers, and does not contain any particular example illustrating this possibility.
• the present invention is based on the discovery that many organic fibers are not suitable for the manufacture of a veil and even have a very negative effect on the properties of the veil in the application to bituminous coverings, but that a selection very precise synthetic materials overcomes this drawback.
• the subject of the invention is a fiber-based veil which can be used for the constitution of bituminous membranes, comprising glass fibers and organic fibers linked by a binder, characterized in that the fibers have a shrinkage rate at 130 ° C less than or equal to 5%.
• glass veil includes, according to the invention, materials well known to those skilled in the art of fiberglass-based products. These are thin sheet materials, with an essentially isotropic structure, that is to say that there is no preferential orientation of the fibers.
• a veil In practice, one can qualify a veil by means of the "isotropy ratio", tensile strength of the veil in the machine direction. ,,. __ _ . ,, __; , which is generally of the order tensile strength of the web in the cross direction of 1, in particular of the order of 1 to 1.5, sometimes going up to 2.
• This essentially random orientation of the fibers is generally obtained from the presentation of the glass fibers in chopped strands for the manufacture of the veil, for example according to the wet technique mentioned above.
• the choice of organic fibers according to the above criterion gives the veil a good quality, and in particular a mechanical and thermal resistance compatible with the subsequent use of impregnation with bitumen, while the other fibers give the veil a thermal resistance. and / or insufficient mechanical.
• the organic fibers used in the manufacture of the veil have a high melting point to prevent their degradation in all the thermal stages of the manufacture of the veil, in particular drying and crosslinking in an oven, and of implementation of the veil, particular in contact with the bituminous binder.
• the synthetic organic material is chosen to have a melting point greater than about 220 ° C.
• the fibers are selected according to their rate of thermal shrinkage: this quantity corresponds to the dimensional variation, in this case a shortening, of the fiber after it has been exposed to a given temperature for a defined time. .
• the determining shrinkage rates according to the invention are expressed for a temperature of 130 ° C. produced in a vapor atmosphere for a period of 30 min.
• the shrinkage is chosen to be less than or equal to 5%, preferably 4%, in particular 3%, for example of the order of 2 to 3%.
• this quality of fiber can be obtained from semi-crystalline polymer materials, in particular whose spinning process makes it possible to carry out a drawing which increases the rate of crystallinite.
• Other manufacturing conditions such as the presence of nucleating agents or the temperature factor can also lead to the organization of the basic macromolecules so that the polymer of initial amorphous structure begins to take on a crystalline structure and become semi-crystalline.
• Fibers meeting the requirements of the invention can be found among polyester fibers, in particular polyalkylene terephthalate, in particular polyethylene terephthalate.
• the organic fibers can have variable dimensions, with an average diameter of the order of 7 to 25 ⁇ m, for a titer of the order of 0.5 to
• the fibers are advantageously cut to a length of the order of one or a few tens of millimeters, in particular from 6 to 30 mm.
• the effect of organic fibers is clearly noticeable from 5% by weight relative to the total weight of fibers.
• the proportion of organic fibers is advantageously of the order of 5 to 30%, in particular from 20 to 30%, in particular about 25% by weight relative to the total weight of fibers.
• the glass fibers used according to the invention are of a conventional type for making a veil, preferably in the form of cut threads, to a length of the order of ten millimeters, in particular of
• the binder used to constitute the veil is advantageously based on urea-formaldehyde resin, preferably modified with vinyl and / or acrylic additives, in the known manner in particular from US Pat. No. 4,681,802, EP-A-0 763 505.
• the rate of binder is generally 15 to 30% by weight of dry matter relative to the veil.
• the veil is manufactured with a usual grammage for glass veils, of the order of 30 to 150 g / m 2 , in particular from 50 to 120 g / m 2 .
• the amount of material in the veil according to the invention for a given grammage is slightly greater than that contained in a glass veil, which results in a thickness relatively higher and / or lower porosity.
• the porosity is for example of the order of 1500 to
• the invention also relates to a bituminous membrane comprising a substrate coated, coated or impregnated with a bituminous matrix, characterized in that the substrate is a veil as described above.
