WO2001056784A1 - Selbstverstärkte, thermoplastisch formbare platte aus poly(meth)acrylat, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie aus der platte hergestellter sanitärartikel - Google Patents
Selbstverstärkte, thermoplastisch formbare platte aus poly(meth)acrylat, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie aus der platte hergestellter sanitärartikel Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001056784A1 WO2001056784A1 PCT/EP2001/000487 EP0100487W WO0156784A1 WO 2001056784 A1 WO2001056784 A1 WO 2001056784A1 EP 0100487 W EP0100487 W EP 0100487W WO 0156784 A1 WO0156784 A1 WO 0156784A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
- B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31928—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to thermoplastic, self-reinforced sheets made of poly (meth) acrylate, processes for producing such poly (meth) acrylate sheets and sanitary articles such as bathtubs, shower trays or wash basins, which can be produced from these semi-finished sheets.
- the present invention relates to self-reinforced, thermoplastic moldable sheets made of poly (meth) acrylate, which have at least two layers which differ in their filler content, the filler content indicating the percentage of the weight of the reinforcing fillers in the total weight of the respective layer ,
- These polyacrylate sheets are used in particular for the production of sanitary items, such as bathtubs, shower trays and sinks.
- sanitary articles are manufactured using a multi-stage, at least four-stage, manufacturing process.
- an acrylic sheet is made, which is then thermoformed. Due to the insufficient mechanical strength of the molded body, a reinforcing layer must be applied. This is done by spraying a glass fiber styrene mixture onto the back of the molded body. To reinforce the floor area, a wooden plate is often inserted, which is also fixed by spraying on glass fiber-containing resin material.
- the reinforcing layer consists of a cold-curing (meth) acrylate resin, which has a
- applying the reinforcement layer in a spraying process is not without its problems, at least from the point of view of occupational safety, especially due to the health risk to the workforce.
- WO 97/46625 PCT / GB97 / 01523 (ICI) proposes to reduce the risk to the work and operating personnel by using aqueous hardener systems to harden the (meth) acrylate system to be sprayed on.
- aqueous hardener systems to harden the (meth) acrylate system to be sprayed on.
- the impairment caused by solvents ethyl methyl ketone, other ketones, organic solvents and the like
- spray application is itself a work process that is not entirely free of dangers. For example, the finest distribution of comparatively volatile polymerizable constituents that is unavoidable when spraying is
- the task of the invention was to create completely recyclable (self-) reinforced plates made of poly (meth) acrylate (“acrylic glass plates”).
- the semi-finished product should be able to be manufactured and processed using the currently technically customary production processes.
- Another object of the invention is to provide fully recyclable moldings, such as preferably
- Another object of the invention is to be seen in providing plate-shaped semi-finished products from which sanitary articles, such as bathtubs or preferably
- Poly (meth) acrylate sheets represent a particular danger, being pushed back as far as possible.
- Another task is to provide an impact-resistant semi-finished product in the form of a poly (meth) acrylate plate.
- both the new semi-finished product (plate-shaped body) and the new sanitary article (molded body) that can be produced therefrom should be as simple as possible to manufacture.
- Poly (meth) acrylate sheets play a significant role.
- Poly (meth) crylate sheets which have high and / or improved values with regard to one, several or all of the mechanical parameters such as tear resistance, flexural strength (measured on the inside (top) of the acrylic glass part), flexural strength (measured on the back (underside)), modulus of elasticity, impact resistance (measured on the side of the acrylic glass part, on the inside or on the top), impact strength (measured on the back (corresponds to “coating side” in the prior art)).
- Polyacrylate sheets are the subject of the claims referring back to the independent product claim.
- a plate made of poly (meth) acrylate has at least two layers which differ in their filler content, the ratio of elongation at break of the layer with higher filler content to elongation at break of the layer with lower filler content being less than 1.5 it is possible to provide a poly (meth) acrylate plate from which, for example by simple thermoforming processes known per se, sanitary articles can be produced, all of which are used by the standard institutes and industrial processors with regard to the physical
- Poly (meth) acrylate plate and the sanitary article commercially available machines and systems are used, so that the use of expensive special tools can be largely avoided.
- self-reinforced poly (meth) acrylate sheets or self-reinforced sheets made of poly (meth) acrylate are sheets or semi-finished products which have at least two layers which differ in their filler content.
- Panels are to be understood to mean flat structures which can be round, angular and semicircular.
- the term "self-reinforced” is composed of “reinforcement” and “self”.
- "Reinforcement” here refers to the improvement of mechanical properties in relation to a comparable plate, which, however, does not have a layer with a high filler content. It can be determined, for example, by the modulus of elasticity according to DIN 53 457. Every increase in the modulus of elasticity should be seen as a reinforcement.
- the poly (meth) acrylate plate must contain at least two layers which differ in their filler content.
- the filler content indicates the percentage of reinforcing fillers in the total weight of the respective layer (w / w)%.
- essentially non-reinforcing fillers such as color pigments or other additives known per se, are also possible. However, they are not taken into account when determining the content of reinforcing fillers for determining the weight of the reinforcing fillers, but only when determining the total weight of the respective layer.
- the ratio of filler content of the layer with a higher filler content to filler content of the layer with a lower filler content is preferably greater than 2, particularly preferably greater than 4 and very particularly preferably greater than 8 or 16, based on the weight of the fillers.
- the proportion of filler in the layer with a lower filler content is in the range from 0 to less than 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the layer, whereas the filler fraction of the layer with a higher filler content is generally in the range from 20 to 80% by weight, based on the total weight of the layer with a higher or high content of reinforcing agents fillers
- a particularly expedient variant provides that the layer with a lower filler content is completely free of reinforcing fillers. In this way, it is possible in particular to provide high-gloss surfaces, as is desirable for sanitary-grade acrylic glass.
- Fillers are additives in solid form, which differ significantly in composition and structure from the poly (meth) acrylate matrix. These can be both inorganic and organic materials.
- the type, shape and amount of the fillers contained in the sheet-like semi-finished product can be varied over a wide range, depending on the particular intended use.
- the fillers which can advantageously be used in the production of the self-reinforced semi-finished product include talc, dolomite, natural adhesions of talc and dolomite, mica, quartz, chlorite, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, clays, silicon dioxide, silicates, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates,
- silanized types of fillers are also preferred, since better matrix adhesion can be achieved by silanization compared to fillers that are not silanized.
- the filler types are minerals that have mica (mica), chlorite (chlorite), quartz (quartz), such as ® plastorite types from Naintsch, adhesions of talc with dolomite, in particular adhesions of white talc with pure dolomite, BC -Microtypes from Naintsch, ® D0RSILIT- crystal quartz powder from Dorfner, ® SIL-CELL microcellular additive combinations from Stauss, St. Polten, TM Scotchlite micro-glass spheres from 3M, TM Dualite polymer microspheres from Pierce &
- microparticles a whole series of such microparticles can be used. Basically, they are hollow particles which can be regular or irregular, but which are preferably spherical or spherical and have inert gas in their cavity.
- the hollow microspheres that can be used basically include hollow microspheres made of different materials, such as
- Hollow plastic microspheres consisting of polymers, such as e.g. Polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polyethylene terephthalate; also preferred are hollow microspheres made from copolymers or terpolymers, which are based on monomers which form the copolymers mentioned.
- polymers such as e.g. Polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polybutadiene, polyethylene terephthalate
- copolymers or terpolymers which are based on monomers which form the copolymers mentioned.
- Examples of such polymers and copolymers which form the hollow spheres themselves include vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer, polyvinylidene chloride, acrylonitrile vinylidene chloride copolymer, Acrylonitrile methacrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile-divinylbenzene-vinylidene chloride copolymer u. the like
- Mixtures of hollow microspheres can preferably also be used within the scope of the invention.
- the hollow microspheres or microparticles which can be used according to the invention can be coated with coatings in order to adapt the processing properties or to vary the reinforcing properties.
- Modifications from simple hollow microspheres are also particularly suitable.
- those hollow microspheres which consist of polymers which are coated with mineral substances in order to ensure better stability against the influence of the surrounding medium.
- the coating of the hollow microspheres can be made from very fine-grained minerals such as Calcium carbonate, quartz, mica, aluminum hydroxide, cristobalite and the like exist.
- Hollow microspheres are particularly preferred, especially those made of plastic, which are coated with calcium carbonate.
- gas-filled hollow microspheres made of plastic include ® Dualite types, for example ® Dualite M 6032, (Pierce & Stevens Corp.); ® Expancel types, e.g. ® Expancel 642 WU, s Ropaque types, e.g. ® Ropaque OP 62 (Rohm and Haas Co.), Matsumoto Microsphere, for example Microsphere F-30E (Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co. Ltd.) and the like.
- ® Dualite types for example ® Dualite M 6032, (Pierce & Stevens Corp.)
- ® Expancel types e.g. ® Expancel 642 WU
- s Ropaque types e.g. ® Ropaque OP 62 (Rohm and Haas Co.)
- Matsumoto Microsphere for example Microsphere F-30E (Matsumoto Yushi Seiyaku Co. Ltd.) and the like.
- the filler types mentioned can have different morphologies. They can be spherical or aspherical, with fibrous or splintered fillers being less preferred. Advantageous self-reinforcing semi-finished products with particularly good combinations of properties are obtained when the reinforcing fillers contained have a platelet-like or needle-like shape. Spherical and in particular platelet-shaped or needle-like fillers enable the particles to be aligned along the shape of the semifinished product into sanitary articles, for example by high-performance deformation processes such as deep-drawing the semifinished product
- This orientation of the reinforcing filler particles preferably parallel to the surface of the plate-shaped semi-finished product, can ensure a balanced stiffness-impact strength ratio in the sanitary article resulting from shaping, enables a good surface quality of the sanitary article, ensures sufficient flow seam strength, can improve the heat resistance and generally exercises one positive influence on the feel of the finished sanitary articles.
- a special embodiment of the semifinished product resulting according to the invention is present when the filler particles used are layer fillers.
- the size of the filler particles can also play a role in the quality of the semi-finished product according to the invention.
- the stiffness of the semi-finished product and thus the resulting sanitary article can be controlled by a suitable size of the fillers.