• the bituminous matrix can be chosen from among the matrices known per se: natural bitumen, modified or not, or synthetic binder, such as "clear binder" making it possible in particular to give the membrane a decorative color.
• aqueous suspension of fibers is prepared in which the fibers comprise:
• cut glass wire E having a filament diameter of 10 ⁇ m and a linear mass of 360 tex, the cutting length being 12 mm,
• This wire is characterized by a filament diameter of 12 ⁇ m and a linear mass of 1.4 dtex, the cutting length being 15 mm. It is a polyethylene terephthalate wire stretched to increase its crystallinity, which has a shrinkage rate of the order of 2% at 130 ° C. in a humid environment for 30 minutes of exposure, and a rate of shrinkage of 3% at 170 ° C in a dry atmosphere for 15 minutes of exposure.
• the fiber suspension which also contains the usual additives, namely anti-foam, dispersant, viscosity agent, is used under standard conditions on a veil making machine comprising
• test pieces are cut in the longitudinal direction and 10 test pieces in the transverse direction, 50 mm wide and 250 mm long.
• the specimen is fixed between the jaws of a traction machine, and the mobile gripper drive system is actuated until the sample breaks: the values of the breaking force are then noted (in Newton ) and elongation at break (as a percentage of the nominal length).
• a measurement is also made of the tensile strength at 250 ° C. under a fixed load equal to 10% of the breaking value measured previously, and the time necessary to arrive at the breaking of the test piece is measured.
• Tear resistance From the web sample, 10 test pieces are cut in the longitudinal direction and 10 test pieces in the transverse direction, 50 mm wide and 100 mm long.
• Example 1 On each test piece, a clean cut is made from the edge of a small side parallel to the long sides, halfway between the long sides and 50 mm long. On a traction machine, the distance between the jaws is adjusted so that it is equal to 50 mm, the specimen is blocked in the jaws and the dynamometer is actuated by setting the climb speed to 100 mm / min . The maximum load (in N) is noted when the test piece is completely dissociated into two parts. Tear resistance is expressed as the average of the ten measurements. The veil of Example 1 has very satisfactory mechanical and dimensional stability characteristics. It was implemented on a continuous production line of bituminous membrane by impregnation with hot bitumen at around 200 ° C, having a good impregnation ability, even giving the membrane a very satisfactory aesthetic appearance. Comparative example 1
• a veil is produced exclusively based on glass wire, as indicated in Example 1.
• the veil has a grammage of 50 g / m 2 , a binder content of 24% by weight of dry matter relative to the weight of veil, a thickness of 0.3 mm and a porosity of 2000 l / m 2 .s. It is subjected to the same mechanical tests as the veil of Example 1.
• Example 1 is reproduced with an organic fiber which does not meet the criteria of the invention. It is polyester fiber marketed by TERGAL FIBERS under the reference l, 6dtex TllO semi-matt cut, also dispersible in water, characterized by a titer of 1.6 dtex, a cutting length of 12 mm, a rate shrinkage at 130 ° C in a 7% vapor atmosphere.
• polyester fiber marketed by TERGAL FIBERS under the reference l, 6dtex TllO semi-matt cut, also dispersible in water, characterized by a titer of 1.6 dtex, a cutting length of 12 mm, a rate shrinkage at 130 ° C in a 7% vapor atmosphere.
• a veil of 50 g / m 2 is produced , with a binder content of 24% by weight, a thickness of 0.3 to 0.4 mm and a porosity of 1700 l / m 2 .s. Manufacturing poses problems in the end, because we observe the formation of folds at the outlet of the oven, which can be attributed to a phenomenon of thermal shrinkage of the organic fiber.
• the veil has low mechanical resistance, deteriorated compared to the conventional glass veil. It is observed in particular that the anisotropy of the veil is greatly increased. In addition, the mechanical resistance at 250 ° C is nonexistent.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
• Surface Treatment Of Glass Fibres Or Filaments (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

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• 2000
  • 2000-02-09 FR FR0001611A patent/FR2804677B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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