- Fillers are generally used in the grain size range from approximately 0.01 to approximately 100 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the filler used is expedient in the range from 0.01 to 80 ⁇ m, in particular in the range from 0.05 to 30 ⁇ m, very particularly expedient in the range from 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the residue of the fillers used is less than two percent by weight with a 20 ⁇ m sieving.
- all layers or layers of the poly (meth) acrylate sheet of the invention can be reinforcing
- the thickness of the poly (meth) acrylate plate and thus of the individual layers depends, among other things, on the intended use.
- thin poly (meth) acrylate sheets can be processed particularly easily as semi-finished products and have cost advantages due to material savings, on the other hand, the stability of the sheet increases with the thickness, so that no restrictive statements can be made about the thickness of the sheet and thus of the individual layers .
- the plate comprises two layers, the thickness of the two layers is in each case in the range from 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably in the range from 1 to 7.5 mm.
- a special self-reinforced, thermoplastic moldable plate according to the invention is characterized in that the thickness of the layer with a lower filler content in
- Range of 2 to 4 mm in particular in the range of 2.5 to 3.5 mm, while the thickness of the layer with a higher filler content is in the range of 3 to 8 mm, preferably 4 to 6 mm.
- the polyacrylate plate according to the invention has at least two layers with different filler content. This means that the polyacrylate plate can also comprise, for example, three, four or five layers, which can have different flexibility, strength and surface properties.
- a bathtub can be obtained from a poly (meth) acrylate plate in a manner known per se by shaping processes, such as thermoforming, also known as deep drawing, it is necessary according to the invention that the rheological properties of the plate meet certain requirements.
- the ratio of elongation at break of the layer with a higher filler content to elongation at break of the layer with a lower filler content must be less than 1.5, preferably less than 1, so that from a semi-finished product (poly (meth) acrylate plate) by deep drawing shower trays or bathtubs can be obtained.
- the ratio of elongation at break of the layer with a higher filler content to elongation at break of the layer with a lower filler content is preferably in the range from 0.8 to 0.1 and very particularly preferably in the range from 0.6 to 0.1.
- the elongation at break is determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 527-2 (force transducer IkN, preload 0.05 MPa, speed 50 mm / min, holding time with preload 12 min, test speed 500 mm / min, test temperature 190 ° C, conditioning: 16h normal climate ,
- Elongation at break is a complex parameter that depends on many factors. These include the
- the elongations at break i.e. the ratio of the elongations at break of the at least two layers are in the ranges mentioned.
- the influence of the fillers on this property cannot be described by a generally applicable formula.
- additives such as, for example, lubricants to increase the flowability, or polymers with very high levels
- the elongation at break of the layer with a higher content of fuels is advantageously in the range from 50 to 450%, preferably in the range from 100 to 300% and particularly preferably between 100 and 200%.
- a layer with a lower filler content preferably has an elongation at break in the range from 300 to 1500%, advantageously in the range from 600 to 1200% and particularly advantageously the elongation at break of such a layer is between 700 and 1100%.
- the resulting self-reinforced poly (meth) acrylate sheets generally have elongations at break in the range from 150 to 900%, preferably in the range from 200 to 600% and particularly favorably in the range from 300% and more.
- the individual layers can be obtained, inter alia, by extrusion processes or by casting processes. Both methods are known from the literature (cf. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Fifth Edition on CD-ROM, 1998 edition, keyword “polymethacrylates”).
- a preferred embodiment of a layer with a low filler content can be obtained by polymerizing a (meth) acrylate system which contains:
- components a1) to a5) are selected so that they give 30 to 100% by weight of a) and components b1 to b2) are selected so that they give 0 to 70% by weight of b), while a) and b) together give 100 percent by weight of component A),
- Polymerization of a (meth) acrylate system can be obtained which contains: A) a) (meth) acrylate 50-100% by weight al) methyl (meth) acrylate 0-100% by weight a2) C2-C4 (meth ) acrylate 0 - 99.99% by weight a3)> C 5 (meth) acrylate 0 - 99.99% by weight a4) polyvalent (meth) acrylic oil 00-50% by weight a5) urethane (meth) acrylate 0.01 - 50 wt. b) comonomers 0 - 50 wt. -% bl) vinyl aromatics 0 - 35 wt. % b2) vinyl ester 0 - 35 wt. -%
- components a) to b) are chosen so that they total 100 percent by weight, while al) to a5) together make up 50 to 100 percent by weight and bl) and b2) together make up 0 to 50 percent by weight,
- Component A) is an essential component of the (meth) acrylate system to be polymerized.
- a component in parentheses stands for its optional usability, i. H. (Meth) acrylate stands for acrylate and / or methacrylate.
- the monomer component A) contains at least 30% by weight for layers with a lower filler content and at least 50% by weight (meth) acrylate for layers with a higher filler content, monovalent (meth) acrylates with a C] - C4 ester radical being preferred. Longer chain esters, ie those with a C5 or longer chain ester residue are limited to 50% by weight in component A).
- the long-chain (meth) acrylates in the specified amount make the system more impact-resistant.
- these esters make the semi-finished product more flexible, but also softer, which would limit the properties of use in amounts above 50% by weight.
- component A) can also contain other comonomers, the proportion of which is limited to 70 or 50% by weight.
- vinyl aromatics and / or vinyl esters can each contain up to 35 or 50% by weight in component A). Higher proportions of vinyl aromatics are difficult to polymerize in and can lead to segregation of the system. Higher proportions of vinyl esters can continue to cure insufficiently at low temperatures and tend to shrink more.
- Component A) is preferably composed of 80-100% by weight and particularly preferably 90-100% by weight of (meth) acrylates, since semi-finished products with processing and usage properties favorable for sanitary articles can be achieved with these monomers.
- Acrylates the proportion of C 2 -C 4 esters ⁇ i n (meth) is preferably limited to 50 wt .-% in component A), these esters are preferably max. 30% by weight and particularly advantageous at max. Contain 20% by weight in component A). This makes it possible to build up particularly flexible layers.
- Suitable monofunctional (meth) acrylates are in particular methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate,
- Particularly suitable comonomers are vinyl toluene, styrene and vinyl esters.
- Styrene is preferably limited to max. 20 wt .-% limited in A), since a higher content can lead to disturbances in the polymerization.
- Component A) also contains polyvalent (meth) acrylates in an amount of from 0.01 to 50% by weight.
- the polyvalent (meth) acrylates due to their crosslinking effect during the polymerization, contribute, among other things, to reducing the water absorption of the semi-finished product and thus the ultimately resulting sanitary article.
- Polyvalent (meth) acrylates are preferably present in the (meth) acrylate system in component A) in an amount of 0.1-30% by weight, particularly advantageously in an amount of 0.2-5% by weight.
- Polyvalent (meth) acrylates are used to link polymers between linear molecules. Properties such as flexibility, scratch resistance, glass transition temperature, melting point or hardening processes can be influenced.
- Multi-functional (meth) acrylates that can preferably be used include:
- R is hydrogen or methyl and n is a positive integer between 3 and 20, such as.
- R is hydrogen or methyl and n is a positive integer between 1 and 14, such as.
- B di (meth) acrylate of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol,
- Tetradecapropylenglycols and glycerol di (meth) acrylate, 2,2 'bis [p- ( ⁇ -methacryloxy- ⁇ -hydroxypropoxy) phenylpropane] or bis-GMA, biphenol A dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 2,2' - Di (4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl) propane with 2 to 10 ethoxy groups per molecule and 1,2-bis (3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy) butane.
- trifunctional or multifunctional (meth) acrylates 2,2 'bis [p- ( ⁇ -methacryloxy- ⁇ -hydroxypropoxy) phenylpropane] or bis-GMA, biphenol A dimethacrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 2,2' - Di (4-methacryloxypolyethoxyphenyl) propane with 2 to 10 ethoxy groups per molecule and
- Preferred common polyfunctional (meth) acrylates include, among other triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEDMA),
- Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), 1,4-butanediol dimethacrylate (1,4-BDMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA).
- (meth) acrylates have functionalities derived from (meth) acrylates. They can be obtained, for example, by reacting hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylic esters with polyisocyanates and polyoxyalkylenes which have at least three hydroxyl functionalities, the proportion of polyethylene oxide being less than 50% by weight, based on the total amount of polyoxyalkylene.
- the property spectrum of elongation at break and tensile strength can be influenced in a targeted manner.
- the elongation at break decreases sharply.
- Particularly preferred urethane (meth) acrylates for the present invention have three or four reactive terminal ethylenically unsaturated functionalities.
- the urethane (meth) acrylates preferred for the invention can be prepared by processes in which i) at least one hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylic acid ester is used
- urethane (meth) acrylates for the present invention can be prepared in a two-step synthesis. For example, equimolar amounts of hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylic acid ester and polyisocyanate are reacted, after which the reaction product thus obtained is allowed to react with a suitable amount of polyoxyalkylene. If suitable polyisocyanates are selected or a suitable reaction is carried out, in particular urethane (meth) acrylates with three reactive terminal ethylenically unsaturated functionalities can be obtained.
- Urethane (meth) acrylates with a different number of ethylenically unsaturated functionalities It has been shown that when using trifunctional polyoxyalkylenes, tetrafunctional urethane (meth) acrylates with connecting groups of the
- Formulas (A.V) are created as exemplified above.
- the mixtures thus obtained can be used as an additive in the (meth) acrylate resins without further purification.
- Component B) is an optional component, but is used very preferably. Basically, one can proceed in the provision of B) in two different ways. On the one hand, B) can be mixed as a polymeric substance with A). On the other hand ( one can A) prepolymerize, whereby a so-called syrup is obtained. This syrup then already has monomeric constituents from group A) and polymeric constituents from group B) in a mixture with one another.
- component A) can be a polymer or
- Prepolymer B) are added. This (pre) polymer should be soluble or swellable in A). 0 to 12 parts of the prepolymer B) are used for one part A). Poly (meth) acrylates are particularly suitable, these being dissolved as a solid polymer in A) or as so-called syrups, i.e. H. partially polymerized mixtures of corresponding monomers can be used. Polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, epoxy resins, epoxy (meth) acrylates, unsaturated polyesters, polyurethanes or mixtures thereof are also suitable. These polymers cause e.g. B. special flexibility properties, shrink regulation, act as a stabilizer or flow improver.
- the (pre) polymer B) is preferably dissolved in A).
- the weight ratio of components B) and A) of the binder is in the range from 1: 1 to 12: 1. In this range, the properties can be optimally matched. Weight ratios B): A) in the range from 5: 1 to 12: 1 are particularly expedient.
- Component B) ((pre) polymer) can be any polymer. It is particularly expedient to use a suspension polymer, emulsion polymer and / or grinding granulate from recycling processes. The average particle diameter of the (pre) polymers is then usually ⁇ 0.8 mm.
- Prepolymer B) is very advantageously a PMMA varnish bead obtainable by suspension polymerization. This can make layers with, in particular, sufficient impact strength of the resulting shaped bodies possible.
- the average particle diameter of the paint bead is about 0.1-0.8 mm. 0.2-0.8 mm, in particular 0.4-0.8 mm, are preferred.
- the (pre) polymer B) is preferably a copolymer, the hardness and flexibility of the reinforcing layers being influenced by the type and amount of the comonomer in the (pre) polymer B).
- Suitable comonomers which are involved in the construction of the respective (pre) polymer B) include u. a. Acrylates and methacrylates, which are different from methyl methacrylate (MMA), vinyl esters, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene and the various halogen-substituted styrenes, vinyl and isopropenyl ethers, dienes, such as 1, 3-butadiene and divinylbenzene.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- Preferred comonomers are for methyl acrylate and the like.
- Component C) is an essential component that is indispensable for curing (polymerization) the polymerizable system.
- the polymerization can be free-radical or ionic, with free-radical polymerization being preferred. It can be carried out thermally, by blasting and by initiators, preferably initiators which form free radicals being used.
- initiators preferably initiators which form free radicals being used.
- the particular conditions of the polymerization depend on the monomers chosen and the initiator system and are widely known in the art.
- the preferred initiators include the azo initiators well known in the art, such as AIBN or 1,1-azobiscyclohexane carbonitrile, and peroxy compounds, such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, ketone peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, cyclohexanone peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, and tert. -Butyl peroxybenzoate, tert. - Butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate, 2,5-bis (2-ethylhexanoyl-peroxy) -2,5-dimethylhexane, tert.
- azo initiators well known in the art, such as AIBN or 1,1-azobiscyclohexane carbonitrile
- peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, ketone peroxide, methyl isobut
- Redox systems are also suitable, and desensitized systems in organic solvents or in aqueous solutions or in aqueous suspension are also known and can be used. Such a system is available under the ® Cadox brand from Akzo. Mixtures of several initiators with a graduated half-life are also possible. In this way, the polymerization reaction can be controlled better, local irregularities can be avoided and a more uniform result is obtained. You can also shorten the post-polymerization time (tempering the semi-finished product in thermos).
- the amount of component C) is variable within wide limits. It depends on the composition of the monomers, the type and amount of the (pre) polymer and the desired polymerization temperature and the desired molecular weight of the polymer to be prepared. Standard values arise, for example for molecular weights of 10,000 to 200,000 (weight average molecular weight) to 2xl0 ⁇ 5 to about IxlO "4 moles of initiator per mole of polymerizable
- component C Components of the monomer system. Depending on the molecular weight of the initiator compound (s) used, about 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 5 ⁇ 10 5 parts by weight of component C) are suitable per part by weight of component A)
- Component D) is an optional one
- Part of the polymerizable (meth) acrylate system which is however preferably contained in the system.
- examples are emulsifiers.
- the amount of substances to be used can be varied over a wide range. 0.01 to 1 part by weight of D) per 1 part by weight of A) are preferred. 0.1 to 0.2 part by weight D) per 1 part by weight A) are particularly useful.
- Component E) is optional. These are the usual additives which are known per se, exemplary additives having been listed above.
- E) includes fillers that do not fall under F). This includes non-reinforcing fillers such as color pigments, antistatic agents, antioxidants, mold release agents, flame retardants, lubricants, Dyes, flow improvers, light stabilizers and organic phosphorus compounds, such as phosphites or phosphonates, pigments, thixotropic agents, UV protection agents, weathering protection agents and plasticizers.
- the average particle size of the fillers used according to E) is preferably in the range of less than 10 ⁇ m, advantageously in the range of less than 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably less than 1 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably less than 0.01 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the average particle sizes of the fillers E) to F) is advantageously in the range from 1: 3 to 1: 1000, preferably in the range from 1: 5 to 1: 100 and particularly preferably in the range from 1:10 to 1:50.
- Component F is essential in the layer with a high filler content, whereas the layer with a low filler content does not have to have any fillers. In addition, this component has been previously described in detail.
- the composition of the different layers with respect to the components A) to F) used can differ greatly both in type and in their weight fractions. While the layer with a low filler content should above all have an excellent surface quality, in particular scratch resistance and hairline crack resistance, the layer with a high filler content is mainly used for reinforcement, so that the components of the layers can be optimized in each case for their purpose. The layer with a higher filler content is expediently obtained in a casting process.
- the procedure here can be such that a) a polymerizable, filled (meth) acrylate composition is provided, b) the composition provided is poured into a prepared mold, c) the composition in the mold at a temperature above room temperature to obtain a plate-like semi-finished product polymerized and d) demolded the semi-finished product.
- the (meth) acrylate system preferably has a viscosity in the range from 0.02 to 0.1 Pa.s (20 to 100 cP), preferably 0.03 to 0.08 Pa.s (30 to 80 cP) before the polymerization ), particularly preferably 0.04 to 0.06 Pa s (40 to 60 cP), very particularly suitably about 0.05 Pa s (50 cP).
- the plate When the plate is polymerized in the preferred viscosity range, it is particularly easy to achieve a high-gloss surface. At the same time, a uniform distribution of pigments or other conventional fillers can be achieved, which are much finer than the reinforcing fillers.
- the combination of color and high-gloss surface with a sufficient self-reinforcing effect is achieved in the sanitary article according to the invention.
- the layer with a higher filler content can thus also obtain a gradient-like distribution of the reinforcing fillers over the thickness of the layer.
- the viscosity can be adjusted in different ways. A first expedient
- the process variant of the invention is characterized in that the viscosity of the polymerizable composition is regulated by varying the weight ratio of (pre) polymer to polymerizable monomers in the composition.
- Viscosity adjusting agents regulated Such viscosity adjusting, i.e. regulating agents are known per se to the person skilled in the art. These include, for example, ionic, nonionic and zwitterionic emulsifiers.
- Particularly preferred modifications of the process according to the invention include using an emulsifier, preferably one or more lecithins, as the viscosity-adjusting agent.
- composition includes the following measures:
- the viscosity of the polymerization system can be varied by adding a regulator.
- the type and amount of wetting agent additives can Allow the viscosity to be set to the desired value.
- the filler concentration as such influences the viscosity of the polymerization system, as does the type of filler or filler mixture (grain size, oil number, surface treatment).
- thixotropic agents for example ® Aerosile
- Viscosity can change the viscosity of the polymerization system.
- the viscosity of the system can be influenced via the polymerization temperature.
- the initiator concentration and the kinetics of the polymerization reaction can also influence the viscosity of the polymerization system and thus the degree of sedimentation of the fillers.
- the layer with a lower filler content can optionally be obtained by a casting process or by extrusion.
- the polyacrylate sheets according to the invention can thus be obtained, for example, by combining at least one layer with a higher filler content and one layer with a lower filler content in a suitable manner.
- the layers can be connected with adhesive or by fusing. These methods are known per se.
- the poly (met) acrylate plate according to the invention by coextruding the layer with a lower filler content and the layer with a higher filler content.
- Another process for producing the boards according to the invention is characterized in that the layer with a low filler content is polymerized onto the layer with a high filler content or the layer with a high filler content is polymerized onto the layer with a low filler content.
- This polymerization can be carried out, for example, with the aid of the so-called chamber method, a poly (meth) acrylate layer serving as the boundary plate of the chamber and the second layer being obtained by casting and subsequent bulk polymerization on the first layer.
- a plate as the layer with a higher filler content, which is placed in a chamber process on a lower molded glass plate side of the chamber, after which a (meth) acrylate system is obtained in the chamber to obtain a layer with a lower filler content poured inserted plate with a higher filler content and polymerized in the chamber process.
- Casting processes such as the chamber process or the roster process, are characterized in that a (meth) acrylate system is poured into a mold and then polymerized.
- Sanitary articles can be obtained from the poly (meth) acrylate plate according to the invention by shaping processes known per se. This includes pulling, Stretch forming, stretching, drawing, deep drawing, vacuum forming, pultrusion. Here, methods are preferred in which the plate is shaped via the elastoplastic state. Thermoforming technology, also known as deep drawing, is particularly well suited.
- the poly (meth) acrylate plate is clamped firmly at the edge of the mold, after which the molded part is brought into a desired shape from the heated, free blank by shaping forces.
- the forming forces include vacuum, compressed air or mechanical forces, e.g. Pre-stretching stamp or hold-down, which can be used individually or in combination.
- Pre-stretching stamp or hold-down which can be used individually or in combination.
- the wall thickness of the polyacrylate plate decreases.
- the polyacrylate plate is preferably heated to a temperature in the range from 140 to 210 ° C., particularly preferably 170 to 190 ° C.
- the molding devices usually also have a heating device which, for example, by infrared rays,
- the heated plate is then pulled into the mold. This is done with the help of the above
- thermoforming forces in the vast majority of embodiments of thermoforming devices the area between the plate and the mold is vented by vacuum.
- the layer with the higher filler content rests on the molding tool, the shaping being carried out using the positive method.
- Two sekurit glass plates are used as a mold.
- a PVC sealing cord is placed between the molded glass plates.
- the glass plates are then fixed on three sides using clips.
- the width of the chamber can be varied by different thicknesses of the sealing cord. In the example, the inside thickness of the chamber was about 5 mm.
- the fourth side is closed after filling.
- the plate system sealed in this way is stored horizontally and placed in a water bath.
- prepolymer is a syrup based on MMA, in which methyl methacrylate has been prepolymerized in a known manner up to a conversion of about 10% (90% by weight of residual monomer).
- the viscosity of the prepolymer was about 450 cp.
- Aerosol OT is a dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate from Cyanamid and is used as a release agent / mold release agent.
- Soy Lecithin is a product of Stern Lecithin and Soja GmbH and is called
- Color paste is a name for a mixture consisting essentially of titanium dioxide, colored pigments and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The mixture becomes
- Tinuvin 770 is the company's light stabilizer
- Ciba - Specialty Chemicals GmbH and belongs to the group of HALS products.
- the fillers and additives required are dispersed into about a third of the prepolymer (1) required.
- a dispersing agent is first and then the necessary additives such.
- This solution is in a coolable and evacuable stirred tank for at least 30 min. dispersed.
- the solution temperature should not exceed 50 ° C.
- the mixture is cooled to room temperature, diluted with the remaining amount of prepolymer and then the initiator 10) is stirred into the solution.
- This solution is finally 30 minutes. homogenized under vacuum.
- the approach described is poured into the mold; the filled mold is stored horizontally in a water bath at 62 ° C, the content is polymerized. In the main polymerization, about 90% conversion is achieved.
- Sheets are made in an annealing furnace at 120 ° C. After the plates have cooled, the upper glass plate is removed from the chamber and the semi-finished product (poly (meth) acrylate plate) is removed.
- the required additives (3-9) are dispersed in the amounts indicated in the prepolymer (1) and homogenized under vacuum for 30 min.
- the approach described is poured into the mold; the filled mold is stored horizontally in a water bath at 62 ° C, the content is polymerized. In the main polymerization, about 90% conversion is achieved.
- the plates are post-polymerized in a tempering oven at 120 ° C. After cooling the The upper glass plate of the chamber is removed from the plates and the semi-finished product (poly (meth) acrylate plate) is removed.
- a reinforcing plate described in Example 1 is placed on a lower side of the molded glass plate during mold construction.
- the amount to be poured on depends on the desired layer thickness of the layer with a lower filler content.
- Layers of 1 to 5 mm are preferably polymerized. In example 3.1, the thickness of the polymerized layer was 3.2 mm.
- the main and postpolymerization are carried out as described under 1 hereinabove.
- a plate described in Example 2 is placed on a molded glass side during mold construction.
- the further mold construction is carried out as described in 1.
- a plate described under example 2 is laminated with a plate described under 1 in the vacuum process or in the prepreg process.
- a uniform negative pressure acts on the entire component (sandwich made from a plate according to FIGS. 1 and 2 and, if appropriate, an adhesion promoter) by creating a vacuum. Trapped air and excess adhesive resin are extracted from the part to be laminated, which results in a first-class bond between the two panels.
- lamination is carried out in an autoclave or under a press with the application of heat and pressure.
- the layer with a higher filler content (plate from Example 1) had an elongation at break of 144%.
- the lower filler layer (plate from Example 2) had an elongation at break of 950%.
- the laminate of plate according to Example 1 and plate according to Example 2 had an elongation at break of 333%.
- the semi-finished product from 3.1. has a thickness of approximately 8.2 mm.
- An approximately 0.9 x 0.9 large semi-finished product is deep-drawn into a shower base. This is done as follows: The plate to be deformed is in fixed to a metal frame. The top and bottom of the plate are heated with infrared radiators until a surface temperature of approx. 190 ° C is reached. The infrared radiators are then removed and a mold is brought up to the underside of the plate so that it is airtight with the plate. The heated plate is drawn into the mold with a vacuum. After cooling, the deformed body can be removed.
- the shower tray according to the example met the requirements of the relevant standards.
- the following examinations were carried out and passed, for example, on the shower base according to the example:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU35426/01A AU3542601A (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-01-17 | Self-reinforced, thermoplastically moldable poly(meth)acrylate panel, method forthe production thereof and sanitary article produced with said panel |
EP01907458A EP1214193B1 (de) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-01-17 | Selbstverstärkte, thermoplastisch formbare platte aus poly(meth)acrylat, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie aus der platte hergestellter sanitärartikel |
DE50109865T DE50109865D1 (de) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-01-17 | Selbstverstärkte, thermoplastisch formbare platte aus poly(meth)acrylat, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie aus der platte hergestellter sanitärartikel |
US09/926,248 US6726970B2 (en) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-01-17 | Self-reinforced moldable poly(meth)acrylate sheet |
JP2001556658A JP4686094B2 (ja) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-01-17 | 熱可塑的に成形可能な自己強化ポリ(メト)アクリレートシート、該シートの製造方法および該シートで製造されたサニタリー製品 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10004449.2 | 2000-02-03 | ||
DE2000104449 DE10004449A1 (de) | 2000-02-03 | 2000-02-03 | Selbstverstärkte, thermoplastisch formbare Platte aus Poly(meth)acrylat, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie aus der Platte hergestellter Sanitärartikel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001056784A1 true WO2001056784A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
WO2001056784A8 WO2001056784A8 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
Family
ID=7629514
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2001/000487 WO2001056784A1 (de) | 2000-02-03 | 2001-01-17 | Selbstverstärkte, thermoplastisch formbare platte aus poly(meth)acrylat, verfahren zu deren herstellung sowie aus der platte hergestellter sanitärartikel |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6726970B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1214193B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4686094B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100701451B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1207146C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE327096T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU3542601A (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ20013538A3 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10004449A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2263587T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL200267B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001056784A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7625445B2 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2009-12-01 | Chirag Parekh | Aggregate for making a molded article and a method of making the aggregate |
US8003199B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2011-08-23 | Evonik Rohm Gmbh | Noise prevention plate consisting of acrylic glass |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20060205845A1 (en) * | 2004-03-20 | 2006-09-14 | Roehm Gbmh & Co. Kg | Depolymerization method and device |
KR100758656B1 (ko) | 2006-05-19 | 2007-09-13 | 장학섭 | 난연 및 방염성 아크릴 시트 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2014066693A1 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2014-05-01 | Kohler Co. | Engineered composite material and products produced therefrom |
KR20230121642A (ko) | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-21 | 다이텍연구원 | 내충격성이 우수한 폴리에틸렌계 자기강화복합재료의 제조방법 |
Citations (3)
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DE4313925A1 (de) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-03 | Roehm Gmbh | Polymerisatformstücke aus Gießharzen mit metallisch glänzenden, gegebenenfalls farbigen Oberflächen |
DE19714399A1 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-15 | Agomer Gmbh | Hinterfütterter Sanitärartikel und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE19814266A1 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-07 | Agomer Gmbh | Hinterfütterter Sanitärartikel und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
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FR2551074B1 (fr) * | 1983-08-24 | 1985-11-22 | Rambaud Jean Michel | Composition et procede pour le revetement d'objets en resine acrylique, et objets ainsi revetus |
JPH07250772A (ja) * | 1994-01-27 | 1995-10-03 | Aaru Pii Toupura Kk | 浴槽または洗面器用シートおよびその製法 |
DE69510531T2 (de) * | 1995-03-27 | 2000-03-23 | Atochem Elf Sa | Thermoformbare Acrylplatte, deren Herstellungsverfahren sowie daraus thermogeformte granitähnliche Gegenstände |
JP3828649B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-17 | 2006-10-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂製浴槽の製造法 |
JPH11151767A (ja) * | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-08 | Bridgestone Corp | 大型容器及びその製造方法 |
JPH11226970A (ja) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-08-24 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 浴槽の製造方法 |
JP2000334874A (ja) * | 1999-05-31 | 2000-12-05 | Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc | 常温硬化性シート状材料及びその硬化方法 |
JP2001157640A (ja) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-06-12 | Bridgestone Corp | 浴 槽 |
JP2001182117A (ja) * | 1999-10-15 | 2001-07-03 | Bridgestone Corp | ユニットルームの床パン |
-
2000
- 2000-02-03 DE DE2000104449 patent/DE10004449A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-01-17 CN CNB018001416A patent/CN1207146C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-17 EP EP01907458A patent/EP1214193B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 PL PL350035A patent/PL200267B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-17 ES ES01907458T patent/ES2263587T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 US US09/926,248 patent/US6726970B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-17 AT AT01907458T patent/ATE327096T1/de active
- 2001-01-17 DE DE50109865T patent/DE50109865D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 JP JP2001556658A patent/JP4686094B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-17 KR KR1020017012570A patent/KR100701451B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-17 CZ CZ20013538A patent/CZ20013538A3/cs unknown
- 2001-01-17 WO PCT/EP2001/000487 patent/WO2001056784A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-17 AU AU35426/01A patent/AU3542601A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
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DE4313925A1 (de) * | 1993-04-28 | 1994-11-03 | Roehm Gmbh | Polymerisatformstücke aus Gießharzen mit metallisch glänzenden, gegebenenfalls farbigen Oberflächen |
DE19714399A1 (de) * | 1997-04-08 | 1998-10-15 | Agomer Gmbh | Hinterfütterter Sanitärartikel und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
DE19814266A1 (de) * | 1998-03-31 | 1999-10-07 | Agomer Gmbh | Hinterfütterter Sanitärartikel und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8003199B2 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2011-08-23 | Evonik Rohm Gmbh | Noise prevention plate consisting of acrylic glass |
US7625445B2 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2009-12-01 | Chirag Parekh | Aggregate for making a molded article and a method of making the aggregate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50109865D1 (de) | 2006-06-29 |
EP1214193B1 (de) | 2006-05-24 |
PL200267B1 (pl) | 2008-12-31 |
US20030012903A1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
KR20020005649A (ko) | 2002-01-17 |
WO2001056784A8 (de) | 2002-02-28 |
PL350035A1 (en) | 2002-10-21 |
AU3542601A (en) | 2001-08-14 |
JP2003521397A (ja) | 2003-07-15 |
KR100701451B1 (ko) | 2007-03-29 |
CZ20013538A3 (cs) | 2002-08-14 |
ATE327096T1 (de) | 2006-06-15 |
CN1362911A (zh) | 2002-08-07 |
US6726970B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
DE10004449A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
JP4686094B2 (ja) | 2011-05-18 |
CN1207146C (zh) | 2005-06-22 |
EP1214193A1 (de) | 2002-06-19 |
ES2263587T3 (es) | 2006-12-16 |
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